首页 期刊 论文 学科刊群 资讯 加盟 关于
EN
image
Article(id=1149735929281168336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735925967663173, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)10-0158-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0560, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718812800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-20, revisedDate=1724256000000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752048006600, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1730044800000, pubDateStr=2024-10-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752048006600, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752048006600, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752048006600, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149735925967663173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752048005811, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756361993174, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167830100474082271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735925967663173, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167830100478276576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735925967663173, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=158, endPage=165, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149735929465717714, articleId=1149735929281168336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Study on influence of nitrogen content on nitrocellulose pyrolysis process, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the effect of nitrogen content on pyrolysis process of NC，Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR)，thermogravimetric analysis(TG)-FTIR and pyrolysis(Py) gas chromatography(GC)/mass spectrometry (MS) are used to reveal the structural characteristics，pyrolysis characteristics and process products of NCs with different nitrogen content. The results show that with the increase of nitrogen content，the amount of substituted nitro of NC increases，the pyrolysis reaction rate and reaction degree increase，the proportion of light gas increases and the product types increase，and a variety of chemical recombination forms appear at high temperature. In the pyrolysis process of NC，de-nitration reaction takes place first，and then large molecules are decomposed into small molecules，and then carbon skeleton and ring oxygen bridge fracture occurs. By identifying the common products of NC with different nitrogen content and the main nitrogen oxides in each stage，a mechanism of NC pyrolysis process based on the principle of temperature division is established.

, correspAuthors=Kaixuan QI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hua CHAI, Kaixuan QI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149735937959182440, articleId=1149735929281168336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=含氮量对硝化纤维素热解过程影响研究*, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为明确含氮量对硝化纤维素(NC)热解过程的影响，借助傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、热重分析(TG)-FTIR(TG-FTIR)和裂解(Py)-气相色谱(GC)/质谱分析仪，揭示不同含氮量NC的结构特征、热解特性和过程产物。结果表明： 随着含氮量的增加，NC的取代硝基数量增多，热解反应速率和反应进行程度随之增加，轻质气体比例增大且产物种类增多，高温下出现多种化学重组形式；NC的热解过程是先发生脱硝反应，再将大分子分解为小分子，然后发生碳骨架和环内氧桥断裂，通过明确不同含氮量NC的共性产物和各阶段主要的氮氧化物，建立一种基于温度划分原则的NC热解过程机制。

, correspAuthors=戚凯旋, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 戚凯旋(1991—)，男，江苏沛县人，博士，助理研究员，主要从事突发事件风险评估与应急决策、水运安全与应急技术方面的研究。E-mail：。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=EgPL3Bwu8DmSGCcD2kBLkw==, magXml=2mhyxqgtZftReQbGPfDHfw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=A1dTK2LLTu1PZ1Kogrfzug==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=eZkqOrW9Uy62GU4UlvfgoQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

柴 华 (1992—)，女，河南焦作人，博士，讲师，主要从事危险化学物质热风险性预测、城市风险防控、安全生产、应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail：。

, authorsList=柴华, 戚凯旋)}, authors=[Author(id=1167812126790923151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xc30@mail.ustc.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1167812126858032017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, authorId=1167812126790923151, language=EN, stringName=Hua CHAI, firstName=Hua, middleName=null, lastName=CHAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Emergency Management Research Institute，Party School of the Central Committee of C.P.C (National Academy of Governance)，Beijing 100091，China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1167812126920946578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, authorId=1167812126790923151, language=CN, stringName=柴华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中共中央党校(国家行政学院) 应急管理研究院，北京 100091, bio={"img":"vsGZj8L0r5SiDbJ1++Yecw==","content":"

柴 华 (1992—)，女，河南焦作人，博士，讲师，主要从事危险化学物质热风险性预测、城市风险防控、安全生产、应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail：。

