Article(id=1149735805398200959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735800964825832, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)11-0220-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.0171, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715356800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-11, revisedDate=1723219200000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752047977064, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1732723200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752047977064, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752047977064, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752047977064, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149735800964825832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752047976008, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756361988347, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167830080236565470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735800964825832, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167830080236565471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735800964825832, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=220, endPage=228, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149735805691802242, articleId=1149735805398200959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Heat stress prediction model for outdoor policeman based on machine learning, columnId=1149735805633081985, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Occupational health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
To address the issue of predicting heat stress risks for police officers engaged in outdoor operations under high-temperature conditions,a test dataset for monitoring core temperature of police officers under different environmental working conditions,levels of physical exertion and clothing scenarios was constructed. First,features such as height,weight,age,gender,body fat percentage,physical activity ratio (PAR),clothing insulation (CI),environmental temperature and relative humidity were extracted. Then,machine learning methods,including K-nearest neighbors (KNN),random forest (RF) and gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT),were used to establish predictive models of core temperature and heat stress risk for outdoor police officers. These models were subsequently validated. The results indicate that for the predictive model of core temperature for outdoor police officers working in high-temperature environments,the goodness-of-fit measure R2 exceeds 0.9 for KNN,RF and GBDT. In terms of error,the KNN model has the smallest prediction error,with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.053 ℃. For the heat stress prediction model for police officers engaged in outdoor operations under high-temperature conditions,the predictive performance of RF,GBDT and KNN models is significantly better than that of other models.
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为解决高温环境下户外作业警务人员热应激风险预测问题,构建不同环境工况、劳动强度和服装等条件下的警务人员核心温度监测试验数据集,提取身高、体质量、年龄、性别、体脂率、身体活动比率(PAR)、服装热阻(CI)、环境温度、相对湿度为特征,基于K近邻(KNN)、随机森林(RF)、梯度提升决策树(GBDT)等多种机器学习方法,建立户外作业警务人员核心温度及热应激风险预测模型,并进行验证。结果表明:对于高温环境下户外作业警务人员的核心温度预测模型,KNN、RF和GBDT的拟合优度R2均超过0.9,在误差方面,KNN模型的预测误差最小,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.053℃;对于高温环境下户外作业警务人员热应激预测模型,RF、GBDT和KNN模型的预测性能明显优于其他模型。
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1 School of Information and Network Security,People's Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China
2 Key Laboratory of Security Prevention and Risk Assessment,Beijing 100038,China
