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In order to improve the perception level of fault water damage in coal mine,a fault water inrush stage sensing method based on fault activation evolution mechanism and key control factors was proposed. The evolution characteristics of working face floor and fault failure were studied through similar simulation tests of fault water inrush evolution process. The stage characteristics of monitoring parameters and the change of water inflow were revealed by taking the stress in the failure zone of floor,the stress in the fracture zone of fault and the water pressure in the water channel as the stage monitoring parameters. The key controlling factors of water inrush phase transformation were determined by grey correlation analysis method. Then,according to the fault water inrush analysis and research process,the fault water inrush stage perception method was proposed. The study determines that the numerical variation characteristics of monitoring parameters such as stress of floor failure zone,fault fracture zone and water pressure in water channel show obvious stage characteristics during fault activation water inrush. The order of grey correlation degree between control factors and water inflow is as follows: stress in floor failure zone > stress in fault fracture zone > water pressure in water channel,through identification of key control factors. Through the identification of key control factors,the perception of fault water inrush stage can be realized,and the perception method based on grey correlation analysis is feasible in principle.

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为提升煤矿断层水害感知水平,提出一种以断层活化演变机制和关键控制因素识别的断层突水阶段化感知方法,通过断层突水演化过程相似模拟试验研究工作面底板与断层破坏的演化特征,以底板破坏带应力、断层裂隙带应力、导水通道内水压等为阶段监测参数,揭示各监测参数与涌水量变化的阶段特征;结合灰色关联性分析法,判定断层突水阶段转化的关键控制因素,进而根据断层突水分析与研究过程,提出断层突水阶段化感知方法。结果表明:底板破坏带、断层裂隙带的应力,导水通道内的水压等监测参数的数值变化特征在断层活化突水过程中呈现出明显的阶段特征,控制因素与涌水量的灰色关联度排序为:底板破坏带应力>断层裂隙带应力>导水通道水压,通过对关键控制因素的识别,可实现断层突水阶段的感知,揭示基于灰色关联分析的感知方法在原理上具备可行性。

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孙文斌 (1981—),男,山东郓城人,博士,教授,博士生导师,泰山学者青年专家,主要从事矿山灾变演化智能识别等方面的研究。E-mail:

樊建聪 教授;

ABDUMALIK Olimov 教授

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孙文斌 (1981—),男,山东郓城人,博士,教授,博士生导师,泰山学者青年专家,主要从事矿山灾变演化智能识别等方面的研究。E-mail:

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孙文斌 (1981—),男,山东郓城人,博士,教授,博士生导师,泰山学者青年专家,主要从事矿山灾变演化智能识别等方面的研究。E-mail:

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樊建聪 教授;

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樊建聪 教授;

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ABDUMALIK Olimov 教授

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ABDUMALIK Olimov 教授

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Main fault structure situation

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断层
名称
性质 走向 倾向 倾角/
(°)
落差/
m
延展长
度/m
F1 近SN W 60~70 0~30 1 900
F2 近SN W 60~70 0~20 880
F3 近SN E 60~70 0~40 2 900
F4 近SN W 60~70 25~90 700
), ArticleFig(id=1168186642343931926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738772176220382, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

主要断层构造情况

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断层
名称
性质 走向 倾向 倾角/
(°)
落差/
m
延展长
度/m
F1 近SN W 60~70 0~30 1 900
F2 近SN W 60~70 0~20 880
F3 近SN E 60~70 0~40 2 900
F4 近SN W 60~70 25~90 700
), ArticleFig(id=1168186642419429399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738772176220382, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Formation properties and simulated material ratios

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位置 岩性 实际厚
度/m
模型厚
度/cm
抗压强度/MPa 模拟材料配比
实际强度 模拟强度
顶板 砂质泥岩 6.4 4 32.6 0.15 8∶8∶2 石英砂∶碳酸钙∶
石膏
细砂岩 20.8 14 42.0 0.19 6∶5∶5
砾岩 12.6 8 80.6 0.36 8∶6∶4
砂质泥岩 15.3 10 32.7 0.15 8∶8∶2
粉砂岩 11.8 8 20.9 0.10 7∶5∶5
煤层 煤层 6 4 15.3 0.07 30∶1∶0.8∶1∶1 石英砂∶
石蜡∶液压油∶
碳酸钙∶凡士林
底板 泥岩 14.6 10 93.8 0.42 12∶1.8∶0.7∶1.2∶0.6
砂质泥岩 10.7 7 75.1 0.33 14∶1.6∶0.7∶1.2∶0.7
中砂岩 13.2 8 39.7 0.18 18∶0.8∶0.6∶1.2∶0.8
粉砂岩 11.1 7 28.6 0.13 18∶1∶0.7∶1.2∶0.9
断层 充填物 5.6 4 1∶1.2∶0.3 碎石∶河沙∶黏土
), ArticleFig(id=1168186642574618648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738772176220382, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

