Article(id=1149738622758338864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738621005119786, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)09-0034-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.09.1353, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710259200000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-13, revisedDate=1718899200000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752048648775, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1727452800000, pubDateStr=2024-09-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752048648775, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752048648775, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752048648775, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149738621005119786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752048648358, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401551172, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190322751816581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738621005119786, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190322751816582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738621005119786, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=34, endPage=40, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149738622976442673, articleId=1149738622758338864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Classification model of oil and gas pipeline accidents causes and its social network analysis, columnId=1149733271128420907, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety social science and safety management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In order to improve the effectiveness of oil and gas pipeline accident prevention strategies,a classification model for the causes of oil and gas pipeline accidents was developed,and social network analysis was applied to the classification model. Firstly,the STAMP model and HFACS model were combined to get the control structure of oil and gas pipeline accident prevention,and then the causes of 35 oil and gas pipeline accidents at home and abroad were analyzed according to the control structure. The analysis results were coded using grounded theory to get the classification model for the causes of oil and gas pipeline accidents. Social network analysis methods were applied to construct a relationship network of factors related to oil and gas pipeline accidents,and core edge analysis,centrality analysis,and correlation direction index analysis were used to identify the core factors and factors with high correlation and strong influence in the oil and gas pipeline accident classification model. The research results show that the classification model for the causes of oil and gas pipeline accidents included 6 levels and 22 bottom cause factors,which are government and regulatory factors,third-party factors,operator organizational factors,operator unsafe supervision and the prerequisites for