Article(id=1149735806870405928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735800964825832, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)11-0035-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.1881, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716134400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-20, revisedDate=1724342400000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752047977416, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1732723200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752047977416, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752047977416, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752047977416, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149735800964825832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752047976008, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756361988347, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167830080236565470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735800964825832, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167830080236565471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735800964825832, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=35, endPage=42, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149735807126258477, articleId=1149735806870405928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Research on influence of organizational ethical climwate on coal miners' safety performance, columnId=1149733271128420907, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety social science and safety management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to explore the effects of organizational ethical climate (specifically,caring,rule-based and self-interested climates) on coal miners' safety performance,a chained mediation model containing positive emotions and role-width self-efficacy was constructed. Firstly,a questionnaires survey method was used to gather data from 432 front-line male coal miners across three large-scale coal mining enterprises located in Liaoning,Henan,and Shandong Provinces. Secondly,with positive emotions and role-width self-efficacy as joint mediating variables,and safety performance as the dependent variable,a structural equation model was constructed. And the mediating effect was tested using the Bootstrap method. Finally,the survey data were empirically analyzed using path analysis and mediation effects testing methods. The results show that the mediating effects influence safety performance. Specifically,the caring climate indirectly enhances safety performance through enhancing positive emotions and role-width self-efficacy. the rule-based climate mainly affects safety performance through role-width self-efficacy,whereas the self-interested climate exerts a negative effect. Notably,fostering a caring and rule-based ethical climate,along with enhancing employees' positive emotions and role-width self-efficacy,can significantly improve coal miners' safety performance.

, correspAuthors=Yifei LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shiming WANG, Yifei LI, Haonan GUO, Jinbao LUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149735814835389431, articleId=1149735806870405928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=组织伦理氛围对煤矿工人安全绩效的影响研究, columnId=1149733271296193071, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全社会科学与安全管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探析组织伦理氛围(关怀型、规则型和自利型)对煤矿工人安全绩效的影响,构建包含积极情绪和角色宽度自我效能的链式中介模型,运用问卷调查法获取辽宁省、河南省和山东省3家大型煤矿企业的432名一线男性煤矿工人的调查数据,将积极情绪、角色宽度自我效能共同作为中介变量,以安全绩效为因变量,构建结构方程模型;采用Bootstrap方法检验中介效应,利用路径分析和中介效应检验方法对调查数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明:中介作用影响安全绩效,关怀型氛围通过增强积极情绪和角色宽度自我效能间接提升安全绩效,规则型氛围主要通过角色宽度自我效能影响安全绩效,自利型氛围则产生负向效应;通过培养关怀型和规则型伦理氛围,并提升员工的积极情绪和角色宽度自我效能,能够显著提高煤矿工人的安全绩效。

, correspAuthors=李怡霏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 李怡霏( 1991—),女,辽宁锦州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为安全管理、工程管理与数字化创新。E-mail:
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王世明 (1978—),男,山东日照人,博士,副教授,主要从事工程管理与数字化创新等方面的研究。E-mail:

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王世明 (1978—),男,山东日照人,博士,副教授,主要从事工程管理与数字化创新等方面的研究。E-mail:

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注:***表示p<0.001。

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Analysis of fitting indexes for scales

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量表名称 维度 题项 计分结果 Cronbach's α χ2/df CFI RMSEA
组织伦
理氛围
量表[10]
关怀导向 “在煤矿中我通常把个人利益看的很重”等15个题项 得分越高,越符合情况 0.86 2.42 0.92 0.05
规则导向
自利导向
积极情绪
量表[25]
“工作中我充满热情”等5个题项 得分越高,积极情绪越高昂 0.85 2.51 0.94 0.04
角色宽度
自我效能
量表[26]
“我能对煤矿长远面临的长远问题作出考量并提出意见”等7个题项 得分越高,角色宽度自我效能感越强 0.87 2.37 0.96 0.04
安全绩效
量表[27]
安全遵守行为 “在作业现场我会主动纠正工友的错误操作和想法”等12个题项 得分越高,安全绩效越高 0.93 2.32 0.95 0.05
安全参与行为
安全结果
), ArticleFig(id=1167815769443279755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806870405928, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各量表拟合指数分析

