Article(id=1149738724088529702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738718707237637, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)08-0078-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.08.1764, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708531200000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-22, revisedDate=1716566400000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752048672935, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1724774400000, pubDateStr=2024-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752048672935, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752048672935, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752048672935, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149738718707237637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752048671651, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756376992009, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167893010143519453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738718707237637, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167893010143519454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738718707237637, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=78, endPage=85, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149738724252107559, articleId=1149738724088529702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Study on inhibition effect of ellagic acid on oxidation spontaneous combustion of long-flame coal in Xiashijie, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to investigate the effect of EA on the process of coal oxidation spontaneous combustion,EA was uniformly mixed with long-flame coal in Xiashijie at the mass ratios of 2%,4%,6%,8% and 10% to experiment. The contents of active functional groups and the variation characteristics of thermal transport characteristics of each sample were studied using the microscopic infrared spectroscopy test and laser thermal conductivity test. The optimal mass ratio was determined to be 8% through the evaluation of the inhibitory effect of coal oxidation spontaneous combustion. The coal spontaneous combustion temperature-programmed test was used to compare the influence of four inhibitors on the gas release of coal oxidation spontaneous combustion,and the degree of inhibition of EA on coal oxidation spontaneous combustion was further determined. The results showed that the peak areas of -CH3,-CH2,-OH and -C=O- in EA-tc are reduced,but the peak area of C-O is increased compared with RC. At the same coal temperature,the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the RC are higher than those of EA-tc,and its specific heat is lower than those of EA-tc. The average inhibition rates of thermal diffusivity,specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of 8% EA on low-temperature oxidation process of coal samples are 20.8%,9.8% and 13.1%,respectively. Compared with RC,CO release amount of 8% EA-tc is reduced by 52.3% at 170 ℃,and the resistance rate of EA on coal oxidation spontaneous combustion is maintained at 50.5% to 72.5% at 30 to 170 ℃. The inhibitory effect of EA on coal oxidation spontaneous combustion is better than that of the other three inhibitors.

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为考察鞣花酸(EA)对煤氧化自燃过程的影响,首先将EA与陕西铜川下石节煤矿的长焰煤以2%、4%、6%、8%和10%的质量比均匀混合进行试验;然后采用显微红外光谱试验和激光导热试验研究各个样品的活性官能团含量情况和热输运特性,通过评价煤氧化自燃抑制效果,确定最优质量比为8%;最后利用煤自燃程序升温试验对比4种阻化剂对煤氧化自燃气体释放的影响情况,进一步确定EA对煤氧化自燃的阻化程度。结果表明:EA处理煤(EA-tc)中-CH3、-CH2、-OH和-C=O-的峰面积相较于原煤(RC)均减少,但C-O的峰面积增加;在相同煤温下,RC的热扩散系数和导热系数高于EA-tc,其比热容低于EA-tc,且8% EA对RC低温氧化过程的热扩散系数、比热容和导热系数的平均抑制率分别为20.8%、9.8%和13.1%;相比于RC,8% EA-tc的CO释放量在170 ℃时降低52.3%,且EA对煤氧化自燃的阻化率在30~170 ℃内保持在50.5%~72.5%,说明EA对煤氧化自燃的阻化效果比其他3种阻化剂更好。

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肖旸 (1979—),男,贵州湄潭人,博士,教授,主要从事煤火灾害机制及其防治技术的研究与应用。E-mail:

李青蔚,副教授。

王振平,教授。

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肖旸 (1979—),男,贵州湄潭人,博士,教授,主要从事煤火灾害机制及其防治技术的研究与应用。E-mail:

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肖旸 (1979—),男,贵州湄潭人,博士,教授,主要从事煤火灾害机制及其防治技术的研究与应用。E-mail:

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李青蔚,副教授。

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李青蔚,副教授。

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王振平,教授。

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王振平,教授。

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Industrial analysis and spontaneous combustion tendency of coal samples

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水分
Mad /%
灰分
Aad /%
挥发分
Vad/%
固定
碳FCad/%
吸氧量Vd /
(cm3·g-1)
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煤样工业分析及自燃倾向性

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水分
Mad /%
灰分
Aad /%
挥发分
Vad/%
固定
碳FCad/%
吸氧量Vd /
(cm3·g-1)
1.83 19.40 26.79 51.98 0.85
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Transition metal content in coal

