Article(id=1149738764433539167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738762382524507, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)07-0163-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.0262, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704902400000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-11, revisedDate=1712937600000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752048682554, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1722096000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752048682554, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752048682554, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752048682554, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149738762382524507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752048682065, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757316437713, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1171833331021824745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738762382524507, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1171833331021824746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738762382524507, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=163, endPage=169, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149738764664225888, articleId=1149738764433539167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Fire lane occupancy detection based on multi-scale features, columnId=1149733270084042840, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Public safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To solve the intelligent detection problem of fire lane occupancy warning,a lightweight early warning approach based on YOLOv7 was proposed by introducing the principles of area intrusion. Firstly,a research framework for detecting fire lane area intrusions was devised,utilizing the YOLOv7 model. This was accompanied by the compilation of an image dataset that encompassed fire lanes and vehicle detection,sourced from both field investigations and open datasets. Subsequently,the spatial pyramid pooling's multi-stage partial convolution was substituted with a receptive field block module,and the SimAM attention model was incorporated to enhance the network's capability in multi-scale feature extraction and fusion. Furthermore,the Slim-Neck architecture was implemented to minimize the model's computational requirements and parameter count. The interactive interface was then designed and implemented using PyQt5. The algorithm was subsequently validated in a community located in Xi'an,Shaanxi Province. The results show that the accuracy of the model to identify fire lanes and vehicles is over 80%. Compared with the original model,the improved model reduces the number of parameters by 20.5%,the floating-point calculation by 11.3%,and the detection speed by 42.4% to 48.6 f/s. This promotes the development of intelligent detection technology for fire lane occupancy.

, correspAuthors=Xingrun ZHONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hua LI, Bing CHEN, Lizhou WU, Xingrun ZHONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149738772381745471, articleId=1149738764433539167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=基于多尺度特征的消防车道占用检测, columnId=1149733271510106222, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=公共安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决消防车道占用预警的智能检测问题,引入区域入侵原理,提出基于 YOLOv7 的轻量化消防车道占用预警方法。首先,以YOLOv7模型为基础,构建消防车道区域入侵研究框架,将实地调研与公开数据集相结合,形成包含消防车道与车辆检测的图像数据集;其次,采用感受野块模块替换空间金字塔池化跨阶段部分卷积,同时,添加 SimAM 注意力模型,提高网络多尺度特征提取和融合效果;然后,运用 Slim-Neck 结构减小模型的计算量和参数量;最后,通过 PyQt5 部署交互式界面设计,在陕西省西安市某小区进行实地算法验证。结果表明:模型识别消防车道和车辆的准确率均达到 80%以上;与原模型相比,改进后的模型参数量减少 20.5%,浮点计算量降低 11.3%,检测速度提高 42.4%,达到 48.6 帧/s。

, correspAuthors=钟兴润, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 钟兴润(1984—),女,陕西榆林人,博士,讲师,主要从事土木工程建造与管理、建筑施工安全管理与应急等方面的研究。E-mail:
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李 华 (1979—),女,陕西西安人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事企业风险评估与安全管理、建筑安全监测与监控、公共安全与应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:

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李 华 (1979—),女,陕西西安人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事企业风险评估与安全管理、建筑安全监测与监控、公共安全与应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:

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李 华 (1979—),女,陕西西安人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事企业风险评估与安全管理、建筑安全监测与监控、公共安全与应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:

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occupation detection interactive interface display, figureFileSmall=Cq7gnfm+/XC4KozeHFkXpQ==, figureFileBig=y7E4b+7y4WIJAnRS02FO3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168186566049538654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738764433539167, language=CN, label=图7, caption=消防车道占用检测交互界面展示, figureFileSmall=Cq7gnfm+/XC4KozeHFkXpQ==, figureFileBig=y7E4b+7y4WIJAnRS02FO3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168186566125036127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738764433539167, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Fitting results of five training methods in the 200th training round