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量表名称 维度 题项 计分结果 Cronbach's α χ2/df CFI RMSEA
组织伦
理氛围
量表[10]
关怀导向 “在煤矿中我通常把个人利益看的很重”等15个题项 得分越高,越符合情况 0.86 2.42 0.92 0.05
规则导向
自利导向
积极情绪
量表[25]
“工作中我充满热情”等5个题项 得分越高,积极情绪越高昂 0.85 2.51 0.94 0.04
角色宽度
自我效能
量表[26]
“我能对煤矿长远面临的长远问题作出考量并提出意见”等7个题项 得分越高,角色宽度自我效能感越强 0.87 2.37 0.96 0.04
安全绩效
量表[27]
安全遵守行为 “在作业现场我会主动纠正工友的错误操作和想法”等12个题项 得分越高,安全绩效越高 0.93 2.32 0.95 0.05
安全参与行为
安全结果
), ArticleFig(id=1167815769548137356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806870405928, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis of each variable

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变量 M SD 1关怀型伦
理氛围
2规则型伦
理氛围
3自利型伦
理氛围
4积极
情绪
5角色宽度
自我效能
6安全
绩效
1关怀型伦理氛围 3.72 0.79 1
2规则型伦理氛围 3.69 0.66 0.158 1
3自利型伦理氛围 3.08 0.92 -0.279** -0.337** 1
4积极情绪 3.77 0.85 0.425** 0.396** -0.386** 1
5角色宽度自我效能 3.64 0.66 0.456** 0.439** -0.467** 0.384** 1
6安全绩效 3.86 0.89 0.489** 0.397** -0.388** 0.295** 0.336** 1
), ArticleFig(id=1167815769619440525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806870405928, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各变量的相关分析

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变量 M SD 1关怀型伦
理氛围
2规则型伦
理氛围
3自利型伦
理氛围
4积极
情绪
5角色宽度
自我效能
6安全
绩效
1关怀型伦理氛围 3.72 0.79 1
2规则型伦理氛围 3.69 0.66 0.158 1
3自利型伦理氛围 3.08 0.92 -0.279** -0.337** 1
4积极情绪 3.77 0.85 0.425** 0.396** -0.386** 1
5角色宽度自我效能 3.64 0.66 0.456** 0.439** -0.467** 0.384** 1
6安全绩效 3.86 0.89 0.489** 0.397** -0.388** 0.295** 0.336** 1
), ArticleFig(id=1167815769686549390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806870405928, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mediation effect test of organizational ethical climate

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模型 效应类型 效应量 SE 置信区间 效应占比/%
关怀型伦理氛围—安全绩效 总间接效应 0.30 0.04 [0. 23,0. 38] 41.67
路径1:关怀型伦理氛围→积极情绪→安全绩效 0.12 0.03 [0. 05,0. 19] 16.67
路径2:关怀型伦理氛围→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效 0.12 0.03 [0. 06,0. 17] 16.67
路径3:关怀型伦理氛围→积极情绪→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效 0.06 0.01 [0. 04,0. 07] 8.33
规则型伦理氛围—安全绩效 总间接效应 0.17 0.04 [0. 23,0. 42] 29.31
路径1:规则型伦理氛围→积极情绪→安全绩效 0.02 0.01 [-0. 02,0. 05] 3.45
路径2:规则型伦理氛围→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效 0.14 0.03 [0. 06,0. 17] 24.14
路径3:规则型伦理氛围→积极情绪→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效 0.01 0.01 [-0. 03,0. 04] 1.72
规则型伦理氛围—安全绩效 总间接效应 0.17 0.04 [0. 23,0. 42] 29.31
路径1:规则型伦理氛围→积极情绪→安全绩效 0.02 0.01 [-0. 02,0. 05] 3.45
路径2:规则型伦理氛围→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效 0.14 0.03 [0. 06,0. 17] 24.14
路径3:规则型伦理氛围→积极情绪→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效 0.01 0.01 [-0. 03,0. 04] 1.72
), ArticleFig(id=1167815769753658255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806870405928, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