unsafe behavior of on-site personnel. Among the causal factors,the internal factors of the government and regulatory authorities,organizational factors of operators,unsafe supervision of operators,and third-party factors are core factors. System flaws,insufficient supervision,improper operation plans,third-party sabotage behavior,pipeline and weld defects,construction/repair/accessory issues,and skill errors are factors with high correlation and strong influence.
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为提高油气管道事故预防策略的有效性,首先,基于系统理论事故建模与过程(STAMP)模型及人为因素分析与分类系统(HFACS)模型,建立油气管道事故预防控制结构,分析国内外35起油气管道事故原因,并依据扎根理论对分析结果进行统计编码,得出油气管道事故原因分类模型;其次,应用社会网络分析法构建油气管道事故原因关系网络,通过核心—边缘分析、中心性分析和关联方向指数分析,识别油气管道事故原因中核心及具有高关联性和强影响力因素。研究结果表明:油气管道事故原因分类模型包含6个层次:政府及监管部门因素、第三方因素、运营商组织因素、运营商不安全监督、现场人员不安全行为的前提条件、现场人员的不安全行为,并可将其细分为22个最底层原因因素。其中,政府及监管部门因素、运营商组织因素、运营商不安全监督和第三方因素均为核心因素;制度缺陷、监督不充分、运行计划不当、第三方破坏行为、管材与焊缝缺陷、施工/维修/配件问题、技能失误均为具有高关联性和强影响力因素。
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宫运华 (1983—),女,河北邢台人,博士,讲师,主要从事安全管理、行为安全、安全文化、安全领导力等方面的研究。E-mail:yunhua0626@163.com。
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宫运华 (1983—),女,河北邢台人,博士,讲师,主要从事安全管理、行为安全、安全文化、安全领导力等方面的研究。E-mail:yunhua0626@163.com。
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Control structure of oil and gas pipeline accident prevention, figureFileSmall=WPLUb6hTNS6m60Qdh/qV3A==, figureFileBig=5KXF1bKFH/Q1C+eUBdyPEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865386188939976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
油气管道事故预防控制结构, figureFileSmall=WPLUb6hTNS6m60Qdh/qV3A==, figureFileBig=5KXF1bKFH/Q1C+eUBdyPEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865386251854537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Classification model of accident causal factors in oil and gas pipeline industry, figureFileSmall=QM4Cbrk7UhaFnYozhFqoXA==, figureFileBig=bYebrmduVySqPFkymzi3zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865386335740618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
油气管道事故原因分类模型, figureFileSmall=QM4Cbrk7UhaFnYozhFqoXA==, figureFileBig=bYebrmduVySqPFkymzi3zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865386448986827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Accident causal factors network of oil and gas pipeline, figureFileSmall=jJH/ZmczHfLyOzGQgTat3Q==, figureFileBig=JykSDi7R68h/FPEbLY4WYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865386541261516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
油气管道事故原因网络, figureFileSmall=jJH/ZmczHfLyOzGQgTat3Q==, figureFileBig=JykSDi7R68h/FPEbLY4WYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865386637730509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Degree centrality of accident casual factors, figureFileSmall=sCdd+/vuRfERsLPP9t3vYw==, figureFileBig=vq+HB+SQdq79qgtPB8HaMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865386834862798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
