Article(id=1149738762860675163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738762382524507, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)07-0001-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.1863, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705161600000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-14, revisedDate=1713628800000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752048682178, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1722096000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752048682178, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752048682178, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752048682178, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149738762382524507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752048682065, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757316437713, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1171833331021824745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738762382524507, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1171833331021824746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738762382524507, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=7, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149738763062001756, articleId=1149738762860675163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=A method to determine distribution of different class objects in process of system fault evolution, columnId=1149735801703023337, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety science theory and safety system science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problem of determining the distribution of different types of objects in system faults,a method to determine the distribution of objects was proposed. Firstly,the characteristics of the system fault evolution process and object distribution were discussed. Secondly,the method flow chart and implementation process were given. Finally,an example was analyzed. The example studied the basic data matrix composed of 6 factors and 50 objects,and the maximum training set cross-correlation was 0.8,the test set cross-correlation was 1,and the optimal object label distribution (object distribution) was obtained. Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of the method were described. The analysis shows that the database for studying the evolution process is the object set. Methods based on UKSR,combined with K-means and mutual information methods,a randomly distributed object label set is constructed,and the criteria for the optimal object label set are proposed. The optimal object label set is determined through a loop when the correlation between object labels and object data is the largest. The label value of objects in the set is the optimal object distribution. The method overcomes the problem of unsupervised learning and nonlinear mapping. It is concluded that the method can classify the measured objects in the system fault evolution process under unsupervised and nonlinear conditions,and the distribution of class labels of all objects with evolution time. The disadvantage is that it can only be used to study the system fault evolution process represented by two-dimensional.

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为解决系统故障中不同类对象的分布确定问题,提出一种对象分布确定方法。首先,论述系统故障演化过程的特点和对象分布;其次,给出方法流程图和实现过程;最后,实例研究50个对象6个因素构成的基础数据矩阵,得到最大训练集互相关度为0.8,测试集互相关度为1,以及最优对象标签分布(对象分布)。研究结果表明:演化过程的数据基础是对象集合;方法以无监督核谱回归(UKSR)为基础,配合K-means和互信息方法,构造随机均匀分布的对象标签集合,提出最优对象标签集合的判据;通过循环确定对象标签与对象数据相关性最大时的最优对象标签集合;集合中标签值即为最优的对象分布情况;方法克服无监督学习和非线性映射等问题,且能在无监督且非线性条件下,对系统故障演化过程中测量得到的对象进行分类,分析所有对象的类标签随演化时间的分布情况,缺点是只能用于研究二维平面表示的系统故障演化过程。

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李莎莎 (1988—),女,辽宁盘锦人,博士,副教授,主要从事安全系统工程、系统可靠性等方面的研究。E-mail:

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李莎莎 (1988—),女,辽宁盘锦人,博士,副教授,主要从事安全系统工程、系统可靠性等方面的研究。E-mail:

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李莎莎 (1988—),女,辽宁盘锦人,博士,副教授,主要从事安全系统工程、系统可靠性等方面的研究。E-mail:

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IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2005, 17(12):1624-1637., articleTitle=Document clustering using locality preserving indexing, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1168186526400782698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738762860675163, awardId=52004120, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助(52004120), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168186524337185097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738762860675163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168186524341379402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738762860675163, companyId=1168186524337185097, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shenyang Ligong University,Shenyang Liaoning 110159,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168186524349768011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738762860675163, companyId=1168186524337185097, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=沈阳理工大学 