积极情绪和角色宽度自我效能在组织伦理氛围影响安全绩效中的中介效应检验

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模型 效应类型 效应量 SE 置信区间 效应占比/%
关怀型伦理氛围—安全绩效 总间接效应 0.30 0.04 [0. 23,0. 38] 41.67
路径1:关怀型伦理氛围→积极情绪→安全绩效 0.12 0.03 [0. 05,0. 19] 16.67
路径2:关怀型伦理氛围→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效 0.12 0.03 [0. 06,0. 17] 16.67
路径3:关怀型伦理氛围→积极情绪→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效 0.06 0.01 [0. 04,0. 07] 8.33
规则型伦理氛围—安全绩效 总间接效应 0.17 0.04 [0. 23,0. 42] 29.31
路径1:规则型伦理氛围→积极情绪→安全绩效 0.02 0.01 [-0. 02,0. 05] 3.45
路径2:规则型伦理氛围→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效 0.14 0.03 [0. 06,0. 17] 24.14
路径3:规则型伦理氛围→积极情绪→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效 0.01 0.01 [-0. 03,0. 04] 1.72
规则型伦理氛围—安全绩效 总间接效应 0.17 0.04 [0. 23,0. 42] 29.31
路径1:规则型伦理氛围→积极情绪→安全绩效 0.02 0.01 [-0. 02,0. 05] 3.45
路径2:规则型伦理氛围→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效 0.14 0.03 [0. 06,0. 17] 24.14
路径3:规则型伦理氛围→积极情绪→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效 0.01 0.01 [-0. 03,0. 04] 1.72
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组织伦理氛围对煤矿工人安全绩效的影响研究
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王世明 1 , 李怡霏 1, ** , 郭灏男 1 , 罗金宝 2
中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2024,34(11): 35-42
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2024, 34(11): 35-42
组织伦理氛围对煤矿工人安全绩效的影响研究
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王世明1 , 李怡霏1, ** , 郭灏男1, 罗金宝2
作者信息
  • 1 辽宁工程技术大学 工商管理学院,辽宁 葫芦岛 125105
  • 2 辽宁工业大学 经济管理学院,辽宁 锦州 121001
  • 王世明 (1978—),男,山东日照人,博士,副教授,主要从事工程管理与数字化创新等方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 李怡霏( 1991—),女,辽宁锦州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为安全管理、工程管理与数字化创新。E-mail:
Research on influence of organizational ethical climwate on coal miners' safety performance
Shiming WANG1 , Yifei LI1, ** , Haonan GUO1, Jinbao LUO2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Business Administration,Liaoning University of Engineering and Technology,Huludao Liaoning 125105,China
  • 2 School of Economics and Management,Liaoning University of Technology,Jinzhou Liaoning 121001,China
出版时间: 2024-11-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.1881
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为探析组织伦理氛围(关怀型、规则型和自利型)对煤矿工人安全绩效的影响,构建包含积极情绪和角色宽度自我效能的链式中介模型,运用问卷调查法获取辽宁省、河南省和山东省3家大型煤矿企业的432名一线男性煤矿工人的调查数据,将积极情绪、角色宽度自我效能共同作为中介变量,以安全绩效为因变量,构建结构方程模型;采用Bootstrap方法检验中介效应,利用路径分析和中介效应检验方法对调查数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明:中介作用影响安全绩效,关怀型氛围通过增强积极情绪和角色宽度自我效能间接提升安全绩效,规则型氛围主要通过角色宽度自我效能影响安全绩效,自利型氛围则产生负向效应;通过培养关怀型和规则型伦理氛围,并提升员工的积极情绪和角色宽度自我效能,能够显著提高煤矿工人的安全绩效。

