Article(id=1149735926743614404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735925967663173, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)10-0116-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0037, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718899200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-21, revisedDate=1724256000000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752048005995, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1730044800000, pubDateStr=2024-10-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752048005995, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752048005995, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752048005995, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149735925967663173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752048005811, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756361993174, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167830100474082271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735925967663173, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167830100478276576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735925967663173, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=116, endPage=123, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149735927041409989, articleId=1149735926743614404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Damage characteristics of roadway wall under dynamic-static loads by gas explosion impact and geostress, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the wall dynamic response and damage characteristics of deep roadway with high geostress in gas explosion accidents,a mathematical model and a physical analysis model of the roadway wall dynamic response damage were established by using LS-Dyna software,and the numerical model was verified. The displacement,stress and damage characteristics of the roadway wall under the dynamic and static loads of gas explosion impact and geostress were analyzed by numerical simulation. The response and damage change of the roadway wall under different geostress conditions (horizontal geostress and vertical geostress) and gas explosion impact loads were investigated. The results show that high geostress causes the initial damage deformation. The stress concentration and initial damage are greatest at the corner,but its dynamic response is smaller than that at the roof. Under the dynamic and static loads of gas explosion impact and geostress,the damage strain of each part of the roadway increases with the increase of geostress,among which the damage degree at the corners is most affected and most serious,followed by the roof position. The increase of geostress makes the initial damage deformation of the roadway wall more serious,but it obviously weakens the propagation of the shock wave in the surrounding rock.

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为了解决瓦斯爆炸事故中的深部高地应力巷道壁面破坏问题,采用LS-Dyna软件,建立巷道壁面动力响应损伤数学模型和物理分析模型,分析瓦斯爆炸冲击-地应力动静载荷作用下的巷道壁面位移、应力和损伤特征,并研究瓦斯爆炸冲击-不同地应力(水平地应力和垂直地应力)动静载荷下巷道壁面的响应和损伤特性。结果表明: 高地应力造成了壁面的初始损伤变形,隅角处的应力集中和初始损伤最大,但是其在瓦斯爆炸过程中,动力响应小于顶板处;在瓦斯爆炸冲击-地应力动静载荷作用下,巷道各个部位的损伤应变随着地应力升高而增加,其中隅角处的损伤度受影响最大且损伤最为严重,其次为顶板位置;地应力升高会使壁面初始损伤变形更为严重,但是明显削弱了爆炸冲击波在围岩中的传播。

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贾真真 (1982—),女,河南漯河人,博士,副教授,主要从事瓦斯灾害防治、安全管理与评价等方面的研究。E-mail:

叶青,教授

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Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2018, 37(14):94-101., articleTitle=Numerical analysis on the tunnel gas explosion and study on the method for determining the type of burst source, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1167812362095571765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735926743614404, awardId=52174177, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助(52174177), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1167812362150097718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735926743614404, awardId=52174178, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助(52174178), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167812358555579120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735926743614404, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167812358563967729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735926743614404, companyId=1167812358555579120, language=EN, country=null, 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Different conditions of simulation

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模拟工况

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瓦斯爆炸冲击-地应力动静载荷下巷道壁面损伤特性
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贾真真 1, 2, 3 , 叶青 1, 2, 3 , 杨卓华 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(10): 116-123
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(10): 116-123
瓦斯爆炸冲击-地应力动静载荷下巷道壁面损伤特性
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贾真真1, 2, 3 , 叶青1, 2, 3, 杨卓华1
作者信息
  • 1 湖南科技大学 资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南 湘潭 411101
  • 2 地下空间防火防爆材料与装备湖南省工程研究中心,湖南 湘潭 411201
  • 3 火灾爆炸防控与应急技术湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室,湖南 湘潭 411201
  • 贾真真 (1982—),女,河南漯河人,博士,副教授,主要从事瓦斯灾害防治、安全管理与评价等方面的研究。E-mail:

    叶青,教授

Damage characteristics of roadway wall under dynamic-static loads by gas explosion impact and geostress
Zhenzhen JIA1, 2, 3 , Qing YE1, 2, 3, Zhuohua YANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Resource,Environment and Safety Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan Hunan 411101,China
  • 2 Hunan Engineering Research Center for Fire and Explosion Prevention Materials and Equipment in Underground Spaces,Xiangtan Hunan 411201,China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Fire and Explosion Prevention and Emergency Technology in Hunan Province,Xiangtan Hunan 411201,China
出版时间: 2024-10-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0037
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为了解决瓦斯爆炸事故中的深部高地应力巷道壁面破坏问题,采用LS-Dyna软件,建立巷道壁面动力响应损伤数学模型和物理分析模型,分析瓦斯爆炸冲击-地应力动静载荷作用下的巷道壁面位移、应力和损伤特征,并研究瓦斯爆炸冲击-不同地应力(水平地应力和垂直地应力)动静载荷下巷道壁面的响应和损伤特性。结果表明: 高地应力造成了壁面的初始损伤变形,隅角处的应力集中和初始损伤最大,但是其在瓦斯爆炸过程中,动力响应小于顶板处;在瓦斯爆炸冲击-地应力动静载荷作用下,巷道各个部位的损伤应变随着地应力升高而增加,其中隅角处的损伤度受影响最大且损伤最为严重,其次为顶板位置;地应力升高会使壁面初始损伤变形更为严重,但是明显削弱了爆炸冲击波在围岩中的传播。

瓦斯爆炸冲击  /  地应力  /  动静载荷  /  巷道壁面  /  损伤

In order to study the wall dynamic response and damage characteristics of deep roadway with high geostress in gas explosion accidents,a mathematical model and a physical analysis model of the roadway wall dynamic response damage were established by using LS-Dyna software,and the numerical model was verified. The displacement,stress and damage characteristics of the roadway wall under the dynamic and static loads of gas explosion impact and geostress were analyzed by numerical simulation. The response and damage change of the roadway wall under different geostress conditions (horizontal geostress and vertical geostress) and gas explosion impact loads were investigated. The results show that high geostress causes the initial damage deformation. The stress concentration and initial damage are greatest at the corner,but its dynamic response is smaller than that at the roof. Under the dynamic and static loads of gas explosion impact and geostress,the damage strain of each part of the roadway increases with the increase of geostress,among which the damage degree at the corners is most affected and most serious,followed by the roof position. The increase of geostress makes the initial damage deformation of the roadway wall more serious,but it obviously weakens the propagation of the shock wave in the surrounding rock.