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训练方法 P/% R/% mAP@
.5/%
mAP@.5:
.95/%
YOLOv7 92.7 91.6 95.7 76.6
YOLOv7-RFB 93.2 91.3 94.6 77.2
YOLOv7-Slim-Neck 93.1 91.9 96 76.8
YOLOv7-SimAM 93.2 92.1 96.2 78.1
改进YOLOv7 94.5 93.1 97.8 78.7
), ArticleFig(id=1168186566238282336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738764433539167, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

5种训练方法第200轮训练拟合结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
训练方法 P/% R/% mAP@
.5/%
mAP@.5:
.95/%
YOLOv7 92.7 91.6 95.7 76.6
YOLOv7-RFB 93.2 91.3 94.6 77.2
YOLOv7-Slim-Neck 93.1 91.9 96 76.8
YOLOv7-SimAM 93.2 92.1 96.2 78.1
改进YOLOv7 94.5 93.1 97.8 78.7
), ArticleFig(id=1168186566297002593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738764433539167, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Model lightweight results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
训练方法 参数量/
106
浮点运算
数/109
帧/s
YOLOv7 37.2 105.1 34.1
改进YOLOv7 29.6 93.2 48.6
), ArticleFig(id=1168186566397665890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738764433539167, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模型轻量化结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
训练方法 参数量/
106
浮点运算
数/109
帧/s
YOLOv7 37.2 105.1 34.1
改进YOLOv7 29.6 93.2 48.6
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基于多尺度特征的消防车道占用检测
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李华 , 陈兵 , 吴立舟 , 钟兴润 **
中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2024,34(7): 163-169
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中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2024, 34(7): 163-169
基于多尺度特征的消防车道占用检测
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李华 , 陈兵, 吴立舟, 钟兴润**
作者信息
  • 西安建筑科技大学 资源工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
  • 李 华 (1979—),女,陕西西安人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事企业风险评估与安全管理、建筑安全监测与监控、公共安全与应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 钟兴润(1984—),女,陕西榆林人,博士,讲师,主要从事土木工程建造与管理、建筑施工安全管理与应急等方面的研究。E-mail:
Fire lane occupancy detection based on multi-scale features
Hua LI , Bing CHEN, Lizhou WU, Xingrun ZHONG**
Affiliations
  • School of Resources Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an Shaanxi 710055,China
出版时间: 2024-07-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.0262
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为解决消防车道占用预警的智能检测问题,引入区域入侵原理,提出基于 YOLOv7 的轻量化消防车道占用预警方法。首先,以YOLOv7模型为基础,构建消防车道区域入侵研究框架,将实地调研与公开数据集相结合,形成包含消防车道与车辆检测的图像数据集;其次,采用感受野块模块替换空间金字塔池化跨阶段部分卷积,同时,添加 SimAM 注意力模型,提高网络多尺度特征提取和融合效果;然后,运用 Slim-Neck 结构减小模型的计算量和参数量;最后,通过 PyQt5 部署交互式界面设计,在陕西省西安市某小区进行实地算法验证。结果表明:模型识别消防车道和车辆的准确率均达到 80%以上;与原模型相比,改进后的模型参数量减少 20.5%,浮点计算量降低 11.3%,检测速度提高 42.4%,达到 48.6 帧/s。

多尺度特征  /  消防车道  /  占用检测  /  YOLOv7  /  实时监测

To solve the intelligent detection problem of fire lane occupancy warning,a lightweight early warning approach based on YOLOv7 was proposed by introducing the principles of area intrusion. Firstly,a research framework for detecting fire lane area intrusions was devised,utilizing the YOLOv7 model. This was accompanied by the compilation of an image dataset that encompassed fire lanes and vehicle detection,sourced from both field investigations and open datasets. Subsequently,the spatial pyramid pooling's multi-stage partial convolution was substituted with a receptive field block module,and the SimAM attention model was incorporated to enhance the network's capability in multi-scale feature extraction and fusion. Furthermore,the Slim-Neck architecture was implemented to minimize the model's computational requirements and parameter count. The interactive interface was then designed and implemented using PyQt5. The algorithm was subsequently validated in a community located in Xi'an,Shaanxi Province. The results show that the accuracy of the model to identify fire lanes and vehicles is over 80%. Compared with the original model,the improved model reduces the number of parameters by 20.5%,the floating-point calculation by 11.3%,and the detection speed by 42.4% to 48.6 f/s. This promotes the development of intelligent detection technology for fire lane occupancy.