组织伦理氛围  /  煤矿工人  /  安全绩效  /  中介作用  /  积极情绪  /  角色宽度自我效能

In order to explore the effects of organizational ethical climate (specifically,caring,rule-based and self-interested climates) on coal miners' safety performance,a chained mediation model containing positive emotions and role-width self-efficacy was constructed. Firstly,a questionnaires survey method was used to gather data from 432 front-line male coal miners across three large-scale coal mining enterprises located in Liaoning,Henan,and Shandong Provinces. Secondly,with positive emotions and role-width self-efficacy as joint mediating variables,and safety performance as the dependent variable,a structural equation model was constructed. And the mediating effect was tested using the Bootstrap method. Finally,the survey data were empirically analyzed using path analysis and mediation effects testing methods. The results show that the mediating effects influence safety performance. Specifically,the caring climate indirectly enhances safety performance through enhancing positive emotions and role-width self-efficacy. the rule-based climate mainly affects safety performance through role-width self-efficacy,whereas the self-interested climate exerts a negative effect. Notably,fostering a caring and rule-based ethical climate,along with enhancing employees' positive emotions and role-width self-efficacy,can significantly improve coal miners' safety performance.

organizational ethical climate  /  coal miner  /  safety performance  /  mediating effect  /  positive emotions  /  role breadth self-efficacy
王世明, 李怡霏, 郭灏男, 罗金宝. 组织伦理氛围对煤矿工人安全绩效的影响研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (11) : 35 -42 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.1881
Shiming WANG, Yifei LI, Haonan GUO, Jinbao LUO. Research on influence of organizational ethical climwate on coal miners' safety performance[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (11) : 35 -42 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.1881