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成分 Fe Ti Zr V Ag Cu Y Zn Ni Mn
质量分数/% 2.53 0.88 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.009 6 0.009 2 0.009 0 0.008 7 0.007 9
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煤中过渡金属含量

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成分 Fe Ti Zr V Ag Cu Y Zn Ni Mn
质量分数/% 2.53 0.88 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.009 6 0.009 2 0.009 0 0.008 7 0.007 9
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鞣花酸对下石节长焰煤氧化自燃的阻化影响研究
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肖旸 1, 2 , 南世华 1 , 尹岚 1 , 李青蔚 1, 2 , 王振平 1, 2
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(8): 78-85
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(8): 78-85
鞣花酸对下石节长焰煤氧化自燃的阻化影响研究
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肖旸1, 2 , 南世华1, 尹岚1, 李青蔚1, 2, 王振平1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 西安科技大学 安全科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710054
  • 2 西安科技大学 陕西省煤火灾害防治重点实验室,陕西 西安 710054
  • 肖旸 (1979—),男,贵州湄潭人,博士,教授,主要从事煤火灾害机制及其防治技术的研究与应用。E-mail:

    李青蔚,副教授。

    王振平,教授。

Study on inhibition effect of ellagic acid on oxidation spontaneous combustion of long-flame coal in Xiashijie
Yang XIAO1, 2 , Shihua NAN1, Lan YIN1, Qingwei LI1, 2, Zhenping WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Safety Science and Engineering,X'an University of Science and Technology,X'an Shaanxi 710054,China
  • 2 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire,X'an University of Science and Technology,X'an Shaanxi 710054,China
出版时间: 2024-08-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.08.1764
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为考察鞣花酸(EA)对煤氧化自燃过程的影响,首先将EA与陕西铜川下石节煤矿的长焰煤以2%、4%、6%、8%和10%的质量比均匀混合进行试验;然后采用显微红外光谱试验和激光导热试验研究各个样品的活性官能团含量情况和热输运特性,通过评价煤氧化自燃抑制效果,确定最优质量比为8%;最后利用煤自燃程序升温试验对比4种阻化剂对煤氧化自燃气体释放的影响情况,进一步确定EA对煤氧化自燃的阻化程度。结果表明:EA处理煤(EA-tc)中-CH3、-CH2、-OH和-C=O-的峰面积相较于原煤(RC)均减少,但C-O的峰面积增加;在相同煤温下,RC的热扩散系数和导热系数高于EA-tc,其比热容低于EA-tc,且8% EA对RC低温氧化过程的热扩散系数、比热容和导热系数的平均抑制率分别为20.8%、9.8%和13.1%;相比于RC,8% EA-tc的CO释放量在170 ℃时降低52.3%,且EA对煤氧化自燃的阻化率在30~170 ℃内保持在50.5%~72.5%,说明EA对煤氧化自燃的阻化效果比其他3种阻化剂更好。

鞣花酸(EA)  /  煤氧化自燃  /  阻化率  /  热输运特性  /  活性官能团

In order to investigate the effect of EA on the process of coal oxidation spontaneous combustion,EA was uniformly mixed with long-flame coal in Xiashijie at the mass ratios of 2%,4%,6%,8% and 10% to experiment. The contents of active functional groups and the variation characteristics of thermal transport characteristics of each sample were studied using the microscopic infrared spectroscopy test and laser thermal conductivity test. The optimal mass ratio was determined to be 8% through the evaluation of the inhibitory effect of coal oxidation spontaneous combustion. The coal spontaneous combustion temperature-programmed test was used to compare the influence of four inhibitors on the gas release of coal oxidation spontaneous combustion,and the degree of inhibition of EA on coal oxidation spontaneous combustion was further determined. The results showed that the peak areas of -CH3,-CH2,-OH and -C=O- in EA-tc are reduced,but the peak area of C-O is increased compared with RC. At the same coal temperature,the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the RC are higher than those of EA-tc,and its specific heat is lower than those of EA-tc. The average inhibition rates of thermal diffusivity,specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of 8% EA on low-temperature oxidation process of coal samples are 20.8%,9.8% and 13.1%,respectively. Compared with RC,CO release amount of 8% EA-tc is reduced by 52.3% at 170 ℃,and the resistance rate of EA on coal oxidation spontaneous combustion is maintained at 50.5% to 72.5% at 30 to 170 ℃. The inhibitory effect of EA on coal oxidation spontaneous combustion is better than that of the other three inhibitors.

