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In order to develop the measurement of hydrogen sulfide content in coal seams towards informatization,intelligence,and automation,it is necessary to innovate the measurement equipment and technical methods. By analyzing the adsorption characteristics of H2S in coal seams,the achievements in the development and application of hydrogen sulfide determination devices in recent years were summarized from the aspects of the convenience and accuracy of the construction of hydrogen sulfide determination devices. The current research status of methods for measuring hydrogen sulfide content in coal seams both domestically and internationally was elaborate. Finally,in view of the limitations of the equipment and methods for measuring hydrogen sulfide in coal seams,the future development direction of coal seam hydrogen sulfide measurement technology was discussed,and a technical system for improving the calculation error of coal seam hydrogen sulfide loss was proposed. An integrated coal sample underground crushing and desorption system,an automated desorption gas metering system,an intelligent monitoring and automated data analysis and processing system are constructed. The results show that the coal mine underground sampling method with internal and external double drill pipes,the loss of hydrogen sulfide during drilling and sampling is compensated. The measuring device is equipped with underground direct crushing equipment,filters,negative pressure vacuum tanks,and sensors for direct underground gas extraction and analysis,improving the accuracy of measuring hydrogen sulfide content in coal seams.

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为使煤层硫化氢含量测定朝着信息化、智能化、自动化方向发展,需革新测定装置及技术方法。首先通过分析硫化氢在煤层中的吸附特性,从硫化氢测定装置构造便捷性、精确性等方面总结近年来测定装置研发及应用方面取得的成果;然后阐述国内外煤层硫化氢含量测定方法的研究现状;最后基于煤层硫化氢测定装置及方法的局限性,展望未来煤层硫化氢测量技术的发展方向,提出完善煤层硫化氢损失量计算误差的技术体系,构建煤样井下一体化破碎解吸系统、解吸气体自动化计量系统、智能化监测与自动化数据分析处理系统等。结果表明:采用内外双钻杆的煤矿井下取样方法,可补偿钻进取样过程中硫化氢损失量;测定装置配备井下直接粉碎设备、过滤器、负压真空罐及传感器,可用于井下直接抽气,以提高煤层硫化氢含量测定的准确性。

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邓奇根 (1979—),男,江西乐安人,博士,教授,主要从事煤矿瓦斯(硫化氢)灾害预测与防治研究。E-mail:

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邓奇根 (1979—),男,江西乐安人,博士,教授,主要从事煤矿瓦斯(硫化氢)灾害预测与防治研究。E-mail:

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Study on erosion wear mechanism of choke valves at outlet of ultra-high pressure sour natural gas wells[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(3): 58-64., articleTitle=Study on erosion wear mechanism of choke valves at outlet of ultra-high pressure sour natural gas wells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167865326357197247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=39, issue=12, pageStart=79, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=64, authorNames=陈大力, 陈洋, journalName=煤矿安全, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈大力, 陈洋. 对我国煤层瓦斯含量测定方法的评述[J]. 煤矿安全, 2008, 39(12): 79-82., articleTitle=对我国煤层瓦斯含量测定方法的评述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167865326424306113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=39, issue=12, pageStart=79, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=65, authorNames=CHEN Dali, CHEN Yang, journalName=Safety in Coal Mines, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Dali, CHEN Yang. A review of the methods for determining the gas content of coal seams in China[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2008, 39(12): 79-82., articleTitle=A review of the methods for determining the gas content of coal seams in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167865326483026370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=4, pageStart=113, pageEnd=117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=66, authorNames=邓楠, journalName=矿业安全与环保, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邓楠. 煤层瓦斯含量直接测定取样技术研究进展[J]. 矿业安全与环保, 2021, 48(4): 113-117., articleTitle=煤层瓦斯含量直接测定取样技术研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167865326533358019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=4, pageStart=113, pageEnd=117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=67, authorNames=DENG Nan, journalName=Mining Safety and Environmental Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DENG Nan. Research status on direct measurement and sampling technology for coal seam gas content[J]. Mining Safety and Environmental Protection, 2021, 48(4): 113-117., articleTitle=Research status on direct measurement and sampling technology for coal seam gas content, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167865326587883972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=53, issue=6, pageStart=96, pageEnd=100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=68, authorNames=柴建禄, journalName=煤矿安全, refType=null, unstructuredReference=柴建禄. 基于梳状定向钻孔的碎软煤层瓦斯含量测定取样技术[J]. 煤矿安全, 2022, 53(6): 96-100,107., articleTitle=基于梳状定向钻孔的碎软煤层瓦斯含量测定取样技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167865326642409925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=53, issue=6, pageStart=96, pageEnd=100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=69, authorNames=CHAI Jianlu, journalName=Safety in Coal Mines, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHAI Jianlu. Sampling technology for measuring gas content in broken soft coal seam based on comb-shaped directional borehole[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2022, 53(6): 96-100,107., articleTitle=Sampling technology for measuring gas content in broken soft coal seam based on comb-shaped directional borehole, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167865326709518790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=18, issue=5, pageStart=122, pageEnd=128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=70, authorNames=司莎莎, 王兆丰, 刘帅强, journalName=中国安全生产科学技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=司莎莎, 王兆丰, 刘帅强, 等. 冷冻取芯过程煤芯瓦斯解吸特性试验研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2022, 18(5): 122-128., articleTitle=冷冻取芯过程煤芯瓦斯解吸特性试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167865326764044743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=18, issue=5, pageStart=122, pageEnd=128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=71, authorNames=SI Shasha, WANG Zhaofeng, LIU Shuaiqiang, journalName=Journal of Safety Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SI Shasha, WANG Zhaofeng, LIU Shuaiqiang, et al. Experimental study on gas desorption characteristics of coal core in freezing coring process[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2022, 18(5): 122-128., articleTitle=Experimental study on gas desorption characteristics of coal core in freezing coring process, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1167865321940595062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, awardId=51774116, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助(51774116), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1167865321990926711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, awardId=2019GGJS052, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划项目(2019GGJS052), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167865318568374590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167865318576763199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, companyId=1167865318568374590, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Safety Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo Henan 454003,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167865318585151808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, companyId=1167865318568374590, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 河南理工大学 安全科学与工程学院,河南 焦作 454003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1167865318643872065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167865318656454978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, companyId=1167865318643872065, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo Henan 454003,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167865318664843587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, companyId=1167865318643872065, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 河南理工大学 瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理国家重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,河南 焦作 454003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1167865318715175236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167865318736146757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, companyId=1167865318715175236, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Safety Production of Henan Province,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo Henan 454003,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167865318748729670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, companyId=1167865318715175236, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 煤炭安全生产河南省协同创新中心,河南 焦作 454003)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1167865321038819692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Drum tumbler system and portable gas analyser, figureFileSmall=jJF5MDcfHtZxGBvHGIUIDg==, figureFileBig=+D5ZgGsvCafPR5hyIqDCJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865321114317165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, language=CN, label=图1, caption=滚筒翻滚系统和便携式气体分析仪, figureFileSmall=jJF5MDcfHtZxGBvHGIUIDg==, figureFileBig=+D5ZgGsvCafPR5hyIqDCJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865321244340590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Measurement device for H2S content in coal seams, figureFileSmall=N/wnbmDw3e46fxvv5S8bVA==, figureFileBig=DmJKQVSyPlZTZqNNm+sEAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865321298866543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, language=CN, label=图2, caption=煤层硫化氢含量测定装置

注:1-粉碎设备;2-冷却水进管;3-冷却水进管;4-循环水泵;5-过滤器;6-流量计;7-阀门;8-电动机;9-真空泵;10、13、15、16、18-三通阀;11-真空瓶;12-吸气瓶;14、17-支架;19量管;20-气体取样装置;21-微型真空泵;22-尾气吸收瓶。

