Article(id=1149735805138158359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735800964825832, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)11-0017-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.0454, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715443200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-12, revisedDate=1723651200000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752047977003, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1732723200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752047977003, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752047977003, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752047977003, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149735800964825832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752047976008, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756361988347, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167830080236565470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735800964825832, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167830080236565471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735800964825832, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=17, endPage=25, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149735805331096346, articleId=1149735805138158359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Research on dynamic mechanism of industrial park work safety alliance based on actor network theory, columnId=1149733271128420907, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety social science and safety management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To drive multi-stakeholder work safety governance in enterprise-intensive areas such as industrial parks,the dynamic mechanism for forming a multi-stakeholder work safety governance model was explored. Firstly,the key stakeholders involved in the industrial park work safety alliance were identified through text-based data mining. Subsequently,a comprehensive investigation was conducted on the development process and governance model of the work Safety Alliance in Suzhou Industrial Park. Finally,an alliance network was proposed to analyze the translation process based on ANT. Then,the dynamic mechanisms of the Industrial Parks work Safety Alliance were investigated. The results indicated that the benefits of resource exchange could be balanced by developing a work safety resource-sharing platform and proposing a multi-agent governance mechanism in a regional work safety alliance,which can promote multiple stakeholders' collaboration in work safety governance. Furthermore,the active mobilization of core actors,coupled with concerted efforts from both internal and external parties,contributes to the efficient operation of the alliance.

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为驱动企业密集型区域(如工业园区)多主体的安全生产治理,探讨形成多主体安全生产治理模式的动力机制。首先,通过数据挖掘文本资料梳理工业园区安全生产联盟参与主体;然后,以苏州工业园区安全生产联盟为例,深度调研工业园区安全生产联盟的发展过程及治理模式。基于行动者网络理论(ANT)构建联盟网络,分析转译过程,进而探究工业园区安全生产联盟动力机制。研究结果表明:构建安全生产资源共享平台,建立类似区域安全生产联盟的多主体治理机制来平衡资源交换效益,有助于促进多方主体协作进行安全生产治理;在此过程中,核心行动者积极动员,内外联合发力有助于实现联盟高效运转。

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刘素霞 (1979—),女,河北河间人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事安全生产管理研究。E-mail:

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刘素霞 (1979—),女,河北河间人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事安全生产管理研究。E-mail:

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刘素霞 (1979—),女,河北河间人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事安全生产管理研究。E-mail:

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基于行动者网络理论的工业园区安全生产联盟动力机制
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刘素霞 , 李彩虹
中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2024,34(11): 17-25
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2024, 34(11): 17-25
基于行动者网络理论的工业园区安全生产联盟动力机制
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刘素霞 , 李彩虹
作者信息
  • 江苏大学 管理学院,江苏 镇江 212013
  • 刘素霞 (1979—),女,河北河间人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事安全生产管理研究。E-mail:

Research on dynamic mechanism of industrial park work safety alliance based on actor network theory
Suxia LIU , Caihong LI
Affiliations
  • School of Management,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013,China
出版时间: 2024-11-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.0454
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为驱动企业密集型区域(如工业园区)多主体的安全生产治理,探讨形成多主体安全生产治理模式的动力机制。首先,通过数据挖掘文本资料梳理工业园区安全生产联盟参与主体;然后,以苏州工业园区安全生产联盟为例,深度调研工业园区安全生产联盟的发展过程及治理模式。基于行动者网络理论(ANT)构建联盟网络,分析转译过程,进而探究工业园区安全生产联盟动力机制。研究结果表明:构建安全生产资源共享平台,建立类似区域安全生产联盟的多主体治理机制来平衡资源交换效益,有助于促进多方主体协作进行安全生产治理;在此过程中,核心行动者积极动员,内外联合发力有助于实现联盟高效运转。

行动者网络理论(ANT)  /  工业园区  /  安全生产联盟  /  安全生产治理  /  动力机制

To drive multi-stakeholder work safety governance in enterprise-intensive areas such as industrial parks,the dynamic mechanism for forming a multi-stakeholder work safety governance model was explored. Firstly,the key stakeholders involved in the industrial park work safety alliance were identified through text-based data mining. Subsequently,a comprehensive investigation was conducted on the development process and governance model of the work Safety Alliance in Suzhou Industrial Park. Finally,an alliance network was proposed to analyze the translation process based on ANT. Then,the dynamic mechanisms of the Industrial Parks work Safety Alliance were investigated. The results indicated that the benefits of resource exchange could be balanced by developing a work safety resource-sharing platform and proposing a multi-agent governance mechanism in a regional work safety alliance,which can promote multiple stakeholders' collaboration in work safety governance. Furthermore,the active mobilization of core actors,coupled with concerted efforts from both internal and external parties,contributes to the efficient operation of the alliance.

