Article(id=1149738721953624066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738718707237637, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)08-0162-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.08.0061, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708876800000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-26, revisedDate=1716393600000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752048672426, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1724774400000, pubDateStr=2024-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752048672426, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752048672426, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752048672426, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149738718707237637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752048671651, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756376992009, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167893010143519453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738718707237637, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167893010143519454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738718707237637, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=162, endPage=169, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149738722192699396, articleId=1149738721953624066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Characteristics of high temperature environment on coal pore structure and oxidation dynamics of Barapukuria coal mine in Bangladesh, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to prevent coal spontaneous combustion disasters under high-temperature environment and clarify the spontaneous combustion characteristics,coal samples from the 1306 working face of the VI coal seam in Barapukuria coal mine were selected. The coal samples were subjected to constant temperature treatment at 40,50,and 60 ℃ for 30 days,and pore structure analysis and thermogravimetry(TG) were performed on the raw coal samples and high-temperature pretreated coal samples to test the oxidation kinetic parameters. The results show that after high-temperature treatment,the proportion of small pores decreases while the proportion of medium pores and large pores increases. After treatment at 60 ℃,the specific surface area of the coal sample increases from 2.351 m2/g of raw coal to 3.285 m2/g,and the total pore volume increases from 0.007 88 mL/g of raw coal to 0.010 01 mL/g. In addition,compared with raw coal,the ignition temperature and burnout temperature of the coal sample significantly decreased after high-temperature treatment,and the maximum weight loss and the maximum weight loss rate increased by 6.1% and 23.3%,respectively. The calculation results of oxidation kinetics show that the activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the coal sample after high-temperature treatment are lower than those of the raw coal,indicating that the high-temperature environment significantly improves the oxidation reaction activity and increases the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal.

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为预防高地温煤层开采条件下煤自燃灾害,明确煤的自燃特性,以孟巴矿Ⅵ煤层1306工作面煤样为例,将煤样分别置于40、50、60 ℃控温炉中恒温处理30 天,采用全自动比表面积和孔径分布分析仪测试煤的孔隙结构,利用同步热分析仪测试原煤样和高温预处理煤样的氧化动力学参数。结果表明:孟巴矿煤样经高地温作用后,煤的小孔比例减小,中孔和大孔比例增大,煤样经60 ℃处理后比表面积由原煤的2.351 m2/g增至3.285 m2/g,总孔容由原煤的0.007 88 mL/g增至0.010 01 mL/g;与原煤相比,高地温处理后煤样点火温度和燃尽温度显著降低,最大失重量、最大失重速率分别提高6.1%和23.3%;高温处理后煤样的活化能和指前因子均小于原煤,说明高地温环境显著提高孟巴矿煤样的氧化反应活性,增大煤自燃的危险性。

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马东 (1992—),男,辽宁辽阳人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事矿井火灾防治理论及技术等方面的研究。E-mail:

解庆典,高级工程师。

赵志强,高级工程师。

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马东 (1992—),男,辽宁辽阳人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事矿井火灾防治理论及技术等方面的研究。E-mail:

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orderNo=4, keyword=热重(TG )), Keyword(id=1167877838058303676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738721953624066, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=煤自燃)], refs=[Reference(id=1167877839769579732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738721953624066, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=47, issue=6, pageStart=2 352, pageEnd=2 359, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=余学义, 穆驰, 王皓, journalName=煤炭学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=余学义, 穆驰, 王皓, 等. 孟加拉国Barapukuria 矿厚煤层分层协调减灾开采模式[J]. 煤炭学报, 2022, 47 (6): 2 352-2 359., articleTitle=孟加拉国Barapukuria 矿厚煤层分层协调减灾开采模式, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167877839828299989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738721953624066, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=47, issue=6, pageStart=2 352, pageEnd=2 359, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=YU Xueyi, MU Chi, 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before and after coal sample treatment, figureFileSmall=WAOBpRdylqr787Jmc2IC3A==, figureFileBig=Nn9V0qEcMks8S+QdG2MQlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167877839144628428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738721953624066, language=CN, label=图7, caption=煤样处理前后-1/T-ln[G(a)/T2]拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=WAOBpRdylqr787Jmc2IC3A==, figureFileBig=Nn9V0qEcMks8S+QdG2MQlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167877839211737293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738721953624066, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Changes in activation energy and pre-exponential factor before and after coal sample treatment, figureFileSmall=BgF6YiiQf56cWvTAY9hPuQ==, figureFileBig=XKXluYh1jFp/TyudSd9gNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167877839278846158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738721953624066, language=CN, label=图8, caption=煤样处理前后活化能和指前因子变化, figureFileSmall=BgF6YiiQf56cWvTAY9hPuQ==, figureFileBig=XKXluYh1jFp/TyudSd9gNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167877839324983503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738721953624066, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Industrial analysis of coal samples from the 1306 working face of Barapukuria Coal Mine%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Mad Aad Vad FCad
2.06 10.67 36.33 50.94
), ArticleFig(id=1167877839375315152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738721953624066, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