3 Institute for Emergency Rescue Ergonomics and Protection,China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1167815914255823004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, authorId=1167815914125799574, language=CN, stringName=胡啸峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 中国人民公安大学 信息网络安全学院,北京 100038
2 安全防范技术与风险评估公安部重点实验室,北京 100038
3 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急救援工效与防护研究院,北京 100083, bio={"img":"hIWHrjsc7FtvC7w1sjryXQ==","content":"
胡啸峰 (1986—),男,河北唐山人,工学博士,副教授,主要从事风险评估与预测预警技术方面的研究。E-mail:huxiaofeng@ppsuc.edu.cn。
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胡啸峰 (1986—),男,河北唐山人,工学博士,副教授,主要从事风险评估与预测预警技术方面的研究。E-mail:huxiaofeng@ppsuc.edu.cn。
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1 中国人民公安大学 信息网络安全学院,北京 100038)]), AuthorCompany(id=1167815913966416014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167815913970610319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, companyId=1167815913966416014, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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Framework of heat stress prediction model for outdoor police officers in high temperature environment, figureFileSmall=DhwoRdZMsBaSh9h0a/xZWw==, figureFileBig=a/mI7AV0+i9g9LlpR2Xxgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167815915581223087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
高温环境下户外作业警务人员热应激预测模型 注:联合系统体温调节(Joint System Thermoregulation,JOS-3);身体活动比率(Physical Activity Ratio,PAR);决策树(Decision Trees,DT);梯度提升决策树(Gradient Boosting Decision Trees,GBDT);随机森林(Random Forest,RF);K近邻(K-Nearest Neighbors,KNN);岭回归(Ridge Regression,RR);受试者工作特征(Receiver Operating Characteristic,ROC);曲线下的面积(Area Under Curve,AUC);均方误差(Mean Square Error,MSE);平均绝对误差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)
, figureFileSmall=DhwoRdZMsBaSh9h0a/xZWw==, figureFileBig=a/mI7AV0+i9g9LlpR2Xxgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167815915644137648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Comparison of predicted and actual values of core temperature of each time node by KNN model, figureFileSmall=FbVwTHOu4CUVmlOEtw55Bg==, figureFileBig=FTmwy0V9Su8lzGWVCxuoyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167815915690274993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
KNN模型对各时间节点核心温度的预测值与实际值的对比, figureFileSmall=FbVwTHOu4CUVmlOEtw55Bg==, figureFileBig=FTmwy0V9Su8lzGWVCxuoyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167815915736412338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Experimental conditions
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 组别 | 温度/℃ | 相对湿度/% | 作业强度 | 服装 |
| 1 | 34 | 60 | 轻度 | 警服 |
| 2 | 36 | 60 | 轻度 | 警服 |
| 3 | 38 | 60 | 轻度 | 警服 |
| 4 | 40 | 60 | 轻度 | 警服 |
| 5 | 34 | 60 | 中度 | 警服 |
| 6 | 36 | 60 | 中度 | 警服 |
| 7 | 38 | 60 | 中度 | 警服 |
| 8 | 40 | 60 | 中度 | 警服 |
| 9 | 34 | 60 | 重度 | 警服 |
| 10 | 36 | 60 | 重度 | 警服 |
| 11 | 38 | 60 | 重度 | 警服 |
| 12 | 40 | 60 | 重度 | 警服 |
| 13 | 38 | 60 | 轻度 | 便服 |
| 14 | 34 | 60 | 中度 | 便服 |
| 15 | 36 | 60 | 中度 | 便服 |
| 16 | 38 | 60 | 中度 | 便服 |
| 17 | 40 | 60 | 中度 | 便服 |
| 组别 | 温度/℃ | 相对湿度/% | 作业强度 | 服装 |
| 18 | 38 | 60 | 重度 | 便服 |
| 19 | 36 | 30 | 轻度 | 警服 |
| 20 | 38 | 30 | 轻度 | 警服 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167815915820298419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
试验工况
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 组别 | 温度/℃ | 相对湿度/% | 作业强度 | 服装 |
| 1 | 34 | 60 | 轻度 | 警服 |
| 2 | 36 | 60 | 轻度 | 警服 |
| 3 | 38 | 60 | 轻度 | 警服 |
| 4 | 40 | 60 | 轻度 | 警服 |
| 5 | 34 | 60 | 中度 | 警服 |
| 6 | 36 | 60 | 中度 | 警服 |
| 7 | 38 | 60 | 中度 | 警服 |
| 8 | 40 | 60 | 中度 | 警服 |
| 9 | 34 | 60 | 重度 | 警服 |
| 10 | 36 | 60 | 重度 | 警服 |
| 11 | 38 | 60 | 重度 | 警服 |
| 12 | 40 | 60 | 重度 | 警服 |
| 13 | 38 | 60 | 轻度 | 便服 |
| 14 | 34 | 60 | 中度 | 便服 |
| 15 | 36 | 60 | 中度 | 便服 |
| 16 | 38 | 60 | 中度 | 便服 |
| 17 | 40 | 60 | 中度 | 便服 |
| 组别 | 温度/℃ | 相对湿度/% | 作业强度 | 服装 |
| 18 | 38 | 60 | 重度 | 便服 |