actor network theory (ANT)  /  industrial park  /  work safety alliance  /  work safety management  /  dynamic mechanism
刘素霞, 李彩虹. 基于行动者网络理论的工业园区安全生产联盟动力机制. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (11) : 17 -25 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.0454
Suxia LIU, Caihong LI. Research on dynamic mechanism of industrial park work safety alliance based on actor network theory[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (11) : 17 -25 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.0454
近年来,伴随着全国安全生产专项整治等安全生产治理行动的开展,全国安全生产事故总量、较大事故和重大事故实现“三个继续下降”,安全生产治理成果显著。然而,防范和遏制生产事故仍然任重道远,已有研究表明:事前规制的未雨绸缪对安全生产治理的改善作用显著[1],将安全生产的外部压力转化为企业的自觉行动,才能从根本上推动安全生产治理的高质量发展[2]。工业园区(简称园区)作为众多中小企业的载体与聚集区[3],安全生产治理过程具有复杂性高、关联性强等特点,需要调动多主体进行事前安全生产治理来解决这一难题[4]。园区安全生产联盟是在政府引导下由企业针对安全生产领域形成的安全资源交换的合作模式,其本质是为了构建企业互相促进、政府与企业充分沟通的安全生产良好格局,实现提升企业安全生产的目标,共同推动园区安全生产水平的提升。因此,探究园区安全生产联盟这种多主体安全生产治理的动力机制,对发展园区企业安全生产治理工作具有重要意义。
目前,有关企业(尤其是中小企业)安全生产治理模式的研究主要集中在以下方面:①安全生产托管(即购买安全生产服务)模式。将安全生产管理委托给专业服务机构[5],是实现安全资源有效利用和配置的方式。有学者认为,政府相关部门应考虑园区的特殊性,合理采取一刀切停产整顿的措施,引导安全生产资源实力弱的企业购买安全生产托管服务[6]。②调整政府管制策略模式[7]。考虑到安全生产事故带来负外部溢出效应的因素[8],政府管制策略的调整对安全不达标企业带来不同的影响[69],如政府安监部门的严格监管会使不达标的中小企业面临限期停产整顿乃至关闭取缔的风险[10]。③从供应链的角度出发,通过对核心企业进行施压倒逼上游中小企业提升安全生产水平的模式[11],如供应链中核心企业的安全审核会直接影响中小企业供应商的订单量。也有学者提出客户重视能够提高集成商的安全生产监管能力及供应商的安全生产投入的输出效率[12]。④舆论监督模式,通过媒体曝光事故隐患和安全生产违法违规行为,促进社会公众运用舆论监督推动企业加强安全生产社会治理[13]。同时,社会媒体作为引导力量提高公众安全生产的认知[14],积极的安全生产氛围增加安全生产行为的产生[15]。总体来看,当前研究的安全生产治理模式大多联结较少主体对企业施压,缺乏多主体安全生产治理的研究,特别是多主体资源共享的研究,且较少文献针对多主体事前安全生产治理模式研究。