gas explosion impact  /  geostress  /  dynamic and static load  /  roadway wall  /  damage
贾真真, 叶青, 杨卓华. 瓦斯爆炸冲击-地应力动静载荷下巷道壁面损伤特性. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (10) : 116 -123 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0037
Zhenzhen JIA, Qing YE, Zhuohua YANG. Damage characteristics of roadway wall under dynamic-static loads by gas explosion impact and geostress[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (10) : 116 -123 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0037
煤炭是我国的主体能源,在能源发展中发挥着至关重要的作用,是保障我国能源安全的重要基石。然而,在煤炭开采过程中,瓦斯爆炸会导致人员伤亡、巷道设施严重破坏,严重威胁煤炭的安全开采[1-3],因此,研究瓦斯爆炸破坏特性对防控煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害和应急救援具有重要意义。
煤矿深部巷道开挖后,高地应力会对巷道围岩造成损伤,在爆炸冲击-地应力的耦合作用下,巷道更容易变形垮塌[4-5]。因此,众多学者对耦合载荷作用下的破坏特性和巷道壁面响应特性开展了大量的研究。例如:高卫亮等[6]研究了山岭隧道底部炸药爆破动载下衬砌的振动速度、应力以及弯矩的分布特征,发现隧道衬砌拱底振动速度峰值最大,其次是两帮,拱顶最小。田园等[7]利用FLAC 3D软件建立了地下巷道数值模型,分析了地下巷道在炸药爆破振动作用下速度、位移的变化特征,发现爆破振动速度变化主要集中在巷道的顶板及底板,而巷道竖直位移呈现先逐渐变大、后趋于平稳的状态。何琪等[8]分析了开挖面上多段炸药爆破引起的爆炸荷载和地应力瞬态卸载应力场的变化特征,指出地应力不断提高,且瞬态卸载作用对损伤区的影响会越来越明显。YANG Jianhua等[9]探究了耦合静应力和球形装药爆炸作用下岩石的破碎问题,发现加载单轴静应力会使岩石破坏面由圆形变为椭圆形,并使破坏面积增大。郭双等[10]基于非连续变形分析方法,建立了岩石爆破力学模拟模型,分析了双向等值和不等值地应力条件下均质岩石的单孔炸药爆破过程,结果表明:双向等值应力条件下,爆破裂纹区近似为圆形,其面积随初始地应力的增大而减小;在双向不等值应力条件下,爆破裂纹向地应力较大的方向扩展更深。
上述有关爆炸冲击荷载对结构响应和结构损伤破坏的研究主要体现在炸药爆破方面,但是对于煤矿井下瓦斯爆炸冲击-地应力动静荷载对巷道壁面结构响应损伤特性研究还十分有限。鉴于此,笔者采用LS-Dyna数值模拟软件,建立巷道瓦斯爆炸的数学物理模型,探究瓦斯爆炸冲击-地应力动静载荷作用下的巷道壁面压力、位移、应力变化等动力响应和损伤特性。
为了合理有效地计算瓦斯爆炸数值,需要对瓦斯爆炸模型作出如下假设:瓦斯气体处于常温常压状态且混合均匀(CH4体积分数为9.5%);巷道内只存在瓦斯爆炸一种热源;巷道围岩为均匀连续的;巷道壁面光滑绝热,不考虑壁热效应;忽略瓦斯爆炸反应的中间过程。
基于以上假设,基本控制方程(质量、动量、能量方程)可以表示为:
M = Δ ε ρ ε d v ε = Δ x ρ x d v x = Δ X ρ X d v X
t X Δ ε ρ ε v ε d v ε = Δ ε σ i d s ε + Δ ε ρ ε f i d v ε
E = V s i j ε i j - ( p + q ) θ ·
式中:ε为位置矢量,表示坐标系中各点的位置;v为在空间中运动速度,m/s;ΔX、Δx和Δε分别为任一连续体的物质域、空间域和参考域的边界;ρXρxρε分别为连续体中各物质的密度,kg/m3i为作用于参考域上单位表面的力,Pa;fi为作用在物体中单位质量的体积力,N/m3;V为现时构形的相对体积; θ ·为现时构形的相对体积变形速度,s-1;sij为偏应力张量,MPa;p为静水压力,MPa;εij为应变率张量,s-1;q为体积黏性阻力,MPa。