ellagic acid (EA)  /  coal oxidation spontaneous combustion  /  resistance rate  /  thermal transport characteristics  /  active functional groups
肖旸, 南世华, 尹岚, 李青蔚, 王振平. 鞣花酸对下石节长焰煤氧化自燃的阻化影响研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (8) : 78 -85 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.08.1764
Yang XIAO, Shihua NAN, Lan YIN, Qingwei LI, Zhenping WANG. Study on inhibition effect of ellagic acid on oxidation spontaneous combustion of long-flame coal in Xiashijie[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (8) : 78 -85 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.08.1764
我国近90%的煤炭资源为井工开采,自燃倾向性为自燃或易自燃[1]。由于综放开采技术的不断推广及煤炭自身氧化属性,造成采空区内存在不同程度的遗煤自燃现象[2]。遗煤自燃本质上是煤氧化时热量释放速率高于散热速率,在微观层面表现为煤中活性官能团的链式反应[3]。遗煤自燃威胁着矿工人身安全及矿井安全生产,为避免煤体因反应放热而引起高温风险,可通过添加防灭火材料来预防[4]。因此,通过试验手段研究防灭火材料对煤氧化自燃的阻化作用,掌握阻化机制,对煤氧化自燃防治具有重要意义。
阻化剂作为一种常规手段被广泛应用于井下煤氧化自燃灾害治理[5-6],其中,抗氧化剂通过阻断或减慢煤中活性官能团的链式反应,达到抑制煤氧化自燃的目的。LI Jinhu等[7]研究了2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基,该抗氧化剂在与甲基等烷基自由基反应时具有较强的活性,而与含氧自由基反应时却活性较弱。WANG Deming等[8]选择聚乙二醇-200作为化学阻化剂,以防止煤中甲基和亚甲基的氧化。GAO Ao等[9]研究认为,酚类阻化剂对煤氧化自燃的阻化效果主要取决于苯酚环上的苯酚羟基的数量、位置和类型。LIU Peiyu等[10]选用柠檬酸(Citric Acid,CA)作为阻化剂,将其与过渡金属离子配合并结合,削弱过渡金属离子的催化活性。王福生等[11]研究得到金属螯合剂与煤中的过渡金属离子形成螯合物,对煤中甲基、亚甲基和羧基的转化有明显的抑制作用。目前抗氧化剂的研究多集中在单一性质上,较少人研究抗氧化剂对煤中的自由基清除和过渡金属离子络合的双重抗氧化作用。
综上所述,笔者拟考虑抗氧化剂的2种抗氧化方式,将鞣花酸(Ellagic Acid,EA)用作阻化剂,考查EA对煤氧化自燃的双重抗氧化作用,为EA阻化剂在煤氧化自燃领域的应用提供一定的参考。
选用陕西铜川下石节煤矿的长焰煤,其工业分析及自燃倾向性见表1。依据《煤自燃倾向性色谱吸氧鉴定法》(GB/T 20104—2006)标准,该煤样干燥无灰基挥发分大于18%,煤的吸氧量大于0.70 cm3/g,因此,煤的自燃倾向性等级是 Ⅰ 级,容易自燃,且其最短自然发火期为28天。采用X射线荧光光谱仪测定出煤样的过渡金属含量,见表2
将煤样人工破碎并筛分出粒径为0.074~0.09mm的样品,随后送入真空干燥箱中,在30℃下干燥24h,将原煤(Raw Coal,RC)作为对照组,另将RC分别与EA以2%、4%、6%、8%和10%的质量比均匀混合,放置在干燥处常温阻化24 h,即为EA处理煤(Ellagic Acid Treated Coal,EA-tc)。
