Article(id=1149738772549513440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738762382524507, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)07-0132-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.0146, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705248000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-15, revisedDate=1713369600000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752048684489, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1722096000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752048684489, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752048684489, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752048684489, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149738762382524507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752048682065, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757316437713, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1171833331021824745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738762382524507, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1171833331021824746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738762382524507, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=132, endPage=138, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149738772801171682, articleId=1149738772549513440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Source strength inversion of PSO-IA under modified Gaussian models, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the science and effectiveness of traceability and localization of hazardous gas leaks,determining the location and intensity of dangerous gas leaks is the key to emergency response to accidents. The Gaussian plume model was modified by analyzing the mass conservation law and improving the diffusion amplitude of the gas plume with an approximate Gaussian distribution. Additionally,a heuristic algorithm based on the principle of immunization—IA coupled with PSO—was proposed,and the PSO-IA algorithm was applied to source strength inversion. It is concluded that the modified Gaussian plume model has been verified by three classical algorithms (PS,GA and PSO),resulting in a prediction value error decreased by about 2%. PSO algorithm,which showed a better inversion effect,was selected for comparison with the PSO-IA algorithm. The PSO-IA algorithm has improved the effect of inverting source strength,with a localization error is 1.3 m,a source strength solving error of 0.8%,and a single computation time of less than 1 second. This enables fast and accurate positioning and estimation of source strength.

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为提高危险气体泄漏溯源定位的科学性和实效性,确定危险气体泄漏位置和强度是事故应急响应的关键。首先,根据质量守恒定律,分析、改进近似高斯分布的气体羽流扩散幅度,修正高斯烟羽模型;然后,基于免疫浓度筛选机制作为主策略的免疫算法(IA),通过与粒子群算法(PSO)耦合,将混合免疫粒子群(PSO-IA)算法应用到源强反演中;最后,验证PSO-IA算法溯源定位效果。结果表明:与模式搜索法(PS)、遗传算法(GA)、PSO相比,修正高斯烟羽模型预测值误差均下降2%左右;混合PSO-IA算法相较PSO算法反演源强效果有明显提升,其算法定位误差为1.3 m,求解源强误差为0.8%,单次计算时间小于1 s,能实现快速、准确定位并估算源强度。

, correspAuthors=蒯念生, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 蒯念生(1985—),男,四川成都人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事化工和危险化学品安全生产技术方面的工作。E-mail:
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万邦银 (1996—),男,重庆人,硕士研究生,研究方向为危险化学品泄漏危害影响分析及溯源定位。E-mail:

何雄元 工程师;

彭敏君 高级工程师;

邓利民 教授级高级工程师

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Inverse calculation comparison before and after model correction

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对比模型 经典算法 α x值/m y值/m Q/(kg·s-1) 适应度值
(方差和)
收敛迭代
次数
高斯模型 PS 0.02 242.3 44.2 1.255 1.844×10-4 401
GA 276.4 42.2 1.249 1.832×10-4 120
PSO 252.2 42.6 1.223 1.826×10-4 102
修正高斯
模型
PS 248.5 45.1 1.216 1.806×10-4 400
GA 250.3 43.7 1.208 1.795×10-4 126
PSO 265.9 43 1.071 1.779×10-4 113
), ArticleFig(id=1168186441986224393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738772549513440, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模型修正前后反算对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比模型 经典算法 α x值/m y值/m Q/(kg·s-1) 适应度值
(方差和)
收敛迭代
次数
高斯模型 PS 0.02 242.3 44.2 1.255 1.844×10-4 401
GA 276.4 42.2 1.249 1.832×10-4 120
PSO 252.2 42.6 1.223 1.826×10-4 102
修正高斯
模型
PS 248.5 45.1 1.216 1.806×10-4 400
GA 250.3 43.7 1.208 1.795×10-4 126
PSO 265.9 43 1.071 1.779×10-4 113
), ArticleFig(id=1168186442057527562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738772549513440, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of 100 mean values of PSO-IA and PSO inverse calculations

