Article(id=1149738768707535027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738762382524507, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)07-0139-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.2028, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705248000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-15, revisedDate=1713888000000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752048683573, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1722096000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752048683573, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752048683573, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752048683573, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149738762382524507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752048682065, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757316437713, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1171833331021824745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738762382524507, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1171833331021824746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738762382524507, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=139, endPage=146, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149738768946610369, articleId=1149738768707535027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Crane danger zone intrusion warning based on computer vision, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the complex scenarios of identifying danger zones in tower crane operations during construction,an early warning method of tower crane danger zone was proposed using computer vision technology. This method combined dynamic determination of tower crane danger zones with computer vision to detect personnel wearing situations of safety helmets and safety belt at the construction site and the inadvertent intrusion beneath the tower crane. Additionally,the YOLOv5 algorithm was adapted with attention models,and interactive window detection software was developed. Results indicate that the recognition accuracy of this model for human intrusion behavior and personal protective equipment exceeds 85%,demonstrating high precision. This method can be effectively applied in tower crane construction scenarios,optimizing fixed danger zone delineation to dynamic tower crane danger zones,and providing real-time monitoring of inadvertent personnel intrusion with warnings.

, correspAuthors=Hua LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lizhou WU, Hua LI, Dianbin LI, Yujin WU, Panwang LIU, Xicheng XUE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149738783123358577, articleId=1149738768707535027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=基于计算机视觉的塔吊危险区域入侵预警, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决建筑施工中塔吊作业存在的危险区域识别场景复杂的问题,利用计算机视觉技术,提出一种塔吊危险区域入侵预警方法。该方法结合塔吊危险区域动态判定和计算机视觉检测施工现场人员安全帽、安全带佩戴情况以及塔吊下方人员意外入侵,同时,在YOLOv5算法基础上修改注意力模型,并开发窗口交互式检测软件。结果表明:人的入侵行为和安全防护装备在模型中的识别准确率均达85%以上,具有较高准确度。该方法可在塔吊施工场景下进行有效应用,将塔吊固定式危险区域划分为动态塔吊危险区域,并实时监测人员意外入侵及预警。

, correspAuthors=李华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 李华(1979—),女,陕西西安人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事企业风险评估与安全管理、建筑安全监测与监控、公共安全与应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:
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吴立舟 (2000—),男,陕西汉中人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为智能施工与安全管理、计算机视觉和无人机视觉。E-mail:

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吴立舟 (2000—),男,陕西汉中人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为智能施工与安全管理、计算机视觉和无人机视觉。E-mail:

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吴立舟 (2000—),男,陕西汉中人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为智能施工与安全管理、计算机视觉和无人机视觉。E-mail:

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journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738768707535027, language=CN, label=图2, caption=危险区域划分原理

注:θ为最大允许摆动角度,取5°;H为塔吊的安装高度,m;R1为通过正切运算得到的吊物影响半径,m;r为吊物的半径,m;R2为在考虑质心的前提下,增加吊物半径以更真实地表达危险区域的半径,m。

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Rules for demarcating dangerous areas of tower cranes at this stage

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危险源 划分规则
塔吊 旋转状态时,机身为圆心、悬臂长为半径的圆形范围(悬臂工作平面)
悬吊状态时,悬吊物外扩2 m
吊钩垂直投影为圆心,5 m半径范围内
), ArticleFig(id=1168186615278089135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738768707535027, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

现阶段塔吊危险区域划定规则[4]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
危险源 划分规则
塔吊 旋转状态时,机身为圆心、悬臂长为半径的圆形范围(悬臂工作平面)
悬吊状态时,悬吊物外扩2 m
吊钩垂直投影为圆心,5 m半径范围内
), ArticleFig(id=1168186615357780912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738768707535027, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

200th round of fitting results of five training methods

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训练方法 P R mAP@
0.5
mAP@
0.5∶
0.95
模型
内存/
MB
运算
时间/
h
YOLOv5 0.83 0.83 0.86 0.63 13.7 6.15
YOLOv5-CA 0.84 0.82 0.85 0.62 15.2 6.35
YOLOv5-CBAM 0.85 0.81 0.86 0.62 14.7 6.53
YOLOv5-ECA 0.83 0.82 0.85 0.61 13.7 6.30
YOLOv5-SE 0.83 0.82 0.85 0.61 14.7 6.60
), ArticleFig(id=1168186615445861297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738768707535027, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

