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Article(id=1149735803535929970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735800964825832, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)11-0153-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.0315, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717948800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-10, revisedDate=1724169600000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752047976620, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1732723200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752047976620, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752047976620, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752047976620, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149735800964825832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752047976008, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756361988347, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167830080236565470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735800964825832, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167830080236565471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735800964825832, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=153, endPage=162, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149735804207018617, articleId=1149735803535929970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Analysis of influence of laying heat insulation layer on cooling effect of roadway, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the heat damage issue brought by deep mining in coal mines，based on ANSYS simulation software，the roadway heat insulation model was constructed. The influence of basic parameters of different heat insulation layers and laying methods on the roadway wall structure was analyzed，and the cooling effect of the heat insulation roadway was further investigated. The results of the study show that the laying of the heat insulation layer could reduce the radius of the peripheral rock heat-regulating circle and slow down the heat dissipation of the peripheral rock，and the three ways of laying the heat insulation layer have little effect on the temperature field of the peripheral rock. Compared with the temperature of the non-insulated support layer，the average temperature of the support layer is reduced significantly by laying of the heat insulation layer in the rock-adhering type，whereas the opposite is true for wall-adhering type and the sandwich type. The increase in the thickness of the heat insulation layer and the decrease in the heat conduction coefficient of heat-insulating material could increase the heat-insulating effect，and 7cm is the optimal thickness of heat insulation layer. Excessive inlet wind speed or air temperature will affect the cooling effect of heat-insulated roadway. Heat-insulated roadway is suitable for high temperature roadway with low wind speed，low inlet air temperature and long ventilation distance.

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为解决煤矿深部开采带来的热害问题，基于ANSYS模拟软件，构建巷道隔热模型，分析不同隔热层基本参数和铺设方式对巷道壁面结构的影响，并进一步探究隔热巷道的降温效果。研究结果表明：铺设隔热层能减小围岩调热圈半径和延缓围岩散热，3种隔热层铺设方式对围岩温度场无明显影响；贴岩式隔热层铺设方式使支护层平均温度相较于无隔热层支护层温度明显降低，而贴壁式和夹心式则与之相反；增加隔热层厚度和降低隔热材料的导热系数可以增加隔热效果，7 cm为最佳隔热层厚度；入口风速或者风温过高都会影响隔热巷道的降温效果，隔热巷道适用于通风风速较低，入口风温较低，通风距离较长的高温巷道。

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崔大雄 (1999—)，男，云南昭通人，硕士研究生，研究方向为矿井热害防治。E-mail：。

游波，教授

高科，教授

杨明，教授

韩巧云，副教授

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崔大雄 (1999—)，男，云南昭通人，硕士研究生，研究方向为矿井热害防治。E-mail：。

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崔大雄 (1999—)，男，云南昭通人，硕士研究生，研究方向为矿井热害防治。E-mail：。

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2 矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点实验室，辽宁 葫芦岛 125105
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游波，教授

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游波，教授

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高科，教授

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高科，教授

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杨明，教授

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杨明，教授

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韩巧云，副教授

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Structural material parameters of each layer

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材料 密度/
(kg·m-3)		 导热系数/
(W·m-1·℃-1)		 比热容/
(J·kg-1·K-1 )		 动力黏度/
(Pa·s)
巷道围岩 2 330 2.62 880 —
支护层 2 400 1.74 1 000 —
空气 1.205 0.025 9 1 005 1.81×10-5
), ArticleFig(id=1167816036473643718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735803535929970, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各层结构材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 密度/
(kg·m-3)		 导热系数/
(W·m-1·℃-1)		 比热容/
(J·kg-1·K-1 )		 动力黏度/
(Pa·s)
巷道围岩 2 330 2.62 880 —
支护层 2 400 1.74 1 000 —
空气 1.205 0.025 9 1 005 1.81×10-5
), ArticleFig(id=1167816036528169671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735803535929970, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Setting of boundary conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件 参数设置
求解器 压力求解器
湍流强度 5%
求解方法 压力耦合半隐式方法
速度入口/(m·s-1) 1
入口风温/℃ 24
围岩初始温度/℃ 50
壁面粗糙度常数 0.5
壁面粗糙高度/m 0.07
), ArticleFig(id=1167816036599472840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735803535929970, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