园区安全生产联盟正是联结多主体的事前安全生产治理模式,是通过各主体相互作用形成彼此联系,并实现利益最大化的异质性网络,而行动者网络理论(Actor Network Theory,ANT)正是通过关注行动者和网络之间的相互作用来解释网络构建的动力与模式,该理论是由CALLON[16]等学者提出,包括行动者、转译过程及网络构建3个部分。因此,笔者拟借助ANT分析各主体构建苏州园区安全生产联盟行动者网络的过程,系统梳理出园区安全生产联盟发展脉络及动力机制,便于更好地引导各主体各司其职,进入良性循环,实现最佳效能,以期有效促进园区安全生产可持续发展。
当地应急管理部门作为安全生产治理的顶层设计者和政策引领者,其主要职责是指导各部门应对安全生产工作。然而,当前面临多重治理困境:①安全生产治理体系不够完备以及治理手段有待继续丰富的问题。②虽然加大监管力度,将政府监管责任前置有利于改善安全生产治理绩效[17-18],但由于监管力量和服务能力有限,难以覆盖到所有企业,实现从政府监管到政府服务的改变仍有困难[1219-20],特别是在监管资源有限且行业种类较多的背景下,难以确保在各领域都有专家能够精准监督和管理,从而难以准确把握企业的安全生产水平。③部分企业应对安全生产治理的态度仍不够积极,仅凭当地应急管理部门的监督及处罚难以真正提升区域的安全生产水平。
园区管理方作为公共资源的提供者,对整个园区负有安全生产管理与协调的责任。依据现实情景,负责园区安全生产的管理部门有所区别,分为政府机构、政府派出机构、事业单位与私营单位。政府机构能够行使安全监管职能,对园区企业进行安全生产执法,一般视为应急管理部门;政府派出机构一般为园区管理委员会,也视为应急管理部门;事业单位与私营单位负责园区的运营与安全生产管理。在此将负责园区企业安全生产的管理部门统称为园区管理方,相比应急管理部门的监管职责,园区管理方更偏重于安全生产管理职能。首先,园区管理方会设置企业入园门槛,对企业进行资格审查,初步把控安全生产风险。其次,约束园区企业安全生产,促进企业安全生产的合作[21],为企业提供安全生产保障,如拟定健全安全生产责任制度、安全生产管理制度,督促企业安全隐患排查与整改,开展安全宣传与教育活动等。但由于资源和专业背景有限,园区管理方在开展工作中难以提供全面专业的指导,会面临安全管理措施不到位及企业安全生产意识不够强等问题。
安全生产科学研究所等相关院所及机构(简称科研院所)是园区企业安全生产治理的技术指导者。科研院所主要进行以下工作:①面向政府和机关部门,努力做好安全科技支撑工作;②面向企业和社会,努力提供优质的安全生产技术服务工作;③提高院所人员技术服务能力,为地区安全生产形势根本好转作出积极的贡献。为做好工作,科研院所需要结合一线企业难题和共性问题,但由于企业数量庞大,生产规模及安全生产水平存在差异,提高安全生产服务的针对性也有待加强。
园区龙头企业(简称龙头企业)特指在园区中安全生产水平较高的企业,它们不仅是自身企业安全生产治理的直接责任主体,还是周围同行企业甚至是整个园区企业安全生产治理的风向标,这些企业对于安全生产治理活动的参与程度会影响其他企业的参与意向。但园区龙头企业也面临着园区其他企业安全生产事故的多米诺骨牌效应、事故的负溢出效应及安全生产政策管制的负溢出效应[6]
园区其他企业指的是除园区龙头企业之外的其他园区内企业,也是该企业自己安全生产的直接责任主体,理应积极主动承担安全生产的社会责任,加大安全生产投入,增加安全生产资源。然而,加大企业安全生产投入的内部压力来自事故给企业带来的预期损失,外部压力来自政府查处力度或被社会监管举报的概率[22]。众多中小企业不仅安全生产能力不足,无法提供安全生产信息、培训、指导和监督[23],且因安全投入资金有限难以长期依靠安全生产托管的服务,安全生产管理难以实现较大跨度的改良。由于以上特点,园区其他企业面临着自身安全生产能力不足,想提高安全生产水平但有心无力的问题。