文中采用的物理模型及网格划分如图1图2所示。为合理利用计算资源,采用1/4模型进行计算。模型采用分为围岩、空气、三硝基甲苯 (Trinitrotoluene,TNT)炸药3个部分,其中TNT分为5份均匀分布在巷道轴线上,距巷道底面h=1 m,轴向坐标分别为0.5、1.6、2.7、3.8、4.9 m,起爆点设置为模型左端第1个TNT。为消除边界影响,计算模型的长宽高分别设置为L=15 m、W=7.5 m和H=15 m。井下巷道截面通常为拱形,文中巷道高度为h+r=2 m,宽度为2 m,顶拱半径为r=1 m。模型的网格采用solid164八节点六面体网格进行划分。起爆点附近网格尺寸最小设置为3 cm,沿起爆点向外网格逐渐变粗,网格总数约59万。围岩采用Lagrange单元,以观察变形和损伤,TNT、空气采用Euler单元,以更好地模拟爆炸冲击波的传播过程。采用ALE(Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler)方法建立模型,使流体网格与固体网格重合,并通过Constrained-lagrange-in-solid关键字控制流固耦合行为。
在物理模型的上部、两侧和后侧设置无反射边界,以降低边界压力反射;在Y-Z面和X-Y面设置对称边界。为防止模型在重力效应下在y向出现不合理位移变形,在模型底部设置刚性边界。
①TNT材料模型采用High-explosive-burn材料和JWL状态方程进行描述。TNT材料模型的具体参数见文献[11]。 ②空气介质的材料模型采用Null材料和Linear-polynomial状态方程定义,具体参数见文献[11]。 ③围岩采用HJC材料模型描述,围岩材料参数见文献[12]。
为观测壁面的动力响应,在壁面上沿巷道轴线和巷道A点断面上设置数个测点。其位置如图3所示,轴线上各点Z坐标分别为2.5、5、7.5和10 m。
设定起爆时间为0.06 s、地应力为20 MPa。巷道帮部的振动速度如图4所示,在地应力作用下,巷道壁面发生了变形,且变形速度为负值,说明巷道帮部在初始地应力作用下向巷道中间挤压变形,但未造成围岩损伤。在起爆(0.06 s)前,振动速度已经降为0,此时围岩处于高应力和准静态状态,与现实情况相符[13]
瓦斯爆炸冲击与地应力载荷下巷道壁面的应力变化如图5所示。在瓦斯爆炸冲击载荷作用下,围岩应力出现重分布的变化过程,但爆炸前后围岩的应力大小和分布情况差别不大。由图5b可知:隅角处的应力集中最为显著,其次是顶板处和帮部。之后在瓦斯爆炸载荷作用下巷道围岩的应力产生了一定变化,但最终应力分布状态与图5b相似。
瓦斯爆炸冲击载荷对围岩断面各个位置的影响如图6图7所示。在加载地应力后,壁面出现应力集中,各个位置的压力、应力的大小关系皆为A2>A1>A>A3。在巷道隅角处集聚的应力最大,在相同围岩条件下,该处可能更容易受到破坏。可以看到地应力造成的围岩应力值较大,而爆炸冲击载荷造成的围岩压力、应力的变化幅值相对较小,变化持续时间也较短。各个位置的压力变化幅度分别为3.76、4.75、3.32和2.86 MPa,应力变化幅值分别为2.48、6.14、4.34和2.46 MPa。相比于无地应力情况,加载20 MPa地应力时壁面的压力和应力变化幅值更小,地应力可能削弱了爆炸冲击波在围岩中的传播。在有地应力加载情况下,巷道顶部的应力变化幅值最大,其原因是该处存在更强的爆炸冲击波反射和折射,且爆炸前的应力更小,所以动力响应更强。
巷道断面的各测点振动速度如图8所示。在高地应力条件下,巷道壁面在爆炸冲击载荷作用下的振动速度峰值较小,各位置的振动特征相似。
在瓦斯爆炸冲击—地应力动静载荷作用下的巷道损伤情况如图9所示。在无地应力加载情况下,巷道并未出现损伤,相比之下,高地应力情况下巷道发生了损伤破坏。在爆炸冲击载荷加载之前(60 ms时),巷道隅角处在地应力作用下出现了损伤,且该处的损伤蔓延至整条巷道。在爆炸冲击载荷加载后,爆源区域的巷道顶板部位出现损伤,说明巷道的损伤区域主要分布在隅角处和弯曲位置。
在水平和垂直地应力作用下,隅角处容易出现应力集中,当该处应力大于围岩的屈服强度,就会造成围岩塑性损伤。顶板处较高的应力集中与瓦斯爆炸产生的高强度入射冲击波和持续的反射冲击波共同作用下,形成了一定范围的损伤区域。由图9可知:地应力造成了隅角处的损伤,损伤深度约为40 cm;瓦斯爆炸冲击载荷的加载并未使该处的损伤度和范围的增大,但又造成了顶板的损伤区。综上,在巷道安全设计中,应该尽量减少反射波产生的位置结构,增加隅角处的弧度,或在弯曲位置加设防护材料。
本文研究5种典型的地应力条件下巷道的损伤破坏情况,见表1