5种训练方法第200轮拟合结果

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训练方法 P R mAP@
0.5
mAP@
0.5∶
0.95
模型
内存/
MB
运算
时间/
h
YOLOv5 0.83 0.83 0.86 0.63 13.7 6.15
YOLOv5-CA 0.84 0.82 0.85 0.62 15.2 6.35
YOLOv5-CBAM 0.85 0.81 0.86 0.62 14.7 6.53
YOLOv5-ECA 0.83 0.82 0.85 0.61 13.7 6.30
YOLOv5-SE 0.83 0.82 0.85 0.61 14.7 6.60
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基于计算机视觉的塔吊危险区域入侵预警
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吴立舟 1 , 李华 1, ** , 李典斌 2 , 吴昱锦 3 , 刘攀旺 4 , 薛曦澄 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(7): 139-146
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(7): 139-146
基于计算机视觉的塔吊危险区域入侵预警
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吴立舟1 , 李华1, ** , 李典斌2, 吴昱锦3, 刘攀旺4, 薛曦澄1
作者信息
  • 1 西安建筑科技大学 资源工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
  • 2 广州中海达卫星导航技术股份有限公司,广东 广州 511400
  • 3 中建三局集团北京有限公司,河北 廊坊 065000
  • 4 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 西北分公司,陕西 西安 710075
  • 吴立舟 (2000—),男,陕西汉中人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为智能施工与安全管理、计算机视觉和无人机视觉。E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 李华(1979—),女,陕西西安人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事企业风险评估与安全管理、建筑安全监测与监控、公共安全与应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:
Crane danger zone intrusion warning based on computer vision
Lizhou WU1 , Hua LI1, ** , Dianbin LI2, Yujin WU3, Panwang LIU4, Xicheng XUE1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Resources Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an Shaanxi 710055,China
  • 2 Guangzhou Zhonghaida Satellite Navigation Technology Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou Guangdong 511400,China
  • 3 China Construction Third Bureau Group Beijing Co.,Ltd.,Langfang Hebei 065000,China
  • 4 Northwest Branch,China Construction Eighth Engineering Bureau Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an Shaanxi 710075,China
出版时间: 2024-07-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.2028
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为解决建筑施工中塔吊作业存在的危险区域识别场景复杂的问题,利用计算机视觉技术,提出一种塔吊危险区域入侵预警方法。该方法结合塔吊危险区域动态判定和计算机视觉检测施工现场人员安全帽、安全带佩戴情况以及塔吊下方人员意外入侵,同时,在YOLOv5算法基础上修改注意力模型,并开发窗口交互式检测软件。结果表明:人的入侵行为和安全防护装备在模型中的识别准确率均达85%以上,具有较高准确度。该方法可在塔吊施工场景下进行有效应用,将塔吊固定式危险区域划分为动态塔吊危险区域,并实时监测人员意外入侵及预警。

计算机视觉  /  塔吊危险区域  /  入侵预警  /  YOLOv5  /  安全管理

To address the complex scenarios of identifying danger zones in tower crane operations during construction,an early warning method of tower crane danger zone was proposed using computer vision technology. This method combined dynamic determination of tower crane danger zones with computer vision to detect personnel wearing situations of safety helmets and safety belt at the construction site and the inadvertent intrusion beneath the tower crane. Additionally,the YOLOv5 algorithm was adapted with attention models,and interactive window detection software was developed. Results indicate that the recognition accuracy of this model for human intrusion behavior and personal protective equipment exceeds 85%,demonstrating high precision. This method can be effectively applied in tower crane construction scenarios,optimizing fixed danger zone delineation to dynamic tower crane danger zones,and providing real-time monitoring of inadvertent personnel intrusion with warnings.