采用单案例纵向研究的方法研究,理由阐述如下:首先,研究问题属于What和How范畴,且园区安全生产联盟所包含的具体要素、动力机制等较为复杂,借助案例研究的方法则有利于对某种现象或者事件予以较为详尽的描述[24]。然后,案例研究特别适合探索新现象、新领域的发展脉络[25],有利于厘清园区安全生产联盟这种新兴安全生产治理模式的构建,进而分析其动力机制。最后,案例研究可弥补传统统计方法中的不足且适用于个体研究者,与多案例研究相比,纵向单案例研究更适合研究园区安全生产联盟这种涉及多主体的复杂现象[26]
苏州园区安全生产联盟已形成园区的安全生产特色品牌。一方面,苏州园区安全生产联盟具有规模性和完整性,经过3年发展,联盟会员单位涵盖辖区全部规上企业,构建并完善联盟组织架构。另一方面,该联盟开展各种专题活动,服务于企业安全生产的提质增效,打造了安全生产特色品牌,是园区安全生产联盟发展的典范。因此,选取苏州园区安全生产联盟为研究对象。
资料来源包括政府报告、官方网站资讯、媒体报道、苏州园区安全生产联盟相关负责人访谈记录、工作总结。
行动者包括人类行动者及非人类行动者,在网络中扮演相应的角色,使行动者形成稳定的利益联盟。苏州园区安全生产联盟的主要行动者为苏州园区应急管理部门(即苏州园区当地应急管理部门)、苏州园区管理方、科研院所、龙头企业、园区其他企业等人类行动者及安全生产资金、设备、培训场所等非人类行动者。
转译过程是行动者网络的核心过程,包括问题呈现与强制通行点设置、利益赋予、征召、动员、异议5个环节。
1) 问题呈现与强制通行点设置。问题呈现是园区安全生产联盟发展的第1个阶段,在此阶段,苏州园区应急管理部门作为核心行动者需要找出各行动者面临的障碍和问题,设置建立苏州园区安全生产联盟为强制通行点(Obligatory Points of Passage,OPP)来协调和实现不同行动者的利益追求(图1)。作为核心行动者的苏州园区应急管理部门引领其他人类行动者组建联盟进行安全生产治理,希望通过建立园区安全生产联盟可聚集辖区内专业力量,针对性解决同类型企业的安全生产共性问题。园区管理方希望通过联盟增加园区安全生产管理成效,降低管理成本,减少园区的安全隐患,便于今后园区的招商引资。科研院所一方面希望通过联盟获取一线企业更直观的安全生产资料,增加与政府的合作机会,为科研课题和技术公关提供可能的方向;另一方面,在参与安全生产治理的过程中也能扩大自身的影响力。龙头企业一方面希望通过联盟增加与政府和各企业安全生产治理的合作机会,以此减少周围企业生产事故的负外部溢出风险;另一方面,有机会获得标杆企业等荣誉,以便更好激励自身和其他企业重视安全生产治理。园区其他企业期待通过联盟不仅可增加企业可利用的安全生产资源,提升自身的安全生产水平,保障生产的正常运行,而且在遇到难以解决的共性问题时,寻求应急管理部门及科研院所援助上会得到更多支持和更快响应。
正是由于这种人类行动者的转译行为,安全生产资金、设备、培训场所等非人类行动者实现价值提升,并且增加了园区安全生产治理的韧性。一方面,由于园区安全生产联盟的资源具有聚集性,在购买安全生产服务、外聘专家、设备支出的费用上更具有议价权,提升安全支出的性价比;另一方面,安全生产检查设备和培训场所等安全生产资源能够通过增加使用频率来释放自身价值。
2) 利益赋予。利益赋予是作为核心行动者的苏州园区应急管理部门稳固与各行动者关系的技术手段,使各行动者能够在苏州园区安全生产联盟这个集体中扮演新的角色,并在网络中发挥关键作用。苏州园区安全生产联盟各行动者具有不同的利益取向,当利益取向发生冲突时,以强制通行点为中心,各行动者根据自己的利益诉求共同构建网络。