设置边界条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件 参数设置
求解器 压力求解器
湍流强度 5%
求解方法 压力耦合半隐式方法
速度入口/(m·s-1) 1
入口风温/℃ 24
围岩初始温度/℃ 50
壁面粗糙度常数 0.5
壁面粗糙高度/m 0.07
), ArticleFig(id=1167816036695941833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735803535929970, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Cooling effect of thermal insulation layer under different inlet wind speeds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
入口风速/
(m·s-1)		 巷道出口风流温度/℃ 降幅/%
隔热前 隔热后
1 31.40 30.15 3.89
2 28.15 27.37 2.77
3 26.88 26.33 2.04
4 26.21 25.77 1.67
), ArticleFig(id=1167816036800799434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735803535929970, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同入口风速下隔热层的降温效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
入口风速/
(m·s-1)		 巷道出口风流温度/℃ 降幅/%
隔热前 隔热后
1 31.40 30.15 3.89
2 28.15 27.37 2.77
3 26.88 26.33 2.04
4 26.21 25.77 1.67
), ArticleFig(id=1167816036855325387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735803535929970, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Cooling effect of heat insulation layer under different inlet air temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
入口风温/℃ 巷道出口风流温度/℃ 降幅/%
隔热前 隔热后
24 31.40 30.15 3.89
26 32.83 31.67 3.53
28 34.26 33.20 3.09
30 35.69 34.73 2.68
), ArticleFig(id=1167816036918239948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735803535929970, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同入口风温下隔热层的降温效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
入口风温/℃ 巷道出口风流温度/℃ 降幅/%
隔热前 隔热后
24 31.40 30.15 3.89
26 32.83 31.67 3.53
28 34.26 33.20 3.09
30 35.69 34.73 2.68
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铺设隔热层对巷道降温效果的影响分析
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崔大雄 1 , 游波 1, 2, 3 , 高科 2 , 杨明 4 , 韩巧云 1 , 陈元森 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(11): 153-162
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(11): 153-162
铺设隔热层对巷道降温效果的影响分析
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崔大雄1 , 游波1, 2, 3, 高科2, 杨明4, 韩巧云1, 陈元森1
作者信息
  • 1 湖南科技大学 资源环境与安全工程学院，湖南 湘潭 411201
  • 2 矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点实验室，辽宁 葫芦岛 125105
  • 3 河南理工大学 河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地，河南 焦作 454003
  • 4 河南理工大学 安全科学与工程学院，河南 焦作 454003

    • 崔大雄 (1999—)，男，云南昭通人，硕士研究生，研究方向为矿井热害防治。E-mail：。

    游波，教授

    高科，教授

    杨明，教授

    韩巧云，副教授

Analysis of influence of laying heat insulation layer on cooling effect of roadway
Daxiong CUI1 , Bo YOU1, 2, 3, Ke GAO2, Ming YANG4, Qiaoyun HAN1, Yuansen CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering，Hunan University of Science and Technology，Xiangtan Hunan 411201，China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Mine Thermodynamic Disasters and Control of Ministry of Education (Liaoning Technical University)，Huludao Liaoning 125105，China
  • 3 State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control，Henan Polytechnic University，Jiaozuo Henan 454003，China
  • 4 School of Safety Science and Engineering，Henan Polytechnic University，Jiaozuo Henan 454003，China
出版时间: 2024-11-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.0315
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摘要
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为解决煤矿深部开采带来的热害问题，基于ANSYS模拟软件，构建巷道隔热模型，分析不同隔热层基本参数和铺设方式对巷道壁面结构的影响，并进一步探究隔热巷道的降温效果。研究结果表明：铺设隔热层能减小围岩调热圈半径和延缓围岩散热，3种隔热层铺设方式对围岩温度场无明显影响；贴岩式隔热层铺设方式使支护层平均温度相较于无隔热层支护层温度明显降低，而贴壁式和夹心式则与之相反；增加隔热层厚度和降低隔热材料的导热系数可以增加隔热效果，7 cm为最佳隔热层厚度；入口风速或者风温过高都会影响隔热巷道的降温效果，隔热巷道适用于通风风速较低，入口风温较低，通风距离较长的高温巷道。

