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Article(id=1149735806107042595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735800964825832, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)11-0213-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.1590, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718035200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-11, revisedDate=1726070400000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752047977234, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1732723200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752047977234, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752047977234, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752047977234, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149735800964825832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752047976008, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756361988347, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167830080236565470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735800964825832, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167830080236565471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735800964825832, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=213, endPage=219, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149735806580998949, articleId=1149735806107042595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Characterization of smoke and dust transport in deep buried tunnel based on gas-solid two-phase flow, columnId=1149735805633081985, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Occupational health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the durability of the construction machine and the working environment in deep buried tunnels，based on the theory of gas-solid two-phase flow，CO and dust were selected as the main objects of study，and a physical model of deep buried tunnels was established by Fluent software. The effects of different surrounding rock temperatures and the outlet speed of the wind pipe on the transport process of soot in deep tunnels were investigated through simulation. The results show that after blasting，CO is uniformly distributed in the throwing area. With the increase of ventilation time，the CO transport shows two modes of translation and diffusion. CO is discharged out of the tunnel in the form of a mass，and the CO transport speed at the tunnel wall is larger than that at the center of the tunnel. At the moment of blasting，a large amount of dust gathers near the working face，and with the increase of ventilation time，the dust is continuously discharged out of the tunnel. Among them，the temperature of the surrounding rock has a certain effect on the transportation of CO. The higher the temperature of the surrounding rock，the faster the transportation of CO. However，the effect of the surrounding rock temperature on the transportation of dust is relatively small. The outlet speed of the wind pipe has a greater impact on the transportation of CO and dust. The greater the outlet speed of the wind pipe，the faster the transportation of CO and dust. The field application should be combined with the actual conditions and economic budget to select the relevant equipment.

, correspAuthors=Dingyi WEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zongzhi WU, Yuzhu ZHOU, Dingyi WEI, Weijie CAO, Wenjin MA, Jie YU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149735820497699148, articleId=1149735806107042595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=基于气-固两相流的深埋隧道烟尘运移特征, columnId=1149735805817631364, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=职业卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为提高深埋隧道施工机械的耐用性及改善工人作业环境，基于气-固两相流理论，选取CO和粉尘作为主要研究对象，利用Fluent软件建立深埋隧道物理模型，通过模拟分析深埋隧道中不同围岩温度及风筒出口速度对烟尘运移过程的影响。结果表明：爆破后，CO在抛掷区内均匀分布，随通风时间的增加，CO的运移呈现为平移和扩散2种方式，CO以团状的形式向隧道外排出，且隧道壁处的CO运移速度大于隧道中心的运移速度；爆破瞬间，粉尘大量聚集在工作面附近，随通风时间的增加，粉尘不断向隧道外排出；其中，围岩温度对CO的运移有一定影响，且围岩温度越高，CO的运移速度越快，但围岩温度对粉尘运移的影响相对较小；风筒出口速度对CO及粉尘的运移均有较大影响，且风筒出口速度越大，CO及粉尘的运移速度越快，在现场应用中要结合实际条件和经济预算情况合理选择相关设备。

, correspAuthors=魏丁一, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 魏丁一(1991—)，男，河南禹州人，博士，讲师，主要从事职业健康安全方面的研究。E-mail：。
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吴宗之 (1963—)，男，安徽宿松人，博士，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事重大危险源监控、风险评价、应急管理、职业健康等方面的研究。E-mail：。

周玉竹，正高级工程师

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吴宗之 (1963—)，男，安徽宿松人，博士，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事重大危险源监控、风险评价、应急管理、职业健康等方面的研究。E-mail：。

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吴宗之 (1963—)，男，安徽宿松人，博士，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事重大危险源监控、风险评价、应急管理、职业健康等方面的研究。E-mail：。