苏州园区应急管理部门作为核心行动者,通过政策激励、资源分配等方式,稳定其他行动者,是行动者网络的规划者、领导者和监督者;苏州园区管理方通过组织安全生产活动等方式来支持园区安全生产联盟的建立,是行动者网络的有力支持者、组织者和监督者;科研院所提供专业的技术或设备提高了园区安全生产联盟的运行质量,是行动者网络的助力者;龙头企业通过自身相对优良的安全生产水平和专业技术知识带动和帮扶其他企业,并共享设备和培训场所,是行动者网络的标杆和深度参与者;园区其他企业虽是联盟中重点帮扶的对象,但也提供自身的专业技术知识,是行动者网络中最大的受益群体和参与者;安全生产资金、设备、培训场所等作为非人类行动者也增加了利用效能,它们也是行动者网络的参与者。
3) 征召。征召阶段就是核心行动者为实现目标征召其他异质行动者进入网络的过程。在明确建立苏州园区安全生产联盟的发展目标后,苏州园区应急管理部门首先通过行政征召,主动融入行动者网络,并承担起相应的责任和义务。其次,通过行政征召、技术征召及荣誉征召等多种形式,征召苏州园区管理方、科研院所、龙头企业及园区其他企业加入到安全生产联盟行动者网络。
4) 动员。动员阶段是行动者网络的形成阶段,苏州园区应急管理部门上升为整个行动者网络的代言人。苏州园区应急管理部门以行政力量动员苏州园区管理方来组织园区安全生产联盟参与安全生产相关活动;动员科研院所针对园区安全生产联盟企业重难点问题开展专题培训等活动;鼓励龙头企业参与园区安全生产联盟内部结对帮扶、安全大讲堂及安全检查等活动;引导联盟企业成员参加现场隐患互查、交流学习、结对帮扶、专题培训、安全生产知识竞赛等活动。协调整合各行动者,维护整个安全生产联盟的稳定运行。
5) 异议。排除异议是动态调整苏州园区安全生产联盟实际问题的能力。联盟在推进中存在企业参与的主体地位、联盟的管理与文化建设等各种困难和异议。苏州园区应急管理部门会定期访问联盟,针对联盟的异议召开研讨会,提供资源和平台来引导各行动者协商解决问题,使行动者网络更加稳固。
人类行动者和非人类行动者通过转译过程共同构建一个异质性网络。苏州园区应急管理部门是苏州园区安全生产联盟的关键行动者,依靠行政和市场力量,自上而下对人类行动者及非人类行动者进行征召动员、排除异议。苏州园区安全生产联盟形成后,除进行日常安全生产互查互纠的活动,还会开展以下活动:①每月开展安全大讲堂、安全主题沙龙活动,定期开展安全知识竞赛等系列活动。②联盟会征集、选定安全生产热门话题或问题,根据权威部门回复,邀请行业专家、企业主要负责人进行答疑解惑、经验分享,同时,联盟会进行安全生产团体标准建设,针对如锂电池、租赁厂房类似的安全生产管理的难点,填补安全生产标准的空白。③联盟面向园区选聘具备相关业务能力和相应资质的专业人才纳入到园区安全生产联盟专家库,同时,整合优秀的师资队伍、课程、培训场所等资源,融合新入职的执法人员和企业管理人员开展安全生产育苗计划,为开辟安全生产人才培养新路径。
园区安全生产联盟开展安全生产治理活动后产生一系列效应。首先,联盟的安全生产治理活动促进安全生产品牌效应和园区本质安全提升。安全生产品牌效应和园区本质安全提升,一方面会互相促进,另一方面也会激励联盟的良好运行,同时对苏州园区应急管理部门和苏州园区管理方构建联盟形成激励。其次,联盟中部分龙头企业会被评选为标杆企业,反向激励联盟内外的龙头企业积极参加联盟活动或加入联盟。再者,标杆企业的确立也会促进安全生产品牌效应。各个异质行动者不断互相嵌入发生作用,形成一个相对稳定的苏州园区安全生产联盟行动者网络(图2)。
由于园区安全生产联盟中主体的多元化且主体性质各异,如何让企业、行业、运行模式、管理制度、安全生产资源等主体实现协同,成为探究园区安全生产联盟构建过程中的关键问题。以ANT为研究视角,园区安全生产联盟的构建过程就是参与主体之间构建其行动者网络的过程。从该视角分析,政府政策引导、园区管理方带动、科研院所技术支持等是支撑苏州园区安全生产联盟发展的外援动力,龙头企业示范引领、企业对安全生产高度重视及资源聚集是苏州园区安全生产联盟发展的内生动力。