岩层性质及模拟材料配比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置 岩性 实际厚
度/m
模型厚
度/cm
抗压强度/MPa 模拟材料配比
实际强度 模拟强度
顶板 砂质泥岩 6.4 4 32.6 0.15 8∶8∶2 石英砂∶碳酸钙∶
石膏
细砂岩 20.8 14 42.0 0.19 6∶5∶5
砾岩 12.6 8 80.6 0.36 8∶6∶4
砂质泥岩 15.3 10 32.7 0.15 8∶8∶2
粉砂岩 11.8 8 20.9 0.10 7∶5∶5
煤层 煤层 6 4 15.3 0.07 30∶1∶0.8∶1∶1 石英砂∶
石蜡∶液压油∶
碳酸钙∶凡士林
底板 泥岩 14.6 10 93.8 0.42 12∶1.8∶0.7∶1.2∶0.6
砂质泥岩 10.7 7 75.1 0.33 14∶1.6∶0.7∶1.2∶0.7
中砂岩 13.2 8 39.7 0.18 18∶0.8∶0.6∶1.2∶0.8
粉砂岩 11.1 7 28.6 0.13 18∶1∶0.7∶1.2∶0.9
断层 充填物 5.6 4 1∶1.2∶0.3 碎石∶河沙∶黏土
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基于灰色关联分析的断层突水阶段化感知方法
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孙文斌 1 , 张纪扬 1 , 王晓 1 , 杨辉 1 , 樊建聪 2 , ABDUMALIK Olimov 3
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(7): 63-70
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(7): 63-70
基于灰色关联分析的断层突水阶段化感知方法
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孙文斌1 , 张纪扬1, 王晓1, 杨辉1, 樊建聪2, ABDUMALIK Olimov3
作者信息
  • 1 山东科技大学 能源与矿业工程学院,山东 青岛 266590
  • 2 山东科技大学 计算机科学与工程学院,山东 青岛 266590
  • 3 塔吉克斯坦冶金学院 地质与油气工程系,塔吉克斯坦 苦盏 735730
  • 孙文斌 (1981—),男,山东郓城人,博士,教授,博士生导师,泰山学者青年专家,主要从事矿山灾变演化智能识别等方面的研究。E-mail:

    樊建聪 教授;

    ABDUMALIK Olimov 教授

Staged sensing method of fault sudden water based on gray correlation analysis
Wenbin SUN1 , Jiyang ZHANG1, Xiao WANG1, Hui YANG1, Jiancong FAN2, Olimov ABDUMALIK3
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Energy and Mining Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao Shandong 266590,China
  • 2 College of Computer Science and Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao Shandong 266590,China
  • 3 Department of Geology and Oil and Gas Works,Mining-metallurgy Institute of Tajikistan,Sugd 735730,Tajikistan
出版时间: 2024-07-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.2086
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为提升煤矿断层水害感知水平,提出一种以断层活化演变机制和关键控制因素识别的断层突水阶段化感知方法,通过断层突水演化过程相似模拟试验研究工作面底板与断层破坏的演化特征,以底板破坏带应力、断层裂隙带应力、导水通道内水压等为阶段监测参数,揭示各监测参数与涌水量变化的阶段特征;结合灰色关联性分析法,判定断层突水阶段转化的关键控制因素,进而根据断层突水分析与研究过程,提出断层突水阶段化感知方法。结果表明:底板破坏带、断层裂隙带的应力,导水通道内的水压等监测参数的数值变化特征在断层活化突水过程中呈现出明显的阶段特征,控制因素与涌水量的灰色关联度排序为:底板破坏带应力>断层裂隙带应力>导水通道水压,通过对关键控制因素的识别,可实现断层突水阶段的感知,揭示基于灰色关联分析的感知方法在原理上具备可行性。