| 19 | 36 | 30 | 轻度 | 警服 |
| 20 | 38 | 30 | 轻度 | 警服 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167815915912573108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Data sample
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特 征 | 性别 | 身高/m | 体质量/kg | 体脂率 | 年龄/ 岁 | 相对湿度/% | 温度/ ℃ | PAR | CI/ (m2·K·W-1) |
| 男 | 1.8 | 82 | 25.3 | 20 | 60 | 34 | 1.4 | 0.077 5 |
标 签 | 核心温度/℃ | 热应激 风险 |
| N1 | N2 | N3 | N4 | N5 | N6 | N7 | N8 | N9 | N10 | N11 | N12 | N13 |
| 37.59 | 37.59 | 37.54 | 37.50 | 37.44 | 37.37 | 37.33 | 37.29 | 37.28 | 37.27 | 37.27 | 37.30 | 37.32 | 0 |
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数据样例
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特 征 | 性别 | 身高/m | 体质量/kg | 体脂率 | 年龄/ 岁 | 相对湿度/% | 温度/ ℃ | PAR | CI/ (m2·K·W-1) |
| 男 | 1.8 | 82 | 25.3 | 20 | 60 | 34 | 1.4 | 0.077 5 |
标 签 | 核心温度/℃ | 热应激 风险 |
| N1 | N2 | N3 | N4 | N5 | N6 | N7 | N8 | N9 | N10 | N11 | N12 | N13 |
| 37.59 | 37.59 | 37.54 | 37.50 | 37.44 | 37.37 | 37.33 | 37.29 | 37.28 | 37.27 | 37.27 | 37.30 | 37.32 | 0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167815916151648438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Evaluation results of performance for core temperature prediction model
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| 模型 | MSE | RMSE | MAE | R2 |
| KNN | 0.003 | 0.053 | 0.010 | 0.986 |
| RR | 0.134 | 0.402 | 0.304 | 0.573 |
| SVM | 0.081 | 0.238 | 0.152 | 0.847 |
| DT | 0.025 | 0.145 | 0.034 | 0.918 |
| GBDT | 0.023 | 0.143 | 0.088 | 0.925 |
| RF | 0.013 | 0.105 | 0.042 | 0.954 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167815916218757303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
核心温度预测模型性能评价结果
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| 模型 | MSE | RMSE | MAE | R2 |
| KNN | 0.003 | 0.053 | 0.010 | 0.986 |
| RR | 0.134 | 0.402 | 0.304 | 0.573 |
| SVM | 0.081 | 0.238 | 0.152 | 0.847 |
| DT | 0.025 | 0.145 | 0.034 | 0.918 |
| GBDT | 0.023 | 0.143 | 0.088 | 0.925 |
| RF | 0.013 | 0.105 | 0.042 | 0.954 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167815916290060472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Evaluation results of KNN model on core temperature prediction performance of each time node
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| 因变量 | MSE | RMSE | MAE | R2 |
核心 温度 | 节点1 | 0.003 | 0.058 | 0.010 | 0.999 |
| 节点2 | 0.004 | 0.065 | 0.013 | 0.995 |
| 节点3 | 0.000 | 0.014 | 0.003 | 1.000 |
| 节点4 | 0.002 | 0.039 | 0.008 | 0.997 |
| 节点5 | 0.002 | 0.045 | 0.009 | 0.996 |
| 节点6 | 0.009 | 0.093 | 0.013 | 0.977 |
| 节点7 | 0.003 | 0.055 | 0.011 | 0.981 |
| 节点8 | 0.003 | 0.054 | 0.010 | 0.978 |
| 节点9 | 0.002 | 0.048 | 0.009 | 0.978 |
| 节点10 | 0.002 | 0.045 | 0.009 | 0.979 |
| 节点11 | 0.003 | 0.053 | 0.009 | 0.975 |
| 节点12 | 0.004 | 0.063 | 0.013 | 0.975 |
| 节点13 | 0.003 | 0.056 | 0.012 | 0.982 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167815916382335161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
KNN模型对各时间节点核心温度预测性能评价结果
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| 因变量 | MSE | RMSE | MAE | R2 |
核心 温度 | 节点1 | 0.003 | 0.058 | 0.010 | 0.999 |
| 节点2 | 0.004 | 0.065 | 0.013 | 0.995 |
| 节点3 | 0.000 | 0.014 | 0.003 | 1.000 |
| 节点4 | 0.002 | 0.039 | 0.008 | 0.997 |
| 节点5 | 0.002 | 0.045 | 0.009 | 0.996 |
| 节点6 | 0.009 | 0.093 | 0.013 | 0.977 |
| 节点7 | 0.003 | 0.055 | 0.011 | 0.981 |
| 节点8 | 0.003 | 0.054 | 0.010 | 0.978 |
| 节点9 | 0.002 | 0.048 | 0.009 | 0.978 |
| 节点10 | 0.002 | 0.045 | 0.009 | 0.979 |
| 节点11 | 0.003 | 0.053 | 0.009 | 0.975 |
| 节点12 | 0.004 | 0.063 | 0.013 | 0.975 |
| 节点13 | 0.003 | 0.056 | 0.012 | 0.982 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167815916495581370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
AUC values for heat stress risk model
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| 模型 | AUC |