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周玉竹，正高级工程师

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周玉竹，正高级工程师

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806107042595, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=风筒出口速度), Keyword(id=1167815937588736367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806107042595, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=围岩温度)], refs=[Reference(id=1167815939409064356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806107042595, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=166, pageEnd=172, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=张汉中, 孟文俊, 王贝贝, journalName=矿业研究与开发, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张汉中, 孟文俊, 王贝贝. 基于CFD-DEM耦合仿真的抓斗卸料气固两相流场研究[J]. 矿业研究与开发, 2022, 42(4): 166-172., articleTitle=基于CFD-DEM耦合仿真的抓斗卸料气固两相流场研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167815939509727654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806107042595, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=166, pageEnd=172, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=ZHANG Hanzhong, MENG Wenjun, WANG Beibei, journalName=Mining Research and Development, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Hanzhong, MENG Wenjun, WANG Beibei. Research on gas-solid two-phase flow field in grab discharge based on CFD-DEM coupling simulation[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2022, 42(4): 166-172., articleTitle=Research on gas-solid two-phase flow field in grab discharge based on CFD-DEM coupling simulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167815939568447912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806107042595, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=10, pageStart=107, pageEnd=112, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=陆国琛, 秦丙林, 田天, journalName=石油机械, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陆国琛, 秦丙林, 田天, 等. 气井井筒临界携垢流量计算与分析[J]. 石油机械, 2023, 51(10): 107-112., articleTitle=气井井筒临界携垢流量计算与分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167815939694277034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806107042595, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=10, pageStart=107, pageEnd=112, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=LU Guochen, QIN Binglin, TIAN Tian, journalName=China Petroleum Machinery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU Guochen, QIN Binglin, TIAN Tian, et al. 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China Petroleum Machinery, 2023, 51(10): 107-112., articleTitle=Calculation and analysis of critical scale carrying flow rate in gas wells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167815939782357420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806107042595, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=42, issue=12, pageStart=136, pageEnd=138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=张玥, 唐诗洋, 丁会敏, journalName=自动化技术与应用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张玥, 唐诗洋, 丁会敏, 等. 煤矸石CFB锅炉内气固两相流动特性模拟研究[J]. 自动化技术与应用, 2023, 42(12): 136-138, 142., articleTitle=煤矸石CFB锅炉内气固两相流动特性模拟研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167815939895603630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806107042595, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=42, issue=12, pageStart=136, pageEnd=138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=ZHANG Yue, TANG Shiyang, DING Huimin, journalName=Techniques of Automation and Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Yue, TANG Shiyang, DING Huimin, et al. 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Mining Engineering, 2018, 70(1): 42-48., articleTitle=Open-air sprays for capturing and controlling airborne float coal dust on longwall faces, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167815940524749245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806107042595, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=32, issue=6, pageStart=1 043, pageEnd=1 051, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=乔力伟, 蒋葛夫, journalName=环境科学研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=乔力伟, 蒋葛夫. 双向掘进隧道游离SiO2粉尘扩散规律模拟与分析[J]. 环境科学研究, 2019, 32(6): 1 043-1 051., articleTitle=双向掘进隧道游离SiO2粉尘扩散规律模拟与分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167815940600246719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806107042595, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=32, issue=6, pageStart=1 043, pageEnd=1 051, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=14, authorNames=QIAO Liwei, JIANG Gefu, journalName=Research of Environmental Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIAO Liwei, JIANG Gefu. 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Research of Environmental Sciences, 2019, 32(6): 1 043-1 051., articleTitle=Numerical analysis and simulation of SiO2 dust diffusion in tunnel by inclined shaft, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167815940692521409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806107042595, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=6, pageStart=165, pageEnd=172, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=王将, 袁大军, 金大龙, journalName=铁道学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王将, 袁大军, 金大龙, 等. 基于非线型滑动面假设的盾构隧道松动土压力计算模型研究[J]. 铁道学报, 2021, 43(6):165-172., articleTitle=基于非线型滑动面假设的盾构隧道松动土压力计算模型研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167815940768018883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806107042595, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=6, pageStart=165, pageEnd=172, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=16, authorNames=WANG Jiang, YUAN Dajun, JIN Dalong, journalName=Journal of the China Railway Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Jiang, YUAN Dajun, JIN Dalong, et al. Research on calculation model for loosening earth pressure of shield tunnel based on assumption of non-liner sliding surface[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2021, 43(6): 165-172., articleTitle=Research on calculation model for loosening earth pressure of shield tunnel based on assumption of non-liner sliding surface, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167815940851904965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806107042595, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=32, issue=3, pageStart=595, pageEnd=600, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=DU Bo, LI Yanhe, CHEN Xingming, journalName=Engineering Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DU Bo, LI Yanhe, CHEN Xingming, et al. Optimization of paste backfilling material ratios for long-distance transportation[J]. 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Calculation model setting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 设定
求解器 压力基
湍流模型 k-ε双方程模型
能量方程 打开
离散相模型 打开
压力速度耦合 简单
梯度方案 基于最小二乘法
瞬态离散方案 一阶隐式
炮烟抛掷范围/(L·m-1) 60
CO初始体积分数/% 0.125
与连续相的交互 打开
离散相模型迭代间隔 10
跟踪最大步数 9 000
非定常跟踪 打开
按流动时间步跟踪 打开
注射类型 打开
颗粒材料 大理岩
粒径分布 R-R分布
离散随机轨道模型 打开
使用曲线法方向注入 打开
总流速/(kg·s-1) 3
), ArticleFig(id=1167815939035771289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735806107042595, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