1) 外援动力。①政府政策引导。苏州园区安全生产联盟如单纯依靠企业自发形成,难以在短期内形成聚集效应,应急管理部门的政策引导为联盟的建立奠定基础。首先,苏州园区应急管理部门负责安全生产联盟的顶层设计,以资源共享、优势互补、共同发展的总体思路推动园区安全生产联盟发展,按照安全管理相似、企业类型相近、资源优势相融的原则,引导各方主体进行结盟。其次,苏州园区应急管理部门广泛宣传提升园区本质安全的扶持政策,3年内助力近80家联盟企业申报奖补资金,涉及项目金额超500万。再次,针对如锂电池、租赁厂房等安全生产管理的难点及重大危险源、陈旧设施等安全生产的重点部位,苏州园区应急管理部门凝聚该领域的监管部门、大院大所、联盟龙头企业的力量,开展课题研究,制定专属方案,填补该领域安全生产管理的标准规范的空白。最后,对于表现突出龙头企业给予安全生产社会责任企业奖,对于安全生产水平提升的企业给予安全生产进步奖,以此更好地打造安全生产联盟的品牌效应,反向助推联盟内各主体积极参加安全生产。②园区管理方带动。苏州园区管理方作为苏州园区企业与政府沟通的桥梁,一方面,熟悉园区的管理制度,定期组织安全生产相关活动,为联盟积极运行提供条件,另一方面,针对建设联盟过程出现的问题进行协调,为实现园区的本质安全做出积极努力。③科研院所支持。科研院所是苏州园区安全生产联盟有力的外援支持,一方面,根据联盟企业存在的普遍问题,委派专家进行专项指导;另一方面,根据联盟企业遇到的安全生产难点问题,苏州园区应急管理部门联合科研院所进行安全生产重大科技攻关和开展技术示范工作。
2) 内生动力。①龙头企业示范引领。首先,一批安全生产工作突出的龙头企业组成了苏州园区安全生产联盟的理事会,参与联盟的各项决议和安全生产治理活动;其次,联盟内的龙头企业也会根据行业或区域特点组织开展各项安全生产活动,分享安全生产经验,致力成为园区安全生产的标杆企业,积极打造安全生产品牌效应。最后,针对园区安全生产的重难点课题,龙头企业也发挥优势,积极参与课题研究。②企业对安全生产高度重视。企业对安全生产重要性的深刻认识是园区安全生产联盟动力涌现的基石。一方面,安全生产能够保障生产的顺利进行,是支撑企业生产活动的必要条件。苏州园区安全生产联盟通过对安全生产管理人员的教育和培训及举办相应的安全生产活动,及时消除事故隐患,保障职工安全和健康,加强生产经营单位的安全防护体系,增加企业竞争力和促进企业可持续发展。反之,安全得不到保障就意味着生产受到影响,且发生重大事故也需要企业承担经济成本和声誉风险。随着国家对构建安全生产治理体系和治理能力现代化的加强,及其他相关主体对安全生产的重视,也让企业看到提升安全生产治理的大势所趋。③资源聚集。安全生产资金、设备、培训场所及企业和科研院所的技术人才都是联盟聚集的安全生产治理资源,是苏州园区安全生产联盟发展的基石,也是促进其发展的重要影响因素。一方面,苏州园区安全生产联盟聚集了园区各行业的专业人才力量和培训场所,打通了安全生产资源内部的互联互通,推进了优秀安全生产资源的共享。另一方面,苏州园区安全生产联盟搭建了政企沟通的平台,拉动了园区外行业的扶持力量,助力园区安全生产工作的开展。
3) 外援动力和内生动力共同推动联盟建立。苏州园区安全生产联盟形成过程是各类异质行动者开展协作、利益机制和竞争博弈的交互过程,本质上就是行动者通过转译过程互相嵌入、共同构建异质性行动网络。政府政策引导、园区管理方带动、科研院所技术支持等外援动力,及龙头企业示范引领、企业对安全生产高度重视、资源聚集等内生动力,联合驱动了苏州园区安全生产联盟的发展(图3)。