| KNN | 0.97 |
| SVM | 0.90 |
| DT | 0.93 |
| GBDT | 0.99 |
| RF | 1.00 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167815916575273147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
热应激风险模型的AUC值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | AUC |
| KNN | 0.97 |
| SVM | 0.90 |
| DT | 0.93 |
| GBDT | 0.99 |
| RF | 1.00 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167815916633993404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Importance scores of eigenvalues for core temperature prediction model and heat stress risk prediction model
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 核心温度预测模型 | 热应激风险预测模型 |
| RF | GBDT | RF | GBDT |
| 特征 | 重要性得分 | 特征 | 重要性得分 | 特征 | 重要性得分 | 特征 | 重要性得分 |
| 环境温度 | 0.29 | 环境温度 | 0.3 | 环境温度 | 0.27 | 环境温度 | 0.31 |
| PAR | 0.23 | PAR | 0.22 | PAR | 0.24 | PAR | 0.27 |
| 相对湿度 | 0.18 | 年龄 | 0.19 | CI | 0.11 | 体脂率 | 0.12 |
| 年龄 | 0.13 | 相对湿度 | 0.17 | 体脂率 | 0.1 | 体质量 | 0.098 |
| 体脂率 | 0.074 | 体脂率 | 0.058 | 体质量 | 0.097 | CI | 0.083 |
| CI | 0.039 | CI | 0.026 | 身高 | 0.069 | 身高 | 0.067 |
| 体质量 | 0.03 | 体质量 | 0.016 | 年龄 | 0.052 | 年龄 | 0.036 |
| 身高 | 0.027 | 身高 | 0.012 | 相对湿度 | 0.036 | 相对湿度 | 0.02 |
| 性别 | 0.008 6 | 性别 | 0.008 1 | 性别 | 0.029 | 性别 | 0.002 9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167815916713685181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
核心温度预测模型、热应激风险预测模型特征值重要性得分
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| 核心温度预测模型 | 热应激风险预测模型 |
| RF | GBDT | RF | GBDT |
| 特征 | 重要性得分 | 特征 | 重要性得分 | 特征 | 重要性得分 | 特征 | 重要性得分 |
| 环境温度 | 0.29 | 环境温度 | 0.3 | 环境温度 | 0.27 | 环境温度 | 0.31 |
| PAR | 0.23 | PAR | 0.22 | PAR | 0.24 | PAR | 0.27 |
| 相对湿度 | 0.18 | 年龄 | 0.19 | CI | 0.11 | 体脂率 | 0.12 |
| 年龄 | 0.13 | 相对湿度 | 0.17 | 体脂率 | 0.1 | 体质量 | 0.098 |
| 体脂率 | 0.074 | 体脂率 | 0.058 | 体质量 | 0.097 | CI | 0.083 |
| CI | 0.039 | CI | 0.026 | 身高 | 0.069 | 身高 | 0.067 |
| 体质量 | 0.03 | 体质量 | 0.016 | 年龄 | 0.052 | 年龄 | 0.036 |
| 身高 | 0.027 | 身高 | 0.012 | 相对湿度 | 0.036 | 相对湿度 | 0.02 |
| 性别 | 0.008 6 | 性别 | 0.008 1 | 性别 | 0.029 | 性别 | 0.002 9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167815916801765566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=
Evaluation results of performance for core temperature hybrid prediction model
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| 模型 | J-1 | J-2 |
| RMSE | MAE | RMSE | MAE |
| KNN | 0.44 | 0.33 | 1.03 | 0.86 |
| RR | 0.41 | 0.30 | 1.06 | 0.89 |
| SVM | 0.42 | 0.29 | 0.99 | 0.84 |
| DT | 0.50 | 0.39 | 1.02 | 0.86 |
| GBDT | 0.44 | 0.32 | 1.02 | 0.87 |
| RF | 0.42 | 0.31 | 1.02 | 0.86 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167815916923400383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
核心温度混合预测模型性能评价结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | J-1 | J-2 |
| RMSE | MAE | RMSE | MAE |
| KNN | 0.44 | 0.33 | 1.03 | 0.86 |
| RR | 0.41 | 0.30 | 1.06 | 0.89 |
| SVM | 0.42 | 0.29 | 0.99 | 0.84 |
| DT | 0.50 | 0.39 | 1.02 | 0.86 |
| GBDT | 0.44 | 0.32 | 1.02 | 0.87 |
| RF | 0.42 | 0.31 | 1.02 | 0.86 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167815917024063681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=
Evaluation results of the performance for heat stress risk hybrid prediction model
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| 模型 | AUC |
| J-1 | J-2 |
| KNN | 0.70 | 0.67 |
| SVM | 0.66 | 0.73 |
| DT | 0.61 | 0.61 |
| GBDT | 0.68 | 0.48 |
| RF | 0.74 | 0.61 |
), ArticleFig(id=1167815917141504196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735805398200959, language=CN, label=表8, caption=
热应激风险混合预测模型性能评价结果
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| 模型 | AUC |
| J-1 | J-2 |
| KNN | 0.70 | 0.67 |
| SVM | 0.66 | 0.73 |
| DT | 0.61 | 0.61 |
| GBDT | 0.68 | 0.48 |
| RF | 0.74 | 0.61 |
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