multi-scale features  /  fire lane  /  occupation detection  /  YOLOv7  /  real-time monitoring
李华, 陈兵, 吴立舟, 钟兴润. 基于多尺度特征的消防车道占用检测. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (7) : 163 -169 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.0262
Hua LI, Bing CHEN, Lizhou WU, Xingrun ZHONG. Fire lane occupancy detection based on multi-scale features[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (7) : 163 -169 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.0262
据国家消防救援局统计,2023年上半年,我国共发生居住场所火灾16.7万起,导致682人伤亡。其中,多次出现因消防车道被占用而导致救援延迟的情况,如2019年5月,西安某家属院由于私家车占用消防车道导致救援延误造成2人死亡[1]。研究表明:室内火灾的火焰前锋高度随时间的变化呈现出与时间的平方根成正比的趋势,火焰蔓延速率随高度的增加而加快,同时,稳定燃烧温度也随之升高[2]。消防车道对救援至关重要,但当前违法占用风险高,且人工巡查方式人力耗费大、易漏检且效率低。因此,需采取有效措施强化消防车道管理,确保畅通无阻,为消防救援提供有力保障。
传统的违规停车检测采用地磁技术[3],通过传感器感知磁场变化判断车位占用,但检测范围有限。随着图像处理与计算机视觉技术的发展,智能视频分析系统正成为图像和视频检测领域的重要工具,作用日益突出。丁冰等[4]提出一种基于改进YOLOv3高速公路隧道内停车检测方法,并设置双重速度阈值来判别停车行为;赵逸如等[5]利用语义分割算法划分图像区域,判断车辆是否停在人行道;张鑫等[6]提出一种基于语义分割的方法,通过计算车辆分割图与消防车道分割图的重合率和相对位置关系判断车辆是否占用消防车道;郑雅羽等[7]提出改进实例分割网络的方法,通过优化网络结构和融合策略,实现对车辆和可停区域的精确检测,以判断车辆是否违停。尽管现有研究在车辆违停判别上取得了一定成果,但仍存在计算复杂、实时性不足及对复杂环境适应性差等问题。
鉴于此,笔者拟通过轻量级机器学习算法和计算机视觉技术,设计一套消防车道占用的实时智能检测与预警系统,运用计算机视觉技术进行实时图像监测和车辆占用预警,以实现对消防车道情况的实时监测与快速响应,以期提高消防车道管理效率。
《建筑设计防火规范(2018年版)》(GB 50016—2014)规定,民用建筑周围应设消防车道,并与外部道路相连。街区内的道路规划需考虑消防车通行,道路中心线间距不宜超160m。对于建筑物沿街道的长度,如单侧长度(a)超过150 m,或相邻2段长度之和(a+b)超过220 m,或3段相连的总长度(a+b+c)超过220 m时,均须设置供消防车穿越的通道。同时,通道出入口路面应施划禁停标线,确保消防车道畅通无阻。民用建筑消防车道设置如图1所示。
鉴于当前管理手段如人工巡查、传统监控摄像头及地磁传感器存在的局限性,引入新技术以提升管理效率与精度的紧迫性。
笔者将深入聚焦智能消防车道监控与预警的设计,特别是引入区域入侵思想以增强安全预警能力。该系统集成高清摄像头与图像处理技术,实现对消防车道区域的自动化、智能化监控。系统首先定义并划定消防车道的专属区域,即“保护区域”。通过高清摄像头实时捕获车道及其周边区域的图像,运用图像识别与区域入侵检测算法,系统能够精确识别并分析任何未经许可进入或停留于该区域的车辆,即判定为占用行为。一旦检测到占用行为,立即触发预警机制,显示出占用车辆的具体位置和数量,制止非法占用,恢复消防车道的畅通无阻。