computer vision  /  tower crane danger zone  /  intrusion warning  /  YOLOv5  /  safety management
吴立舟, 李华, 李典斌, 吴昱锦, 刘攀旺, 薛曦澄. 基于计算机视觉的塔吊危险区域入侵预警. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (7) : 139 -146 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.2028
Lizhou WU, Hua LI, Dianbin LI, Yujin WU, Panwang LIU, Xicheng XUE. Crane danger zone intrusion warning based on computer vision[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (7) : 139 -146 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.2028
建筑业是我国支柱产业之一,在推动国家经济快速发展方面发挥着关键作用。塔吊作业是建筑工程的重要组成部分,承担着重大责任。然而,由于其特殊性质,如高空作业和复杂操作环境,塔吊作业也成为建筑行业中生产安全事故风险较高的领域之一[1]
近年来,建筑业普遍采用预制和模块化结构,使得塔吊在面对更大、更重的任务时,安全性和作业风险备受关注。特别是在大型和高层建筑施工中,塔吊的重要性日益凸显[2]。段品生等[3]提出一种考虑安全风险的建筑工人运动风格刻画方法,用于评估塔吊作业可能的起重伤害,确立包括风险区接近速度、风险区停留时间和风险区接近距离等3种特征参数;王伟等[4]结合危害因素评估法、建筑信息模型技术和机器视觉技术,建立建筑施工现场危险区域的实时预警模型,并在工程实例中进行验证;张充等[5]考虑塔吊核心要素的影响,静态划分危险区域。目前,塔吊危险区域判定主要采用固定式检查表,但实质上仍采用固定式危险区域。当前塔吊危险区域的检测主要依赖传统手段,包括人员巡检、信号工指挥和塔吊司机目视观察[6]。然而,这些方法存在局限性,如人工巡检难以覆盖所有区域、信号工受到环境限制、塔吊司机视野受限。计算机视觉技术的引入为起重作业安全提供新的可能性[7]。李华等[8]提出一种结合计算机视觉的高处临边安全防护装备巡检方法,以检测人员安全防护装备的佩戴情况。可以看出,计算机视觉在解决施工现场安全问题上具有重要优势。
鉴于此,笔者在利用计算机视觉技术设计塔吊危险区域人员入侵预警系统,通过分析塔吊作业中的风险,解决现有危险区域判定不准确和实时监测需求增加的问题,以期提高建筑施工安全管理效率和预防事故发生。
近年来,我国建筑行业安全事故频发,主要包括高处坠落、物体打击和起重伤害。塔吊作业因其特殊性质成为高风险领域之一[9],必须强调人员佩戴个人防护装备,如安全帽和反光背心,以降低意外伤害风险。
为提高塔吊作业安全性,引入智能识别预警系统,通过图像获取、智能识别、坐标预警等技术实现对危险区域的精准监测和实时预警。笔者利用高清摄像头监测塔吊危险区域,将图像传输至中央处理系统。中央系统通过智能识别分析图像,实现对危险区域人员和潜在风险的早期预警。建立坐标预警系统获取监测人员准确坐标信息,一旦发现人员进入危险区域,系统立即发出警报,提高安全管理响应速度。整个系统有机结合了图像获取、智能识别和坐标预警技术,形成全面的智能监测系统,实现对危险情况的实时响应。相较传统监测手段,该系统具有自动化、目标识别、实时性、学习能力和实时反馈等优势,更有效地保障塔吊作业安全。
现阶段塔吊危险区域划定规则见表1。当前的塔吊危险区域划分方案主要考虑到机身、悬臂和吊钩等核心要素[5]
施工现场塔吊布置如图1所示。当前的危险区域划分规则采用固定半径可能无法充分考虑各种悬吊物体的尺寸和形状差异,存在潜在的安全隐患。对所有吊物都采用外扩2m的设定可能过于一刀切,不同吊物在外扩时的动态影响可能各异。传统的静态危险区域划分只考虑塔吊吊臂半径,存在弊端。如吊物在运动中的外扩范围可能随形状和摆动变化,而当前划分无法灵活应对这些变化。
为解决上述问题,引入动态危险区域划分,考虑塔吊、悬吊物体等的实时状态变得尤为重要。通过实时监测系统获取数据,动态调整危险区域边界,确保有效覆盖潜在危险区域[10]。加强实时通信和协同控制,保持监测系统与塔吊操作人员的紧密联系。发现危险时,及时向作业人员发出警报,以采取相应安全措施。
在解决塔吊作业中的安全问题,提出一种新的危险区域划分规则,全面考虑各因素对作业安全性的影响。基于3个重要假设:不考虑强风作业、起重载荷的质心与几何中心重合,以及工人随意进入施工现场任何空旷区域,使事故发生的可能性在现场均匀分布。在蒙特卡罗思想的指导下,结合吊物垂直坠落区域、吊物半径、吊钩摆动角度等因素,引入坠落区和缓冲区的概念。危险区域划分原理如图2所示。
R 1 = t a n θ · H