环境与化学工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110159)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1168186525666779490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738762860675163, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Two-dimensional representation of system fault evolution process, figureFileSmall=3BcdK4fGibKJ9E43rQQ7jg==, figureFileBig=4MrX5NC08y6yYj8Z0fvs7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168186525754859875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738762860675163, language=CN, label=图1, caption=系统故障演化过程的二维表示法, figureFileSmall=3BcdK4fGibKJ9E43rQQ7jg==, figureFileBig=4MrX5NC08y6yYj8Z0fvs7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168186525922632036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738762860675163, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Flow chart of object distribution determining method, figureFileSmall=BFgvO7e8e+apGGNtX2lLlw==, figureFileBig=EM+0emm1uVFBipJ1L9D1sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168186525977157989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738762860675163, language=CN, label=图2, caption=对象分布确定方法流程, figureFileSmall=BFgvO7e8e+apGGNtX2lLlw==, figureFileBig=EM+0emm1uVFBipJ1L9D1sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168186526044266854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738762860675163, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Change of factor value of voltage, figureFileSmall=tnvRrXsfZIZq7yETzLUTag==, figureFileBig=rUq/O7WwMSgSlS/JHV0HuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168186526094598503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738762860675163, language=CN, label=图3, caption=电压的因素值变化, figureFileSmall=tnvRrXsfZIZq7yETzLUTag==, figureFileBig=rUq/O7WwMSgSlS/JHV0HuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168186526157513064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738762860675163, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic data matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ΓMⅹN O1 O2 On
f1 x 1 1 x 1 2 x N 1
x m n
fM x M 1 x M 2 x M N
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基础数据矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ΓMⅹN O1 O2 On
f1 x 1 1 x 1 2 x N 1
x m n
fM x M 1 x M 2 x M N
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系统故障演化过程中不同类对象分布的确定方法
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李莎莎 , 崔铁军
中国安全科学学报 | 安全科学理论与安全系统科学 2024,34(7): 1-7
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全科学理论与安全系统科学 2024, 34(7): 1-7
系统故障演化过程中不同类对象分布的确定方法
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李莎莎 , 崔铁军
作者信息
  • 沈阳理工大学 环境与化学工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110159
  • 李莎莎 (1988—),女,辽宁盘锦人,博士,副教授,主要从事安全系统工程、系统可靠性等方面的研究。E-mail:

A method to determine distribution of different class objects in process of system fault evolution
Shasha LI , Tiejun CUI
Affiliations
  • School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shenyang Ligong University,Shenyang Liaoning 110159,China
出版时间: 2024-07-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.1863
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为解决系统故障中不同类对象的分布确定问题,提出一种对象分布确定方法。首先,论述系统故障演化过程的特点和对象分布;其次,给出方法流程图和实现过程;最后,实例研究50个对象6个因素构成的基础数据矩阵,得到最大训练集互相关度为0.8,测试集互相关度为1,以及最优对象标签分布(对象分布)。研究结果表明:演化过程的数据基础是对象集合;方法以无监督核谱回归(UKSR)为基础,配合K-means和互信息方法,构造随机均匀分布的对象标签集合,提出最优对象标签集合的判据;通过循环确定对象标签与对象数据相关性最大时的最优对象标签集合;集合中标签值即为最优的对象分布情况;方法克服无监督学习和非线性映射等问题,且能在无监督且非线性条件下,对系统故障演化过程中测量得到的对象进行分类,分析所有对象的类标签随演化时间的分布情况,缺点是只能用于研究二维平面表示的系统故障演化过程。

系统故障演化  /  对象分布  /  确定方法  /  无监督核谱回归(UKSR)  /  K-means  /  互信息

In order to solve the problem of determining the distribution of different types of objects in system faults,a method to determine the distribution of objects was proposed. Firstly,the characteristics of the system fault evolution process and object distribution were discussed. Secondly,the method flow chart and implementation process were given. Finally,an example was analyzed. The example studied the basic data matrix composed of 6 factors and 50 objects,and the maximum training set cross-correlation was 0.8,the test set cross-correlation was 1,and the optimal object label distribution (object distribution) was obtained. Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of the method were described. The analysis shows that the database for studying the evolution process is the object set. Methods based on UKSR,combined with K-means and mutual information methods,a randomly distributed object label set is constructed,and the criteria for the optimal object label set are proposed. The optimal object label set is determined through a loop when the correlation between object labels and object data is the largest. The label value of objects in the set is the optimal object distribution. The method overcomes the problem of unsupervised learning and nonlinear mapping. It is concluded that the method can classify the measured objects in the system fault evolution process under unsupervised and nonlinear conditions,and the distribution of class labels of all objects with evolution time. The disadvantage is that it can only be used to study the system fault evolution process represented by two-dimensional.