灰色关联性分析  /  断层突水  /  阶段化感知  /  关键控制因素  /  相似模拟试验

In order to improve the perception level of fault water damage in coal mine,a fault water inrush stage sensing method based on fault activation evolution mechanism and key control factors was proposed. The evolution characteristics of working face floor and fault failure were studied through similar simulation tests of fault water inrush evolution process. The stage characteristics of monitoring parameters and the change of water inflow were revealed by taking the stress in the failure zone of floor,the stress in the fracture zone of fault and the water pressure in the water channel as the stage monitoring parameters. The key controlling factors of water inrush phase transformation were determined by grey correlation analysis method. Then,according to the fault water inrush analysis and research process,the fault water inrush stage perception method was proposed. The study determines that the numerical variation characteristics of monitoring parameters such as stress of floor failure zone,fault fracture zone and water pressure in water channel show obvious stage characteristics during fault activation water inrush. The order of grey correlation degree between control factors and water inflow is as follows: stress in floor failure zone > stress in fault fracture zone > water pressure in water channel,through identification of key control factors. Through the identification of key control factors,the perception of fault water inrush stage can be realized,and the perception method based on grey correlation analysis is feasible in principle.

grey correlation degree analysis method  /  fault water inrush  /  staged perception  /  key controlling factors  /  similar simulation tests
孙文斌, 张纪扬, 王晓, 杨辉, 樊建聪, ABDUMALIK Olimov. 基于灰色关联分析的断层突水阶段化感知方法. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (7) : 63 -70 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.2086
Wenbin SUN, Jiyang ZHANG, Xiao WANG, Hui YANG, Jiancong FAN, Olimov ABDUMALIK. Staged sensing method of fault sudden water based on gray correlation analysis[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (7) : 63 -70 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.2086