另外,筛分出5个粒径等级的煤样,粒径大小分别为(0,0.9]、(0.9,3]、(3,5]、(5,7]和(7,10]mm,各取200g充分混合得到RC样品,将煤与EA、CA、碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3)[12]和氯化镁(MgCl2)分别按EA与煤的最优质量比均匀混合,制备得到试验用样品,用于煤自燃程序升温试验。
为掌握EA对煤氧化自燃的抑制效果,利用傅里叶变换显微红外光谱仪和激光闪射仪研究30~270℃内各个样品的活性官能团含量情况及热输运特性的变化特征。开展煤自燃程序升温试验,对比研究不同阻化剂对煤低温氧化过程的阻化作用。
为研究煤氧化过程中活性官能团的变化,运用马弗炉,得到110、190和270℃的氧化煤(Oxidized Coal,OC)用于试验。将样品压制成片,放置于傅里叶变换显微红外光谱仪中的样品室测试,波数扫描范围是4 000~700cm-1
用压片机制得厚度约为1mm、直径约为12.95mm的样品。将样品置于激光闪射仪的样品架,试验过程中以100mL/min的恒定流量通入空气。当激光发生器发射一束激光照射至样品下表面,热量向上表面传递,测定出样品在30、50、…、270℃的热输运特性参数。
采用煤自燃程序升温装置,试验温度为30~170 ℃,升温速率为0.3℃/min,监测煤样罐内的温度,温度每升高10℃采集1次气体,并使用气相色谱仪测定气体的成分及体积分数。
样品中的主要活性官能团通过其在红外光谱图中的吸收峰强度及相应的振动位置来确定,各煤样的红外光谱图如图1所示。可以看出,EA-tc的吸光度曲线除在1 330~1 000cm-1范围内高于RC与OC,其他波长范围内低于RC与OC,这说明EA对RC和OC的脂肪烃、羟基、羰基有较好的抑制作用。现采用2阶导数的分峰方法,得到各个峰的峰面积。以RC为例分峰拟合,如图2所示。
脂肪烃的振动位于1 368、2 843和2 919cm-1,根据峰面积的拟合结果,不同质量比EA-tc的脂肪烃在不同氧化温度下的峰面积变化特征如图3所示。随着温度升高,煤中的-CH2和-CH3含量增多后快速减少。煤分子侧链与氧气反应产生大量的小分子结构如甲基、亚甲基,小分子结构在升温条件和过渡金属离子催化作用下易与氧反应生成含氧官能团。在温度低于190℃之前,脂肪烃的含量呈现增长趋势,表明:脂肪烃的生成速率大于消耗速率,-CH2和-CH3相比于RC增长97.0%和46.8%。在温度高于190℃之后,煤氧反应加剧,脂肪烃的含量下降趋势明显,减少83.0%和60.6%。
与RC及OC相比,EA-tc中-CH2和-CH3含量减少。这是由于EA捕捉煤中-CH2和-CH3与氧反应生成的过氧化物自由基,抑制过氧化物自由基的进一步氧化,并与其分解后生成的醇形成稳定醚键,从而中断-CH2和-CH3自由基的链式反应。另外,EA的邻苯二酚结构与煤中过渡金属离子络合,生成的络合物附着在煤表面,减少煤对氧气的吸附,并减少过渡金属离子的催化作用[13],因此EA对煤中-CH2和-CH3影响显著。相比于RC及OC,2%、4%、6%、8%和10%的EA-tc在不同氧化温度下的-CH2含量平均减少38.2%、48.7%、53.5%、63.1%和68.8%,-CH3含量平均减少11.5%、22.7%、28.2%、40.2%和43.9%。
羟基的振动主要位于3 697~3 200cm-1,羟基的变化如图4所示。经化学反应生成的过氧化氢自由基在加热条件下分解为次生羟基自由基,煤中原生基团为次生羟基自由基提供氢生成H2O,同时原生羟基失去氢变成醚氧自由基,醚氧自由基反应生成羰基和碳自由基,链式反应不断进行。在190℃之前,链式反应增强导致羟基快速生成,羟基相比于RC增长96.5%;190℃之后,煤氧反应加剧,羟基的消耗增加,含量减少35.3%。
与RC及OC相比,EA-tc的-OH峰面积降低,这是由于低温时EA含有的-OH清除煤中部分的原生羟基,生成稳定的醚键,造成煤中-OH含量下降;随着温度升高,EA阻断过氧化物自由基的进一步氧化,并形成结构稳定的醚键,抑制次生羟基的生成。另外,EA对煤中过渡金属离子的络合作用使链式反应进程减慢。相比于RC及OC,2%、4%、6%、8%和10%的EA-tc在不同氧化温度下的-OH含量平均减少16.5%、28.5%、36.8%、47.1%和49.6%。