system fault evolution  /  object distribution  /  determination method  /  unsupervised kernel spectral regression  /  K-means  /  mutual information
李莎莎, 崔铁军. 系统故障演化过程中不同类对象分布的确定方法. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (7) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.1863
Shasha LI, Tiejun CUI. A method to determine distribution of different class objects in process of system fault evolution[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (7) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.1863
系统的存在是为了完成预定功能。在多因素影响下,系统实现预定功能的能力必然是变化的。系统故障演化过程是系统的固有属性和本质特征[1],是系统内在特征对外在特征变化作出的响应[2-4]。某时刻的系统故障演化过程特征可定义为系统功能状态[4],代表该时刻的系统功能性。因此,一般通过在不同时刻测量系统得到的结果来研究系统故障演化过程,某时刻测量所有因素的值构成的向量为一个对象。研究的基础数据是所有时刻测量所得对象构成的集合,是时序故障数据序列。研究时序故障序列的对象集合特点,能反应系统故障演化过程特点,但需在无监督情况下实现对象分类并确定对象分布,最终总结演化特点为预测和抑制故障演化提供途径。
近年来,关于各类系统故障过程及对演化影响的研究在逐渐增加,特别是研究系统故障演化的成果,出现爆发态势。国内成果主要包括安全故障演化[3]、系统故障连锁演化等[4-6];国外主要包括工业过程故障诊断[7]、系统故障检测[8]、工业动态过程早期故障检测等[9]。上述成果给出了一些理论、方法和算法研究系统故障过程。大体上可分为针对系统特征与数据的方法和具有通用性的方法。主要是通过各时刻的各因素值和时间关系来分析和预测系统功能性。研究系统故障演化过程是通过对象实现的,由于测量时刻间隔的存在使得对象数量有限;且演化过程具有复杂结构和层次;还要面对演化表示方法、数学模型和无监督学习等问题。因此,已有成果难以适用于系统故障演化过程的研究。
鉴于此,笔者认为,系统故障演化过程需要通过对象集合研究,其根本是研究对象分类和分布情况。对象分类有助于演化过程的分解,对象分布能显示演化对时间和因素的变化特征。因此,提出使用无监督核谱回归(Unsupervised Kernel Spectral Regression,UKSR)作为核心算法,来确定系统故障演化过程中对象类标签值的分布情况。
系统故障演化过程是系统的固有属性,是在多因素影响下系统实现预定功能的能力变化过程,某时刻的系统功能性为系统功能状态。前者描述系统故障的整体特征,后者描述某时刻的系统故障局部特征。已有研究表明[10-11]:演化过程的不确定性来源于其复杂的结构和层次,事件在演化的结构和层次中都起到关键作用。将系统故障演化过程进行抽象和数学描述是研究的前提。表示演化过程的方法目前有2种,即二维平面空间的表示方法和多维超空间的表示方法。
系统故障演化过程的二维表示如图1所示。图中曲线为系统故障演化过程,在可靠和失效状态之间波动。在tn时刻进行测量,得到对象OnOntn时刻的所有因素值构成的向量。当在一段演化时间内进行无数次测量得到无数对象后,即可描述该段时间内演化过程的全貌,但实际中,对象总是有限的,对象集合为时序故障数据序列。在此基础上,提出空间故障网络理论对系统故障演化过程的数学描述[12]。当将所有因素变化用时间表示系统故障概率分布时,可用二维平面表示演化过程。
问题是因素值构成的对象是否能表示系统功能的状态。系统功能状态基本取决于系统外在特征,对象恰好是实例化的系统外在特征,对象变化能表征系统功能状态的变化。因此,研究对象可充分说明系统功能状态的变化,进而表征系统故障演化过程。
对象集合实际上是时序故障数据的序列,代表所有测量时刻系统的外在特征,即所有因素的因素值。现有的系统功能状态研究都基于对象集合[13]。在因素和对象构成的基础数据矩阵中分析安全性,涉及到的算法也是对该基础数据矩阵的算法。类似的基础数据矩阵几乎存在于所有的评价类研究中。另外系统信号分析也是基于上述基础数据矩阵实现的[14]