, figureFileSmall=N/wnbmDw3e46fxvv5S8bVA==, figureFileBig=DmJKQVSyPlZTZqNNm+sEAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865321365975408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Rapid determination system for hydrogen sulfide gas content in coal seam under normal conditions, figureFileSmall=LHpJ4lO1HHzjR7wwBUlLRg==, figureFileBig=1r9/ZUN/ru2CarZNPX4wcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865321441472881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, language=CN, label=图3, caption=常态下煤层硫化氢气体含量快速测定系统

1-煤样罐;2-气样罐;3-反应罐;4-解吸仪;5-罐体;6-罐盖;7-箱体;8-测量管;9-刻度线;10-抽气软管;11-抽气装置;12-煤样罐出气管;13-煤样罐出气阀;14-气样罐进气管;15-气样罐出气管;16-气样罐进气阀;17-气样罐出气阀;18-反应罐进出管;19-反应罐进出阀;20-反应罐进气管;21-反应罐进气阀;22-第一软管;23-第二软管;24-第三软管;25-连接阀;26-玻璃管;27-第四软管;28-反应物进口;29-加料阀。

, figureFileSmall=LHpJ4lO1HHzjR7wwBUlLRg==, figureFileBig=1r9/ZUN/ru2CarZNPX4wcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865321500193138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Measuring device for H2S content in coal seams, figureFileSmall=7BXqfLFRfgq0ACT2Md3rPw==, figureFileBig=xzU/eY7OcaW/wl9trDZfLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865321542136179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, language=CN, label=图4, caption=煤层硫化氢含量测定装置

1-粉碎箱;2-箱盖;3-固定管;4-密封盖;5-进料管;6-密封塞;7-出气管;8-进水管。

, figureFileSmall=7BXqfLFRfgq0ACT2Md3rPw==, figureFileBig=xzU/eY7OcaW/wl9trDZfLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865321605050740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Sectional view of measuring device and internal view of the storage box, figureFileSmall=FuHZbsUOSDg48mQhYvuQtA==, figureFileBig=/bFyFSGa1aKPaYIpfN5vUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865321718296949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738628693279101, language=CN, label=图5, caption=测定装置剖视图及储料箱内部视图

1-8同图4;9-出水管;10-储水内腔;11-储料斗;12-出料管;13-电磁阀;14-连接架;15-储料箱;16-振动电机;17-连接柱;18-连接管;19-连接弹簧;20-过滤装置;21-主动轴;22-从动轴;23-粉碎辊;24-副齿轮;25-主齿轮;26-驱动电机;27-支撑板;28-手柄;29-安装板;30-过滤筒;31-设备室;32-通风孔;33-控制器。

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煤层硫化氢含量测定装置及方法综述
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邓奇根 1, 2, 3 , 项思思 1 , 周茵子 1 , 李帅 1 , 张哲铖 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(9): 99-106
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(9): 99-106
煤层硫化氢含量测定装置及方法综述
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邓奇根1, 2, 3 , 项思思1, 周茵子1, 李帅1, 张哲铖1
作者信息
  • 1 河南理工大学 安全科学与工程学院,河南 焦作 454003
  • 2 河南理工大学 瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理国家重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,河南 焦作 454003
  • 3 煤炭安全生产河南省协同创新中心,河南 焦作 454003
  • 邓奇根 (1979—),男,江西乐安人,博士,教授,主要从事煤矿瓦斯(硫化氢)灾害预测与防治研究。E-mail:

Review for measuring hydrogen sulfide content in coal seams
Qigen DENG1, 2, 3 , Sisi XIANG1, Yinzi ZHOU1, Shuai LI1, Zhecheng ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Safety Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo Henan 454003,China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo Henan 454003,China
  • 3 Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Safety Production of Henan Province,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo Henan 454003,China
出版时间: 2024-09-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.09.0204
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为使煤层硫化氢含量测定朝着信息化、智能化、自动化方向发展,需革新测定装置及技术方法。首先通过分析硫化氢在煤层中的吸附特性,从硫化氢测定装置构造便捷性、精确性等方面总结近年来测定装置研发及应用方面取得的成果;然后阐述国内外煤层硫化氢含量测定方法的研究现状;最后基于煤层硫化氢测定装置及方法的局限性,展望未来煤层硫化氢测量技术的发展方向,提出完善煤层硫化氢损失量计算误差的技术体系,构建煤样井下一体化破碎解吸系统、解吸气体自动化计量系统、智能化监测与自动化数据分析处理系统等。结果表明:采用内外双钻杆的煤矿井下取样方法,可补偿钻进取样过程中硫化氢损失量;测定装置配备井下直接粉碎设备、过滤器、负压真空罐及传感器,可用于井下直接抽气,以提高煤层硫化氢含量测定的准确性。

煤层硫化氢含量  /  损失量  /  测定装置  /  测定方法  /  智能化

In order to develop the measurement of hydrogen sulfide content in coal seams towards informatization,intelligence,and automation,it is necessary to innovate the measurement equipment and technical methods. By analyzing the adsorption characteristics of H2S in coal seams,the achievements in the development and application of hydrogen sulfide determination devices in recent years were summarized from the aspects of the convenience and accuracy of the construction of hydrogen sulfide determination devices. The current research status of methods for measuring hydrogen sulfide content in coal seams both domestically and internationally was elaborate. Finally,in view of the limitations of the equipment and methods for measuring hydrogen sulfide in coal seams,the future development direction of coal seam hydrogen sulfide measurement technology was discussed,and a technical system for improving the calculation error of coal seam hydrogen sulfide loss was proposed. An integrated coal sample underground crushing and desorption system,an automated desorption gas metering system,an intelligent monitoring and automated data analysis and processing system are constructed. The results show that the coal mine underground sampling method with internal and external double drill pipes,the loss of hydrogen sulfide during drilling and sampling is compensated. The measuring device is equipped with underground direct crushing equipment,filters,negative pressure vacuum tanks,and sensors for direct underground gas extraction and analysis,improving the accuracy of measuring hydrogen sulfide content in coal seams.