C-O主要体现在1 330~1 000cm-1,C-O的变化如5a所示。随着温度升高,煤中C-O的含量先升高后降低,煤氧反应正在不断产生和消耗醇、酚、醚和酯等中间碳氧类化合物。在温度190℃之前,C-O含量增长29.7%。当达到一定温度后,碳氧类化合物大量参与反应,造成其消耗量大于产生量,含量减少58.2%。与RC及OC相比,EA-tc的C-O峰面积升高。EA 侧链供氢与煤中生成的醇反应生成较稳定的醚键,导致醚键含量增多。相比于RC及OC,2%、4%、6%、8%和10%的EA-tc在不同氧化温度下的C-O含量平均增加19.8%、35.1%、47.7%、62.0%和67.2%。
醛、酮、酸的羰基的伸缩振动主要位于1 699和1 435cm-1,-C=O-的变化如图5b所示。煤中的-C=O-主要是煤氧化过程中醇类羟基持续转化各类官能团和醚氧自由基经化学反应形成的。在氧化前期,-C=O-含量快速升高,含量增长281%;温度再度升高造成煤氧复合反应加剧,-C=O-快速消耗,含量减少55.8%。EA-tc的-C=O-在温度较低时较稳定,之后缓慢升高,但EA-tc的-C=O-含量始终低于RC,表明:EA阻碍过氧化物自由基的进一步氧化,从而减少-C=O-的生成。另外,EA作为金属络合剂降低煤中过渡金属离子对活性官能团链式反应的催化作用,导致-C=O-峰面积降低。相比于RC及OC,2%、4%、6%、8%和10%的EA-tc在不同氧化温度下的-C=O-含量平均减少40.9%、48.5%、57.2%、63.1%和64.5%。
RC和EA-tc的热扩散系数随温度的变化如图6所示。热扩散系数的分界温度出现在190℃,当煤温低于分界温度时,煤的热扩散系数变化主要与煤中声子平均自由程有关,随着煤温升高,煤中晶格振动加剧,声子平均自由程减小,致使热扩散系数减小。当煤温高于分界温度后,煤氧化学反应加剧,煤中结构变化显著,造成分子无序态增加,导致热扩散系数增大。在相同煤温下,EA-tc的热扩散系数均小于RC,这是因为在煤样升温过程中,EA显著减少煤中的-CH2、-CH3和-OH和过渡金属离子,造成煤中声子数增多[14],EA-tc的热扩散系数降低。在氧化过程中,2%、4%、6%、8%和10% EA对RC热扩散系数的平均抑制率分别为4.6%、11.6%、15.0%、20.8%和22.4%。
RC和EA-tc的比热容随温度的变化如图7所示。随着煤温的升高,所有煤样的比热容均呈现线性增长趋势,对于RC和EA-tc,随着温度的升高,比热容增大,是因为热能以动能的形式储存在煤中。在同一温度条件下EA-tc的比热容均大于RC,表明在升温过程中,EA-tc需要吸收更多热量,煤样升温过程会更加缓慢。在氧化过程中,2%、4%、6%、8%和10% EA对RC比热容的平均抑制率为2.6%、5.2%、6.8%、9.8%和10.8%。
RC和EA-tc的导热系数随温度的变化如图8所示。随着煤温的升高,所有煤样的导热系数均呈现先降低后升高的趋势,温度为90℃时为谷值。导热系数的大小与前面的2个参数有直接的关系。在导热系数的分界温度前,热扩散系数对导热系数的影响大于比热容;在导热系数的分界温度后,比热容对导热系数的影响大于热扩散系数;在热扩散系数的分界温度后,因热扩散系数和比热容都呈增加趋势,故导热系数迅速增加。在相同煤温下,EA-tc的导热系数均低于RC,表明在氧化反应过程中的热量传递性能小于RC。在氧化过程中,2%、4%、6%、8%和10% EA对RC导热系数的平均抑制率为2.1%、7.0%、9.3%、13.1%和14.0%。
8%和10% EA对活性官能团抑制效果的增长率如图9所示。随着EA与煤的质量比增加,EA对关键活性官能团的抑制效果增加,但质量比大于8%时,抑制效果增加变缓。因此考虑到EA对煤关键活性官能团的影响并兼顾成本问题,选择8%作为EA与煤最优质量比。
不同质量比EA对热输运特性抑制效果的增长率如图10所示。根据EA对煤热输运特性的影响,10% EA对煤热输运特性的抑制效果最大,但8% EA的抑制效果与10% EA相差不大且明显优于6% EA,兼顾经济方面确定8%为最优EA与煤质量比。