"}, bioImg=vsGZj8L0r5SiDbJ1++Yecw==, bioContent=

柴 华 (1992—)，女，河南焦作人，博士，讲师，主要从事危险化学物质热风险性预测、城市风险防控、安全生产、应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail：。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167812126644122504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167812126652511113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, companyId=1167812126644122504, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Emergency Management Research Institute，Party School of the Central Committee of C.P.C (National Academy of Governance)，Beijing 100091，China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167812126660899722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, companyId=1167812126644122504, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中共中央党校(国家行政学院) 应急管理研究院，北京 100091)])]), Author(id=1167812127017415572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=qikaixuan@wti.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1167812127101301654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, authorId=1167812127017415572, language=EN, stringName=Kaixuan QI, firstName=Kaixuan, middleName=null, lastName=QI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, **, address=2 Security and Emergency Technology Research Center，China Waterborne Transport Research Institute，Beijing 100088，China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1167812127151633303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, authorId=1167812127017415572, language=CN, stringName=戚凯旋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, **, address=2 交通运输部水运科学研究院 安全与应急技术研究中心，北京 100088, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167812126711231371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167812126715425676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, companyId=1167812126711231371, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Security and Emergency Technology Research Center，China Waterborne Transport Research Institute，Beijing 100088，China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167812126719619981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, companyId=1167812126711231371, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 交通运输部水运科学研究院 安全与应急技术研究中心，北京 100088)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1167812127327794072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=nitrogen content), Keyword(id=1167812127411680153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=nitrocellulose (NC)), Keyword(id=1167812127470400410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=pyrolysis process), Keyword(id=1167812127579452315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=structural characteristics), Keyword(id=1167812127646561180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=gaseous products), Keyword(id=1167812127722058653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=含氮量), Keyword(id=1167812127961133982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=硝化纤维素(NC)), Keyword(id=1167812128074380191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=热解过程), Keyword(id=1167812128137294752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=结构特征), Keyword(id=1167812128246346657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=气态产物)], refs=[Reference(id=1167812130200892341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=邵自强, 王文俊, journalName=硝化纤维素结构与性能, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邵自强, 王文俊. 硝化纤维素结构与性能[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2011:1-30., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812130293167030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=国务院调查组, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国务院调查组. 天津港“8·12”瑞海公司危险品仓库特别重大火灾爆炸事故调查报告[R]. 2016., articleTitle=天津港“8·12”瑞海公司危险品仓库特别重大火灾爆炸事故调查报告, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812130368664503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=8, pageStart=149, pageEnd=155, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=张任栋, 张礼敬, 陶刚, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张任栋, 张礼敬, 陶刚. 模糊推理-组合赋权的化工工艺本质安全度研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(8): 149-155., articleTitle=模糊推理-组合赋权的化工工艺本质安全度研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812130431579064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=8, pageStart=149, pageEnd=155, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=ZHANG Rendong, ZHANG Lijing, TAO Gang, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Rendong, ZHANG Lijing, TAO Gang. Study on intrinsic safety degree of chemical process based on fuzzy reasoning and combinatorial weighting[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(8): 149-155., articleTitle=Study on intrinsic safety degree of chemical process based on fuzzy reasoning and combinatorial weighting, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812130536436665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=63, issue=5, pageStart=271, pageEnd=274, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=KUMITA Y, WADA Y, ARAI M, journalName=Journal of the Japan Explosives Society: Explosion, Explosives and Pyrotechnics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KUMITA Y, WADA Y, ARAI M, et al. A study on thermal stability of nitrocellulose[J]. Journal of the Japan Explosives Society: Explosion, Explosives and Pyrotechnics, 2002, 63(5): 271-274., articleTitle=A study on thermal stability of nitrocellulose, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812130603545530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1988, volume=14, issue=2/3, pageStart=163, pageEnd=169, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=LIU Huwei, FU Ruonong, journalName=Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Huwei, FU Ruonong. Studies on thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose by pyrolysis-gas chromatography[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 1988, 14(2/3): 163-169., articleTitle=Studies on thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose by pyrolysis-gas chromatography, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812130658071483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1968, volume=6, issue=8, pageStart=1468, pageEnd=1473, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=DAUERMAN L, TAJIMA Y A, journalName=AIAA Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAUERMAN L, TAJIMA Y A. Thermal decomposition and combustion of nitrocellulose[J]. AIAA Journal, 1968, 6(8): 1468-1473., articleTitle=Thermal decomposition and combustion of nitrocellulose, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812130737763260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1958, volume=80, issue=7, pageStart=1675, pageEnd=1677, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=SHAFIZADEH F, WOLFROM M, journalName=Journal of the American Chemical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAFIZADEH F, WOLFROM M. The controlled thermal decomposition of cellulose nitrate. IV. C14-tracer experiments1, 2[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1958, 80(7): 1675-1677., articleTitle=The controlled thermal decomposition of cellulose nitrate. IV. C14-tracer experiments1, 2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812130796483517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1907, volume=91, issue=null, pageStart=764, pageEnd=786, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=ROBERTSON R, NAPPER S S, journalName=Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROBERTSON R, NAPPER S S. LXXI.—The evolution of nitrogen peroxide in the decomposition of guncotton[J]. Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions, 1907, 91:764-786., articleTitle=LXXI.—The evolution of nitrogen peroxide in the decomposition of guncotton, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812130871980990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=50, issue=2, pageStart=202, pageEnd=212, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=NEVES A, ANGELIN E M, ROLDAO E, journalName=Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NEVES A, ANGELIN E M, ROLDAO E, et al. New insights into the degradation mechanism of cellulose nitrate in cinematographic films by Raman microscopy[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 2019, 50(2): 202-212., articleTitle=New insights into the degradation mechanism of cellulose nitrate in cinematographic films by Raman microscopy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812130939089855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=272, issue=null, pageStart=137, pageEnd=147, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=BERTHUMEYRIE S, COLLIN S, BUSSIERE P O, journalName=Journal of Hazardous Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BERTHUMEYRIE S, COLLIN S, BUSSIERE P O, et al. Photooxidation of cellulose nitrate: new insights into degradation mechanisms[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2014, 272: 137-147., articleTitle=Photooxidation of cellulose nitrate: new insights into degradation mechanisms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812131006198720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=10, pageStart=247, pageEnd=252, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=丁玎, 王昱, 纪晓慧, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=丁玎, 王昱, 纪晓慧, 等. 