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算法 种群
N
迭代
次数
真实坐
标/m
反算均值
坐标/m
偏离d/
m
θ真实值/
(kg·s-1)
反算Q均值/
(kg·s-1)
相对误
差/%
计算总
时间/s
平均单次
时间/s
PSO 30 500 260,45.9 253.7,40.4 8.4 1.127 1.191 5.7 44.7 0.45
50 500 265.6,42.8 6.4 1.076 4.5 70.9 0.71
100 500 267.8,47.9 8.1 1.066 5.4 139.2 1.39
PSO-IA 30 500 255.2,41.6 6.4 1.099 2.5 45 0.45
50 500 261.2,46.5 1.3 1.118 0.8 71.2 0.71
100 500 262.5,43.1 3.8 1.137 0.9 140.8 1.41
), ArticleFig(id=1168186442137219339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738772549513440, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

PSO-IA与PSO反算100次均值比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法 种群
N
迭代
次数
真实坐
标/m
反算均值
坐标/m
偏离d/
m
θ真实值/
(kg·s-1)
反算Q均值/
(kg·s-1)
相对误
差/%
计算总
时间/s
平均单次
时间/s
PSO 30 500 260,45.9 253.7,40.4 8.4 1.127 1.191 5.7 44.7 0.45
50 500 265.6,42.8 6.4 1.076 4.5 70.9 0.71
100 500 267.8,47.9 8.1 1.066 5.4 139.2 1.39
PSO-IA 30 500 255.2,41.6 6.4 1.099 2.5 45 0.45
50 500 261.2,46.5 1.3 1.118 0.8 71.2 0.71
100 500 262.5,43.1 3.8 1.137 0.9 140.8 1.41
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免疫粒子群算法在修正高斯模型下的源强反演
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万邦银 1, 2 , 蒯念生 2, ** , 何雄元 3 , 彭敏君 3 , 邓利民 2
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(7): 132-138
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(7): 132-138
免疫粒子群算法在修正高斯模型下的源强反演
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万邦银1, 2 , 蒯念生2, ** , 何雄元3, 彭敏君3, 邓利民2
作者信息
  • 1 西南科技大学 环境与资源学院,四川 绵阳 621010
  • 2 四川省安全科学技术研究院,四川 成都 610045
  • 3 重大危险源测控四川省重点实验室,四川 成都 610045
  • 万邦银 (1996—),男,重庆人,硕士研究生,研究方向为危险化学品泄漏危害影响分析及溯源定位。E-mail:

    何雄元 工程师;

    彭敏君 高级工程师;

    邓利民 教授级高级工程师

通讯作者:

** 蒯念生(1985—),男,四川成都人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事化工和危险化学品安全生产技术方面的工作。E-mail:
Source strength inversion of PSO-IA under modified Gaussian models
Bangyin WAN1, 2 , Niansheng KUAI2, ** , Xiongyuan HE3, Minjun PENG3, Limin DENG2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Environment and Resources,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China
  • 2 Sichuan Institute of Safety Science and Technology,Chengdu Sichuan 610045,China
  • 3 Sichuan Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Major Hazardous Sources,Chengdu Sichuan 610045,China
出版时间: 2024-07-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.0146
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为提高危险气体泄漏溯源定位的科学性和实效性,确定危险气体泄漏位置和强度是事故应急响应的关键。首先,根据质量守恒定律,分析、改进近似高斯分布的气体羽流扩散幅度,修正高斯烟羽模型;然后,基于免疫浓度筛选机制作为主策略的免疫算法(IA),通过与粒子群算法(PSO)耦合,将混合免疫粒子群(PSO-IA)算法应用到源强反演中;最后,验证PSO-IA算法溯源定位效果。结果表明:与模式搜索法(PS)、遗传算法(GA)、PSO相比,修正高斯烟羽模型预测值误差均下降2%左右;混合PSO-IA算法相较PSO算法反演源强效果有明显提升,其算法定位误差为1.3 m,求解源强误差为0.8%,单次计算时间小于1 s,能实现快速、准确定位并估算源强度。