隔热层  /  隔热巷道  /  降温效果  /  围岩温度场  /  温度梯度  /  风流温度

In order to solve the heat damage issue brought by deep mining in coal mines，based on ANSYS simulation software，the roadway heat insulation model was constructed. The influence of basic parameters of different heat insulation layers and laying methods on the roadway wall structure was analyzed，and the cooling effect of the heat insulation roadway was further investigated. The results of the study show that the laying of the heat insulation layer could reduce the radius of the peripheral rock heat-regulating circle and slow down the heat dissipation of the peripheral rock，and the three ways of laying the heat insulation layer have little effect on the temperature field of the peripheral rock. Compared with the temperature of the non-insulated support layer，the average temperature of the support layer is reduced significantly by laying of the heat insulation layer in the rock-adhering type，whereas the opposite is true for wall-adhering type and the sandwich type. The increase in the thickness of the heat insulation layer and the decrease in the heat conduction coefficient of heat-insulating material could increase the heat-insulating effect，and 7cm is the optimal thickness of heat insulation layer. Excessive inlet wind speed or air temperature will affect the cooling effect of heat-insulated roadway. Heat-insulated roadway is suitable for high temperature roadway with low wind speed，low inlet air temperature and long ventilation distance.

insulation layer  /  roadway insulation  /  cooling effect  /  temperature field of surrounding rock  /  temperature gradient  /  airflow temperature
崔大雄, 游波, 高科, 杨明, 韩巧云, 陈元森. 铺设隔热层对巷道降温效果的影响分析. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (11) : 153 -162 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.0315
Daxiong CUI, Bo YOU, Ke GAO, Ming YANG, Qiaoyun HAN, Yuansen CHEN. Analysis of influence of laying heat insulation layer on cooling effect of roadway[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (11) : 153 -162 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.0315