计算模型设定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 设定
求解器 压力基
湍流模型 k-ε双方程模型
能量方程 打开
离散相模型 打开
压力速度耦合 简单
梯度方案 基于最小二乘法
瞬态离散方案 一阶隐式
炮烟抛掷范围/(L·m-1) 60
CO初始体积分数/% 0.125
与连续相的交互 打开
离散相模型迭代间隔 10
跟踪最大步数 9 000
非定常跟踪 打开
按流动时间步跟踪 打开
注射类型 打开
颗粒材料 大理岩
粒径分布 R-R分布
离散随机轨道模型 打开
使用曲线法方向注入 打开
总流速/(kg·s-1) 3
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基于气-固两相流的深埋隧道烟尘运移特征
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吴宗之 1, 2 , 周玉竹 2, 3 , 魏丁一 4, ** , 曹伟杰 4 , 马文谨 4 , 余杰 2
中国安全科学学报 | 职业卫生 2024,34(11): 213-219
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中国安全科学学报 | 职业卫生 2024, 34(11): 213-219
基于气-固两相流的深埋隧道烟尘运移特征
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吴宗之1, 2 , 周玉竹2, 3, 魏丁一4, ** , 曹伟杰4, 马文谨4, 余杰2
作者信息
  • 1 中国职业安全健康协会，北京 100029
  • 2 北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院，北京 100083
  • 3 四川铸创安全科技有限公司，四川 成都 610040
  • 4 河南工程学院 资源与安全工程学院，河南 郑州 451191

    • 吴宗之 (1963—)，男，安徽宿松人，博士，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事重大危险源监控、风险评价、应急管理、职业健康等方面的研究。E-mail：。

    周玉竹，正高级工程师

通讯作者:

** 魏丁一(1991—)，男，河南禹州人，博士，讲师，主要从事职业健康安全方面的研究。E-mail：。
Characterization of smoke and dust transport in deep buried tunnel based on gas-solid two-phase flow
Zongzhi WU1, 2 , Yuzhu ZHOU2, 3, Dingyi WEI4, ** , Weijie CAO4, Wenjin MA4, Jie YU2
Affiliations
  • 1 China Occupational Safety and Health Association，Beijing 100029，China
  • 2 School of Civil and Resource Engineering，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China
  • 3 Sichuan Zhuchuang Safety Technology Co.，Ltd.，Chengdu Sichuan 610040，China
  • 4 School of Resource and Safety Engineering，Henan University of Engineering，Zhengzhou Henan 451191，China
出版时间: 2024-11-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.1590
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摘要
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为提高深埋隧道施工机械的耐用性及改善工人作业环境，基于气-固两相流理论，选取CO和粉尘作为主要研究对象，利用Fluent软件建立深埋隧道物理模型，通过模拟分析深埋隧道中不同围岩温度及风筒出口速度对烟尘运移过程的影响。结果表明：爆破后，CO在抛掷区内均匀分布，随通风时间的增加，CO的运移呈现为平移和扩散2种方式，CO以团状的形式向隧道外排出，且隧道壁处的CO运移速度大于隧道中心的运移速度；爆破瞬间，粉尘大量聚集在工作面附近，随通风时间的增加，粉尘不断向隧道外排出；其中，围岩温度对CO的运移有一定影响，且围岩温度越高，CO的运移速度越快，但围岩温度对粉尘运移的影响相对较小；风筒出口速度对CO及粉尘的运移均有较大影响，且风筒出口速度越大，CO及粉尘的运移速度越快，在现场应用中要结合实际条件和经济预算情况合理选择相关设备。