孟巴矿1306工作面煤样工业分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Mad Aad Vad FCad
2.06 10.67 36.33 50.94
), ArticleFig(id=1167877839438229713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738721953624066, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Characteristic temperature of coal samples from the 1306 working face of Barapukuria Coal Mine℃

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
煤样 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7
1306-原煤样 52.29 265.55 280.86 320.78 450.1 561.38 612.78
1306-40 ℃ 52.29 259.54 275.67 316.68 436.71 529.67 581.07
1306-50 ℃ 51.47 259.54 273.75 312.85 435.61 526.93 577.24
1306-60 ℃ 51.46 250.24 267.46 311.21 429.87 463.23 573.41
), ArticleFig(id=1167877839509532882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738721953624066, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

孟巴矿1306工作面煤样特征温度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
煤样 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7
1306-原煤样 52.29 265.55 280.86 320.78 450.1 561.38 612.78
1306-40 ℃ 52.29 259.54 275.67 316.68 436.71 529.67 581.07
1306-50 ℃ 51.47 259.54 273.75 312.85 435.61 526.93 577.24
1306-60 ℃ 51.46 250.24 267.46 311.21 429.87 463.23 573.41
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孟巴矿高地温环境煤孔隙及氧化动力学特征
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马东 1 , 解庆典 2 , 赵志强 2 , 刘方 3 , 周齐庚 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(8): 162-169
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(8): 162-169
孟巴矿高地温环境煤孔隙及氧化动力学特征
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马东1 , 解庆典2, 赵志强2, 刘方3, 周齐庚1
作者信息
  • 1 中国矿业大学 煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室,江苏 徐州 221116
  • 2 徐州矿务集团有限公司 孟煤项目联合体,江苏 徐州 221006
  • 3 中国机械进出口(集团)有限公司 孟煤项目联合体,北京 100037
  • 马东 (1992—),男,辽宁辽阳人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事矿井火灾防治理论及技术等方面的研究。E-mail:

    解庆典,高级工程师。

    赵志强,高级工程师。

Characteristics of high temperature environment on coal pore structure and oxidation dynamics of Barapukuria coal mine in Bangladesh
Dong MA1 , Qingdian XIE2, Zhiqiang ZHAO2, Fang LIU3, Qigeng ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Coal Exploration and Intelligent Mining,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116,China
  • 2 Bangladesh Colliery in Barapukuria Project Consortium,Xuzhou Coal Ming Group,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116,China
  • 3 Bangladesh Colliery in Barapukuria Project Consortium,China National Machinery Import and Export Corporation,Beijing 100037,China
出版时间: 2024-08-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.08.0061
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为预防高地温煤层开采条件下煤自燃灾害,明确煤的自燃特性,以孟巴矿Ⅵ煤层1306工作面煤样为例,将煤样分别置于40、50、60 ℃控温炉中恒温处理30 天,采用全自动比表面积和孔径分布分析仪测试煤的孔隙结构,利用同步热分析仪测试原煤样和高温预处理煤样的氧化动力学参数。结果表明:孟巴矿煤样经高地温作用后,煤的小孔比例减小,中孔和大孔比例增大,煤样经60 ℃处理后比表面积由原煤的2.351 m2/g增至3.285 m2/g,总孔容由原煤的0.007 88 mL/g增至0.010 01 mL/g;与原煤相比,高地温处理后煤样点火温度和燃尽温度显著降低,最大失重量、最大失重速率分别提高6.1%和23.3%;高温处理后煤样的活化能和指前因子均小于原煤,说明高地温环境显著提高孟巴矿煤样的氧化反应活性,增大煤自燃的危险性。