在不同地应力和爆炸载荷作用下的巷道不同部位损伤情况如图10所示。由图10a可知:巷道隅角处在地应力为10 MPa时出现了损伤。由图10a图10c可知:巷道围岩的损伤度随初始地应力升高而增加,损伤区域也随之变大。其中损伤度和损伤深度最大的部位为隅角处,其次为顶板,最后为两帮和底板。地应力水平由10 MPa升至20 MPa时,巷道围岩损伤度增加了186.3%,地应力由20 MPa变化到30 MPa时,围岩损伤度增加了约75.8%。说明地应力增加对瓦斯爆炸作用下巷道围岩的损伤程度具有重要的正向效应。
图10b图10e可知:在不同地应力分布条件下,巷道围岩的最大损伤度相差不大,但损伤区域各有不同。由图10b可知:在水平地应力等于垂直地应力时,隅角处损伤深度较深,顶板的损伤区域分布较为均匀;由图10d可知:当水平地应力小于垂直地应力时,隅角处损伤区域在垂直向缩小,顶板损伤区域更靠近腰部;由图10e可知:当水平地应力大于垂直地应力时,隅角处损伤区域在水平向缩小,顶板损伤区域更靠近顶部。说明当巷道地应力在水平和垂直方向上差异明显时,瓦斯爆炸造成的损伤区域主要向地应力较小的方向发展。
不同地应力条件下爆源附近巷道壁面的振动速度随时间的变化特征如图11所示。巷道壁面在第1道冲击波到达时的变形速度最为剧烈,随后在地应力作用下回弹。在后续反射冲击波作用下,壁面发生多次振动,最后趋于平静,变形振动过程持续时间约为4 ms。表明地应力对爆炸载荷造成的围岩振动有阻碍效果,不同地应力条件下壁面的振动峰值和时程变化特征的差别很小。
不同地应力条件下巷道壁面各位置的变形特征如图12所示。由图12可知:不同地应力条件下巷道壁面各处的峰值振动速度为A1≥A>A3>A2,说明巷道两帮和拱顶壁面的损伤程度相似且大于底板处,A2处的峰值振动速度最小。由此可发现:高地应力巷道各个部位峰值振动速度的大小关系与无地应力情况一致。
不同地应力条件下巷道壁面位移如图13所示,巷道变形程度随着地应力升高而增加。各个部位的变形程度大小为顶板>两帮>隅角>底板,说明隅角处的宏观变形较小,但是可能产生大量微观裂隙。当水平地应力大于垂直地应力时,两帮变形可能大于其他部位。
不同地应力条件下的巷道不同部位损伤应变如图14所示。巷道各个部位的损伤应变随着地应力升高而增加,其中隅角部位损伤程度受影响最大,且在各个地应力条件下该部位的损伤也最为严重。当水平地应力大于垂直地应力,巷道腰部所受到损伤会相对增大;水平地应力小于垂直地应力时,底板和顶板的损伤会相对增加。当地应力较大或水平地应力和垂直地应力相差较大时,可根据此特征增加损伤较大部位的防护水平。
1) 高地应力对巷道壁面造成了较大的应力集中和一定的损伤变形,各位置的应力大小关系为隅角>顶板>帮部>底板,但是瓦斯爆炸冲击下的动力响应最强烈的部位为顶板区域。
2) 瓦斯爆炸容易在隅角处造成较大的损伤变形,其次是顶板部位。
3) 在瓦斯爆炸冲击-地应力动静载荷作用下,巷道各个部位的损伤应变随着地应力升高而增加,其中隅角处损伤程度受影响最大,且损伤最为严重。当水平地应力大于垂直地应力,巷道帮部受到的损伤会相对增大;水平地应力小于垂直地应力时,底板和顶板的损伤会相对增加。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(52174177)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(52174178)
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0037
  • 接收时间:2024-06-21
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-10-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-21
  • 修回日期:2024-08-22
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(52174177)
国家自然科学基金资助(52174178)
作者信息
    1 湖南科技大学 资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南 湘潭 411101
    2 地下空间防火防爆材料与装备湖南省工程研究中心,湖南 湘潭 411201
    3 火灾爆炸防控与应急技术湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室,湖南 湘潭 411201
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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