R 2 = R 1 + r
P = 1 d r R 2 - d R 2 - r r d R 2 0 R 2 d
式中d为入侵人员坐在位置距离原点的距离,m。通过分段函数的表达,描述吊物坠落后,人员在危险区域中被砸中的可能性。
新的危险区域规则考虑吊物的垂直坠落区域和吊钩摆动角度,通过蒙特卡罗思想赋予划分更大的随机性和逼真性。实际应用中需要验证和优化规则,以提供更精准、灵活、安全的操作指导,为建筑行业的安全管理和可持续发展作出贡献。
近年来,计算机视觉准确性取得巨大进展,主要得益于一种特殊类型的卷积神经网络算法。其利用卷积、线性单元和池化3种过滤器进行特征提取。YOLOv5是一种卷积神经网络实时目标检测算法,将整个图像划分为固定网格,在每个网格中预测目标的边界框和类别。与传统的两阶段目标检测算法不同,YOLO系列是一种单阶段的目标检测算法,具有更快的检测速度[11]
YOLO系列算法主要使用卷积层、上采样层和下采样层进行图像识别。首先,裁剪输入图片并传入卷积层,分离出待检测的目标。卷积层提取特征并减少感受野,提高检测准确性和速度。其次,进行张量拼接并传入上采样层,进行特征融合和增强语义表达。然后,进行张量拼接并传入下采样层,合并精度和输出识别结果。最后,输出带有识别结果的特征图。
目前,对于YOLOv5的主要优化方式是引入注意力模型,包括挤压-激发网络 (Squeeze-and-Excitation networks,SE)、卷积块注意力模块 (Convolutional Block Attention Module,CBAM)、高效通道关注 (Efficient Channel Attention,ECA)和协调注意力 (Coordinate Attention,CA)。引入注意力模型可提升模型在特定区域的感知能力,从而提高目标检测的准确性。SE注意力模型通过全局平均池化获取整个特征图的全局信息,通过全连接层计算每个通道的权重,用于调整特征图的通道,使得模型更加关注重要的特征。CBAM注意力模型包括通道注意力和空间注意力2个子模块,分别关注通道间的相关性和特征图上的空间位置。ECA注意力模块主要关注通道间的关联性,使用一维的全局平均池化来捕捉通道之间的关系。CA注意力模块则专注于调整特征图的通道,通过学习每个通道的权重[12]
针对河北省廊坊市某建设项目,占地10.87 hm2,包括18栋16~18层住宅、2栋3层商业和1栋3层幼儿园。图1中,16台塔吊覆盖全域面积。数据集包含2 900张照片,是工地现场安全巡检结果,拍摄时间跨度为2023年7—11月,涵盖明亮与昏暗、近景与远景的工地图片。
1) 实时监测系统。实时监测系统包括采集现场数据和工程项目施工计划,实时更新塔吊高度以更新危险区域半径,实现动态划分。针对吊装物体下方的人员意外入侵,检查人员及安全防护装备,如安全帽和反光夹克。利用优化的YOLOv5模型构建数据集,采用高清长焦摄像头覆盖整个作业区域进行图像识别。监测系统流程如图3所示。
2) 入侵预警与目标检测。系统确认人员是否佩戴防护装备,记录佩戴信息,未佩戴则触发预警需进行人员教育。对于未佩戴防护装备的入侵人员,系统记录其信息,用于后续安全教育和管理。利用实时监测系统和动态塔吊危险区域划分规则,监测施工现场吊装作业。系统获取塔吊和悬吊物体状态数据,应用目标检测算法,如YOLOv5,分析实时图像,检测危险区域内是否有人员入侵。若检测到入侵情况,系统触发预警提醒工作人员,同时通过通信方式通知入侵者离开危险区域。入侵判断后,系统再次获取入侵人员的图像,分析是否佩戴必要的防护装备。
这一流程实现了从防护装备的图像识别到动态塔吊危险区域划分再到入侵判断的全面安全管理系统。记录入侵者信息为后续管理和教育提供数据支持。入侵预警与目标检测构建流程如图4所示。
1) 使用Windows 10 64位操作系统,Intel Core i5-10400 F处理器,32 GB内存,RTX-3060(12 GB)图像处理器,TensorFlow框架,Python 3.8编程语言,CUDA 11.6运算平台,并在PyCharm专业版上运行。危险区域监测平台采用PyQt5进行部署。
2) 为评估模型的性能,根据验证集进行验证。验证集由模型的未知数据组成,其中,统计的分类目标分为Positive和Negative。为计算精确率P和召回率R,将真阳性(True Positive,TP)、假阳性(False Positive,FP)和假阴性(False Negative,FN)分别定义为具有默认IoU≥0.6和<0.6的边界框。交并比(Intersection over Union,IoU)是指预测框A和真实框B的交集除以它们的并集,其计算公式如下:
I o U = A B A B
精确率表示预测样本中实际正样本数占所有正样本数的比例。计算公式为:
P = T P T P + F P × 100 %
召回率表示预测样本中实际正样本数占所有预测的样本的比例。计算公式为:
R = T P T P + F N × 100 %