工作场所空气中甲醛含量快速检测方法[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(10): 247-252., articleTitle=工作场所空气中甲醛含量快速检测方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812131069113281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=10, pageStart=247, pageEnd=252, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=12, authorNames=DING Ding, WANG Yu, JI Xiaohui, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DING Ding, WANG Yu, JI Xiaohui, et al. Rapid detection method of formaldehyde content in workplace air[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(10): 247-252., articleTitle=Rapid detection method of formaldehyde content in workplace air, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812131132027842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=121, issue=2, pageStart=901, pageEnd=908, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=13, authorNames=JIN Miaomiao, LUO Nan, LI Guoping, journalName=Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN Miaomiao, LUO Nan, LI Guoping, et al. The thermal decomposition mechanism of nitrocellulose aerogel[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2015, 121(2): 901-908., articleTitle=The thermal decomposition mechanism of nitrocellulose aerogel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812131228496835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=107, issue=3, pageStart=1267, pageEnd=1276, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=14, authorNames=RYCHL J, LATTUATI-DERIEUX A, MATISOV-RYCHL L, journalName=Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RYCHL J, LATTUATI-DERIEUX A, MATISOV-RYCHL L, et al. Degradation of aged nitrocellulose investigated by thermal analysis and chemiluminescence[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2011, 107(3): 1267-1276., articleTitle=Degradation of aged nitrocellulose investigated by thermal analysis and chemiluminescence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812131291411396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=108, issue=null, pageStart=133, pageEnd=138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=15, authorNames=ZHAO Jing, XIUWEN Wang, HU Jun, journalName=Polymer Degradation and Stability, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Jing, XIUWEN Wang, HU Jun, et al. Thermal degradation of softwood lignin and hardwood lignin by TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2014, 108: 133-138., articleTitle=Thermal degradation of softwood lignin and hardwood lignin by TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812131425629125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=234, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=16, authorNames=武汉大学, journalName=分析化学:第五版, refType=null, unstructuredReference=武汉大学. 分析化学:第五版[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2011:234-239., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812131488543686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=134, pageEnd=179, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=17, authorNames=MOVASAGHI Z, REHMAN S, UR REHMAN D I, journalName=Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOVASAGHI Z, REHMAN S, UR REHMAN D I. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of biological tissues[J]. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 2008, 43(2): 134-179., articleTitle=Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of biological tissues, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812131551458247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=29, issue=null, pageStart=2287, pageEnd=2292, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=18, authorNames=ALON T, AMIRAV A, journalName=Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALON T, AMIRAV A. How enhanced molecular ions in cold EI improve compound identification by the NIST library[J]. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2015, 29: 2287-2292., articleTitle=How enhanced molecular ions in cold EI improve compound identification by the NIST library, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167812131610178504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1962, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=183, pageEnd=186, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=19, authorNames=FAN S S, MASON D M, journalName=Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN S S, MASON D M. Properties of the system N2O4⇆2NO2⇆2NO+ O2[J]. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 1962, 7: 183-186., articleTitle=Properties of the system N2O4⇆2NO2⇆2NO+ O2, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1167812129810822066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, awardId=2023YFC3007305, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3007305), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1167812129936651187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, awardId=72074196, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(72074196), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1167812130045703092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, awardId=102409, language=CN, fundingSource=中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(102409), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167812126644122504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167812126652511113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, companyId=1167812126644122504, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Emergency Management Research Institute，Party School of the Central Committee of C.P.C (National Academy of Governance)，Beijing 100091，China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167812126660899722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, companyId=1167812126644122504, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中共中央党校(国家行政学院) 应急管理研究院，北京 100091)]), AuthorCompany(id=1167812126711231371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167812126715425676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, companyId=1167812126711231371, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Security and Emergency Technology Research Center，China Waterborne Transport Research Institute，Beijing 100088，China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167812126719619981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, companyId=1167812126711231371, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 交通运输部水运科学研究院 安全与应急技术研究中心，北京 100088)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1167812128388952994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=FTIR spectra of NC with different nitrogen content at 30℃ and FTIR spectra of NC-11.92 under non-isothermal conditions, figureFileSmall=UgUoMyt+BO9mZjP5A3pJ+A==, figureFileBig=JO/jN+jmRB8wNTT1x/XtEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167812128506393507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同含氮量NC在30℃下的FTIR光谱以及NC-11.92在非等温条件下的FTIR光谱, figureFileSmall=UgUoMyt+BO9mZjP5A3pJ+A==, figureFileBig=JO/jN+jmRB8wNTT1x/XtEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167812128590279588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=TG and DTG curves of NCs with different nitrogen content at 10 ℃/min(nitrogen atmosphere), figureFileSmall=VYn/jwug2gNIhLpucMbIuQ==, figureFileBig=9fjlBQXiPzZQc14jVqvx1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167812128653194149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同含氮量NC在10 ℃/min升温速率下的TG曲线和DTG曲线(氮气气氛), figureFileSmall=VYn/jwug2gNIhLpucMbIuQ==, figureFileBig=9fjlBQXiPzZQc14jVqvx1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167812128703525798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Three-dimensional FTIR spectra and absorbance changes with temperature of gaseous products of NC-12.60 at 10 ℃/min (nitrogen atmosphere), figureFileSmall=A0KRXXPon2+/rVgJZEyisA==, figureFileBig=JTKxMzgeLiiSnFVQB4K0PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167812128858715047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=CN, label=图3, caption=NC-12.60在10 ℃/min下气态产物的三维FTIR光谱和吸光度随温度变化情况(氮气气氛), figureFileSmall=A0KRXXPon2+/rVgJZEyisA==, figureFileBig=JTKxMzgeLiiSnFVQB4K0PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167812128925823912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=FTIR spectra of gaseous products of NCs with different nitrogen content at peak absorbance moments and FTIR spectra of NC-12.60 at different temperatures, figureFileSmall=i2iruUd6lbmQJDjjGoiwlA==, figureFileBig=MwL2/32mhc4ZzA0Sy1s3oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167812129005515689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=CN, label=图4, caption=吸光度峰值时刻不同含氮量NC样品的气态产物FTIR图谱以及NC-12.60在不同温度下的FTIR图谱, figureFileSmall=i2iruUd6lbmQJDjjGoiwlA==, figureFileBig=MwL2/32mhc4ZzA0Sy1s3oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167812129055847338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=TIC and peak mass spectrometry of NC-12.60 at 210 and 250 ℃, figureFileSmall=88ZICoNJNPVgDLDWKn7Gaw==, figureFileBig=xklZPv/zq/aqbx2TgR15LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167812129114567595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=CN, label=图5, caption=NC-12.60在210和250 ℃下的TIC及峰质谱图, figureFileSmall=88ZICoNJNPVgDLDWKn7Gaw==, figureFileBig=xklZPv/zq/aqbx2TgR15LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167812129202647980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Characteristic peak bands，characteristic groups and relative absorbance of NC with different nitrogen content in FTIR spectra (calculated based on the stretching vibration absorbance of -OH at 3 440 cm-1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 波数/cm-1 特征基团 相对吸光度
NC-11.63 NC-11.92 NC-12.60
1 3 440 -OH拉伸振动 1 1 1
2 1 661 -NO2不对称拉伸振动 1.94 2.35 3.50
3 1 279 -NO2对称拉伸振动 1.86 2.33 3.04
4 1 159 不对称氧桥拉伸振动 0.18 0.20 0.63
5 1 067 环间C-O拉伸振动 0.57 0.65 0.59
6 1 022 环内C-O拉伸振动 0.02 0.03 0.04
7 1 002 环内C-O拉伸振动 0.10 0.14 0.41
8 836 -NO2拉伸振动 0.94 1.13 2.66
9 746 -NO2螺旋振动 0.13 0.15 0.66
10 688 -NO2螺旋振动 0.09 0.10 0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1167812129282339757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同含氮量NC在FTIR光谱中的特征峰谱带、特征基团及相对吸光度(基于3 440 cm-1处-OH的拉伸振动吸光度计算得到)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 波数/cm-1 特征基团 相对吸光度
NC-11.63 NC-11.92 NC-12.60
1 3 440 -OH拉伸振动 1 1 1
2 1 661 -NO2不对称拉伸振动 1.94 2.35 3.50
3 1 279 -NO2对称拉伸振动 1.86 2.33 3.04
4 1 159 不对称氧桥拉伸振动 0.18 0.20 0.63
5 1 067 环间C-O拉伸振动 0.57 0.65 0.59
6 1 022 环内C-O拉伸振动 0.02 0.03 0.04
7 1 002 环内C-O拉伸振动 0.10 0.14 0.41
8 836 -NO2拉伸振动 0.94 1.13 2.66
9 746 -NO2螺旋振动 0.13 0.15 0.66
10 688 -NO2螺旋振动 0.09 0.10 0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1167812129416557486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Relative peak area distribution of NC with different nitrogen content measured by Py-GC/MS at 210 ℃