coal seam hydrogen sulfide content  /  loss amount  /  measurement devices  /  measurement methods  /  intelligentization
邓奇根, 项思思, 周茵子, 李帅, 张哲铖. 煤层硫化氢含量测定装置及方法综述. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (9) : 99 -106 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.09.0204
Qigen DENG, Sisi XIANG, Yinzi ZHOU, Shuai LI, Zhecheng ZHANG. Review for measuring hydrogen sulfide content in coal seams[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (9) : 99 -106 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.09.0204
煤炭是我国的重要能源和工业原料,长期作为支撑我国经济快速发展的主要支柱。我国的能源资源结构具有“相对富煤、缺油、少气”的特征。以我国经济发展和能源使用情况来看,预计到2050年,煤炭仍是我国的主要能源资源之一[1]。煤层瓦斯以甲烷为主,并存在其他烷烃、硫化氢、氮气和二氧化碳等气体。其中硫化氢为有毒有害气体,在河南、山西、甘肃、四川、内蒙古等地的多个煤矿采空区、废弃巷道或煤层中,发现硫化氢异常富集[2-5]。由于地质条件复杂及开采深度和广度的持续扩展,硫化氢异常突出造成的煤矿灾害事故也呈现出快速增长趋势[6-8]。根据美国国家煤炭委员会的煤炭分类标准,总硫含量超过2.5%的煤炭被视为高硫煤,而中国高硫煤分布广泛,含硫化氢煤层的开采必然大大增加[9-11]。因此,研究硫化氢在煤矿工作面的测定技术方法对煤矿安全生产具有重要意义。
目前,国内检测硫化氢气体的技术方法很多,但大多侧重于天然气等。林敏[12]对比了天然气中硫化氢的测定方法发现,碘量法适用于测定现场含量跨度大且需快速测定时,亚甲蓝法适用于测定现场含量浓度较低的,紫外荧光法及气相色谱法适用于实验室高精度测定。丁思家等[13]通过对比试验得出紫外吸收法能更好地控制影响因素,测定结果更稳定准确。梁冰等[14]提出了煤层钻屑法,通过煤样硫化氢解吸量、损失量及残存量来测定其在煤层中的含量。其中,硫化氢损失量的计算参考瓦斯损失量的测定。王斌[15]指出不同瓦斯损失量推算模型对暴露时间长度要求存在差异。杨守国等[16]指出 t法受暴露时间影响较大,随暴露时间增加补偿计算的瓦斯损失量减小。李成武等[17]发现单一的 t法对瓦斯解吸变化规律的分析不够全面,将其解吸过程划分3个阶段并提出各阶段的计算模型,但未进行误差分析。梁冰[14]、王宇锋[18]、魏俊杰[19]、高鑫浩[20]等均运用 t法推算硫化氢损失量。然而, t法推算模型缺乏考虑取样过程的破坏类型对解析规律的影响,其相对误差随暴露时间呈先增后减的趋势。现有硫化氢损失推算模型不够可靠,测定方法不能满足快速准确测定的要求,且含量测定技术和设备尚未实现自动化,最终导致测定时间长、误差大、便捷性不足,与现阶段智能化矿井发展方向不符。
准确测定煤层硫化氢含量是目前煤炭行业急需解决的一个技术瓶颈[21],也是进行硫化氢有效治理的前提条件,其含量测定的准确性直接关系到工作面安全生产。硫化氢在煤层中的吸附特性、易溶于水及化学活泼性,导致其含量测定存在诸多困难。因此,笔者拟通过分析硫化氢在煤层内的吸附特性,阐述煤层硫化氢含量测定装置及方法研究现状,指出其优缺点和适用条件,并构建煤样井下一体化破碎解吸系统、解吸气体自动化计量系统、智能化监测与自动化数据分析处理系统等,完善煤层硫化氢损失量计算误差的技术体系,以期对厘清煤层硫化氢含量测定技术及发展方向提供参考。