气-固两相流  /  深埋隧道  /  烟尘运移  /  风筒出口速度  /  围岩温度

In order to improve the durability of the construction machine and the working environment in deep buried tunnels，based on the theory of gas-solid two-phase flow，CO and dust were selected as the main objects of study，and a physical model of deep buried tunnels was established by Fluent software. The effects of different surrounding rock temperatures and the outlet speed of the wind pipe on the transport process of soot in deep tunnels were investigated through simulation. The results show that after blasting，CO is uniformly distributed in the throwing area. With the increase of ventilation time，the CO transport shows two modes of translation and diffusion. CO is discharged out of the tunnel in the form of a mass，and the CO transport speed at the tunnel wall is larger than that at the center of the tunnel. At the moment of blasting，a large amount of dust gathers near the working face，and with the increase of ventilation time，the dust is continuously discharged out of the tunnel. Among them，the temperature of the surrounding rock has a certain effect on the transportation of CO. The higher the temperature of the surrounding rock，the faster the transportation of CO. However，the effect of the surrounding rock temperature on the transportation of dust is relatively small. The outlet speed of the wind pipe has a greater impact on the transportation of CO and dust. The greater the outlet speed of the wind pipe，the faster the transportation of CO and dust. The field application should be combined with the actual conditions and economic budget to select the relevant equipment.