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/
min		 产物 化学式 分子量/
(g·mol-1)		 相对峰面积占比/%
NC-11.63 NC-11.92 NC-12.60
2.42 轻质气体 — — 66.59 75.79 88.38
8.47 1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮 C5H9NO 99.13 6.29 2.40 2.07
28.74 (Z)-11-十六碳二烯酸 C16H30O2 254.41 0.00 0.00 0.71
29.02 正十六烷酸 C16H32O2 256.42 0.00 3.80 2.97
30.46 (E)-8-甲基-9-十四烯-1-醇乙酸酯 C17H32O2 268.43 22.40 10.07 0.00
31.04 十八烷酸 C18H36O2 284.48 0.00 4.31 0.95
), ArticleFig(id=1167812129496249263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

210 ℃下通过Py-GC/MS测得的不同含氮量NC的相对峰面积分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/
min		 产物 化学式 分子量/
(g·mol-1)		 相对峰面积占比/%
NC-11.63 NC-11.92 NC-12.60
2.42 轻质气体 — — 66.59 75.79 88.38
8.47 1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮 C5H9NO 99.13 6.29 2.40 2.07
28.74 (Z)-11-十六碳二烯酸 C16H30O2 254.41 0.00 0.00 0.71
29.02 正十六烷酸 C16H32O2 256.42 0.00 3.80 2.97
30.46 (E)-8-甲基-9-十四烯-1-醇乙酸酯 C17H32O2 268.43 22.40 10.07 0.00
31.04 十八烷酸 C18H36O2 284.48 0.00 4.31 0.95
), ArticleFig(id=1167812129571746736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Proportion of various pyrolysis products in NC samples with different nitrogen content at 250 ℃ %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
气态产物 相对峰面积占比
NC-11.63 NC-11.92 NC-12.60
轻质气体 55.06 69.01 69.91
含氮有机物 5.16 5.24 7.2
无氮有
机物		 含苯环的芳香
族有机化合物		 1.77 3.35 3.45
脂肪族有机化
合物		 33.1 17.49 14.74
), ArticleFig(id=1167812129668215729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735929281168336, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同含氮量NC样品在250℃下各类热解产物所占比例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
气态产物 相对峰面积占比
NC-11.63 NC-11.92 NC-12.60
轻质气体 55.06 69.01 69.91
含氮有机物 5.16 5.24 7.2
无氮有
机物		 含苯环的芳香
族有机化合物		 1.77 3.35 3.45
脂肪族有机化
合物		 33.1 17.49 14.74
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1123942128916217864, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国安全科学学报, nameEn=China Safety Science Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-3033, eissn=, cn=11-2865/X, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=0, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=fkqsFM6VKlHC4gCtS5XqTw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chin Saf Sci J, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1754269350027, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=C, firstLetterEn=C, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=fkqsFM6VKlHC4gCtS5XqTw==, picEn=SHn9HgqSxtJrOcAxqD++4Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1159052918994595848, language=CN, name=中国安全科学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.cssjj.com.cn/, createdTime=1754269350050, updatedTime=1754269350050, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.cssjj.com.cn/CN/column/item15.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1159052919040733193, language=EN, name=China Safety Science Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.cssjj.com.cn/EN/1003-3033/home.shtml, createdTime=1754269350061, updatedTime=1754269350061, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/EN/column/column3.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031787341344770, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202345263519, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031787341344770, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112766, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753502583634, updateBy=18614031015, name=《中国安全科学学报》中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国安全科学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148618794941046792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751781661020, updateTime=1751781661020, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794911686661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751781661012, updateTime=1751781661012, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794894909444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=tui0IVO9FMwB61HHtX5scg==, createTime=1751781661008, updateTime=1751781661008, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794932658183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751781661017, updateTime=1751781661017, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794924269574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751781661015, updateTime=1751781661015, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155836763751993353, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031787341344770, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753502558893, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753524450387, updateBy=18614031015, name=《中国安全科学学报》英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=China Safety Science Journal, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155895925743669425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753516664205, updateTime=1753516664205, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925722697902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753516664200, updateTime=1753516664200, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925714309293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=tui0IVO9FMwB61HHtX5scg==, createTime=1753516664198, updateTime=1753516664198, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925735280816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753516664203, updateTime=1753516664203, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925731086511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753516664202, updateTime=1753516664202, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=China Safety Science Journal, journalPhotoCn=fkqsFM6VKlHC4gCtS5XqTw==, journalPhotoEn=SHn9HgqSxtJrOcAxqD++4Q==, journalFirstLetter=C, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=1, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0560, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/EN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0560, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/PDF/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0560, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/EN/PDF/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0560, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
含氮量对硝化纤维素热解过程影响研究*
收藏切换
PDF下载
柴华 1 , 戚凯旋 2, **
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(10): 158-165
收起
收藏切换
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(10): 158-165
含氮量对硝化纤维素热解过程影响研究*
全屏
柴华1 , 戚凯旋2, **
作者信息
  • 1 中共中央党校(国家行政学院) 应急管理研究院，北京 100091
  • 2 交通运输部水运科学研究院 安全与应急技术研究中心，北京 100088