YOLO v7是单阶段目标检测算法 YOLO系列的第7代版本[8]。其网络架构由输入端、骨干网络、颈部网络和头部网络组成。这些部分分别负责数据预处理、特征提取、特征融合和检测结果输出。虽然YOLOv7在精度和速度间取得平衡,但由于其网络层数多、参数量大且包含大量普通卷积,导致内存消耗较大。为提高检测效率和速度,需要轻量化改进模型。
改进YOLOv7网络结构如图2所示。经过改良的YOLOv7模型主要包括核心特征提取网络和特征整合颈部网络。
1) 多尺度特征融合。感受野模块(Receptive Field Block,RFB)模拟人类视觉感受野机制,通过应用不同尺寸的卷积核捕捉和提取多尺度信息,实现更有效的多尺度特征融合。
2) Slim-Neck 结构轻量化颈部。采用体积导向全局空间卷积和群组洗牌卷积组成的Slim-Neck结构,能够与多尺度特征提取技术融合,使得模型能够在不同尺度上捕捉目标的丰富信息。既降低时间复杂度又保持较高检测精度。
3) 基于相似性的注意力模型(Similarity-based Attention Module,SimAM)。消防车道特征因磨损而不明显,易导致漏检。同时,模型轻量化会对精度造成影响[9]。SimAM注意力模型结合多尺度特征提取技术使模型能够更加聚焦于关键信息,提高检测的准确性和可靠性。
1) 实时监测系统。为构建监测系统,构建数据集并基于 YOLOv7模型进行优化。为识别机动车辆和非机动车辆入侵的计算机图像,实时监测系统以高清摄像头为基础。监测系统的构建流程如图3所示。
2) 消防车道占用检测预警。利用实时监测系统和消防车道区域划分标准,实时监测消防车道。系统定期获取车道数据,应用YOLOv7模型分析实时图像,检测车辆占用情况。若检测到占用,系统将触发预警报警,并获取占用车辆图像进行分析。此流程实现全面安全管理,记录占用信息为后续管理和教育提供数据支持。消防车道占用检测预警流程如图4所示。
实验操作平台为Windows11系统,中央处理器为Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-12490F,图像处理器为NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060(8 GB),编程语言为Python,深度学习环境版本为cuda 12.0、Pytorch1.12,Tensorflow2.6。在PyCharm社区版运行。可视化平台采用PyQt5进行部署,构建图形用户交互(Graphical User Interface,GUI)界面。
试验用到的数据集分为消防车道和车辆检测2部分,采用实地调研的方式自建消防车道数据集。在陕西省西安市非禁飞区使用无人机舵机拍摄消防车道视频,在拍摄前均已获得管理人员批准。后期通过视频分帧技术和Grid Mask 数据增强策略[10]得到Fire Lane数据集。车辆检测数据集选用公开数据集VisDrone2019。该数据集包含在各种场景、天气和光照条件下,通过不同类型的无人机平台所采集的数据[11],从中挑取6 000张图片。
在进行模型训练时,训练集占80%,测试集占20%,batch-size设为8,图像的输入尺寸为640×640像素,初始学习率设为0.01。
为全面评估模型的性能,选用验证集进行验证,并采用准确率P、召回率R以及平均准确率(mean Average Precision,mAP)作为评价指标;参考参数量和浮点运算数2个指标衡量模型的复杂度。采用帧/s测试模型实时性能。相关计算公式如下:
P = T P T P + F P
R = T P T P + F N
m A P = k = 1 N P ( k ) Δ R ( k ) C
式中:TP为正确检测个数;FP为错误检测个数;FN为检测个数;C为数据集中待检测目标的类别数目;P(k)为同时识别k个样本的数量,准确率的大小;ΔR(k)为检测样本数从k-1到k时召回率的变化。