煤作为一种多孔介质,是天然的吸附体,煤层气的赋存形态主要有吸附态、游离态、水溶态。通常煤层中的气体均为混合气体,以甲烷、氮气、二氧化碳等为主,部分煤岩层混合气体中含有硫化氢。煤对气体吸附能力强弱随气体沸点的增高而增大,且硫化氢最低沸点仍高于甲烷、氮气、二氧化碳等气体,为-60.33 ℃,表明煤吸附硫化氢气体能力强于甲烷。在同样条件下,分子的极化率越大则变形性越大,越容易被吸附[522],其中硫化氢的极化率为3.64×10-30 m3,煤对硫化氢吸附能力强且吸附速率快,其次是二氧化碳、甲烷、氮气。因此,煤层中硫化氢主要以吸附气存在,还存在一部分水溶气、游离气。在原位温度和压力条件下,整个体系的各相态能保持动态平衡,若没有相当能量的外力作用,很难将煤层中吸附的硫化氢释放出来[23-24]。煤对硫化氢的吸附解吸与压力、温度、变质程度、水分等因素息息相关,煤体中的硫化氢除了吸附态,还以游离态和水溶态的形式存在[25]。硫化氢气体极易溶于水形成氢硫酸,其在水中的溶解度约是二氧化碳的2.7倍、甲烷的93倍,易溶于水的特性使得采用排水法测定其含量误差较大。此外,硫化氢具有极强的化学活性,极易与碱液、塑料、金属、甚至玻璃(石英)等发生反应,因而会与硫化氢取样及测试装置发生化学反应,不仅导致硫化氢含量测定不准,还会降低测试装备的使用寿命[26-30]
1990年,PHILLIPS等[31]开发了一种早期形式的滚筒翻转系统来测定煤层中的硫化氢。文献[32]在此基础上作了改进,设计了一种便携式气体分析仪,如图1所示,可直接带到采煤工作面测试现场煤层样品气体,能够在煤炭破碎过程中不断采样气体[33]。上述装置主要通过测定开采过程中煤体周围的空气来得出空气中的硫化氢含量。这只能检出空气中的硫化氢,而煤体开采过程中通常以自然解吸方式将少量硫化氢释放到空气中,大部分硫化氢仍滞留于煤体中。
2014年,刘明举等[34]提出可直接测定煤层中硫化氢含量的装置,如图2所示。该装置将地面解吸后的煤样称重后粉碎,通过真空泵集气,根据气相色谱检测装置分析气体组分。魏俊杰[19]使用该装置测得阜康矿区西山煤矿下部煤样中的硫化氢含量高于上部,进一步验证了测试装置的可用性。
2018年,赵发军等[35]提出一种分体式常温常压条件下硫化氢快速测定系统,主要包括煤样罐、气样罐、反应罐和解吸仪4部分,如图3所示。各部件间通过软管和阀门连接可单独存放、运输和使用,反应罐中硫化氢的吸附量通过红外线法计算干燥氢氧化铁前后的水分变化。但上述测定装置都采用井下直接测定法,由于煤心采样技术的不同和暴露时间的不确定,且受到硫化氢损失量推算模型的限制,存在一定误差。
2019年,杨宏伟等[36]特制一种用于测量煤体中硫化氢含量的装置,其将煤样在一个封闭空间内粉碎,然后用氮气来置换气体,并进行色谱分析。2020年,王海超等[37]发明了一种煤系水中硫化氢含量的测定装置,利用酒精灯加热和真空泵降压的方式将硫化氢从煤系水中析出,同时设置了反渗透装置,一方面避免通入硫化氢气体形成氢硫酸造成设备腐蚀及危害人体健康,另一方面避免因析出硫化氢被抽出引起的误差。但其置换和从水中析出效率有一定误差,从而影响测定结果的准确性。
2021年,王海超等[38]研发一种粉碎箱式的硫化氢测定装置,如图4图5所示。该装置通过振动电机使储料箱振动让煤样中的硫化氢更快逸出,并经过气体过滤,将气体中的粉尘过滤出来。2022年,张德鹏等[39]发明了一种以大块煤样作为测定对象的煤层硫化氢快速测定装置。通过破碎设备侧壁的初滤腔,以及连接处配有网筛用于过滤粉尘微粒。上述装置克服了粉碎装置以往测定装置不能过滤粉尘的问题。
综上可见,目前诸多学者研制出多款煤层硫化氢含量测定装置,但还存在着一系列问题:①装置构造复杂,部分零部件容易损坏;②测定装置多分为井上、井下2部分,测定时间长;③测定结果不够精确、测定费用高。基于现实需求及硫化氢的特性,使得对煤层硫化氢含量测定装置的精确性和便捷性提出了更高要求。因此,需不断完善井下硫化氢含量测定装置。
目前,煤层硫化氢含量的测定方法多借鉴于煤层瓦斯含量测定方法,按测定原理主要分为间接法或直接法测定。