高地温  /  孔隙结构  /  氧化动力学特征  /  热重(TG )  /  煤自燃

In order to prevent coal spontaneous combustion disasters under high-temperature environment and clarify the spontaneous combustion characteristics,coal samples from the 1306 working face of the VI coal seam in Barapukuria coal mine were selected. The coal samples were subjected to constant temperature treatment at 40,50,and 60 ℃ for 30 days,and pore structure analysis and thermogravimetry(TG) were performed on the raw coal samples and high-temperature pretreated coal samples to test the oxidation kinetic parameters. The results show that after high-temperature treatment,the proportion of small pores decreases while the proportion of medium pores and large pores increases. After treatment at 60 ℃,the specific surface area of the coal sample increases from 2.351 m2/g of raw coal to 3.285 m2/g,and the total pore volume increases from 0.007 88 mL/g of raw coal to 0.010 01 mL/g. In addition,compared with raw coal,the ignition temperature and burnout temperature of the coal sample significantly decreased after high-temperature treatment,and the maximum weight loss and the maximum weight loss rate increased by 6.1% and 23.3%,respectively. The calculation results of oxidation kinetics show that the activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the coal sample after high-temperature treatment are lower than those of the raw coal,indicating that the high-temperature environment significantly improves the oxidation reaction activity and increases the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal.