煤矿的智能化建设是支撑煤炭工业转型升级和高质量发展的核心,但我国的煤炭智能化体系发展仍处于初级阶段[1-2],2020年2月国家发展改革委、国家能源局等八部委联合印发《关于加快煤矿智能化发展的指导意见》,将重大危险源智能感知与预警作为重点突破的主要任务之一。
针对断层突水问题,众多学者从突水发育过程出发,研究了开采扰动条件下的底板破坏、断层活化、导水裂隙侵蚀问题。如李利平等[3]通过模拟不同形态断层的突水过程,研究了突水通道形成过程中岩体应力、渗流、损伤场的耦合效应;翟成[4]研究了煤炭采出后的底板应力分布特征,总结了底板岩体的破坏方式;张士川[5]基于底板裂隙扩展演化特征将工作面开采过程底板划分为4个特征区域;宋文成等[6]通过底板突水相似模拟试验,阐释了底板岩体破裂和渗流变化的特征;施龙青[7]分析了断层滑移的垂向与水平应力作用,求出了采动断层活化的力学判据公式;卜万奎[8]分析了含水层与底板间的连通裂隙出口处的水压力、隙宽和裂隙单宽流量的演化特征;王进尚等[9]根据采场底板破坏与承压水递进导升协同突水机制,研究了采动影响下的岩石裂隙发育特征,将隐伏断层底板突水过程划分为4个阶段;孙文斌等[10]根据采动底板突水模拟试验系统,研究了突水演变全过程中的应力、水压等参数的演变特征,将断层突水过程划分为3个灾变演化阶段。在煤矿灾害危险性评价方面,灰色关联分析法可动态分析少样本、非典型分布数据,且具有计算量小、准确性高的特点,在煤矿灰色系统中,能够解决多个灾害指标之间的影响因素不确定性问题[11-12]。鲁锦涛等[13]以瓦斯突出危险性评价为例,采用灰色关联分析模型,研究了煤与瓦斯突出敏感指标关联性与敏感指标危险影响序列;徐爽等[14]根据冀中能源股份有限公司显德汪矿1193工作面实际情况,利用灰色关联度分析法开展煤层底板危险性评价。
目前在断层水害防治方面主要集中在充水水源、导水通道的探查技术创新和预测预报理论研究上[15],没有有机结合突水演化过程中的控制因素感知与突水阶段特征,在突水阶段破坏特征与控制因素关联性上的分析仍有不足。鉴于此,笔者拟以淄博济北矿区某矿2312工作面为背景,根据断层突水灾变“三阶段”演化理论,采用相似模拟试验研究断层突水演化阶段的控制因素阶段特征,通过灰色关联分析法研究控制因素与破坏特征间的关联度,并以此提出断层突水阶段化感知方法及步骤,以期为提升断层水害感知水平提供参考依据。
根据采动影响下底板裂隙拓展演化特征、断层活化机制及导通裂隙渗流作用选取底板破坏带应力、断层裂隙带应力、导水通道内水压为阶段监测参数,并通过工作面涌水量表征突水破坏情况。
济北矿区某矿具有采深大、断层构造复杂、含水层水压大等特点,受断层活化突水威胁较大。区内地形起伏不平,地势南高北低,西高东低,总体西南高、东北低。地面高程在+506.2~+229.3m,相对高差276.9m,平均坡度约3°46'。矿区主要突水水源为煤层顶底板砂岩水、奥灰水、断层水。主要断层构造情况见表1
根据2312工作面附近钻孔所揭露的岩层结构,绘制岩层综合柱状图,如图1所示。其中,据现场实际地质资料,断层为导水断层,断层充填物质地疏松,颗粒较大。
断层突水演化过程相似模拟试验通过断层突水相似模拟试验系统开展,如图2所示。
该系统最大模型尺寸为120cm×40cm×800cm(长×宽×高);可实现最大1MPa的垂向载荷加载,精度为0.01MPa;水平方向可实现分级独立加载功能,模拟不同深度下的应力梯度;水压加载系统最大模拟水压值为5MPa,精度为0.01MPa。在设定的模拟水压条件下,突水水压控制系统自动调节出水口水压。突水流量监测装置可实时监测突水孔流量、水压等参数。
根据济北矿区某矿2312工作面地质资料与岩层属性建立模型,煤层埋深为600m,煤层厚度为6m,断层为倾角60°、水平宽度6m、落差10m的正断层。模拟几何相似比为150,应力相似比为225,容重相似比为1.5,时间相似比100。根据煤矿地质资料上覆岩层以砂岩及砾岩为主,因此,地层平均容重取25 kN/m3,模型垂直方向上施加补偿均布载荷为7×10-2MPa,模型底板模拟承压水水压为3×10-2MPa。顶板岩层选用普通材料,煤层及底板岩层选用非亲水流-固耦合材料,断层带充填物为0.5~1cm的砂岩碎石颗粒及少量的大粒径河沙颗粒混合制成,岩层性质及模拟材料配比,见表2
根据前人相关研究,底板破坏带和断层裂隙带的形成和对接位置大致位于保护煤柱下方和断层上盘岩层中[11],因此,在开展相似模拟时,在区域内布设水压、应力传感器以监测该区域内的应力集中和承压水导升情况,其中,A1—D1传感器用于采集断层附近的水压变化情况,其他10个传感器用于采集应力信息,各传感器左右距离均为10cm,垂直距离上A组传感器与模型底部相差9cm,B组与A组相差6cm,C组与B组相差4cm,D组与C组相差6cm。模型传感器布设如图3所示。
试验台铺设过程中前、后、左、右4面均为封闭边界,由于2312工作面为承压水上开采,因此,根据相似比设定含水层模拟装置水压,模拟承压水含水层,岩层底板使用非亲水材料模拟隔水层,承压水主要通过试验模拟的采动裂隙从工作面涌出,试验中,完成每步开挖后,记录一次入水口流量及突涌水流量,计算出模型中含水量,单位时间间隔后,并计算出模型涌水量。