3) 平均精度均值(Average Precision,AP),即每类目标的平均精确度得来。均值平均精度(Mean Average Precision,mAP)是所有类别的平均精度求和除以所有类别。计算公式为:
A P = k = 1 N P ( k ) Δ R ( k )
m A P = 1 n n N A P ( c )
其中,mAP@0.5表示使用IoU为0.5时的平均精度,而mAP@0.5∶0.95则表示在不同IoU阈值范围内的平均mAP。
模型的优化增加了复杂性,不同的注意力模块导致执行时间增加,5种训练方法第200轮拟合结果见表2。随着注意力模块的增加,模型参数数量增加,200轮训练后权重略有增加。
5种模型200轮训练数据结果如图5所示。图5a中,经过200轮优化,改进的YOLO模型提取的数据与人工标注的数据非常接近,每次测试精度都超过80%,显示出较强性能和高准确性。另外,图5b显示召回率超过80%,只有少数漏检。图5c中,经过优化后,YOLOv5模型在作业过程监控方面表现出色,尤其是YOLOv5-CBAM模型改进最为显著。图5d中,CBAM注意力模块在各类别中的准确率提高1.3%。因此,后续测试将基于CBAM注意力模块进行。图5d显示反光衣佩戴情况波动大,安全帽检测相对稳定。主要原因包括:安全帽款式单一、反光背心通常唯一、个体服装差异干扰大。计算机视觉仍能维持较高水平的精度,满足试验需求。
通过工地事故和伤害统计分析,明确主要安全风险和高发事故类型,为预警系统提供基本依据。成功部署人员入侵检测系统,结合实时监测和目标检测算法确保工地施工安全。系统静态图片推理时间在0.1s内,视频检测效果达30帧/s以上,响应延迟30~50 ms。CBAM模型处理效果如图6所示。安全帽检测结果在89%以上,反光背心检测结果在89%以上,符合使用要求。
区域入侵检测系统界面展示如图7所示。目标检测工具包括功能选择、检测结果、区域入侵和检测信息。功能选择包括模型权重和数据源选择。检测结果展示数据源中的检测结果,检测信息实时输出检测结果坐标、精度和类别。开启区域入侵检测后,将统计入侵个数并实时上传系统。区域入侵板块中选择使用鼠标框选危险区域或上传危险区域坐标。工程项目施工计划将根据塔吊危险区域的动态变化进行更新。
文中成功利用高清长焦摄像头安装在起重小车上,覆盖整个作业区域部署实时监测系统。系统动态更新塔吊高度和危险区域半径,实现精准划分,灵活适应施工条件的变化。在入侵判断后,系统获取入侵人员图像,通过图像识别算法关注其头部、身体等区域,确认入侵情况及防护装备佩戴情况。实地应用显示,该系统显著提高工地安全性,预警系统的实时性和准确性帮助工作人员及时采取措施,同时记录入侵者信息,为后续安全管理提供数据支持。
1) 在人员入侵检测系统的设计与实际应用方面取得显著进展。利用TensorFlow和Python构建基于YOLO模型的检测系统。
2) 通过对模型性能和优化的比较评估,发现YOLOv5-CBAM模型在检测精度和性能方面优于其他模型。引入不同注意力模块和模型优化后,该系统在作业过程监控中表现出色,提高检测精度和性能。 3) 系统成功应用于人员入侵预警,实现对施工区域的精准划分,提高适应性。未来的研究方向包括引入更多训练数据、优化算法、拓展对其他安全装备的检测,并结合云端技术实现远程监测和数据管理,不断提升系统的性能和效能。
  • 陕西省建设厅科技发展计划项目(2020-K32)
  • 西安建科大工程技术项目(XAJD-YF23N010)
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2024年第34卷第7期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.2028
  • 接收时间:2024-01-15
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-15
  • 修回日期:2024-04-24
基金
陕西省建设厅科技发展计划项目(2020-K32)
西安建科大工程技术项目(XAJD-YF23N010)
作者信息
    1 西安建筑科技大学 资源工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
    2 广州中海达卫星导航技术股份有限公司,广东 广州 511400
    3 中建三局集团北京有限公司,河北 廊坊 065000
    4 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 西北分公司,陕西 西安 710075

通讯作者:

** 李华(1979—),女,陕西西安人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事企业风险评估与安全管理、建筑安全监测与监控、公共安全与应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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