免疫粒子群(PSO-IA)算法  /  修正高斯烟羽模型  /  源强反演  /  危险气体泄漏  /  求解精度

In order to improve the science and effectiveness of traceability and localization of hazardous gas leaks,determining the location and intensity of dangerous gas leaks is the key to emergency response to accidents. The Gaussian plume model was modified by analyzing the mass conservation law and improving the diffusion amplitude of the gas plume with an approximate Gaussian distribution. Additionally,a heuristic algorithm based on the principle of immunization—IA coupled with PSO—was proposed,and the PSO-IA algorithm was applied to source strength inversion. It is concluded that the modified Gaussian plume model has been verified by three classical algorithms (PS,GA and PSO),resulting in a prediction value error decreased by about 2%. PSO algorithm,which showed a better inversion effect,was selected for comparison with the PSO-IA algorithm. The PSO-IA algorithm has improved the effect of inverting source strength,with a localization error is 1.3 m,a source strength solving error of 0.8%,and a single computation time of less than 1 second. This enables fast and accurate positioning and estimation of source strength.

particle swarm optimization-immune algorithm(PSO-IA)  /  modified Gaussian smoke plume model  /  source-strength inversion  /  hazardous gas leakage  /  solving accuracy
万邦银, 蒯念生, 何雄元, 彭敏君, 邓利民. 免疫粒子群算法在修正高斯模型下的源强反演. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (7) : 132 -138 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.0146
Bangyin WAN, Niansheng KUAI, Xiongyuan HE, Minjun PENG, Limin DENG. Source strength inversion of PSO-IA under modified Gaussian models[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (7) : 132 -138 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.0146
近年来,危险气体泄漏事故频发,对安全生产和公共安全造成严重冲击。快速、准确地定位危险气体泄漏源位置并预测泄漏源强,是防止事故蔓延和扩大、减少人员伤亡和财产损失的关键。化工装置和危险化学品储存设施通常占地面积大、工艺设备复杂,加之危险化学品大多具有易燃易爆和有毒有害等危害特性,一旦发生危险气体大规模泄漏扩散事故,难以在第一时间定位泄漏源头,巡检和抢险人员也难以在事故初期抵达泄漏点实施侦检。因此,研究基于外围监测的危险气体泄漏源强反演定位技术,具有重要的意义和应用价值。