high ground temperature  /  pore structure  /  oxidation dynamic characteristics  /  thermogravimetric (TG)  /  coal spontaneous combustion
马东, 解庆典, 赵志强, 刘方, 周齐庚. 孟巴矿高地温环境煤孔隙及氧化动力学特征. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (8) : 162 -169 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.08.0061
Dong MA, Qingdian XIE, Zhiqiang ZHAO, Fang LIU, Qigeng ZHOU. Characteristics of high temperature environment on coal pore structure and oxidation dynamics of Barapukuria coal mine in Bangladesh[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (8) : 162 -169 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.08.0061
孟加拉国Barapukuria煤矿(简称孟巴矿)位于孟加拉国西北部,是我国在孟加拉国建设的第1个现代化矿井,也是目前该国唯一一座井工开采矿井,设计原煤产量100万t/a。孟巴矿采用立井单一水平下山开拓方式,划分为南、北翼2个采区,现开采的南翼采区东西长1.6~2.1 km,南北宽1.0~1.2 km,主采煤层为石炭—二叠系Ⅵ煤,煤层厚38.0~40.52 m,变质程度低,为容易自燃煤层[1]。孟巴矿煤层地质赋存条件复杂,矿井地温高,开采的Ⅵ煤层地温常年处于38~50 ℃[2]。矿井高地温不仅会带来高温热害,还会促进煤低温氧化进程,导致煤自然发火危险性显著提高,历史上1110、1204、1308等工作面在回采过程中发生的煤自燃灾害都跟煤层的高地温有关[3-4]。因此,研究孟巴矿高地温环境下煤自燃特性及发火特征,对于防治高地温矿井煤层自然发火、保障矿井安全高效开采具有十分重要的意义。
针对矿井高地温环境对煤自燃特性的影响,国内外相关学者开展了大量的研究。CHAO Jiangkun[5]、JIA Huilin[6]等研究表明:高地温环境条件与煤自燃过程中的产气产热特征紧密相关;邓军[7]、马砺[8-9]等发现,40℃恒温处理后煤样的耗氧速率、CO产生率、CO2产生率和放热强度均高于原煤样,高温环境有利于提高煤体的产气速率和放热强度;NIU Huiyong等[10-11]发现,高温处理后煤样的交叉点温度降低、氧化放热效应增强;马冬娟等[12]测试了高地温对8种不同变质程度煤氧化特性的影响,发现地温对不同变质程度煤自燃特性的影响存在差异,高地温条件下低阶煤的产气量更大,即低阶煤更易受高地温环境影响。此外,部分研究还关注了高地温对煤自然发火期的影响,如SARGENANT[13]、杨胜强[14]等通过绝热氧化试验,发现地温升高可明显缩短绝热氧化时间,增大自热危险性。上述研究表明:高地温环境对煤自然发火特性有显著影响,但高地温环境对煤自燃特性的影响并不限于宏观上产气产热特征的变化,而内在孔隙结构与氧化动力学特征也会受地温影响而发生变化,进而导致煤自燃特性的改变。
鉴于此,笔者选取孟巴矿高地温煤层工作面煤样,采用低温氮气吸附和同步热分析方法,探究高地温环境对孔隙结构和煤自燃氧化动力学特性的影响,揭示高地温环境对煤自燃的影响特征,为高地温环境下矿井煤自燃防治提供参考。
研究团队于2023年3月赴孟加拉国Barapukuria煤矿现场调研,获取了孟巴矿Ⅵ煤层1306工作面煤样,煤样现场密封完好,送至实验室进行分析测试。将煤样表面的氧化层剥离,采用球磨机将煤样破碎并筛分出0.18~0.425 、0.008~0.075 mm粒径备用。为模拟高地温环境,选用研磨后的煤样放置于金属煤样罐,用控温炉对煤样罐分别进行40、50、60 ℃恒温加热,罐内空气流量设定为20 mL/min,煤样在罐内处理30天后备用。未处理的原煤样和预处理煤样分别标记为1306原煤样、1306-40、1306-50、1306-60 ℃。孟巴煤矿1306工作面原煤的水分(Mad)、灰分(Aad)、挥发分(Vad)以及固定碳(FCad)含量见表1
煤的孔隙结构分析采用全自动比表面积和孔径分布分析仪,可测试小孔(<2 nm)、中孔(2~50 nm)、部分大孔(>50 nm)的孔径分布和比表面积。为减小脱气的高真空处理对煤体表面的影响,选取0.18~0.425 mm粒径煤样,根据测试标准文献[15],煤样在测试前需在110 ℃下真空脱气10 h,脱气后将装有煤样的样品管转移至分析站,在77 K低温条件下进行煤的低温氮气吸附试验。根据BET(Brunauer Emmett Teller)方程计算煤样的比表面积,使用BJH(Barrett Joyner Halenda)方法计算煤样各孔径范围的孔径分布。