    • 柴 华 (1992—)，女，河南焦作人，博士，讲师，主要从事危险化学物质热风险性预测、城市风险防控、安全生产、应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail：。

通讯作者:

** 戚凯旋(1991—)，男，江苏沛县人，博士，助理研究员，主要从事突发事件风险评估与应急决策、水运安全与应急技术方面的研究。E-mail：。
Study on influence of nitrogen content on nitrocellulose pyrolysis process
Hua CHAI1 , Kaixuan QI2, **
Affiliations
  • 1 Emergency Management Research Institute，Party School of the Central Committee of C.P.C (National Academy of Governance)，Beijing 100091，China
  • 2 Security and Emergency Technology Research Center，China Waterborne Transport Research Institute，Beijing 100088，China
出版时间: 2024-10-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0560
文章导航
收藏切换
摘要
收起

为明确含氮量对硝化纤维素(NC)热解过程的影响，借助傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、热重分析(TG)-FTIR(TG-FTIR)和裂解(Py)-气相色谱(GC)/质谱分析仪，揭示不同含氮量NC的结构特征、热解特性和过程产物。结果表明： 随着含氮量的增加，NC的取代硝基数量增多，热解反应速率和反应进行程度随之增加，轻质气体比例增大且产物种类增多，高温下出现多种化学重组形式；NC的热解过程是先发生脱硝反应，再将大分子分解为小分子，然后发生碳骨架和环内氧桥断裂，通过明确不同含氮量NC的共性产物和各阶段主要的氮氧化物，建立一种基于温度划分原则的NC热解过程机制。

含氮量  /  硝化纤维素(NC)  /  热解过程  /  结构特征  /  气态产物

In order to study the effect of nitrogen content on pyrolysis process of NC，Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR)，thermogravimetric analysis(TG)-FTIR and pyrolysis(Py) gas chromatography(GC)/mass spectrometry (MS) are used to reveal the structural characteristics，pyrolysis characteristics and process products of NCs with different nitrogen content. The results show that with the increase of nitrogen content，the amount of substituted nitro of NC increases，the pyrolysis reaction rate and reaction degree increase，the proportion of light gas increases and the product types increase，and a variety of chemical recombination forms appear at high temperature. In the pyrolysis process of NC，de-nitration reaction takes place first，and then large molecules are decomposed into small molecules，and then carbon skeleton and ring oxygen bridge fracture occurs. By identifying the common products of NC with different nitrogen content and the main nitrogen oxides in each stage，a mechanism of NC pyrolysis process based on the principle of temperature division is established.