Q l 1 - Q y 1 = Q m
Q y 2 - Q m = Q y
式中: Q l 1为开挖后初次入水量; Q y 1为开挖后初次涌水量;Qm为模型含水量; Q y 2为单位间隔内的入水量;Qy为模型涌水量。
根据《煤矿防治水细则》的规定和几何相似比留设30cm的安全煤柱,在常温条件下将模型养护10天后进行开挖。从开切眼由左至右开采,每步开采5cm,开挖频率为30min一次,共开采50cm,开采过程中各传感器数据如图4图5所示。
煤层开挖至5cm处,工作面出现底板涌水,底板破坏带发育区中靠近工作面的区域最先出现应力变化;断层裂隙带发育区的B2位置较B3应力变化更为明显,这表明该区域除了受采动影响外,还受到断层裂隙发育的影响,A2、A3位置较工作面距离较远,应力未发生明显变化。煤层开挖5~35cm过程中,工作面涌水量平稳上升,从工作面推进初期水压值来看:A1>B1>C1>D1,与传感器距离含水层位置排序一致,A1在工作面推进至25cm处时,水压值出现变化,这与该传感器位置最靠近含水层,受承压水导升影响有关,C1传感器示数在工作面推进至30cm处时,水压值开始升高,这表明A1、C1位置处断层内部发生活化,该阶段中承压水对裂隙的侵蚀扩展作用明显,B1、D1处水压值无明显变化,表明该位置断层无明显破坏,承压水导升时未发生集中;底板破坏带发育区与断层裂隙带发育区应力持续平稳变化,底板破坏带沿煤层开挖方向发育,断层裂隙带向煤层开挖方向拓展。煤层开挖35~45cm过程中,工作面涌水量经历2个快速上升过程,A1、C1、B1、D1位置水压值均出现先升后降的过程,这反映了水压对导水通道形成的影响;底板破坏带发育区与断层裂隙带发育区各位置应力经历急剧变化过程,该过程中底板破坏带—断层裂隙带通道贯通。煤层开挖45~50cm过程中,工作面涌水量达到峰值后缓慢下降,这主要受导水通道形成过程中的水压值释放影响,受试验台应力持续加载作用,各区域应力继续变化,导水通道继续扩展。
断层突水阶段演化过程模拟试验结果表明:底板破坏带应力、断层裂隙带应力、导水通道内水压在涌水量上升过程中具有阶段特征,因此,将其定义为突水阶段转化的控制因素。
灰色关联性分析通过定量化分析系统的动态发展过程,进行系统中相关参数的关系比较,进而得到各影响因素间关联度大小的一种定量表征方法,各影响因素间关系越密切,其灰色关联度就越大[14]。由此可以通过灰色关联性分析对开采扰动下底板破坏带-断层裂隙带附近应力、导水通道内水压与涌水量关系,定量表征各影响因素与断层突水的相关性强弱。
比较各影响因素间关联度,首先应用均值化方法无量纲处理不同量纲的水害影响参数。
$X_i(k)=\frac{x_i(k)}{\frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^m x_i(k)}$
式中:xi (k)为原始序列,当i=0时,x0 (k)为母序列;当i=1,2,…,m时, xi (k)为特征序列;Xi (k)为均值化处理后的数据序列;k为评价指标。
$ \begin{aligned} & \xi_i(k)= \\ & \frac{\min _i \min _k\left|x_0(k)-x_i(k)\right|+\rho \max _i \max _k\left|x_0(k)-x_i(k)\right|}{\left|x_0(k)-x_i(k)\right|+\rho \max _i \max _k\left|x_0(k)-x_i(k)\right|} \end{aligned} $
式中:ρ为分辨系数,通常取0.5;∣x0 (k)- xi (k)∣为母序列与第i个特征序列对应于第k个评价指标的绝对值。
$R_{i}=\frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} \xi_{i}(k)$
式中Ri为灰色关联度。
开采扰动影响下底板岩层各区域应力及水压与底板涌水量间的灰色关联系数演化曲线如图6图7所示。
煤层开挖至5cm处,工作面出现涌水,此时开始分析涌水量与应力、水压间的灰色关联性。煤层开挖5~35cm过程中,底板破坏区域与断层裂隙区域逐渐发育形成,对涌水量上升起主导作用,应力的灰色关联系数处于较高水平;底板破坏带发育区中靠近工作面的C4、D4位置处灰色关联系数较高,受断层构造影响C2、D2位置的灰色关联系数高于C3、D3,断层裂隙带发育区的B2位置与涌水量灰色关联系数也高于B3位置,A2位置的原生通道在该阶段受到挤压作用,与涌水量间的关联性较低;由于承压水在底板破坏带及断层裂隙带中的导升作用,水压与涌水量关联性逐步上升。煤层开挖35~45cm过程中,水压与涌水量关联系数上升至最高后快速下降,其中,开挖35~42.5cm水压关联系数上升明显主要反映水压对导水通道的扩展作用,开挖42.5~45cm水压关联系数下降是由于导水通道形成后承压水的冲刷侵蚀作用降低导致;应力关联系数先波动后下降,其中,应力与涌水量关联系数的波动反映了底板破坏带与断层裂隙带对接前的相互影响作用,关联系数的下降反映了底板破坏带与断层裂隙带完成对接。煤层开挖45~50cm过程中,水压经上一阶段释放后恢复稳态,与涌水量关联度上升;C3、C4、D2位置裂隙继续变化,其应力与涌水量间关联度上升,其余位置关联系数均降低。