gas-solid two-phase flow  /  deep buried tunnels  /  smoke and dust transport  /  outlet speed of wind pipe  /  surrounding rock temperature
吴宗之, 周玉竹, 魏丁一, 曹伟杰, 马文谨, 余杰. 基于气-固两相流的深埋隧道烟尘运移特征. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (11) : 213 -219 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.1590
Zongzhi WU, Yuzhu ZHOU, Dingyi WEI, Weijie CAO, Wenjin MA, Jie YU. Characterization of smoke and dust transport in deep buried tunnel based on gas-solid two-phase flow[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (11) : 213 -219 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.1590
正文
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0 引言
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随着国家经济的发展，我国西部大批基础设施工程开始建设。西南地区受欧亚板块和印度洋板块挤压影响，地热活动异常显著，使得众多深埋隧道面临严峻的高温挑战。隧道施工中，各工序会产生大量粉尘，长期吸入会导致肺组织发生弥漫性的纤维组织增生，有可能引发尘肺病。此外，爆破过程中产生大量如CO等有毒气体，同样对人员健康构成严重威胁，必须采取严格的防尘和有害气体防控措施，才能确保施工人员的健康和安全。
诸多学者对此开展了研究，如张汉中等[1]针对抓斗卸料中散体物料下落引发的粉尘扩散问题，开展气-固两相流场研究，揭示其扩散机制并寻求优化措施；陆国琛等[2]运用气-固两相流理论计算气井井筒临界携垢流量；张玥等[3]应用计算流体力学研究了煤矸石粒径和入口气体速度对炉膛内气-固两相流动特性的影响，获得了颗粒速度和体积分数的详细分布；国内其他学者通过模拟分析工作面的粉尘运移特征，研究隧道壁面粗糙度、通风等对施工烟尘扩散的影响，指出我国非煤矿山粉尘源头防治主要技术[4];王冕[5]基于气-固两相流理论构建相关试验模型，利用掘进巷道相似模拟试验平台和Fluent软件研究风流场及粉尘运移特征；SAGAR[6]、WOUTER[7]、BECK[8]等研究了风流场中粉尘运动时彼此之间的关系；乔力伟等[9]研究了施工隧道中SiO2粉尘质量浓度变化及扩散特征，合理设计通风系统参数。现有文献大多采用理论分析方法，研究矿山烟尘的产生及其运移特征，而对深埋隧道爆破烟尘运移特征的研究还较为鲜见。
鉴于此，笔者拟基于气-固两相流理论，构建模型分析高地温隧道CO和粉尘的运移特征，以期有效改善职工作业环境、降低尘肺发生概率。
1 深埋隧道模型建立与假设
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1.1 深埋隧道物理模型
按照某深埋隧道尺寸建立模型，隧道采用压入式通风，长度为120m，风筒出口距工作面20m，风筒距地面4m且半径为0.4m，风筒出口位于隧道横截面右上方，隧道围岩级别为Ⅲ级。
1.2 深埋隧道物理模型简化与假设
隧道内CO等分布趋势与影响烟尘运移的各种因素有关，且隧道内存在大量施工器械，如果考虑各种因素，烟尘运移模拟将非常复杂。因此，基于气-固两相流理论，对模型作出如下简化与假设[10-11]:
1) 烟尘运移模拟期间隧道内空气流体为三维黏性不可压缩气流。
2) 烟尘运移期间的流场为恒温场。
3) 烟尘运移期间忽略自然风等外部因素对空气流场的潜在干扰，忽略隧道内部人员活动及器械运作产生的热量，假设隧道壁面的粗糙度为固定的统一值。
4) 烟尘运移期间忽略隧道内的有害气体CO2、H2S等，主要考虑CO，并假设通过计算的抛掷距离范围内，CO在隧道内部均匀分布。
5) 围岩与周围空气充分接触，假设其与空气温度相同。
2 模拟边界条件
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工作面附近爆破时会产生CO，其迅速扩散至炮烟抛掷范围，模型条件及参数设置见表1。
3 深埋隧道烟尘运移特征分析
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3.1 CO运移特征