采用同步热分析仪分析煤的氧化动力学特征,试验选取0.008~0.075 mm粒径煤样,每次试验的样品量为10 mg,以减小由于颗粒间与颗粒内部传热不均匀造成的试验误差。试验中,采用热重(Thermogravimetry,TG)分析法,升温范围为30~800 ℃,升温速率设定为10 ℃/min,试验气体为100 mL/min干空气。为确保样品温度、环境温度以及检测温度达到稳定的条件,将煤样在30 ℃恒温放置30 min。
为明确高地温对煤孔隙结构特征的影响,测试并分析不同温度处理后煤的孔径分布特征。孟巴矿1306工作面原煤样和预处理煤样的N2吸附-脱附等温曲线如图1所示。由图1可以看出,煤样的N2吸附-脱附等温曲线具有相同趋势,即低温吸附过程中,氮气分子首先在煤样中富集,此后吸附曲线经历了单层吸附和多层吸附阶段,分别对应吸附曲线的膝形弯曲和直线阶段;当相对压力大于0.4时,吸附曲线经历了毛细凝聚过程,大量氮气分子凝聚并转化为液态[16]。吸脱附曲线形成的磁滞回线可反映煤样中的孔隙形状,根据国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry,IUPAC)分类标准,煤的磁滞回线说明煤样中存在大量的狭缝形孔,且存在大量的非规则纳米型孔[17]。相比于原煤样,高地温处理后煤样的吸附—脱附曲线形状未发生变化,说明该形状的孔隙结构稳定,高地温不会导致孔隙形状发生明显变化。此外,从图1中可以看出,随预处理温度从40 ℃升高至60 ℃,煤样的吸附量由原煤的5.08 mL/g分别增大至5.19、5.38、6.45 mL/g,相较于原煤样分别增大了2.1%、5.9%、27%,说明煤体氮气吸附量随地温的升高逐渐增大,且当地温为60 ℃时氮气吸附量显著提高。
采用BJH方法分析孟巴煤矿1306工作面原煤样和不同温度处理后煤样的孔径分布,得到孔径分布曲线如图2所示,计算得到的各孔型比例如图3所示。从图2可以看出,不同试验条件下,煤的孔径分布曲线整体呈相似的变化特征,孔体积随孔径增大而逐渐降低。经高温处理后,1~2 nm的微孔和2~10 nm的中孔体积增大,而大孔孔径的分布与原煤相似。根据计算得到的各孔型体积比例,孟巴矿1306工作面煤样中孔比例较高,占总孔隙体积的75%~78%;小孔和大孔比例较低,分别占总孔隙体积的6%~8%和16%~17%。经高温处理后,1306煤样的小孔比例减小2.77%,中孔比例增大2.38%,大孔比例增大0.39%,中孔含量增大幅度最为明显。煤中2~10 nm中孔体积的增加主要是源于高温处理后煤样的部分挥发份析出形成的新孔。随着预处理温度的进一步升高,孔壁结构破坏,部分相邻的孔隙破碎连通,导致大孔体积增大。已有研究表明[18]:小于10 nm的孔隙是煤氧吸附的主要位点,形成氧气分子与煤体表面结构的相互作用。因此,高地温影响后,煤样的2~10 nm中孔体积增大可为煤氧吸附作用提供更多反应位点,促进煤的氧化反应。
计算得到不同试验条件下孟巴矿煤样的BET比表面积和总孔容的变化如图4所示。由图4可知:孟巴矿煤经40、50、60 ℃预处理后比表面积由原煤的2.351 m2/g分别增至2.639、2.657、3.285 m2/g,总孔容经由0.007 88 mL/g分别增大至0.008 05、0.008 34和0.010 01 mL/g。这是由于高地温导致煤体内部的水分挥发和挥发分析出[12],水分占据的空间空出,增大了孔隙体积和比表面积,为氧气与表面活性基团反应提供了条件,且高地温环境下煤体孔隙内部水分的失去导致部分小孔孔隙结构坍塌,连通形成中孔和大孔,地温从50 ℃增大至60 ℃时对孔隙的影响作用显著增强。综合分析孔隙结构变化可以得出,高地温环境影响可促进煤中孔隙发育,形成的新的孔隙通道从而有利于氧气分子的运移,增大煤与空气的接触面积,提升煤对氧气的吸附能力[19],对煤自燃有着显著的促进作用。
使用特征温度来评估煤样的氧化性能,由孟巴矿1306工作面的TG曲线与TG微分(Derivative TG,DTG)曲线可以得出7个特征温度,分别为临界温度t1(煤-氧反应速率急剧开始的点加速的温度),干裂温度t2,聚热温度t3,失重温度t4、点火温度t5、最大失重温度t6和燃尽温度t7,特征温度选择的原理如图5所示。
孟巴煤矿1306工作面煤样在不同试验条件下的特征温度见表2。临界温度t1是煤体氧化反应的临界点,高于该温度后煤体的失重加快。从表1中可以看出,经高温处理后煤样的临界温度由52.29 ℃降低至51.46 ℃,说明煤样达到氧化反应临界点的温度降低。煤样的干裂温度t2是煤体进入剧烈氧化反应的温度点,是吸氧增重的起始温度。高地温影响后煤样的干裂温度降低15 ℃,说明煤样的吸氧能力提升,氧化反应性加强。堆积温度t3是煤样增重速率最大的温度点,经高温处理后煤样的堆积温度明显降低,说明煤样在较低温度下即可快速与氧分子化合。此后,煤样重量在堆积温度后进一步增大,在失重温度t4达到极大值,并在该温度后重量开始降低。可以看出,高温处理后煤样的失重温度降低9.57 ℃,说明高温影响使得煤样提前进入失重阶段。着火温度t5是没有外部热源的情况下煤样持续燃烧的温度,60 ℃高温处理煤样的着火温度较原煤降低了20.23 ℃;在着火温度后,开始出现挥发分分解和固定碳燃烧,失重速率持续增大,在达到最大失重温度t6后反应速率逐渐减慢,直至燃烧达到燃尽温度t7。从表2可以看出,高温处理后煤样的最大失重温度和燃尽温度t7都明显降低,说明高温处理导致燃烧反应提前完成。以上结果表明:煤样经过高地温环境影响后,煤体内部的中孔和大孔比例增大,更有利于氧气通过孔隙通道进入煤体内部而发生物理化学吸附,促进煤体氧化反应,体现在煤TG曲线特征温度的明显降低,煤体的氧化反应能力的增强。