近年来,我国大多数煤矿企业在安全管理方面制定了完善的规章制度,但安全事故仍时有发生。已有研究证实,个体因素和组织因素都是安全事故不可忽视的重要成因[1-2]。在煤矿企业安全生产实践中,组织伦理氛围在很大程度上影响到煤矿工人的情绪,进而影响煤矿工人的安全行为及安全绩效[3]。不同类型的组织氛围会对煤矿工人的安全绩效产生不同影响。例如:关怀型组织伦理氛围在模范作用、激励以及愿景感召等方面发挥正向作用。
1987年,VICTORY等[4]提出了组织伦理氛围行为框架,认为组织伦理氛围是指组织内成员对伦理行为的共同看法,当某些形式的伦理行为符合组织标准和规范时就会产生伦理氛围。MARSHALL等[5]指出,伦理氛围的形成是组织政策、实践和领导力的结果,并会对组织成员的伦理决策和后续的工作态度及行为产生重要影响。乔坤等[6]研究发现,关怀型和规则型的组织伦理氛围会对员工的主动行为产生正向影响。虽然国内外对组织伦理氛围行为的研究较多,但较少与煤矿企业煤矿工人安全绩效结合,而且不同学者对组织伦理氛围的界定不同,在国内更需要对其作本土化修正。
情绪是影响煤矿工人行为的重要因素[7],根据积极情绪的拓展-建构理论[8],将积极情绪和角色宽度自我效能作为组织伦理氛围行为和煤矿工人安全绩效的中介变量。鉴于此,笔者拟基于积极心理学和行为动机理论,探究组织伦理氛围对煤矿工人安全绩效的影响效果和作用路径,包括以煤矿企业组织伦理氛围行为的定量研究,将煤矿工人安全绩效的影响作为研究对象,并提出煤矿企业组织伦理氛围、积极情绪、角色宽度自我效能、煤矿工人安全绩效的链式中介模型,系统研究组织伦理氛围行为对安全绩效的作用机制,以期推动煤炭企业对煤矿工人的安全管理工作,提高煤矿工人在工作中的安全绩效。
组织伦理氛围被定义为组织内部对与伦理相关的典型组织行为和流程的普遍观点[9]。目前,学术界证实,关怀型、规则型和自利型3种组织伦理氛围稳定存在,大多情况下同一组织存在2种或以上组织伦理氛围[10]。对于煤矿企业来说,煤矿工人在轮班制、工作强度大等条件下,易积压负面情绪,此时不同类型的组织伦理氛围很容易导致不同的后果。关怀型伦理氛围强调关心组织内其他成员的利益和组织的整体利益,追求互惠共赢;规则型伦理氛围则更强调组织内成员严格遵循规章制度;自利型伦理氛围则是指个体不管组织规则和对他人的影响,以追求个人私利为第一目标[11]。马璐等[12]认为,组织伦理氛围能够影响甚至改变组织成员对伦理行为和原有价值观的观点。社会交换理论认为,依据互惠原则[13],关怀型组织伦理氛围会使煤矿工人在工作中感到激励和关怀。煤矿工人获得组织提供的情感资源后心理需求得到满足,为维护这种情感需求的交换关系,更容易表现出积极的工作态度,进而影响安全绩效。据此假设:
H1a:关怀型伦理氛围正向影响煤矿工人的安全绩效。
规则型组织伦理氛围认为,遵从组织内部规则是第一要务,煤矿企业会通过建立完整的规章制度来要求煤矿工人遵守,强调按规办事、奖惩分明。已有研究表明:安全目标的达到与风险预防措施紧密相关,授权行为以及不同的组织氛围等会对安全绩效产生显著影响[14]。据此假设:
H1b:规则型伦理氛围正向影响煤矿工人的安全绩效。
受自利型组织伦理氛围影响的组织成员会无限放大利己主义需求,为增加个人利益和福利不惜损害其他人和组织利益。PENG Jian等[15]认为,对自我利益的高度关注与对其他成员的低度关注相对应,愈关注自身的人越会忽略他人。基于社会交换理论[16],煤矿工人往往将其与组织其他成员之间的交往关系视为一种社会交换,当他们面对一个把自身利益放在首位的同事时,煤矿工人可能会感觉到他们的付出和预期回报之间的不平衡,就可能以消极的方式来恢复平衡,继而影响安全绩效。据此假设:
H1c:自利型伦理氛围负向影响煤矿工人的安全绩效。
煤矿工人的个体行为很大程度上受其本身心理因素的影响,而情绪则是影响个体心理活动的重要因素。情感事件理论认为[17],特定的工作事件会影响个体情绪,进而影响其工作状态。当煤矿工人感受到关怀型组织伦理氛围的吸引力与感染力时,通常会形成正向的心理暗示,产生积极情绪;当煤矿工人处于规则型组织伦理氛围中时,通常会有高度的遵守力和执行力;而当煤矿工人感受到自利型组织伦理氛围时,会产生不信任、抵触等负向情绪。