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0 引言
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由于浅部资源的开采殆尽，我国煤炭资源逐渐转向深部开采，矿井热害问题随着开采深度的延伸而暴露出来[1-2]。据统计，未来15年内，我国超过50%的矿产资源将进入地层千米以下的深部开采[3]。目前，我国开采深度超过700m的矿井，围岩温度已经超过35℃，最高温度可达50℃。巷道围岩温度随着开采深度的增加而升高，进而导致矿内热环境更加恶劣，并逐渐演化成高地温矿井[4]。控制围岩散热对于解决高地温矿井围岩散热带来的高温热害，具有重要意义。
对此，研究人员提出大量的热害治理方法[5-6]。传统的降温技术为被动式降温技术，对以围岩散热为主要热源的高地温矿井，难以从根本上解决围岩散热所导致的矿井高温问题[7-8]。巷道隔热法是一种新型主动降温的方法，通过在巷道壁面喷注隔热材料进而实现围岩散热的控制，减少围岩热量向巷内风流的传递[9]。基于巷道隔热基本原理，张源等[10]开展了围岩温度场的演变特性研究，提出利用低导热系数混凝土材料构造“复合阻热圈”的主动隔热基本理论。陈青林等[11]利用ANSYS软件开展巷道风流性质与围岩调热圈参数匹配关系研究，确定最佳的通风方案。朱国龙等[12]根据流固耦合及边界层理论，研究深井降温系统影响下的掘进工作面温度场分布特性。张树光等[13]建立围岩—隔热一维非稳态下的有限差分方程，并编制相关程序进行验证，提高了对巷道围岩调热圈和隔热结构的认知。何发龙等[14]利用数值试验模型模拟研究高地温矿井围岩传热过程，得出各因素对巷道壁面温度的影响程度。吴栋等[15]采用多物理场数值模拟软件(COMSOL)模拟高地温矿井巷道喷浆隔热，分析高地温巷道喷浆前后径向温度场特征，从不同角度验证了相似试验结果的合理性，并进一步探讨了喷浆层特性对降温效果的影响。上述研究侧重于巷道调热圈和围岩温度场分布特性的研究，并没有深入研究隔热层的基本参数和铺设方式，更未进一步分析通风参数对隔热巷道的影响。
鉴于此，笔者将建立深部高温巷道隔热降温模型，分析不同隔热层基本参数和铺设方式对巷道壁面结构温度的影响，确定最佳的隔热层铺设方式，并进一步开展不同进风参数条件下隔热巷道的降温效果分析，以期对巷道隔热工程实践提供借鉴。
1 隔热巷道模型建立及参数设置
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1.1 隔热巷道模型的建立
隔热巷道模型由隔热层、支护层和围岩3个部分组成，巷道围岩的计算区域为50 m×50 m×1 000 m，巷道位于计算区域的中心位置。圆拱半径为1.2m，高2m，净宽2.4m，净高3.2m，支护层厚度为20cm。在半圆拱形巷道入口处进行通风，为符合工程实际情况，笔者选取通风风速为1m/s，几何模型如图1所示。
网格独立性验证是数值模拟研究中的重要部分，因此，先验证网格的独立性。网格A有2 314 683个网格单元，网格B有4 042 400个网格单元，网格C有7 850 500个网格单元，如图2所示。
从图2可以看出，3种网格单元都可以模拟巷道风流温度变化，网格A和网格B的模拟结果差异不大。然而，通风距离较短时，网格C的模拟结果波动较大，模拟精度不够高。由于网格B和网格A的预测模拟结果相差不大，且网格B的单元总数远少于网格A，考虑计算精度和时间，选择网格B进行数值计算。
1.2 隔热层铺设方式的选取
隔热层的铺设可以有效降低巷道内的温度，并延长支护层混凝土的使用寿命。贴壁式、贴岩式、夹心式和离壁式4种方式是隔热层的主要铺设方式(图3)。离壁式在国内基本没有现场应用，因此暂不考虑[16]。
1.3 巷道围岩传热模型假设
建立巷道围岩传热数学模型[17]，分析巷道内围岩和空气的稳态传热过程。模型假设： 1) 巷道围岩、支护层、隔热层均质且各向同性，热物理性质稳定。
2) 忽略巷道范围内地温梯度对围岩温度的影响。
3) 巷道围岩、支护层、隔热层材料接触良好，不考虑界面热阻。
4) 仅考虑围岩散热，忽略湿度的影响。
5) 井下巷道中风流不可压缩，符合布辛涅司克(Boussinesq)近似假设，流动连续且为充满整个巷道的稳定紊流。
基于以上假设，采用以下数学模型计算隔热巷道围岩：
隔热巷道围岩遵循圆柱坐标系的不稳定热传导基本微分方程：
∂ t ∂ τ = α ∂ 2 t ∂ r 2 + 1 r · ∂ t ∂ r + 1 r 2 ∂ 2 t ∂ φ 2 + ∂ 2 t ∂ z 2