nitrogen content  /  nitrocellulose (NC)  /  pyrolysis process  /  structural characteristics  /  gaseous products
柴华, 戚凯旋. 含氮量对硝化纤维素热解过程影响研究*. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (10) : 158 -165 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0560
Hua CHAI, Kaixuan QI. Study on influence of nitrogen content on nitrocellulose pyrolysis process[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (10) : 158 -165 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0560
正文
收起
0 引言
收起
硝化纤维素(Nitrocellulose，NC)是一种典型的含能材料，常用于工业和军事领域[1]。由于NC的冲击敏感性高且化学稳定性差，其引发火灾和爆炸的可能性极大。2015年8月12日我国天津港发生的由NC热自燃引发的特别重大火灾事故，造成165人死亡，直接经济损失68.66亿元人民币[2]。由于NC的热危害与其含氮量直接相关，因此，明确含氮量对NC结构特征及热解过程的影响、揭示其内在机制，对确保NC的本质安全、研究NC及硝基化合物等的过程安全至关重要[3]。
已有大量关于NC热解过程的研究[1，4⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-11]。KUMITA等[4]利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer，FTIR)来确定NC热解产物的关键特征结构，包括羟基、氢过氧化物和羰基等。LIU Huwei等[5]借助于裂解(Pyrolysis，Py)-气相色谱(Gas Chromatography，GC)/质谱分析仪(Mass Spectrometry，MS)测定了NC在热解过程中释放的大多数轻质气体，如CO、NO、HCHO、N2O、NO2、CO2等。然而，针对NC在热解过程中产生的主要氮氧化物尚未达成共识。例如：DAUREMAN等[6]将快速扫描质谱仪连接到束流燃烧器上，用以检测在氦气气氛下NC热解过程中产生的气态挥发物，并确定生成的主要氮氧化物为NO。但也有研究表明：NO2是NC热解过程中的主要挥发物，并推断NC热解反应发生的初始步骤是CO-NO2键的断裂[7]。ROBERTSON等[8]在NC的热解过程中检测到NO和NO2共存。此外，邵自强等[1]提出了NC的热解机制，推断出NC热解过程各阶段主要的轻质气态产物。近年来，有研究[9⇓⇓⇓-13]揭示了NC在整个分解过程中化学键断裂的位置和先后顺序，并提出针对NC热解机制的新见解。但目前尚未有关于含氮量对NC的结构特征、气态产物类别以及主要的氮氧化物分布的影响研究。
因此，笔者拟通过分析不同含氮量NC的分子结构特征及其随温度的变化情况，鉴定不同含氮量NC在各个温度阶段下的主要热解产物，综合分子结构特征变化和共性产物以揭示NC的整个热解过程，以期为确保本质安全提供理论支持。
1 NC材料及热分析试验
收起
1.1 NC材料准备和样品编号
试验选用含氮量为11.63%、11.92%和12.60%的3种NC样品分别表示低含氮量NC、边界含氮量NC和高含氮量NC[1⇓-3]，分别标记为NC-11.63、NC-11.92和NC-12.60，用以探究含氮量对NC热解过程的具体影响。试验前所有材料均被置于真空干燥机中，以防其他因素干扰。
1.2 热分析试验装置和测试条件
在10 ℃/min的升温速率下进行FTIR试验，测试前所有NC样品被研磨成细粉，与KBr混合并压缩至半透明状，气体氛围为N2，频率范围是4 000~500 cm-1。热重(Thermogravimetric，TG)-FTIR耦合了同步热分析仪和FTIR光谱仪。具体条件设置为：传输线温度280 ℃，NC样品质量4 mg，氮气流速30 mL/min，升温速率10 ℃/min，温度范围30~300 ℃，频率范围4 000~500 cm-1。Py-GC/MS的裂解温度设置在210和250 ℃;GC在40 ℃保持1 min后以5 ℃/min的升温速率从40 ℃加热至200 ℃并保持1min，再以20 ℃的升温速率加热到280 ℃并停留1 min;MS在70 eV的电子电离模式下运行，质荷比m/z位于50~650间。
2 分子结构特征及变化情况
收起
图1为不同含氮量NC在30 ℃下的FTIR光谱以及NC-11.92在非等温条件下的FTIR光谱。由图1a可以看出，30 ℃下不同含氮量NC的特征基团类别无明显差别；图1a中2、3、8、9、10处光谱特征峰对应-NO2基团振动，4为不对称氧桥振动，6、7为环内C-O单元振动[1，14⇓-16]。以1处-OH的拉伸振动吸光度为基准，不同含氮量NC样品的特征峰吸光度比较见表1。从表1看出，随着含氮量的增加，NC的取代硝基基团数量、不对称氧桥和环内C-O单元增加，表明含氮量对NC的内在结构存在影响。图1b为NC-11.92在非等温条件下的FTIR图谱，-NO2基团的特征峰吸收强度(2、3、8、9、10)随温度升高而降低，且210 ℃下8处的特征峰最先消失，表明NC在热解过程中最先发生O-NO2键断裂；同时，5处对应的环间C-O-C基团吸收峰强度随温度升高而降低，但与环内C-O-C基团(6、7)相比，其降低地更加快速。由此推断，NC的热解过程大体分为3个阶段：脱硝反应、大分子分解为较小的分子以及碳骨架和环内氧桥的断裂。
3 热解过程影响分析及产物鉴定
收起
3.1 线性升温条件下NC热解过程
图2为氮气气氛中不同含氮量NC在10 ℃/min升温速率下的TG曲线和TG的一次微分(Derivative Thermogravimetric，DTG)曲线。由于NC的整个热解反应非常剧烈，不同含氮量NC的TG曲线和DTG曲线近乎重合。将NC的热解过程划分为3个阶段，即：初始反应阶段(室温~180 ℃)，主体反应阶段(180~240 ℃)和后反应阶段(240~300 ℃)。NC-11.63、NC-11.92和NC-12.60的最大热失重速率峰值温度分别为207.19、206.70和205.73 ℃。随着含氮量的增加，NC的热失重速率峰值温度降低，峰值增加，残渣量减少，表明含氮量增加促使NC反应速率加快，热解反应更为剧烈且进行得更为彻底。
3.2 不同温度下NC热解产物鉴别
3.2.1 TG-FTIR分析结果
图3为氮气气氛中NC-12.60在10 ℃/min下气态产物的三维FTIR光谱和吸光度随温度变化情况。不难发现，最大吸光度出现在1 057.50s左右，该结果与DTG测试数据基本一致，吸光度峰值温度(206.25 ℃)与最大失重速率温度(205.73 ℃)差别极小。鉴于NC热解产物的生成与其热失重直接相关，NC-12.60在不同温度下的吸光度变化情况与TG曲线的阶段特征几近吻合，同样划分为3个阶段。
图4为吸光度峰值时刻不同含氮量NC样品的气态产物FTIR图谱以及NC-12.60在不同温度下的FTIR图谱。由图4a表明：NC-11.63与NC-11.92产生的气态产物类似，但与NC-12.60对应的气态产物有所区别。其中，1 050~1 300cm-1范围内的特征峰对应于醇、酚、醚、羧酸和酯的C-O键拉伸振动，1 600~1 820cm-1处的特征峰则对应酸酐、酯、酮、醛、酸和酰胺类物质内C=O基团的振动[15]，揭示出含氮量对NC的热解产物种类有明显影响。同时，CO2、CO、NO、HCOOH、HCHO、NO2和HCN被检测为NC在吸光度峰值时刻对应的主要气态产物[1，14⇓-16]。由于NC-12.60在圆圈内标记的气态产物特征峰更为宽平，直接表明随含氮量增加，气态产物类型随之增多。图4b—图4d给出了NC-12.60在不同阶段的FTIR图谱，可以看出，初始反应阶段的主要产物为NO2和HCHO，NO2为初始反应阶段主要的氮氧化物。在主体反应阶段，部分NO2和HCHO与凝聚相NC发生反应，生成CO2、CO、NO、HCOOH和HCN等轻质气体；NO的吸光度远大于NO2，表明主体反应阶段氮的主要氧化物转变为NO;在后反应阶段，轻质气体类型与主体反应阶段差别不大，NO和NO2的吸光度差别不明显，无法准确判定后反应阶段主要的氮氧化物是NO和NO2;在1 000~2 000cm-1范围内出现的宽平峰，表明更多的化学键在高温下被破坏，产物种类进一步增加。