隧道爆破后会产生CO，CO迅速充满炮烟抛掷区，选取Y=0m平面CO体积分数进行研究，随着通风的进行，CO体积分数逐渐降低且随气流排出隧道。围岩温度37℃时，风筒出口速度为10m/s时，不同时刻Y=0m的CO体积分数云图如图1所示。
从图1a可以看出，通风10s时工作面处CO体积分数迅速减少，且CO气体的运动展现出明显的整体性流动趋势，此时工作面处CO体积分数远高于炮烟抛掷区外的CO体积分数。从图1b可以看出，通风60s时工作面处的CO体积分数在风流作用下降至安全阈值之下，但隧道中部直至入口的CO体积分数仍维持在安全浓度限制之上，此时工作面区域的CO体积分数部分低于炮烟抛掷区外的CO体积分数。从图1c可以看出，通风100s时除隧道出口附近CO体积分数高于安全标准，其余区域均处于安全范围，此时炮烟抛掷区域CO的浓度全部低于炮烟抛掷区外CO体积分数。从图1d可以看出，通风250s时隧道内CO已全部排出隧道。
围岩温度37℃时，风筒出口速度为15m/s时，不同时刻Y=0m的CO体积分数如图2所示。随着通风的进行，CO体积分数会降低且随气流排出隧道。
从图2a可以看出，通风10s时工作面处CO体积分数变化与风速为10m/s时整体趋势相同，工作面处CO体积分数均降低，风速为15m/s时工作面处CO扩散范围更大，此时工作面处CO体积分数也远高于炮烟抛掷区外的浓度。从图2b可以看出，通风60s时工作面处的CO体积分数下降至安全范围，隧道中部CO体积分数小于风速为10m/s时隧道中部的CO体积分数，隧道中部直至入口区域的CO体积分数仍超过安全标准，此时工作面区域的CO全部低于炮烟抛掷区外的CO体积分数。从图2c可以看出，通风100s时炮烟抛掷区域CO体积分数为0，除隧道出口，其余区域CO体积分数均处于安全范围。从图2d可以看出，通风150s时隧道内CO几乎全部排出隧道，隧道内CO体积分数全部达到安全标准。综上，风速为15m/s时，隧道内CO随风流加速排出隧道，且CO扩散范围更大，隧道内CO体积分数能更快地降低到安全范围。
围岩温度45℃，风速为10m/s时隧道内CO体积分数分布如图3所示。
从图3a可以看出，通风10s时工作面处CO体积分数变化与围岩温度为37℃时整体趋势相同，相比于工作面处CO体积分数，风筒出口处CO体积分数更低。从图3b可以看出，通风60s时工作面处的CO体积分数降至安全范围，隧道中部CO体积分数仍不符合安全标准，隧道中部至入口区域的CO体积分数仍超过安全标准，此时工作面区域的CO体积分数全部低于炮烟抛掷区外的CO体积分数。从图3c可以看出，通风100s时炮烟抛掷区域CO体积分数为0，除隧道出口，其余区域CO体积分数均处于安全范围。从图3d可以看出，通风150s时隧道内CO几乎全部排出隧道，隧道内CO体积分数全部达到安全标准。综上，围岩温度为45℃时，隧道内CO随风流排出隧道的速度较37℃时快，CO扩散范围略微变大，CO运移的整体趋势与围岩温度为37℃时相似。
围岩温度45℃，风速为15m/s时隧道内CO体积分数分布如图4所示。随着通风的进行，CO体积分数降低更快且更快排出隧道。
从图4a可以看出，通风10s时风筒出风口附近的CO体积分数更低，工作面处CO体积分数达到最高值，CO扩散范围较小，隧道入口区域CO体积分数为0。从图4b可以看出，通风60s时CO扩散范围更大，布满整个隧道，工作面处CO体积分数下降至安全范围，隧道中部及隧道入口区域的CO体积分数仍然较高，此时工作面区域的CO全部低于炮烟抛掷区外的CO体积分数。从图4c可以看出，通风100s时炮烟抛掷区域CO体积分数为0，隧道入口处CO体积分数最高。从图4d可以看出，通风150s时隧道内CO体积分数几乎为0，隧道内CO体积分数全部达到安全标准。结合图2和图3，在风速相同围岩温度不同时，CO体积分数变化趋势几乎一致，在风速不同围岩温度相同时，风速越大CO扩散范围更大，排出隧道所需时间更短。
3.2 粉尘运移特征
选取围岩温度分别为37、45℃，风筒出口速度分别为10、15m/s，不同组合条件下粉尘运移云图如图5—图8所示。
从图5可以看出，爆破后粉尘大量聚集在工作面附近，随通风时间的增加，粉尘在风流作用下不断向隧道外排出。由图5a可知：通风40s时粉尘依然大量聚集在炮烟区域，贴近隧道上壁的粉尘运移速度更快，呈团状向隧道外排出。由图5b可知：通风100s时，工作面处粉尘质量浓度降低，部分粉尘已运动出炮烟范围，粉尘颗粒的分散度增加，贴近隧道壁的粉尘运移速度更快。由图5c可知：在通风180s时，靠近隧道入口的粉尘质量浓度大于工作面附近粉尘质量浓度，此时粉尘扩散范围更广，悬浮时间较长。由图5d可知：通风300s时，大部分粉尘已排出隧道，工作面附近粉尘质量浓度明显小于隧道入口附近粉尘质量浓度。