基于积极情绪拓展——构建理论,积极情绪拓宽个体的注意力、认知力和行动范围,拓宽个体头脑中现有的感知、思维和思维领域[18]。FORGAS[19]认为,个体对某事件的决策受情绪影响,积极情绪更能激发其进取心,从而提高绩效。根据情绪传染理论[20],组织内的个体会下意识地模仿并趋同于群体内其他个体的情绪。煤矿工人因工作压力大需要排解,更容易受到组织伦理氛围的影响。关怀型和规则型组织伦理氛围可通过积极情绪正向影响煤矿工人的安全绩效,自利型组织伦理氛围则会产生消极情绪负向影响煤矿工人的安全绩效。由此推断:组织伦理氛围通过积极情绪对安全绩效产生间接效应,据此假设:
H2a—H2c:积极情绪在关怀型/规则型/自利型组织伦理氛围与煤矿工人安全绩效之间起中介作用。
角色宽度自我效能是指特定情境下,员工认为自己能完成更宽泛、更需主观能动性、超越一定职责要求的工作任务的一种感知[21]。煤矿工人因其特有的工作性质,本身极易受到组织氛围的影响。组织伦理氛围一般具有关怀、规则和自利等不同类型,往往可以通过影响煤矿工人的自身情绪状态正向或负向地影响其角色宽度自我效能。有研究证实[6],关怀型和规则型的组织伦理氛围可激发员工的主动行为,而自利型组织伦理氛围会抑制员工的主动行为。
根据社会认知理论,自我效能感是员工发挥主观能动性的重要驱动力,其在很多情况下比一般的效能感更能激励员工。李永占[22]研究发现,角色宽度自我效能对预期行为有很大的促进作用,通过促使煤矿工人产生更多的积极行为,进而影响安全绩效。处于关怀型和规则型组织伦理氛围中的煤矿工人拥有更高的自信心和纪律性,更愿意完成一些更宽泛、更需主动性的工作任务。而当煤矿工人陷入逆境时,关怀型组织伦理氛围也通常会提供帮助,通过增加煤矿工人的心理安全感来提升其角色宽度自我效能。但自利型组织伦理氛围会导致煤矿工人之间的矛盾和不信任,降低角色宽度自我效能。由此推断: 组织伦理氛围通过角色宽度自我效能对安全绩效产生间接效应,据此假设:
H3a—H3c:角色宽度自我效能在关怀型/规则型/自利型组织伦理氛围与煤矿工人安全绩效之间起中介作用。
情绪一致性理论[23]认为,由于情绪前后具有一致性,个体在积极情绪下更容易增强角色宽度自我效能感[24]。关怀型和规则型组织伦理氛围能够带动煤矿工人的积极情绪,提升煤矿工人在安全生产中的主动性,在一定程度上实现自主生产;但同时自利型组织伦理氛围会给予负向的情绪反馈,抑制煤矿工人在生产过程中角色宽度自我效能,降低安全绩效。据此假设:
H4a: 积极情绪正向影响煤矿工人角色宽度自我效能。
通过以上假设,笔者认为,关怀型和规则型组织伦理氛围不仅能直接影响煤矿工人安全绩效,还会通过带动煤矿工人积极情绪,增强煤矿工人角色宽度自我效能感提升安全绩效;自利型组织伦理氛围会通过抑制煤矿工人的积极情绪降低其角色宽度自我效能。据此假设:
H4:积极情绪和角色宽度自我效能在组织伦理氛围与煤矿工人安全绩效之间起链式中介作用。
假设模型如图1所示。
以辽宁省、河南省和山东省3家大型煤矿企业的一线男性煤矿工人为调查对象,通过实地走访和在煤矿工作的亲友同事联系,结合线上和线下2种方式发放调查问卷,采用分层随机抽样的方式收集数据。共发放问卷500份,剔除漏答和未回收的问卷后,最终回收有效问卷 432份,有效回收率为86.4%。有效样本中,年龄均不超过50岁(截至2023年),以40~50岁为主,占比为65.7%,30~39岁占比为25.3%;文化程度方面,以初高中为主,占总人数的64.3%,小学及以下占比为26.5%,大专及以上占比为9.2%;工龄方面,以5~15年为主,占比为54.7%,5年及以下占比为25.4%,15年及以上占比为19.9%,从样本特征来看,样本具有良好的代表性[20]
除此之外,在量表选择上力求贴近煤矿工人的实际工作情境,通过对比现有量表并结合煤矿行业特性,适当调整量表,确保测量工具的有效性和敏感性。均采用Likert 5级量表计分,分析各量表拟合指数,结果见表1
采用自我报告法收集数据,应用SPSS27.0检验样本的共同方法偏差,检验结果显示,未旋转的总方差解释率为62.78%,第1个公因子的方差解释率为24.23%,小于40%的临界值,表明研究不存在严重的共同方法偏差。
统计描述组织伦理氛围、积极情绪、角色宽度自我效能、安全绩效4个变量和相关分析可知:关怀型伦理氛围与积极情绪、角色宽度自我效能和安全绩效均呈显著正相关,与自利型伦理氛围呈显著负相关;规则型伦理氛围与积极情绪、角色宽度自我效能和安全绩效呈显著正相关,与自利型伦理氛围呈显著负相关;自利型伦理氛围与积极情绪、角色宽度自我效能和安全绩效均呈显著负相关;积极情绪与角色宽度自我效能、安全绩效呈显著正相关,角色宽度自我效能与安全绩效呈显著正相关,见表2