3.2.2 Py-GC/MS分析结果
图5为210和250℃下NC-12.60的总离子色谱图(Total Ion Chromatogram，TIC)和对应的特征峰质谱图。分别表示主体反应阶段和后反应阶段主要的气态产物。NC-12.60的TIC图在2个温度下均呈现多个特征峰重叠，代表各类轻质气体集合。其中，结合红外测试结果分析，推断m/z 30对应于NO和HCHO，m/z 46则对应于NO2和HCOOH。不难发现，图4c中NO的吸光度远大于HCHO，同时，HCOOH的吸光度相较于NO2也更为明显，对照NC-12.60在210 ℃下2.963min的质谱图，m/z 30的丰度远高于m/z 46，进一步表明：NO是主体反应阶段主要的氮的氧化物。同理，250 ℃下1.442min的质谱图内 m/z 30的物质产量远高于m/z 46，由此揭示NO仍是后反应阶段主要的氮的氧化物。
除多个特征峰重叠外，还有许多代表不同气态产物的尖锐特征峰见表2。结合ALON等[17]研究结果，对比不同含氮量NC的气态产物不难发现，在主体反应阶段，随含氮量增加，轻质气体比例升高，气态产物类型增多。对比图4a中不同含氮量NC在最大吸光度下的FTIR图谱，发现1 600~1 820cm-1范围内的主要物质是酮和羧酸。此外，在1 050~1 300cm-1处的振动信号归因为酯类物质。GC/MS的测试结果表明：羧酸类物质种类随含氮量的增加而增加。但是，对于特定的羧酸或酮，其相应比例随含氮量的增加而降低，这与NC-12.60在FTIR图谱上呈现的宽平峰保持一致。值得注意的是，被鉴定为E-8-甲基-9-十四烯-1-醇乙酸酯的酯类物质仅出现在NC-11.63和NC-11.92的热解产物中，这恰恰揭示了与NC-12.60宽平峰明显不同的尖峰产生的主要原因。造成这些差异的原因可能是不同含氮量NC样品中化学键断裂的时间和位置不同，进而导致产物种类的变化。同时，该阶段绝大多数产物均包含羰基基团，不同含氮量NC典型的共性产物是1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(C5H9NO)。
各类物质在总产物中所占比例见表3。可以发现，轻质气体和含氮有机物所占比例随着含氮量的增加而增大，表明NC的断裂程度随着含氮量的增加而加深；含苯环的芳香族有机化合物的出现表明：NC主链上的六元杂氧环结构在升温条件下遭到破坏，发生开环和环间氧桥断裂，并经过一系列重组形成苯环结构。随着含氮量增加，含苯环的芳香族有机化合物所占比例增大，而脂肪族有机化合物所占比例降低，均说明此过程中出现了明显的化学重组现象。此外，该阶段除轻质气体外脂肪族有机化合物占比最高，不同含氮量NC的共性产物包括糠醛(C5H4O2)、双环[4.2.0]八-1，3，5-三烯(C8H8)、2(5H)-呋喃酮(C4H4O2)、2H-吡喃-2-1 (C6H10O2)、苯酚(C6H6O)和1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(C5H9NO)等。
3.3 NC热解过程机制研究
基于不同含氮量NC的共性产物，提出基于温度划分准则的NC热解过程机制，不难发现，初始反应阶段(室温~180 ℃)首先发生脱硝反应，生成NO2和HCHO，NO2为最初的氮氧化物；主体反应阶段(180~240 ℃)形成大量含羰基基团产物，伴有NO2、HCHO、HCOOH、CO、CO2、NO、HCN和C5H9NO生成，该阶段主要的氮氧化物是NO;在后反应阶段(240~300 ℃)，NC的化学键进一步断裂形成线性脂肪烃，并伴有多种轻质气体和低分子量化合物生成，发生多种形式的环化重组，该阶段主要的氮氧化物仍为NO。有研究表明[9，18]:高温下NO含量增加的主要原因归结为2个方面：NO2会在150 ℃的条件下发生吸热分解并释放出NO:2NO2·→2NO+O2，ΔH=114kJ/mol;NC的热解过程中可能存在反应：RH+NO2·→R·+HNO2?;2HNO2→NO+NO2+H2O;3NO2+H2O→2HNO3+NO。
4 结论
收起
1) 含氮量对NC的内在结构存在影响，随着含氮量增加，NC的取代硝基基团数量、不对称氧桥和环内C-O单元增加。NC的热解过程首先是发生脱硝反应，然后是现有的大分子分解为较小的分子，最后是碳骨架和环内氧桥断裂。含氮量增加促使NC反应速率加快，热解反应更为剧烈且进行得更加彻底。NC-11.63、NC-11.92和NC-12.60的最大热失重速率峰值温度分别为207.19、206.70和205.73 ℃。
2) NC的热解过程可划分为3个阶段：初始反应阶段(室温~180 ℃)，主体反应阶段(180~240 ℃)和后反应阶段(240~300 ℃)。在主体反应阶段，NC-11.63、NC-11.92和NC-12.60的轻质气体占比分别为66.59%、75.79%和88.38%。随含氮量增加，轻质气体所占比例增大且气体种类增多，该阶段绝大多数气态产物包含羰基基团。除NO2、HCHO、HCOOH、CO、CO2、NO、HCN轻质气体外，不同含氮量NC典型的共性产物是1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(C5H9NO)。
3) 在后反应阶段，随含氮量增加，轻质气体、含氮有机物、含苯环的芳香族有机化合物占比增大，脂肪族有机化合物占比降低，出现多种化学重组形式。除轻质气体外，不同含氮量NC的共性产物包括糠醛(C5H4O2)、双环[4.2.0]八-1，3，5-三烯(C8H8)、2(5H)-呋喃酮(C4H4O2)、苯酚(C6H6O)和1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(C5H9NO)等11种。
基金
收起
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3007305)
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(72074196)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(102409)
文献
收起
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
[1]
邵自强, 王文俊. 硝化纤维素结构与性能[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2011:1-30.
[2]
国务院调查组. 天津港“8·12”瑞海公司危险品仓库特别重大火灾爆炸事故调查报告[R]. 2016.
[3]
张任栋, 张礼敬, 陶刚. 模糊推理-组合赋权的化工工艺本质安全度研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(8): 149-155.
ZHANG Rendong, ZHANG Lijing, TAO Gang. Study on intrinsic safety degree of chemical process based on fuzzy reasoning and combinatorial weighting[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(8): 149-155.
[4]
KUMITA Y, WADA Y, ARAI M, et al. A study on thermal stability of nitrocellulose[J]. Journal of the Japan Explosives Society: Explosion, Explosives and Pyrotechnics, 2002, 63(5): 271-274.