煤氧化自燃是不断产生气体的过程,CO体积分数代表煤氧反应程度。RC、8% EA-tc、8% CA-tc、8% NaHCO3-tc和8% MgCl2-tc的CO体积分数随温度变化情况如图11所示。在煤氧物理吸附前期,氧气消耗较少,产生的CO量较少;随着温度升高,CO产生量明显增加。在170℃时,EA-tc、CA-tc、NaHCO3-tc和MgCl2-tc相比于RC释放的CO量分别减少52.3%、46.3%、24.4%和16.5%,这说明4种阻化剂对煤氧化自燃均具有一定的抑制作用,抑制效果排序为EA > CA > NaHCO3 > MgCl2
阻化率是以煤体在阻化前后产生CO气体的相对变化量作为评判指标:
E = A C O - B C O A C O × 100 %
式中:E是阻化率,%;ACOBCO分别是RC和处理煤的释放CO体积分数,10-6
4种阻化剂对煤样的阻化率随温度变化情况如图12所示。EA、CA、NaHCO3和MgCl2在30~170℃对煤样的阻化率分别为50.5%~72.5%、46.0%~65.1%、22.6%~60.4%和16.5%~50.0%。其中,MgCl2和NaHCO3的阻化率在70℃以后明显降低的原因在于温度较高后煤氧化学反应的速率太快,以至于卤盐阻化剂的吸水和隔氧作用或NaHCO3受热分解生成的CO2和H2O对煤氧化学反应的影响变小。CA在70℃以后的阻化率也出现一定幅度的下降,但阻化率依旧保持在40%以上,原因在于CA结合煤中过渡金属离子的作用较强,减缓自由基的链式反应。而EA在温度较高的情况下依然发挥着较好的阻化效果,对煤样的阻化率始终高于其他3种阻化剂,原因在于EA自发结合煤中活性自由基和具有催化性质的过渡金属离子从根本上加大链式反应的难度,达到抑制煤氧化自燃的目的。
EA含有羟基结构,EA侧链供氢与过氧化物结合形成过氧化氢,过氧化氢分解产生的醇类羟基和醚氧自由基等中间产物可被EA捕获形成水和醇,EA侧链断裂产生的羟基自由基与醇反应形成结构稳定的醚键。另外,煤中少量的过渡金属离子会高效催化煤中活性官能团的氧化。EA含有邻苯二酚结构,能够络合过渡金属离子,形成不能促进氧化的络合物。
在官能团的微观水平上可以看出,EA-tc相比于RC,煤中的活性官能团(-CH3、-CH2、-OH、-C=O-)降低,表明EA的加入可以减缓链式反应的进行。从热输运特性来看,其效果表现为热扩散系数和导热系数的减小,比热容的增大,即升温过程中需要吸收更多的能量,热量传递性能的减弱。从气体释放特征来看,其效果表现为CO释放量的显著减少。
1) EA具有清除自由基和络合过渡金属离子的双重抗氧化作用,当EA与煤的质量比为8%时,抑制煤氧化自燃的效果较好。
2) EA与煤中活性官能团的结合减少煤中-CH2、-CH3、-OH和-C=O-的含量,抑制煤的氧化进程,宏观表现为:EA-tc在升温过程中需要吸收更多热量,热量传递性能减弱。
3) 与CA、NaHCO3和MgCl2等3种阻化剂相比,EA对煤氧化过程的阻化作用更稳定,4种阻化剂对煤样的抑制效果排序为:EA > CA > NaHCO3 > MgCl2
  • 国家自然科学基金(52174204)
  • 国家自然科学基金(51974233)
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2024年第34卷第8期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.08.1764
  • 接收时间:2024-02-22
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-22
  • 修回日期:2024-05-25
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国家自然科学基金(52174204)
国家自然科学基金(51974233)
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    1 西安科技大学 安全科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710054
    2 西安科技大学 陕西省煤火灾害防治重点实验室,陕西 西安 710054
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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