研究对象在整个演化过程中随时间的分布情况,即故障演化与对象分布的关系。总体上,演化过程是复杂的,可能由多个子演化过程叠加而成。系统功能或结构由几个不同部分组成,在相同因素影响下不同的部分表现出来的演化特征不同,但一般会有一个子演化过程占主导地位。在不同时刻占主要地位的子演化过程可能是不同的,虽然演化过程中所有对象均代表总演化过程,但聚类分析对象集合可得到几类对象,这就对应不同的子演化过程。也说明不同子演化过程发挥作用的时刻不同,有助于了解总演化过程的可分解性。分解后的子演化过程特征更清晰,有利于形成更为适合的数学模型进行表示,其前提是确定隶属于不同子演化过程的对象分布。
确定对象分布是在确定子演化数量后进行的对象聚类分析,或子演化数量未知时进行自主对象聚类分析。由于研究基于基础数据矩阵,在监督情况下学习需要类标签配合。但演化测量得到的对象集合是无类标签的,需要无监督的学习方法,而一般情况下演化中对象分类数量是确定的。这就造成一方面基础数据缺乏类标签,另一方面分类数又是确定的,即分类数已知但具体对象的类标签未知。同时,也需要考虑因素之间的非线性关系,要求算法能处理非线性空间映射。对象分布是通过对象类标签值实现的,因此,需要在无监督且非线性条件下确定所有对象的类标签,从而实现对象分布和演化分解的目标。
可使用普回归(Spectral Regression,SR)方法解决上述问题。SR是一种高效正则化子空间学习的回归框架,将学习嵌入函数问题转化为回归框架,避免稠密矩阵特征分解。考虑映射的非线性问题,提出核谱回归(Kernel Spectral Regression,KSR)模型实现不同维度空间的非线性映射。进一步考虑到对象无类标签情况,提出UKSR模型实现无标签情况下的KSR模型学习。由于数学模型复杂且论文仅进行应用,这里不列出详细内容。使用函数Un()和Ut()表示UKSR模型的调用,分别用于训练UKSR模型和回归模型测试。通过图构建、响应生成、投影学习等过程得到回归模型,主要基于KSR实现。这一系列研究主要是由CAI Deng等[15]提出并实现。
聚类分析Ut()得到的训练集和测试集测试结果,使用K-means聚类迭代方法实现[15]。这里使用函数LKM()调用,用于数据集的聚类分析,能得到训练集聚类结果和测试集聚类结果。
使用互信息理论研究源于基础数据矩阵的训练集结果与对象标签集合的标签训练集的相关性,以及测试集结果与标签测试集的相关性。互信息是信息论中的信息度量[16],指2个集合之间的相关性,值域为[0,1],0代表2个集合不相关,1表示2个集合相同。使用MI(GtLt)调用互信息函数,用于数据相关性分析得到互相关度,参见文献[15],基本数学模型如下式:
M I ( X X ' ) = M I ' ( X X ' ) m a x ( H ( X ) ) H ( X ' ) M I ' ( X X ' ) = x i X x j X ' P ( x i x ' j ) · l o g 2 P ( x i x ' j ) p ( x i ) · p ( x ' j )
式中:X为源于实际的一组数据;X'为源于计算得到的数据;MI()为归一化互信息函数(其值为互相关度);MI'()为未归一的互信息函数;p(xi)和p(x'j)为数据集中任意数据属于xix'j的概率;P(xix'j)为p(xi)和p(x'j)的联合概率;H(X)和H(X')为XX'的熵。
Un()、Ut()、LKM()和MI()是对象分布确定方法所使用的基础算法,在方法流程中多次使用,故这里进行集中说明。
对象分布确定方法的流程如图2所示。
对象分布确定方法步骤如下。
步骤1:通过演化过程得到对象集合和因素集合。设影响演化过程的因素集合为F={ f1f2,… fM },m=1,2,…,MfmFM是因素数量。在N个时刻测量形成的对象集合为F={o1o2,…,oM},n=1,2,…,NonON是对象数。
步骤2:设置对象类别数θ和循环次数Q。对象类别数即为无重复对象标签值数,也是对象聚类分析的聚类数。θ只针对对象特征进行聚类分析得到,也根据实际情况确定语义等级得到。Q是基础数据与标签数据进行互信息比较的次数。由于是无监督学习,因此,各对象可具有θ种标签值。如果存在N个对象则最多存在θN种对象标签值的集合,即组合爆炸问题,因此,设Q<θN作为循环次数。
步骤3:建立基础数据矩阵。对象on是所有因素值组成的向量,on=[ X 1 n X 2 n,…, X M n]。 X m n是对象on在因素fn下的因素值。形成基础数据矩阵Γ表1