[5]
LIU Huwei, FU Ruonong. Studies on thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose by pyrolysis-gas chromatography[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 1988, 14(2/3): 163-169.
[6]
DAUERMAN L, TAJIMA Y A. Thermal decomposition and combustion of nitrocellulose[J]. AIAA Journal, 1968, 6(8): 1468-1473.
[7]
SHAFIZADEH F, WOLFROM M. The controlled thermal decomposition of cellulose nitrate. IV. C14-tracer experiments1, 2[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1958, 80(7): 1675-1677.
[8]
ROBERTSON R, NAPPER S S. LXXI.—The evolution of nitrogen peroxide in the decomposition of guncotton[J]. Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions, 1907, 91:764-786.
[9]
NEVES A, ANGELIN E M, ROLDAO E, et al. New insights into the degradation mechanism of cellulose nitrate in cinematographic films by Raman microscopy[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 2019, 50(2): 202-212.
[10]
BERTHUMEYRIE S, COLLIN S, BUSSIERE P O, et al. Photooxidation of cellulose nitrate: new insights into degradation mechanisms[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2014, 272: 137-147.
[11]
丁玎, 王昱, 纪晓慧, 等. 工作场所空气中甲醛含量快速检测方法[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(10): 247-252.
DING Ding, WANG Yu, JI Xiaohui, et al. Rapid detection method of formaldehyde content in workplace air[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(10): 247-252.
[12]
JIN Miaomiao, LUO Nan, LI Guoping, et al. The thermal decomposition mechanism of nitrocellulose aerogel[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2015, 121(2): 901-908.
[13]
RYCHL J, LATTUATI-DERIEUX A, MATISOV-RYCHL L, et al. Degradation of aged nitrocellulose investigated by thermal analysis and chemiluminescence[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2011, 107(3): 1267-1276.
[14]
ZHAO Jing, XIUWEN Wang, HU Jun, et al. Thermal degradation of softwood lignin and hardwood lignin by TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2014, 108: 133-138.
[15]
武汉大学. 分析化学:第五版[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2011:234-239.
[16]
MOVASAGHI Z, REHMAN S, UR REHMAN D I. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of biological tissues[J]. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 2008, 43(2): 134-179.
[17]
ALON T, AMIRAV A. How enhanced molecular ions in cold EI improve compound identification by the NIST library[J]. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2015, 29: 2287-2292.
[18]
FAN S S, MASON D M. Properties of the system N2O4⇆2NO2⇆2NO+ O2[J]. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 1962, 7: 183-186.
2024年第34卷第10期
PDF下载
407
164
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0560
  • 接收时间：2024-06-20
  • 首发时间：2025-07-09
  • 出版时间：2024-10-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2024-06-20
  • 修回日期：2024-08-22
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3007305)
国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(72074196)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(102409)
作者信息
    1 中共中央党校(国家行政学院) 应急管理研究院，北京 100091
    2 交通运输部水运科学研究院 安全与应急技术研究中心，北京 100088

通讯作者:

** 戚凯旋(1991—)，男，江苏沛县人，博士，助理研究员，主要从事突发事件风险评估与应急决策、水运安全与应急技术方面的研究。E-mail：。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0560
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏
相关链接
论文
最新文章
热读文章
热点专题
内参
蓝皮书
产业发展报告
传播力报告
期刊分级目录
资讯
学术新闻
行业新闻
学术会议
行业会议
关于
关于我们
联系我们
北京市海淀区学院南路86号
100081
010-62199257
qkjq@cast.org.cn

中国科学技术协会版权所有 京ICP 备10216604号-4 海淀分局备案 1101084647
科技导报社主办 中国科协信息中心技术支持