由图6a可知：通风40s时粉尘依然大量聚集在炮烟区域，对比于风速为10m/s时，此时粉尘扩散范围更广，且贴近隧道上壁的粉尘运移范围更大，呈团状向隧道入口移动。由图6b可知：通风100s时，工作面处粉尘质量浓度降低，贴近隧道壁的粉尘运移速度更快，对比风速为10m/s，明显看出粉尘扩散范围变大。由图6c可知：通风180s时靠近隧道入口的粉尘质量浓度大于工作面附近粉尘质量浓度，对比风速为10m/s，此时隧道整体粉尘质量浓度变小，工作面附近粉尘明显减少。由图6d可知：通风300s时，对比风速为10m/s，此时隧道整体粉尘质量浓度明显下降，工作面处粉尘质量浓度几乎为0，隧道其余部分粉尘扩散范围更广，绝大部分粉尘已经排出隧道，仅少量粉尘存在于隧道入口处。综上，爆破后粉尘仍大量聚集在工作面附近，随通风时间的增加，粉尘随风流向隧道外排出。风速为15m/s时，粉尘运移速度更快，隧道内粉尘扩散程度明显变大。
从图7a可以看出，通风40s时粉尘大量聚集在工作面处，粉尘聚集程度高，靠近风筒附近的粉尘运移速度更大。从图7b可以看出，通风100s时粉尘扩散范围变大，粉尘向隧道入口移动，靠近隧道壁的粉尘运移速度更快。从图7c可以看出，通风180s时粉尘扩散范围变大，粉尘在风流作用下充满整个隧道，工作面附近粉尘质量浓度较低，隧道中粉尘随风流呈团状向隧道入口移动。从图7d可以看出，通风300s时，粉尘分散范围更广，工作面及炮烟区域粉尘质量浓度极低，大部分粉尘已经排出隧道，仅隧道入口处悬浮部分粉尘，此时工作面附近粉尘质量浓度明显小于隧道入口处。综上，从整体变化趋势可以看出，在围岩温度为45和37℃时，粉尘运动趋势基本一致。
从图8a可以看出，通风40s时粉尘依然大量聚集在工作面处，部分粉尘呈团状向隧道入口移动。从图8b可以看出，通风100s时，粉尘不断向隧道入口运动至隧道中部，贴近隧道壁的粉尘运移速度更快，粉尘扩散范围变大。从图8c可以看出，通风180s时工作面附近粉尘质量浓度低于隧道入口附近粉尘质量浓度。从图8d可以看出，通风300s时，隧道内大部分粉尘已经排出隧道，工作面附近粉尘质量浓度几乎为0，仅剩少量粉尘悬浮在隧道入口处。综上，结合图6在围岩温度不同但风速相同时，粉尘运动轨迹几乎相同，温度对粉尘的运移影响不大。结合图7，在围岩温度相同但风速不同时，粉尘扩散范围更广，工作面处粉尘质量浓度降低更快，风速越大，粉尘排出隧道所需时间越短。
4 结论
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1)气-固两相流条件下，CO在抛掷区内均匀分布，CO运移随通风时间的增加呈平移和扩散2种运移方式，CO以团状的形式涌出隧道，且隧道壁处的CO运移速度大于隧道中心的运移速度。
2)围岩温度对CO的运移有一定影响，围岩温度越高，CO运移速度越快，但对粉尘运移影响较小。
3)风筒出口速度对CO及粉尘运移影响较大，速度越快，CO及粉尘运移速度越快，更利于在隧道开展作业。
基金
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  • 国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室开放课题(KLECDH20230201)
  • 河南省高等学校重点科研项目(23B440005)
  • 河南工程学院博士培育基金(D2022021)
文献
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2024年第34卷第11期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.1590
  • 接收时间：2024-06-11
  • 首发时间：2025-07-09
  • 出版时间：2024-11-28
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  • 收稿日期：2024-06-11
  • 修回日期：2024-09-12
基金
国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室开放课题(KLECDH20230201)
河南省高等学校重点科研项目(23B440005)
河南工程学院博士培育基金(D2022021)
作者信息
    1 中国职业安全健康协会，北京 100029
    2 北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院，北京 100083
    3 四川铸创安全科技有限公司，四川 成都 610040
    4 河南工程学院 资源与安全工程学院，河南 郑州 451191

通讯作者:

** 魏丁一(1991—)，男，河南禹州人，博士，讲师，主要从事职业健康安全方面的研究。E-mail：。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.1590
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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