将组织伦理氛围的3个维度关怀型伦理氛围、规则型伦理氛围、自利型伦理氛围作为显变量构建潜变量,将三者作为自变量,将积极情绪 M1、角色宽度自我效能 M2 共同作为中介变量,以安全绩效为因变量,构建结构方程模型,采用Bootstrap方法检验中介效应。通过路径分析,关怀型组织伦理氛围能够直接正向影响安全绩效( β = 0. 42,p<0. 01)、同 样能够正向影响积极情绪(β = 0.34,p<0.01)和角色宽度自我效能(β = 0.31,p<0.01); 规则型组织伦理氛围能够正向影响角色宽度自我效能(β = 0.35,p<0.01)和安全绩效(β = 0.41,p<0.01) ; 自利型组织伦理氛围能够直接负向影响安全绩效( β =-0.28,p<0.01)、同样能够负向影响积极情绪(β = -0.32,p<0.01)和角色宽度自我效能(β = -0.37,p<0.01);积极情绪对角色宽度自我效能(β = 0.43,p<0.01)和安全绩效(β = 0.36,p<0.01)的直接影响显著;角色宽度自我效能对安全绩效(β = 0.40,p<0.01)的直接影响显著,如图2所示。
多重链式中介的效应检验表明:关怀型伦理氛围与安全绩效之间中介效应显著,总间接效应对应的95%置信区间不含0,效应占比为41.67%。其中路径1:关怀型伦理氛围→积极情绪→安全绩效对应的95%置信区间不含0,中介效应显著,效应占比为16.67%,表明关怀型伦理氛围能够通过积极情绪对煤矿工人的安全绩效产生正向影响。路径2:关怀型伦理氛围→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效对应的95%置信区间不含0,中介效应显著,效应占比为16.67%,表明关怀型伦理氛围能够通过角色宽度自我效能对煤矿工人的安全绩效产生正向影响。路径3:关怀型伦理氛围→积极情绪→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效对应的95%置信区间不含0,效应占比为8.33%,说明关怀型伦理氛围能够通过积极情绪、角色宽度自我效能对煤矿工人的安全绩效产生正向影响。
规则型伦理氛围与安全绩效之间中介效应显著,总间接效应对应的95%置信区间不含0,效应占比为29.31%。路径2:规则型伦理氛围→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效对应的95%置信区间不含0,中介效应显著,效应占比为24.14%,表明规则型伦理氛围能够通过角色宽度自我效能对煤矿工人的安全绩效产生正向影响。
自利型伦理氛围与安全绩效之间中介效应显著,总间接效应对应的95%置信区间不含0,效应占比为54.10%。其中,路径1:自利型伦理氛围→积极情绪→安全绩效对应的95%置信区间不含0,中介效应显著,效应占比为19.67%,表明自利型伦理氛围能够通过积极情绪对煤矿工人的安全绩效产生负向影响。路径2:自利型伦理氛围→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效对应的95%置信区间不含0,中介效应显著,效应占比为24.59%,表明自利型伦理氛围能够通过角色宽度自我效能对煤矿工人的安全绩效产生负向影响。路径3:自利型伦理氛围→积极情绪→角色宽度自我效能→安全绩效对应的95%置信区间不含0,效应占比为9.84%,说明自利型伦理氛围能够通过积极情绪、角色宽度自我效能对煤矿工人的安全绩效产生负向影响,结果见表3
在关怀型和自利型组织伦理氛围中,不仅可以通过积极情绪的独立中介作用、角色宽度自我效能的独立中介作用影响安全绩效,还可通过积极情绪和角色宽度自我效能的链式中介作用影响安全绩效;但在规则型组织伦理氛围中,只能通过角色宽度自我效能的独立中介作用影响安全绩效。
关怀型和规则型组织伦理氛围可正向影响矿工的安全绩效,自利型组织伦理氛围则会负向影响安全绩效。因为矿工工作时间长、工作负荷大的特殊性,矿工往往容易产生较大的心理压力,极易导致消极情绪。而关怀型组织伦理氛围带给矿工激励关怀和美好愿景,满足其工作的价值追求、给予矿工积极的情绪感知,有效缓解矿工在工作中产生的心理压力增强矿工的工作动力,从而提升安全绩效;规则型组织伦理氛围强调遵守规则,奖惩分明,通过外部动机诱使矿工遵守安全规定、提升安全绩效;自利型组织伦理氛围不顾组织中他人利益,容易造成矿工之间的猜疑和防备,不利于安全生产。
关怀型和自利型组织伦理氛围可通过积极情绪的独立中介作用影响矿工的安全绩效。关怀型组织伦理氛围会增强矿工的组织自尊,带给个体希望、坚毅、乐观等积极情绪,这些均会降低矿工在作业过程中的心理压力、减少负面体验,从而增加矿工在工作过程中的积极的心理状态;自利型组织伦理氛围鼓励个体仅是将他人当做自己获取利益的工具,有损于安全绩效和组织的长远发展。积极情绪高会促使矿工正面的自我认知和积极的工作态度,这会对其安全警觉度、安全作业行为以及安全注意力等产生积极影响,避免不安全行为,从而提升安全绩效;反之消极情绪则会消耗矿工的心理资本,降低其安全绩效。