事故原因因素度数中心度, figureFileSmall=sCdd+/vuRfERsLPP9t3vYw==, figureFileBig=vq+HB+SQdq79qgtPB8HaMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865388911043279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Analysis results of intermediate centrality of accident prevention failure factors, figureFileSmall=40RlLPKBuBXbmwHCl0tUoQ==, figureFileBig=aI4mbT6zNCes/l76YzzoXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865389003317968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
事故原因因素网络中间中心度, figureFileSmall=40RlLPKBuBXbmwHCl0tUoQ==, figureFileBig=aI4mbT6zNCes/l76YzzoXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865389087204049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Analysis result of correlation direction index of accident causal fact, figureFileSmall=QaFVfIJsQun22v/On76bYw==, figureFileBig=HfSru2lfoG0v9Y4BzVF5TQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865389229810386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
事故原因因素关联方向指数分析结果, figureFileSmall=QaFVfIJsQun22v/On76bYw==, figureFileBig=HfSru2lfoG0v9Y4BzVF5TQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167865389405971155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
35 accident cases
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 年份 | 国家 | 事故 |
| 1994 | 加拿大 | 萨斯喀彻温省FootHills公司天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 1995 | 加拿大 | 曼尼托巴省TransCanada公司天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 1996 | 加拿大 | 诺伯特省TransCanada公司天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 1996 | 加拿大 | 萨斯喀彻温省InterProvincial公司原油管道破裂事故 |
| 1997 | 加拿大 | 萨斯喀彻温省TransCanada公司天然气管道爆炸事故 |
| 1999 | 加拿大 | 萨斯喀彻温省Enbridge公司原油管道破裂事故 |
| 2000 | 加拿大 | 不列颠哥伦比亚省West Coast公司天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 2000 | 加拿大 | 魁北克省Gazoduc TQM公司天然气泄漏爆炸事故 |
| 2001 | 加拿大 | 阿尔伯特省Enbridge公司原油管道破裂事故 |
| 2001 | 加拿大 | 安大略省Enbridge公司原油管道破裂事故 |
| 2002 | 加拿大 | 魁北克省Trans-Northern公司成油管道破裂事故 |
| 2002 | 加拿大 | 曼尼托巴省TransCanada天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 2004 | 美国 | 堪萨斯州危险液体管道泄漏事故 |
| 2005 | 加拿大 | 不列颠哥伦比亚省Terason公司原油管道破裂事故 |
| 2007 | 加拿大 | 不列颠哥伦比亚省Trans Mountain公司原油管道破裂事故 |
| 2007 | 美国 | 密西西比州卡迈克尔危险液体管道破裂事故 |
| 2007 | 加拿大 | 萨斯喀彻温省Enbridge公司原油管道破裂事件 |
| 2008 | 美国 | 宾夕法尼亚州Dominion Peoples公司天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 2009 | 加拿大 | 安大略省TransCanada管道公司天然气管道破裂事件 |
| 2009 | 美国 | 佛罗里达州GasTransport公司天然气管道破裂泄漏事故 |
| 2009 | 加拿大 | 萨斯喀彻温省Enbridge公司原油管道泄漏事故 |
| 2010 | 美国 | 德克萨斯州Enterprise公司天然气管道爆炸事故 |
| 2010 | 美国 | 加州PG&E公司天然气输送管道爆裂起火事故 |
| 2010 | 美国 | 密歇根州Enbridge公司危险液体管道破裂泄漏事故报告 |
| 2010 | 美国 | 萨伊利诺伊州Enbridge公司输油管道泄漏事故 |
| 2011 | 加拿大 | 安大略省TransCanada公司天然气管道爆炸起火事故 |
| 2011 | 加拿大 | Plains公司NPS20 Rainbow管道泄漏事故 |
| 2012 | 加拿大 | 不列颠哥伦比亚省West Coast公司天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 2012 | 美国 | 西弗吉尼亚州Columbia输气公司天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 2013 | 中国 | 山东青岛“11·22”中石化东黄输油管道泄漏爆炸事故 |
| 2014 | 中国 | 辽宁大连“6·30”新大原油管道破坏泄漏事故 |
| 2016 | 美国 | 内布拉斯加州Magellan管道无水氨泄漏事故 |
| 2017 | 加拿大 | 南达科他州TransCanada公司管道破裂事故 |