如果沿φ、z方向上没有温度变化，则式(1)可简化为：
∂ t ∂ τ = α ∂ 2 t ∂ r 2 + 1 r · ∂ t ∂ r
如果温度不随时间变化，则为稳态热传导，微分方程为：
∂ 2 t ∂ r 2 + 1 r · ∂ t ∂ r = 0
式中：t为围岩内部温度，℃;τ为通风时间，s;r为围岩与巷道轴心距离，m;α为围岩热扩散系数，m2/s;
为获得完整的隔热巷道围岩温度场，还需要建立巷道风流温度场的数学模型。巷道内的能量守恒方程为：
∂ t f ∂ τ + v ∂ t f ∂ z = - U h ρ f A c p ( t f - t )
式中：cp为巷道风流的比热容，J/(kg·℃); ρ f为风流密度，kg/m3;U为巷道断面周长，m;A为巷道断面面积，m2;h为巷内近壁面风流对流换热系数，W/(m2·℃);
巷道风流遵循的传热方程为：
∂ ( ρ f H ) ∂ t + ∂ ( ρ f v x H ) ∂ x + ∂ ( ρ f v y H ) ∂ y + ∂ ( ρ f v z H ) ∂ z = - p d i v v + d i v ( λ f g r a d t ) + ϕ
式中：H为风流焓值，kJ/kg; λf为流体导热系数，W/(m·K);vx、vy、vz分别为速度沿坐标轴方向上的分量，m/s;p为流体微元体上的压力，Pa;v为速度向量，m/s; gradt温度梯度，℃/m;ϕ为耗散函数。
1.4 模型边界条件
1.4.1 各层结构材料参数
巷道隔热模型中主要涉及巷道围岩、支护层和隔热层，各层材料的选用参考常规高温巷道工程地质条件和施工情况进行设置[18]，各层结构材料参数见表1。
1.4.2 边界条件的设置
基于上述假设，设置模型边界条件，对空气流场作稳态计算。数值计算选择标准k- ε湍流模型，并激活能量方程。将边界条件设置如下：巷道进口为速度入口，巷道出口设为压力出口；壁面边界条件为无滑移壁面，设为静止壁面并且选用标准壁面函数，巷道围岩温度为50℃，边界参数设置见表2。
2 铺设隔热层对降温效果的影响
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隔热层铺设方式、厚度和导热系数是影响围岩温度场分布和巷道壁面结构温度梯度的重要因素，文中选用的深井高温巷道通风时间足够长，通风状态达到稳定时期。在模拟过程中，依据井下实际工程情况，采用控制变量分析隔热层对高地温巷道的影响。
2.1 铺设方式对隔热效果的影响
为明确隔热层铺设方式对巷道降温效果的影响，确定隔热层厚度为7cm，导热系数为0.124 W/(m·K)，其他条件见表2。在不同隔热层铺设方式下的围岩温度分布情况如图4所示。图5为各隔热层铺设方式下围岩径向温度变化情况，图5中，横坐标0m表示巷道中心位置，调热圈半径以围岩边界计。
由图4可知：矿井围岩的温度场近似于以巷道中心为圆心的同心圆，隔热巷道截面温度均低于无隔热层巷道截面温度，符合围岩调热圈温度场基本分布情况，隔热层的铺设能对高温巷道起到良好的降温效果。以巷道围岩温度降低值超过初始围岩温度的0.1%的范围为调热圈，调热圈与原岩交界面至巷道中心的距离定义为围岩调热圈半径[19]。从图5中可以看出，未铺设隔热层前，围岩调热圈半径为21.95m，铺设隔热层后，调热圈半径减小，3种隔热层铺设方式的调热圈半径均为20.68m。这说明隔热层的铺设方式基本不会改变巷道围岩调热圈的分布情况。
图6为不同隔热层铺设方式下巷道壁面结构平均温度的变化情况。由图6可知：无隔热层时巷道内平均风流温度为27.8℃，分别将隔热层设置为贴岩式、贴壁式和夹心式时，巷内平均风流温度分别是27.2、27.1、27.3℃。与无隔热层巷道相比，平均温度分别降低2.2%、2.5%和1.7%;无隔热层时支护层平均壁面温度为30.2℃，设置隔热层后，采取贴岩式隔热层的方式使支护层平均壁面温度降低1℃，采取贴壁式和夹心式隔热层的方式反而使支护层平均壁面温度上升3.8和1.2℃。
上述结果表明：铺设3种隔热层都会使巷内平均风流温度有所降低，贴岩式对巷道风流和支护层的降温效果最为突出。这是由于铺设方式的不同，采用贴岩式隔热层可以有效增加围岩与支护层之间的壁面热阻，从而隔绝围岩向支护层和巷道内的散热；采用不同的隔热层铺设方式对支护层平均温度的影响不同，铺设方式为贴壁式和夹心式时，支护层平均温度高于无隔热层巷道，因为贴壁式无法有效隔热热量向支护层传递，夹心式无法对第1层支护结果进行隔热保护，致使巷道内的降温措施对支护层的降温作用有限。接下来以贴岩式为例，分析隔热厚度和导热系数对巷道降温的影响。
2.2 隔热层对隔热效果的影响