步骤4:建立对象标签集合。每次循环使用的对象标签集合是不同的,Li表示第i次的对象标签集合,i=1,2,…,Q。理论上,i=1,2,…,θN,但θN太大,设Q为实际循环次数。这就导致循环Q次后得到的 M n I+ M t I的最大值可能小于循环全部θN次后的结果。只有当循环次数Q使用的对象标签集合特征分布与循环次数θN的对象标签集合特征分布相同时,得到的 M n I+ M t I是接近的。因此,必须一次性生成对象标签集合L,且对象标签值应为[1,θ]中的均匀随机分布。即L=L1|,L2|,…,|LQi=1,2,…,Q,其中,|表示集合的衔接,L是具有Q×N个元素的集合;LiN个元素的集合。
步骤5—步骤6:构建数据训练集和测试集。Γn=Γ(1:nT)和Γt=Γ(nT+1:end)分别表示源于基础数据矩阵的训练集和测试集,1:nT表示基础数据矩阵中前nT个对象,nT+1:end表示基础数据矩阵中nT之后的所有对象。
步骤7—步骤8:构建对象标签训练集和测试集。Gn=Li (1:nT)和Gt= Li (nT+1:end)分别表示源于对象标签集合的训练集和测试集。
步骤9:得到UKSR训练模型。调用函数如下式,利用UKSR模型进行无监督训练,需要参数Γnξ为控制参数集合,详见文献[15],得到回归训练模型m1
m 1 = U n ( Γ n   ξ )
步骤10—步骤11:得到UKSR训练集测试结果和测试集测试结果。调用函数如下式,利用UKSR模型无监督测试数据训练集和测试集,得到训练集测试结果Fn和测试集训练结果Ft。参数CGn的无重复值,即标签类。
F n = U t ( Γ n   C m 1 )
F t = U t ( Γ t   C m 1 )
步骤12—步骤13:利用K-means算法得到训练集测试结果Fn和测试集训练结果Ft的聚类结果。设置聚类数K,得到聚类结果分别为LnLt
L n = L K M ( F n   K )
L t = L K M ( F t   K )
步骤14—步骤15:利用互信息定理计算基础数据和标签集合中训练集和测试集的互相关度,调用函数如下式:
M n I = M I ( G n L n )
M t I = M I ( G t L t )
步骤16:确定最优对象分布。由于设定循环次数为Q,那么每次循环都将具有不同的对象标签矩阵Li。由图2可知:左侧流程从基础数据矩阵开始,当ΓnTξCK确定后,在Q次循环中LnLt不变。右侧流程则随着循环次数的变化GnGt是不断变化的,因为Li是变化的。 M n I=MI(GnLn)代表用于训练的对象数据与用于训练的对象标签之间的互相关度; M t I=MI(GtLt)代表用于测试的对象数据与用于测试的对象标签之间的互相关度。Li代表第i次循环时对象集合中所有对象的标签值,即为对象标签值的分布。如果 M n I M t I的值都接近1则说明无论在训练或测试条件下,对象数据与对象标签具有最大相关性,这时得到的对象标签集合Li为最优对象标签集合Lξ。其代表了对象数据变化特征与对象标签变化特征在这Q次循环中的最大相关,因此,Lξ是对Γ的最优对象标签集合,集合中的对象标签值表征了最优对象分布,如下式:
L ξ = L i M n I ( i ) + M t I ( i ) > M n I ( j ) + M t I ( j ) i j i j = 1,2 Q
式(9)为是最优对象标签集合的判据。上述得到了系统故障演化过程的对象分布,代表了所有对象的最优标签值分布。最优标签值分布可理解为在演化过程中,不同时刻测量得到的对象在该时刻隶属于不同类的类标签值,相当于在已知分类数且各对象标签值未知时聚类分析对象集合。通过Q次循环,比较可能的Q种对象标签集合,当 M n I+ M t I最大时得到的对象标签集合为最优对象标签集合Lξ,从而表征最优对象分布。进一步将相同标签的对象作为一类,则对应一种子演化过程,从而实现演化过程分解。子演化过程具有更明显的变化特征,有利于进行数学抽象形成数学模型。再根据不同类对象出现的时刻,将各子演化的数学模型叠加形成总演化的数学模型,从而为描述系统故障演化过程提供基于实际数据的分析方法。
使用所提方法研究某电气系统进行故障演化过程。根据步骤1,系统故障的影响因素集合为F={f1f2,…,f6},其中,电压f1∈[12,15]V;电流f2∈[0.7,0.85]mA;温度f3∈[11,24]℃;湿度f4∈[77,94]%;气压f5∈[100,105]kPa;振动f6∈[185,236]Hz。对演化测量50次,时间间隔相同,形成对象集合O={o1o2,…,o50}。
根据步骤2,设对象类别数θ=3(对象分类标签设置为1、2、3)和循环次数Q=10 000。在10 000次循环比较过程中确定最优对象标签集合。
根据步骤3,基础数据矩阵Γ表示各对象的因素值变化。电压的因素值变化情况如图3所示。