关怀型、规则型和自利型组织伦理氛围均可通过角色宽度自我效能的独立中介作用影响矿工的安全绩效。矿工在关怀型组织伦理氛围下减少心理压力与消极情绪,关怀型组织伦理氛围越浓厚,矿工应对突发安全事件、保持工作积极性的能力就越强,拥有更强的角色宽度自我效能;规则型组织伦理氛围能够通过纪律和奖励增强矿工的角色宽度自我效能,进而提高安全绩效;自利型组织伦理氛围中的矿工个体往往更加自私自利,更在乎个人的得失而不顾他人乃至整体利益。对安全绩效有抑制作用。
关怀型和自利型组织伦理氛围通过积极情绪和角色宽度自我效能的链式中介作用影响安全绩效。关怀型组织伦理氛围可通过积极有效的沟通缓解矿工心理压力,带动矿工积极的构建自我认知,增强其组织自尊与组织信任,使其保持积极的工作态度,增加角色宽度自我效能进而提高安全绩效;自利型组织伦理氛围会损害个体的主动性和对组织的归属感,使矿工产生消极情绪、抑制自我效能感,降低安全绩效。
煤矿企业在加强关怀型组织伦理氛围建设的同时,建立规则型组织伦理氛围,明确规则、奖惩制度、考核制度严格,并且以量化分数体现考核结果,以此来激发员工的积极性和主动性。此外,物质奖励、升职激励等惯用的激励手段也可提升员工的外部动机。关怀型、规则型组织伦理氛围会促进外部动机内化,企业在加强建设关怀型组织氛围建设的同时要去更大程度的关注矿工个体的情绪和自我效能感,这样会对矿工安全绩效的正向影响达到更好的效果,该中介作用会提高安全绩效。
1) 关怀型组织伦理氛围对煤矿工人安全绩效具有显著正向影响,积极情绪和角色宽度自我效能在两者之间起链式中介作用。
2) 规则型组织伦理氛围对煤矿工人安全绩效具有显著正向影响,但积极情绪在二者之间的中介关系不显著,仅能通过角色宽度自我效能的中介作用预测安全绩效。
3) 文中通过培养关怀型和规则型伦理氛围,并提升员工的积极情绪和角色宽度自我效能,能够显著提高煤矿工人的安全绩效。未来研究可进一步探索这些机制随时间变化的动态过程及不同干预措施的效果。
4) 采用问卷调查法收集数据具有一定局限,研究结果可能受到被试的主观影响,未来可结合眼动、脑电等生理测量探究更加客观的研究结果;而不同类型组织伦理氛围带来的后果需要进一步长时间跟踪,未来可通过纵向跟踪来探讨各类型组织伦理氛围对煤矿工人安全绩效的影响。
特别感谢清华大学(土水学院)—广联达BIM联合研究中心的资助与支持。
  • 国家自然科学基金(71801119)
  • 2022年辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(LJKMR20220709)
  • 2023年度校社科一般项目(23-A045)
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2024年第34卷第11期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.1881
  • 接收时间:2024-05-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-11-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-20
  • 修回日期:2024-08-23
基金
国家自然科学基金(71801119)
2022年辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(LJKMR20220709)
2023年度校社科一般项目(23-A045)
作者信息
    1 辽宁工程技术大学 工商管理学院,辽宁 葫芦岛 125105
    2 辽宁工业大学 经济管理学院,辽宁 锦州 121001

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** 李怡霏( 1991—),女,辽宁锦州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为安全管理、工程管理与数字化创新。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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