直接法测定煤层硫化氢含量,其原理是:通过钻屑法对未受扰动的新鲜煤壁进行钻孔取样,测定煤样硫化氢解吸量、取样损失量和残存硫化氢含量,最后将测得的H+部分累加[14]。直接测定法包括4个步骤:①钻孔取样;②测定煤样组分和解吸量;③推算损失量;④在地面将其粉碎并测定解吸量。其中,现场采集煤样中硫化氢解吸量是根据水中H+离子浓度确定的,煤样从采集开始到装罐解吸测定前的损失硫化氢气体量是根据吸附气体解吸规律推算出来的,解吸测定后煤样中残存硫化氢量由色谱分析法确定。
高鑫浩[20]类比煤层瓦斯含量测定方法及煤层硫化氢含量测定方法,改进与补充钻屑法,提出了一种新测定方法。通过现场解吸量、硫化氢残存量以及硫化氢损失量来确定煤层硫化氢的赋存量。由于硫化氢气体的不同性质,解吸量采用酸碱度的变化值进行计算,损失量的计算考虑溶解于水中硫化氢气体含量和实验室推算的损失量,残存量则通过试验设备来完成。另外,还采用 t法推算乌东煤矿B3+6煤层采集过程硫化氢损失量,增加了由现场解吸时溶于解析仪中的硫化氢的量补充损失量,其准确性与否决定煤层硫化氢测定结果的可靠性。因此,单纯用 t法推算煤层硫化氢气体损失量是不合理的,且随暴露时间的增加,其相对误差可能呈现先增加后减少的趋势。这是由于现场解吸时计算pH值的解吸液为水,而硫化氢气体易溶于水,解析仪排出的水中会溶有大量硫化氢气体,而计算解吸量时只考虑解吸值,损失量也忽略这部分损失值。其次,煤是一种特殊的多孔介质,且硫化氢气体的化学特性较强于瓦斯[40],瓦斯在煤层中的扩散受到煤体孔隙结构变化的影响[41],则硫化氢运动阻力势必因放散过程而不断改变,但现有损失量推算模型缺少对这部分的计算。煤层取样过程中硫化氢损失量的推算是直接法测定的关键技术之一。因此,如何缩短煤样在井下解吸前的暴露时间即减少硫化氢损失量是目前直接法测定煤层硫化氢的关键,其次是进一步研究损失量部分的推算公式即使硫化氢损失量计算更加精确。
间接测定方法主要分为现场测定与实验室解析2部分,即游离硫化氢和吸附硫化氢的总和。具体做法是在钻孔后及时封孔,避免气体逸散无法恢复至原始压力;在此基础上安装测压管和测压表测定煤体压力,待压力表示数稳定后将压力表拆下并用球胆收集混合气体作为气样送到实验室进行组分分析,确定实际煤层硫化氢气体分压。同时将现场取得的煤样送至实验室进行工业分析、吸附常数及孔隙率测定,最后将吸附常数和煤层硫化氢分压代入朗格缪尔(Langmuir)方程即可得到吸附硫化氢含量,将再通过煤孔隙率与分压即可得到游离硫化氢含量[19]
值得注意的是,硫化氢具有强腐蚀性,会与金属、塑料等发生反应,应优选抗硫测试管及压力表,并采用防腐涂层等方式[42]。间接法测定煤层硫化氢气体含量操作简单,但准备工作量大,气密性要求高,测定煤层压力误差较大,耗费时间长,并不适用在煤矿井下大面积测定,极大地限制煤矿井下间接法测定硫化氢含量技术的应用[43]。通过上述研究可知:煤层硫化氢含量测定方法虽得到进一步发展,仍存在瓶颈问题,其测定结果与真实值相差较大。
双碳背景下,最大化提升煤炭能效,是实现我国煤炭绿色开采和可持续协调发展的重大战略需要。经过国内外学者不断探索,煤层硫化氢含量测定装置及技术方法已经有了较大进展。但由于硫化氢性质特殊,国内外现有的煤层硫化氢含量的测定装备和技术方法与实际应用尚不完全匹配。其主要原因是硫化氢的化学特性,易于与任何材质发生反应,而取样全过程中煤样硫化氢损失量的确定为含量测定可靠性的关键。因此,持续改进和完善煤层硫化氢含量测定技术及装备,是目前煤矿安全生产的发展方向。
1) 完善煤样硫化氢损失量计算误差的技术体系。目前损失量仅考虑从煤样钻下的时刻,而研究表明:钻进取样过程中直至最终取样点会产生煤层裂隙,这可能会导致部分硫化氢气体提前逸散。可构建钻进时的损失硫化氢量动态演化模型计算钻进过程中硫化氢损失量,即通过补偿硫化氢损失量的方法来减少误差,并结合传统井下直接测定方法中的煤样硫化氢解吸量、取样损失量和残存硫化氢含量部分推算煤层中硫化氢的量,提高煤层硫化氢含量测定的准确性。