推进安全生产联盟的发展需要政府政策的有力支持,打造多主体发展格局。首先,在相关政策的要求和指导下,根据不同区域企业特点和其他相关利益主体特点,立足资源聚集性优势,构建体现各地安全生产治理特色的联盟,推进高质量发展要求的安全生产联盟布局;其次,细化安全生产联盟的资金扶持政策,设立奖惩标准,落实专项奖金对运行良好的联盟予以奖金奖励;最后,依托安全生产联盟的发展规划,大力发展政府与企业、区域管理者与企业、科研院所与企业、企业与企业之间的安全生产的协作治理,形成政府监督引导、多主体参与、资源聚集的新格局。
推进安全生产联盟的发展本质是需要培养技能水平高、专业素养强的人才队伍。一方面,整合联盟内部优秀的师资队伍、课程、培训场所等资源,融合企业安全技术和企业安全管理人员,聚集安全生产的专业力量;另一方面,针对行业需求紧缺人才,可以寻求科研院所帮助,或引入安全生产服务机构进行及时性、针对性的培训,快速提升行业人才水平,发挥人才聚集的发展优势。
推进安全生产联盟的发展需要利用安全生产品牌效应激发企业安全生产治理的内生驱动力。一方面,政府、园区及社会公众等主体对安全生产的重视程度会影响企业安全生产的态度,通过打造地方安全生产品牌效应,加强当地应急管理部门等主体对联盟建设的重视,形成良性循环,从外部施压激发安全生产内生驱动力,推进联盟的发展。另一方面,联盟企业之间的联动及共享的资源(如苏州园区安全生产联盟的“安全育苗计划”活动、共享的“联盟应急管理专家库”及设立的“安全生产标杆企业”、“安全生产进步企业”称号)会逐渐形成联盟的安全生产品牌效应,形成独有的IP价值,进而从联盟内部激发安全生产内生驱动力,推动联盟更大范围和更高质量的发展。
1) 传统的单一主体监管存在失效、成本高、成效低等问题,针对园区等企业密集区域的安全生产治理,建立类似区域安全生产联盟的多主体治理机制来平衡资源交换效益,增加安全生产治理成效,满足不同的治理需求。
2) 园区安全生产联盟中各成员间存在异质性,需要核心行动者积极调动联盟的凝聚力,既要从外部监管施压,又需要企业间的自发动力,外援动力和内生动力的共同作用有助于保持联盟的凝聚力,实现联盟的高效运行。
3) 园区安全生产治理是一项复杂的系统工程。一方面,完善政府监查与企业自查、互查的多种监管机制,使企业更有效实现安全生产的目标;另一方面,积极打造创建安全生产的氛围,引导园区企业发挥主人翁意识,让企业主动想提高安全生产水平,同时,积极搭建的安全生产提升平台,汇集安全生产资源,让企业能提高安全生产水平。
  • 国家自然科学基金(72074099)
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2024年第34卷第11期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.0454
  • 接收时间:2024-05-12
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-11-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-12
  • 修回日期:2024-08-15
基金
国家自然科学基金(72074099)
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    江苏大学 管理学院,江苏 镇江 212013
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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