相关学者在泄漏源强度和位置的反演研究方面已有一定成果,如KEATS等[1]提出贝叶斯概率推理框架计算源强,发现马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗法适用于最优化问题的近似求解;CHOW[2]利用随机采样算法和计算流体动力学模型的贝叶斯推理,设计城市污染源释放试验并反演源强;HAUPT等[3]使用遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA),优化观测数据和预测数据之间的匹配,使误差最小化;ZHENG Xiaoping[4]基于模式搜索算法(Pattern Search,PS)研究泄漏源强度;张建文等[5]采用混合遗传-Nelder Mead单纯形法补足单一算法劣势,反算验证其假设;张久凤[6]研究了粒子群优化算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)在源强反算的应用效果;SVEN-ERIK等[7]的研究表明:简单高斯分布无法重现预测值;刘畅等[8]运用混合差分粒子群算法,在修正高斯烟羽模型下反算源强。现有研究尚未验证修正高斯烟羽模型能否使预测浓度与监测浓度方差和减小。
鉴于此,笔者拟通过改进高斯扩散模式使其预测值更贴近真实值,再结合免疫算法(Immune Algorithm,IA)与PSO算法互补优势,构建混合免疫粒子群(PSO-IA)算法,并将其与修正高斯烟羽模型结合,应用于溯源定位中,以期为进一步提升气体泄漏源强反演的精度和速度提供技术支持。
目前,源强反演定位研究主要从优化理论和概率统计理论[9]2个方向开展。在概率论方法中,缺乏对大量监测数据的统计信息,在事故应急处置情况下难以胜任,而优化方法在事故应急中可以快速响应以满足应急处置的紧迫性要求。氨气同时具有毒害性和燃爆性等典型危害,故采用氨气作为目标气体开展泄漏源强反演。
根据氨气的理化性质,由理查德森数判定选用高斯烟羽扩散模型。理查德森数据中国导则版计算详见《建设项目环境风险评价技术导则》[10]。高斯模型中大气稳定度由Pasquill大气稳定度确定,扩散系数由GIFFORD[11]烟羽扩散模型方程确定(下风向距离的单位为正)。假设原点与泄漏源重合,高斯烟羽模型高架连续点源下风向空间某一点的浓度如下:
C ( x y z H ) = Q 2 π μ σ y σ z e x p - y 2 2 σ y 2 e x p - ( z - H ) 2 2 σ z 2 + e x p - ( z + H ) 2 2 σ z 2
式中:C为预测点(xyz)泄漏气体的质量浓度,mg/m3;H为源释放垂直高度,m;μ为平均风速,m/s;σyσz分别为yz方向的扩散参数,m;Q为源强,kg/s。
1) 高斯分布中,期望值决定其位置,标准差决定分布的幅度,扩散气体羽流轮廓在垂直平面和侧风向平面都近似正态分布,采取地面浓度模式估算泄漏源扩散羽流情况,从高斯分布与泄漏气体质量守恒分析:
Q - C ' = - y y 0 z C E · ( σ y + σ z ) α d y d z
式中:C'为沉积量; C E为高斯烟羽地面浓度。
高斯烟羽地面浓度模式:
C E = Q π μ σ y σ z e x p - y 2 2 σ y 2 e x p [ - ( H ) 2 2 σ z 2 ]
2) 修正高斯烟羽模型[12]需要考虑其地表粗糙度和反射系数的问题。对于污染物,粒子直径<10μm采用扩散模式计算,直径>10μm需要在重力与空气作用的合力下计算[13],其沉降量影响粒子回弹效果,粒子反射效果随烟羽扩散距离变化,结合采用WILSON[14]给出的粒子回弹概率P计算,质量浓度计算为:
C ' = P · C E ( σ y + σ z ) α
修正后的高架连续点源高斯烟羽模型[15-17]为:
C ( x y z z 0 ) = Q ( σ y + σ z ) α 2 π μ σ y σ z e x p - ( y - y 0 ) 2 2 σ y 2 e x p - ( z - z 0 ) 2 2 σ z 2 + P · e x p - ( z + z 0 ) 2 2 σ z 2
式中:α为结合地表粗糙度与粒子回弹的系数;y0为泄漏源侧风向坐标,m;z0为泄漏源垂直方向坐标,m。
考虑到事故应急时的紧迫性、系统快速响应,源强反演优化函数选择扩散模式浓度与实际观测浓度的平方差和作为目标函数,如下式:
m i n f ( Q x 0 y 0 z 0 ) = m i n n i = 1 ( C o J - C c J ) 2