| 2018 | 美国 | 得克萨斯州Atmos能源公司天然气爆炸事故 |
| 2019 | 美国 | 加利福尼亚州旧金山管道爆炸事故 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167865389544383188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
35起事故案例
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 年份 | 国家 | 事故 |
| 1994 | 加拿大 | 萨斯喀彻温省FootHills公司天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 1995 | 加拿大 | 曼尼托巴省TransCanada公司天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 1996 | 加拿大 | 诺伯特省TransCanada公司天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 1996 | 加拿大 | 萨斯喀彻温省InterProvincial公司原油管道破裂事故 |
| 1997 | 加拿大 | 萨斯喀彻温省TransCanada公司天然气管道爆炸事故 |
| 1999 | 加拿大 | 萨斯喀彻温省Enbridge公司原油管道破裂事故 |
| 2000 | 加拿大 | 不列颠哥伦比亚省West Coast公司天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 2000 | 加拿大 | 魁北克省Gazoduc TQM公司天然气泄漏爆炸事故 |
| 2001 | 加拿大 | 阿尔伯特省Enbridge公司原油管道破裂事故 |
| 2001 | 加拿大 | 安大略省Enbridge公司原油管道破裂事故 |
| 2002 | 加拿大 | 魁北克省Trans-Northern公司成油管道破裂事故 |
| 2002 | 加拿大 | 曼尼托巴省TransCanada天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 2004 | 美国 | 堪萨斯州危险液体管道泄漏事故 |
| 2005 | 加拿大 | 不列颠哥伦比亚省Terason公司原油管道破裂事故 |
| 2007 | 加拿大 | 不列颠哥伦比亚省Trans Mountain公司原油管道破裂事故 |
| 2007 | 美国 | 密西西比州卡迈克尔危险液体管道破裂事故 |
| 2007 | 加拿大 | 萨斯喀彻温省Enbridge公司原油管道破裂事件 |
| 2008 | 美国 | 宾夕法尼亚州Dominion Peoples公司天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 2009 | 加拿大 | 安大略省TransCanada管道公司天然气管道破裂事件 |
| 2009 | 美国 | 佛罗里达州GasTransport公司天然气管道破裂泄漏事故 |
| 2009 | 加拿大 | 萨斯喀彻温省Enbridge公司原油管道泄漏事故 |
| 2010 | 美国 | 德克萨斯州Enterprise公司天然气管道爆炸事故 |
| 2010 | 美国 | 加州PG&E公司天然气输送管道爆裂起火事故 |
| 2010 | 美国 | 密歇根州Enbridge公司危险液体管道破裂泄漏事故报告 |
| 2010 | 美国 | 萨伊利诺伊州Enbridge公司输油管道泄漏事故 |
| 2011 | 加拿大 | 安大略省TransCanada公司天然气管道爆炸起火事故 |
| 2011 | 加拿大 | Plains公司NPS20 Rainbow管道泄漏事故 |
| 2012 | 加拿大 | 不列颠哥伦比亚省West Coast公司天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 2012 | 美国 | 西弗吉尼亚州Columbia输气公司天然气管道破裂事故 |
| 2013 | 中国 | 山东青岛“11·22”中石化东黄输油管道泄漏爆炸事故 |
| 2014 | 中国 | 辽宁大连“6·30”新大原油管道破坏泄漏事故 |
| 2016 | 美国 | 内布拉斯加州Magellan管道无水氨泄漏事故 |
| 2017 | 加拿大 | 南达科他州TransCanada公司管道破裂事故 |
| 2018 | 美国 | 得克萨斯州Atmos能源公司天然气爆炸事故 |
| 2019 | 美国 | 加利福尼亚州旧金山管道爆炸事故 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167865389653435093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Coding results of accident causal factors according to GT
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 选择式编码 | 主轴式编码 | 开放式编码 | 频数 | 占比/% |
政府及监 管部门 | 安全监管 不到位 | 安全检查不力 督促企业安全 管理不到位 | 5 | 14.29 |
相关规 定缺陷 | 监督计划、规 程有缺陷 | 9 | 25.71 |
| 执法不力 | 未对违法行为 进行及时惩戒 | 4 | 11.43 |
第三方 因素 | 第三方破 坏行为 | 现场操作 不规范 | 3 | 8.57 |
第三方违 反规程 | 造成长期的 不安全条件 | 3 | 8.57 |
运营商组 织因素 | 不良的组 织氛围 | 未将管道泄漏 事件放在首位 | 5 | 14.29 |
资源管 理不当 | 安全资源配 备不足 | 4 | 11.43 |
组织程序规 章有缺陷 | 程序有缺陷 | 18 | 51.43 |
| 制度有缺陷 | 8 | 22.86 |
运营商不 安全监督 | 监督不 充分 | 安全教育培 训不足 | 7 | 20.00 |
对第三方监 督不足 | 8 | 22.86 |
管道风险评价 不准确 | 13 | 37.14 |
信息记录不 充分 | 10 | 28.57 |
未及时消除安 全隐患 | 6 | 17.14 |
监督 违规 | 未为第三方施工 提供准确信息 | 3 | 8.57 |
运行计 划不当 | 计划规定 不合理 | 7 | 20.00 |
时间安排不 合理 | 3 | 8.57 |
技术程序不 适当 | 9 | 25.71 |
现场人员不 安全行为的 前提条件 | 环境因素 | 物理环境 | 23 | 65.71 |
| 技术环境 | 28 | 80.00 |