根据步骤4,使用程序随机生成标签值均匀分布在[1,3]对象标签集合L中,具有10 000×50个元素。Li具有50个元素,L=L1|,L2|,…,|L10 000i=1,2,…,1 000。
根据步骤5—步骤6,设nT=40,数据训练集为Γn=Γ(1:40),测试集为Γt=Γ(41:50)。
根据步骤7—步骤8,在第i次循环时分别为Gn=Li (1:40)和Gt=Li(41:50)。
根据步骤9,调用式(2),设置ξ[15],得到训练模型m1
根据步骤10—步骤11,分别调用式(3)和式(4)计算训练集测试结果和测试集测试结果。设置C=θ=3,利用UKSR模型进行计算。
根据步骤12—步骤13,分别调用式(5)和式(6)计算训练集测试结果和测试集训练结果的聚类结果,设置K=10,利用K-means算法得到。
根据步骤14—步骤15,分别调用式(7)和式(8)分别计算训练集的互相关度和测试集互相关度。
根据步骤16,循环10 000次,使用10 000个不同对象标签集合作为对比,其中, M n I+ M t I最大时即为所求。循环至7 365次时, M n I+ M t I=1.8为10 000次循环中的最大值,其中,训练集互相关度为 M n I=0.8,测试集互相关度为 M t I=1。说明训练时对象数据和对象标签变化的相关性达到80%,测试时的相关性达到100%。得到的最优对象标签值分布为:具有类标签值为1的对象编号包括2、3、7、9、12、13、14、15、18、22、24、25、27、30、31、32、33、34、36、39、48、49,共22个;具有类标签值为2的对象编号包括4、5、6、17、19、21、23、26、37、38、41、42、43、46、47、50,共16个;具有类标签值为3的对象编号包括1、8、10、11、16、20、28、29、35、40、44、45,共12个。这说明在整个演化过程中,当所有对象分成3类时可得到如上对象标签值分布。其中,类标签1的对象在演化中作用最大,占据了所有测量时刻的44%。即在44%的时间内,由类标签为1的对象集合代表的子演化过程占据主导地位,其次是类标签2的对象集合,类标签3的对象集合作用最小。根据对象分布特征确定子演化过程的特点从而描述子演化过程,该研究将在后续论文中呈现。
文中所提方法的关键是解决无监督且非线性条件下对系统故障演化过程中测量得到的对象进行分类,进而确定所有对象的类标签随演化时间的分布情况。该方法的优点在于:基于该分布可确定各类对象集合,同类对象出现的密度,各时刻各子演化的主导性,也是演化分解的基础。总体思路是以UKSR模型为基础,配合K-means和互信息方法,构造随机均匀分布的对象标签集合,提出最优对象标签集合的判据。能基于既定次数的遍历确定对象标签值变化与对象数据变化相关性最大时的最优对象标签集合。方法的缺点在于:由于所提方法以演化时间为对象分布标准,因此,只能用于二维平面表示的系统故障演化过程研究。但方法仍能为系统故障演化过程中的对象分布确定提供有效途径。
1) 研究系统故障演化过程需要基于对象集合,从而实现对象分类、对象分布和演化分解,同时要克服无监督和非线性映射等问题。
2) 以UKSR模型为基础,配合K-means和互信息方法,构造随机均匀分布的对象标签集合和最优对象标签集合判据。通过遍历确定对象标签值变化与对象数据变化相关性最大时的最优对象标签集合,集合中的标签值即可代表最优对象分布情况。
3) 由于文中确定方法只能用于二维平面表示的系统故障演化过程,因此,在适应性方面,特别是多因素构成的多维情况下比较困难,未来研究的重点将集中于多维因素情况下的表示和分析。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(52004120)
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.07.1863
  • 接收时间:2024-01-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-14
  • 修回日期:2024-04-21
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(52004120)
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    沈阳理工大学 环境与化学工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110159
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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