式中:x0为泄漏源横坐标,m; C o为监测点质量浓度;Cc为高斯烟羽模型预测质量浓度,mg/m3;J为监测点个数,J=1,2,…,20。选取矩形网格监测点,监测点位布局如图1所示。
PSO算法具有高效的搜索能力,运行效率高、参数相对较少,有利于计算多目标参数的最优解。因此,将PSO算法应用于多目标优化问题上具有很大的优势。
PSO算法步骤:①初始化粒子群规模N、每个粒子位置φi、速度vi,设置参数学习因子c1c2,惯性权重w,最大迭代数Imax;②计算粒子适应度值Fi;③如果Fi>pb(个体极值),则Fi替代pb;④如果Fi>gb(全局极值),则Fi替代gb;⑤更新粒子的速度vi,位置φi;⑥满足结束条件即退出,否则返回步骤②。
IA是一种基于免疫系统原理的启发式算法,通常用于解决复杂的优化问题,模拟免疫系统的进化过程来搜索最优解,不强调算法参数设置和初始解的质量,对问题和初始解的依赖性不强,具有很强的适应性和鲁棒性;利用免疫浓度筛选机制作为改进IA主策略,主要步骤包括随机生成初始化种群、计算亲和度、抗体浓度、激励度、排序和重新筛选等。IA算法具体步骤如下:
1) 设置算法参数。抗体解向量搜索范围KU(j)、 KL(j),免疫个体维数D,免疫个体数目N,最大免疫代数tmax,激励度系数β,相似度阈值ε
2) 初始化种群N,随机生成D维独特型串的N个浮点数编码抗体τ(j),线性变换如下:
τ ( j ) = K L ( j ) + η ( j ) [ K U ( j ) - K L ( j ) ] j = 1,2 n
式中:η(j)为生成rand(0,1)实数;n为抗体编码总维数。
3) 计算抗体与抗原亲和度φ(τ)。函数输入抗体为可行解,需要评价每个可行解的适应度值fv,结合程度表示可行解区间S(SRR为实数集);通常根据问题的特点定义亲和度评价函数:
φ ( τ ) = 1 1 + f v
4) 产生新解。γN=τ(j),将新解与初始解γI合并:γ。
5) 利用免疫个体浓度计算,基于欧氏距离的抗体亲和力计算方法,计算第i个个体与第j个个体之间的距离:
φ ( τ i η j ) = i = 1 n ( τ i k - η J k   ) 2
式中 τ i k η i k分别为抗体i的第k维度和抗体j的第k维度。
6) 比较抗体相似度。计算抗体浓度 V D A,抗体浓度过高意味着种群中存在非常类似的大量个体,则寻优搜索会集中于可行解区间的一个区域,不利于全局优化。
V D A ( τ η i ) = 1 n i = 1 n φ ( τ η i τ η j )
式中:τηi为种群中的第i个抗体;φ(τiηi)为抗体i与抗体j的亲和度。
如果 V D A ( τ η i ) ε,索引≤阈值ε的元素位置,并将结果存储在变量λ中;否则,不进行索引。浓度矩阵中≤阈值ε取反后求和,重新计算浓度 V D B:
V D B = n i = 1 γ j + 1 - 1 L ( λ )
式中L(λ)为最大解数组维度长度。
7) 抗体激励度[18]是对抗体质量的最终评价,适应度大、浓度低的抗体会得到较大的激励度。
S M ( τ i η i ) = β · φ ( τ i η i ) - ε · V D B ( τ i η i )
对筛选出的抗体进行排序,根据选择对抗体进行免疫(克隆变异抑制)操作。
8) 重新计算目标函数best_v,重复步骤3)—步骤8),直到生成新的种群。
9) 判断终止条件。根据最大迭代次数或达到特定的适应度值,判断是否终止算法。如果不满足终止条件,则返回步骤3);否则,输出最优解。
PSO算法具有不错的通用性,但粒子容易飞越局部最优信息,即局部搜索能力不强,与IA算法相结合改善其自身局限性;用PSO算法更新解决免疫算法收敛慢的问题,用IA算法的浓度筛选机制,增强算法(粒子)全局搜索巡游能力。
在程序运行过程中判定搜索粒子位置超界,避免偏离全局最优解,防止陷入局部最优解;避免算法早熟收敛,提高算法搜索能力和收敛速度;混合PSO-IA算法[19]流程如图2所示。
为验证修正高斯烟羽模型下基于PSO-IA算法的源强反算研究结果,模拟某厂区真实情景,根据厂区地理位置信息、当地气象条件、罐体压力、体积、温度等真实情况,选取储罐上某破损部位作为泄漏点,设计仿真试验,泄漏点记为源点,坐标(260,45.9,2)。
氨气泄漏仿真试验相关参数为:风速仪高度处风速3m/s,泄漏处风速2.006m/s,泄漏储罐长10m、直径为3.6m,存储压力0.4MPa,储存温度25℃,环境空气密度1.667kg/m3,泄漏孔径约0.06m,泄漏速率推荐使用《危险化学品生产装置和储存设施外部安全防护距离确定方法》[20]计算,计算出泄漏速率为1 127.8g/s,泄漏总时间251.7s。