| 人员因素 | 操作人员知 识不足 | 2 | 5.71 |
现场人员的 不安全行为 | 失误 | 技能失误 | 7 | 20.00 |
| 决策失误 | 3 | 8.57 |
| 违规 | 偶然性违规 | 2 | 5.71 |
| 习惯性违规 | 3 | 8.57 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167865389770875606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
基于GT的事故原因因素编码
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 选择式编码 | 主轴式编码 | 开放式编码 | 频数 | 占比/% |
政府及监 管部门 | 安全监管 不到位 | 安全检查不力 督促企业安全 管理不到位 | 5 | 14.29 |
相关规 定缺陷 | 监督计划、规 程有缺陷 | 9 | 25.71 |
| 执法不力 | 未对违法行为 进行及时惩戒 | 4 | 11.43 |
第三方 因素 | 第三方破 坏行为 | 现场操作 不规范 | 3 | 8.57 |
第三方违 反规程 | 造成长期的 不安全条件 | 3 | 8.57 |
运营商组 织因素 | 不良的组 织氛围 | 未将管道泄漏 事件放在首位 | 5 | 14.29 |
资源管 理不当 | 安全资源配 备不足 | 4 | 11.43 |
组织程序规 章有缺陷 | 程序有缺陷 | 18 | 51.43 |
| 制度有缺陷 | 8 | 22.86 |
运营商不 安全监督 | 监督不 充分 | 安全教育培 训不足 | 7 | 20.00 |
对第三方监 督不足 | 8 | 22.86 |
管道风险评价 不准确 | 13 | 37.14 |
信息记录不 充分 | 10 | 28.57 |
未及时消除安 全隐患 | 6 | 17.14 |
监督 违规 | 未为第三方施工 提供准确信息 | 3 | 8.57 |
运行计 划不当 | 计划规定 不合理 | 7 | 20.00 |
时间安排不 合理 | 3 | 8.57 |
技术程序不 适当 | 9 | 25.71 |
现场人员不 安全行为的 前提条件 | 环境因素 | 物理环境 | 23 | 65.71 |
| 技术环境 | 28 | 80.00 |
| 人员因素 | 操作人员知 识不足 | 2 | 5.71 |
现场人员的 不安全行为 | 失误 | 技能失误 | 7 | 20.00 |
| 决策失误 | 3 | 8.57 |
| 违规 | 偶然性违规 | 2 | 5.71 |
| 习惯性违规 | 3 | 8.57 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167865389934453463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Codes of accident causal factors
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 系统因素类别 | 具体因素 |
| 第三方因素TP | 第三方破坏行为TP1、第三方违反规程TP2 |
| 政府及监管部门因素GR | 安全监管不到位GR1、相关规定有缺陷GR2、执法不力GR3 |
| 管道运营商组织因素PO | 不良的组织氛围PO1、资源管理不当PO2、程序有缺陷PO3、制度有缺陷PO4 |
| 管道运营商不安全监督PS | 监督不充分PS1、监督违规PS2、运行计划不适当PS3 |
| 现场人员不安全行为的前提条件HP | 人员因素HP1、物理环境HP2、腐蚀因素HP3、管材与焊缝缺陷HP4、控制系统或技术限制HP5、施工/维修/配件问题HP6 |
| 现场人员不安全行为HB | 技能失误HB1、决策失误HB2、偶然性违规HB3、习惯性违规HB4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167865390081254104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
事故原因因素编码
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 系统因素类别 | 具体因素 |
| 第三方因素TP | 第三方破坏行为TP1、第三方违反规程TP2 |
| 政府及监管部门因素GR | 安全监管不到位GR1、相关规定有缺陷GR2、执法不力GR3 |
| 管道运营商组织因素PO | 不良的组织氛围PO1、资源管理不当PO2、程序有缺陷PO3、制度有缺陷PO4 |
| 管道运营商不安全监督PS | 监督不充分PS1、监督违规PS2、运行计划不适当PS3 |
| 现场人员不安全行为的前提条件HP | 人员因素HP1、物理环境HP2、腐蚀因素HP3、管材与焊缝缺陷HP4、控制系统或技术限制HP5、施工/维修/配件问题HP6 |
| 现场人员不安全行为HB | 技能失误HB1、决策失误HB2、偶然性违规HB3、习惯性违规HB4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167865390186111705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Core-edge accident causal factors
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 位置 | 原因因素 |
| 核心 | TP1、GR1、GR2、GR3、PO1、PO2、PO3、PO4、PS1、PS2、PS3 |
| 边缘 | TP2、HP1、HP2、HP3、HP4、HP5、HP6、HB1、HB2、HB3、HB4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167865390286775002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738622758338864, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
事故原因核心—边缘因素
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 位置 | 原因因素 |
| 核心 | TP1、GR1、GR2、GR3、PO1、PO2、PO3、PO4、PS1、PS2、PS3 |
| 边缘 | TP2、HP1、HP2、HP3、HP4、HP5、HP6、HB1、HB2、HB3、HB4 |
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