根据岩层应力、水压演化特征及灰色关联性分析结果,并参考断层活化突水过程中关联系数大小及空间位置,以C4、D3、D4位置应力为底板破坏带发育控制因素,B2、C2、D2位置应力为断层裂隙带发育控制因素,C1位置水压为导水通道贯通控制因素。为进一步定量表征各控制因素在不同阶段中的关联性,全程及各阶段控制因素的灰色关联度情况如图8所示。
图8可知:各影响因素与工作面涌水量的关联度顺序为:底板破坏区应力>断层裂隙带应力>导水通道水压。就水害发育各阶段而言,底板破坏带形成阶段,底板破坏区、断层裂隙拓展区与工作面涌水量关联性较为显著;断层构造活化阶段,导水通道内水压对涌水量上升作用明显,工作面涌水量与底板破坏区应力关联性较高;导水通道贯通阶段,导水通道内水压、贯通区域应力与涌水量关系最为密切。
根据煤层底板破坏深度计算公式结合底板破坏区域分布特征确定底板破坏区应力监测范围。根据煤层底板破坏深度计算公式[16],可发现试验所布设的应力及水压传感器均位于底板破坏深度以内,因此,所取得数值符合底板破坏特征,能够表征断层活化突水演化过程。通过对煤矿断层突水阶段转化的关键控制因素的灰色关联性分析,底板破坏带-断层裂隙带区域应力、导水通道内水压与突水阶段转化有显著的关联性。开展底板破坏区、断层裂隙带的应力与导水通道水压监测,可实现断层突水阶段转化条件的识别。
通过分析总结断层突水演化机制,以底板破坏带应力、断层裂隙带应力、导水通道内水压为阶段监测参数,开展采动煤层底板突水相似模拟试验,发现监测参数与工作面涌水量的阶段变化存在对应关系,因此,将以上监测参数视为突水阶段转化条件的控制因素,通过关联性分析控制因素与涌水量变化,识别出突水阶段的关键控制因素,进而对突水关键因素开展监测,实现断层突水阶段的阶段化感知,具体实现过程如图9所示。
1) 在以济北矿区某矿2312工作面为工程背景的采动煤层底板突水相似模拟试验中,所监测参数具有明显的阶段特征,验证了将底板破坏带应力、断层裂隙带应力、导水通道内水压视为阶段转化的控制因素的可能性,明确了断层突水演化过程中破坏区域和阶段转化指标,为该工作面开展断层突水监测及优化防治措施提供参考。
2) 通过灰色关联性分析法得出断层突水各阶段控制因素与工作面涌水量间的关联度大小,明确各突水阶段的关键因素,对于断层突水全过程来说,控制因素与涌水量关联度大小为:底板破坏区应力>断层裂隙带应力>导水通道水压,实现了破坏特征与控制因素关联性的分析。
3) 针对断层突水阶段控制因素,结合断层突水发育机制,进行底板破坏范围内的突水关键控制因素的监测,实现断层突水阶段转化条件的识别。
4) 根据试验结果及断层突水演化机制,提出针对阶段转化关键控制因素监测的断层突水阶段化感知方法。结合水文地质条件的现场实测、相似模拟与数值模拟等研究方法,开展多类型控制因素与阶段特征的关联性分析,将在未来对不同条件下的矿井断层突水预测与防治提供参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(52274131)
  • 泰山学者工程专项经费项目(tsqn202211152)
  • 陕西省煤矿水害防治技术重点实验室开放基金资助(2021SKZD02)
  • 煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室开放基金资助(2021-CMCU-KF017)
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2024年第34卷第7期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.2086
  • 接收时间:2024-01-12
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-12
  • 修回日期:2024-04-15
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(52274131)
泰山学者工程专项经费项目(tsqn202211152)
陕西省煤矿水害防治技术重点实验室开放基金资助(2021SKZD02)
煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室开放基金资助(2021-CMCU-KF017)
作者信息
    1 山东科技大学 能源与矿业工程学院,山东 青岛 266590
    2 山东科技大学 计算机科学与工程学院,山东 青岛 266590
    3 塔吉克斯坦冶金学院 地质与油气工程系,塔吉克斯坦 苦盏 735730
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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