为准确评估YOLOv7模型与改进版之间的性能差异,在相同训练环境下比较两者差异,确保使用相同的训练数据和测试数据,并训练200 epoch。在原始YOLOv7基础上,逐步引入RFB模块、Slim-Neck结构和SimAM注意力模型进行优化。测试结果显示,改进后YOLOv7 算法的评价指标数据见表1
表1可知:改进算法在精确率、召回率和mAP值上相较于YOLOv7算法,分别实现1.8%、1.5%和2.1%的提升。由表2可知:改进算法在参数量上减少20.5%,浮点运算数降低11.3%,检测速度提高42.4%,达到48.6 帧/s。通常,当模型的检测速度超过25 帧/s,即可视为满足实时检测的要求[12]。因此,改进模型完全能够满足消防车道占用检测任务的实时性需求。
经过200个epoch的训练,改进后的算法在定位损失(Box_Loss)、分类损失(Cls_Loss)和置信度损失(Obj_Loss)上均明显优于原模型。训练损失函数曲线如图5所示。改进算法不仅加速损失函数的收敛速度,还降低收敛时的损失值,从而提高模型训练效率。
在实际场景中,部署所提出的消防车道占用检测系统。该系统结合实时监测和目标检测算法,确保检测的自适应性和准确性。检测系统的实地应用和效果如图6所示,针对车辆及消防车道检测精度普遍在90%以上,图片推理时间在0.08s以内,视频检测速度达到37 帧/s以上。
Python本身不直接支持GUI开发,但凭借其扩展性,支持多种GUI库,其中,PyQt5为高效开发选择[13]。因此,选择PyQt5为软件的GUI开发框架。
检测页面包括功能选择、检测结果展示、车道占用检测和检测信息4个核心部分。在功能选择环节,选择模型训练权重,当检测结果生成后,它们会被清晰地呈现在界面的右端,用户就能够直观地查看和评估检测效果。除检测结果外,实时检测精度也会被同步展示,为用户提供关于模型性能的直接反馈。这种实时的反馈机制有助于用户及时了解模型的运行状态。
在西安某小区部署实时监测系统,使用无人机搭载2 000万像素传感器,稳定悬停于消防车道上空进行实时拍摄。如图7a所示,系统自动识别消防车道区域并进行车辆检测,2种类别的识别精度都在80%以上。启动占用检测功能后,如图7b所示,通过目标检测算法识别并统计消防车道区域内停放的车辆数量,而不检测区域外的车辆。这个过程不仅用于确认是否有车辆占用,并给出占用数量。
1) 引入模块和Slim-Neck结构,增强模型的多尺度特征表示能力的同时减少模型复杂度;引入SimAM注意力模型,减少轻量化对检测精度影响。
2) 对模型性能和优化的比较评估结果显示,优化后的模型消防车道和车辆识别准确率均超过80%;参数量减少20.5%,浮点计算数降低11.3%,检测速度提高42.4%,达到48.6 帧/s。
3) 使用PyQt5部署交互式界面并在陕西省西安市某小区消防车道区域应用。系统识别消防车道区域并进行车辆占用预警。未来研究方向考虑更多应用场景如消防车占用消防车道,拓宽对其他占用车辆种类检测,不断完善系统性能。
  • 陕西省社科界重大理论与现实问题研究联合项目(2023HZ1473)
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.0262
  • 接收时间:2024-01-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-11
  • 修回日期:2024-04-13
基金
陕西省社科界重大理论与现实问题研究联合项目(2023HZ1473)
作者信息
    西安建筑科技大学 资源工程学院,陕西 西安 710055

通讯作者:

** 钟兴润(1984—),女,陕西榆林人,博士,讲师,主要从事土木工程建造与管理、建筑施工安全管理与应急等方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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