孟巴矿1306工作面原煤样和不同温度预处理后煤样的TG-DTG曲线如图6所示。由图6可知:在吸氧增重阶段,原煤样和不同预处理煤样的TG曲线变化趋势具有一致性,煤样在失水阶段和吸氧增重阶段的重量变化近似相同,进入快速失重阶段后的质量变化明显。与原煤相比,高地温环境下煤的最大失重量和最大失重速率显著提高,当温度从40 ℃升高至60 ℃时,煤的最大失重量增大5.169%,最大失重速率提高0.056 %/℃。相比于原样,高温预处理煤样在失重阶段的最大失重量分别增大2.0%、3.9%、6.1%,失重速率分别提高13.0%、19.5%、23.3%。此外,通过DTG曲线可以得出,高地温环境促进煤体在快速失重阶段的燃烧过程,且地温越高影响越明显,表现为40、50、60 ℃地温影响后最大失重速率的出现温度较原煤分别提前31.71、34.45、98.15 ℃。
基于孟巴煤矿1306工作面煤样的TG曲线,利用反应动力学方法求解其活化能,宏观定量地表征与不同高地温条件下煤的化学反应过程。为了计算反应活化能,采用KAS(Kissinger-Akah-Sunose)积分法处理热重曲线,利用热重动力学求解煤的活化能[20]。将KAS积分公式化简为[21]:
l n G ( α ) T 2 = l n A R β E - E R T
式中:G(ɑ)为关于煤氧化过程反应机理函数模型的积分函数,经计算可知孟巴矿煤样与氧气反应符合二维扩散模型,则G(ɑ)=[-ln(1-ɑ)]-1;ɑ为转化率,%;T为温度,K;A为指前因子,min-1;R为通用气体常数,8.314 J/(K·mol-1);β为反应升温速率,试验中为 10 K/min;E为活化能,kJ/mol。
将ln[G(ɑ)/T2]与-1/T线性拟合得到关系曲线如图7所示,根据上式可知:图7中原煤样和各预处理煤样拟合直线的斜率为E/R,截距为ln[AR/βE],则根据直线斜率和截距,可计算得到孟巴煤矿1306工作面原煤样和预处理煤样氧化反应的EA
E表征的是煤体发生氧化反应所需跨越的能量壁垒,E越低代表氧化反应越容易发生;A是表示煤体与氧气分子间碰撞频率的动力学参数,煤样的A越高,发生氧化反应的概率越大。煤样处理前后EA变化如图8所示。由图8可知:煤样在高温预处理后的E均低于原煤样,处理温度从40 ℃升高至60 ℃时,E降低了2.12 kJ/mol,说明经高地温环境影响后煤样更容易氧化,自燃危险性增加。60 ℃高温处理后煤样的A随预处理温度升高降低了2.49×107 K-1,相比于原煤样降低72.9%,且50~60 ℃温度阶段A降低趋势最为明显,说明高地温环境显著提高孟巴矿煤样的氧化反应活性。
试验结果初步揭示了高地温对孟巴矿煤体孔隙结构及氧化特性的影响,阐释了不同地温条件下煤体自燃特性差异的原因。然而,由于文中是在实验室采用恒温加热的方法模拟高地温环境,与煤矿现场高地温对煤体的作用方式及过程还存在差异,未来还需要进一步结合现场实际条件,对高地温条件煤体的自燃特性开展深入研究;同时,今后还需开展孟巴矿煤体与国内的相同变质程度煤体自燃特性的对比研究,阐明高地温条件下煤体自然特性的差异及原因,为高地温矿井煤自燃监测及防治提供借鉴和指导。
1) 采用低温氮气吸附试验结果表明:高温处理后煤样的中孔和大孔比例、比表面积、总孔容均有不同程度增大,高地温环境可促进孟巴矿煤样的孔隙发育。
2) 同步热分析试验结果表明:高温处理后煤样的失重速率和最大失重量增大,点火温度、最大失重温度、燃尽温度提前,高地温处理后孟巴矿煤样的氧化性更高。
3) 氧化动力学特征结果表明:高地温处理后孟巴矿煤样的表观活化能和指前因子均低于原煤样,地温从50 ℃升高至60 ℃时,活化能和指前因子降低最为明显,与孔隙结构的变化特征一致。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52204250)
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2024年第34卷第8期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.08.0061
  • 接收时间:2024-02-26
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-26
  • 修回日期:2024-05-23
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国家自然科学基金(52204250)
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    1 中国矿业大学 煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室,江苏 徐州 221116
    2 徐州矿务集团有限公司 孟煤项目联合体,江苏 徐州 221006
    3 中国机械进出口(集团)有限公司 孟煤项目联合体,北京 100037
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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