2) 研发适合矿井应用的煤层硫化氢现场快速一体化测定装置。由于目前的测定装置多分为井上、井下2部分,取样送样时间长且误差大。基于对煤层精细化硫化氢损失量推算模型的研究,研发适用于煤矿井下的小型智能化测定仪器。测定装置可配备井下直接粉碎设备,同时设置过滤器初筛粉尘,另一端采用负压真空罐实现井下直接抽气,并通过泵吸式传感器直接分析所采集的气体,最终计算煤层硫化氢浓度大小及体积,进而得到煤层硫化氢含量值。此外,基于硫化氢具有腐蚀性,测定装置的材质选用需具有抗腐蚀性。
3) 研究煤矿井下“保真”取样方法。目前常用的取样方法有密闭和冷冻取样等[44-46],仍存在取样时间长、取心过程煤心温度升高等问题,导致所采集的煤样瓦斯暴露损失严重且其中伴随着硫化氢的损失。因此,可采用内外双钻杆的形式,即外部设置中空钻杆并在其中增设螺旋钻杆实现双动力连续快速定点取样,同时设置空气泵装置增大排渣动力,减小煤屑与钻孔壁之间的摩擦,并在装置外部设置一层用于冷却介质流通的通道。使得煤屑快速排出孔口同时降低煤样打钻时的升温,最大程度地降低取样整个过程对煤样硫化氢赋存状态的影响。
4) 解吸规律与取样技术的自适应。由于取样过程中改变了解吸环境,解吸规律也随之发生改变。因此,有必要研究不同环境下的解吸规律以推算损失量。可通过对井下硫化氢解吸量和解吸时间的自动计量,预设不同硫化氢解吸扩散规律模型,以信息化、智能化、自动化的手段对硫化氢解吸规律和取样方法开展最优化组合,自动绘制解吸曲线并进行解吸规律分析,自动进行损失硫化氢量计算,使解吸规律更接近真实情况,从而更加准确地测定硫化氢含量。
1) 煤层硫化氢含量大小是矿井灾害防治的基础,准确测定煤层硫化氢含量是有效治理硫化氢的前提条件。目前,煤层硫化氢含量精准测定还存在诸多困难。
2) 准确测定煤层硫化氢含量,需要从测定装置及技术方法体系方面革新。在测定装置选材的基础上,可排除脱水法,并需构建煤样井下一体化破碎解吸系统、解吸气体自动化计量系统、智能化监测与自动化数据分析处理系统等。
3) 降低取样全过程中煤样硫化氢损失量为重要因素,可进一步完善煤样硫化氢损失量计算误差的技术体系、提高取样工艺的普适性、实现解吸规律与取样技术的自适应。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(51774116)
  • 河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划项目(2019GGJS052)
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2024年第34卷第9期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.09.0204
  • 接收时间:2024-04-09
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-09-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-09
  • 修回日期:2024-07-12
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国家自然科学基金资助(51774116)
河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划项目(2019GGJS052)
作者信息
    1 河南理工大学 安全科学与工程学院,河南 焦作 454003
    2 河南理工大学 瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理国家重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,河南 焦作 454003
    3 煤炭安全生产河南省协同创新中心,河南 焦作 454003
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.09.0204
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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