应用PS、GA、PSO这3种经典算法,分别对经典模型和修正模型描述的氨气泄漏仿真试验开展反演定位,模型修正前后反演对比见表1。由表1可知:在修正模型下,3种经典算法的适应度值均有下降,说明预测值更接近真实值,其中,①PS算法在预测与监测值拟合度上提高2.1%,GA算法提高2%,PSO算法提高2.6%;②在反演源强上,PS算法反演误差由12.1%下降到8.6%,GA算法由11.5%下降到7.9%,PSO算法由9.2%下降到4.4%;③在反演坐标上,PS算法从x轴方向偏离17.7m下降到11.5m,y轴方向偏离1.7m下降到0.8m;GA算法在x轴方向从16.4m下降到9.7m,y轴方向由3.7m下降到2.2m;PSO算法分别为,x轴方向由7.8m下降到5.9m,y轴方向由3.3m下降到2.9m;可见:修正高斯烟羽模型使适应度值优化更好。
针对PS算法依赖初值计算问题,分别选取(200,45)等近源点和远离源位置的点开始搜索,其中,表1为靠近泄漏点搜索出的优解;PS算法收敛稳定,但过于依赖初值,全局搜索能力较弱;GA算法全局搜索能力强,但复杂问题收敛慢,需要根据经验调整参数;PSO算法在源强反算优化问题上,求解精度、收敛速度、实现难易程度均表现良好,为广大学者所应用。
应用PSO-IA、PSO这2种算法对修正的高斯烟羽模型描述的氨气泄漏仿真试验开展反演定位研究。PSO-IA算法与PSO算法反算源强迭代情况如图3所示。
PSO算法全局搜索能力强,在多次仿真中表现出收敛快性质,种群规模N≤50时,通常在500次迭代内达到收敛,为确保反演位置与真实源强的可靠性,求解需要收敛,但迭代次数过高会消耗额外的时间,导致事故发生后的响应时间变长[21],不利于及时救援,因此,应在求解精度和求解时间上作出权衡。以平面欧氏距离d( d = ( x - x 0 ) 2 + ( y - y 0 ) 2)分析定位精度,PSO-IA算法与PSO算法反演定位结果对比见表2
基于20个监测点位,种群数N=50在求解精度和时间上已满足应急要求,但提高粒子数会明显增加时间成本,不利于事故发生后的应急响应。
研究结果表明:在相同参数试验条件下,PSO-IA算法在提高求解精度的同时,计算时间上并未劣势,相较于PSO算法是一种不错的改进。
1) 修正高斯模型经过3种经典算法(PS、GA、PSO)验证,其预测浓度与真实浓度的目标函数值均有降低,表明修正后的模型具有更高的准确性,更贴近实际反应危险气体扩散情形。
2) 对比单一PSO算法,PSO-IA反演源位置误差由6.4m下降到1.3m,源强反演误差由4.5%下降到0.8%,在求解精度和全局收敛上具有明显的优势,同时,算法避免求导等冗杂问题,不依赖初值,在多次高迭代次数反演中速度并未下降,解的稳定性好,能保证应急监测系统的稳定。
3) PSO-IA结合PSO和IA的优点,能够快速、准确求解危险气体泄漏源位置和强度,为危险气体泄漏事故的现场应急处置提供有效的技术支持,有助于加强化工和危险化学品行业应急救援处突能力。
  • 重大危险源测控四川省重点实验室基金资助(KFKT2023-05)
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2024年第34卷第7期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.0146
  • 接收时间:2024-01-15
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-15
  • 修回日期:2024-04-18
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重大危险源测控四川省重点实验室基金资助(KFKT2023-05)
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    1 西南科技大学 环境与资源学院,四川 绵阳 621010
    2 四川省安全科学技术研究院,四川 成都 610045
    3 重大危险源测控四川省重点实验室,四川 成都 610045

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** 蒯念生(1985—),男,四川成都人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事化工和危险化学品安全生产技术方面的工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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