在确定隔热层铺设方式为贴岩式的情况下，分别改变隔热层厚度和隔热层的导热系数，确定隔热层厚度为0、7、14、21cm，隔热层导热系数的选取参考矿用隔热材料物性，其导热系数分别为0.124、0.283、0.394、0.724 9 W/(m·K)。在通风稳定后，分析不同隔热层厚度和导热系数在巷道出口截面即Z=1 000m处巷道壁面的温度分布，结果如图7、图8所示。图7中，横坐标表示位置同图4，截取巷道中心至围岩距离为4m的温度分布情况。
由图7可知：巷道壁面温度分布与隔热层、支护层和围岩层的空间分布一致，温度分布具有明显的分区域特征。支护层、隔热层和围岩层交界处的温度连续，但温度梯度发生变化，其中隔热层的温度梯度最大，围岩层的温度梯度最小。这种现象说明隔热层主要是通过改变围岩内部的温度梯度来延缓围岩向风流散热，并且随着隔热层厚度和导热系数的变化而改变。由图7a可知：对于导热系数相同的隔热材料，隔热层越厚，巷道壁面结构附近的温度梯度越大。由图7b可知：在相同隔热厚度7cm的情况下，隔热材料导热系数越低，温度梯度变化情况越明显，这说明较低的导热系数对围岩向巷道风流传递热量的阻碍作用越强。
图8为巷道壁面结构温度随不同隔热厚度和导热系数的变化情况。
由图8a可知：在无隔热层和隔热层厚度为7、14、21cm条件下，支护层温度为分别为30.1、29.2、28.7、28.3℃，巷内平均风流温度分别为27.8、27.2、26.9、26.7℃，可以看出，隔热层厚度增加后支护层和巷道出口风流温度有所降低，但降低的幅度逐渐减小，巷道风流和支护层温度随着隔热层厚度的增加降温效果越来越不明显。这说明隔热层并不是越厚越好，应该结合工程实际情况确定最佳的隔热层厚度，7cm为最佳隔热层厚度。隔热层温度分别为31.8、32.4、32.8℃，即隔热层越厚，隔热层温度越高，这说明在选用隔热材料进行巷道隔热时，还需要考虑材料的耐高温性能。
由图8b可知：随着隔热层导热系数的增加，巷道出口风流温度和支护层温度也随之增加，隔热层温度随之下降，并且变化的幅度逐渐变缓。但导热系数大于0.283 W/(m·K)时，尽管有一定的隔热效果，但对巷道整体隔热而言意义不大。
总之，隔热层的铺设厚度和导热系数均对巷道壁面结构温度具有显著影响，隔热层的设置增加了围岩与支护层之间的热阻，对于导热相同的隔热材料而言，隔热层越厚，热量传递的路径越长，热阻越大；对于隔热层厚度相同的隔热材料而言，材料导热系数越低，隔热效果越好。这是因为隔热层导热系数较小时，可以有效阻止围岩热量向支护层和巷道内传递；隔热层厚度的增加和导热系数的减小都会导致隔热层温度的增加，隔热层热阻较大时巷道围岩散热较差，并且热量聚集在隔热层和围岩内部。
3 风流参数对隔热巷道的影响
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根据上文对隔热层铺设方式及参数的分析可知：通风参数也是影响隔热巷道降温效果的主要因素，因此，以通风参数为变量，分析其对隔热巷道降温效果的影响。
3.1 入口风速的影响
隔热材料厚度为7cm，巷道出口初始风温24℃，根据煤巷与半煤岩巷道允许风速为0.15~4m/s范围，确定巷道入口风速分别为1、2、3、4m/s，通风达到稳定的状态下，沿巷道中心轴线风流温度变化如图9所示，表3为隔热巷道在不同入口风速下的降温效果。
由图9a可知：不同风速对巷道的降温效果会产生一定程度的影响，拟合隔热前后的温差与入口风速发现，由于入口风速增加，不断将低温风流输入巷道内，巷道温度升幅小，巷内风流温度整体下降。分析认为，由于进口风速较大，风流与围岩发生热交换的时间变短，围岩与风流的换热量减小。
由表3可知：对高温巷道铺设隔热层后巷道内的风流温度的降低幅度会随着风流速度的增加而减小，入口风速为1m/s时，风流温度降低幅度为3.89%，当风速增加到4m/s时，仅降低1.67%。这说明隔热材料的降温效果与入口风流速度密切相关，即入口风流速度较大时，隔热巷道的降温效果不明显。通风降温是高温矿井主要的降温措施，但井下工作条件复杂，无法达到理想的通风条件，因此，在隔热巷道中，风速要保持在合理的范围内，以免出现资源浪费。
3.2 入口风温的影响
根据入口风流速度对隔热巷道降温效果的研究可知：入口风温也是影响巷道降温的主要因素，因此，以进风温度为变量，分析入口风温对隔热巷道降温效果的影响。隔热层厚度为7cm，出口风速为1m/s，确定入口风温分别为24、26、28、30℃。巷内通风达到稳定时，沿巷道中心轴线风流温度如图10所示，表4为不同入口风流初始温度下的巷道出口污风的温度变化结果。
由图10a可知：随着通风距离的增加，巷内风流温度也随之增加，但通风距离较短时，巷道隔热降温效果不明显，但通风距离超过100m时，隔热巷道具有较好的降温效果。当送风温度大于28℃时，铺设隔热巷道的降温效果不明显，隔热前后巷内风流温差较小。根据图10b中入口风温与隔热前后温差的拟合关系可知：入口风温较高时，对于整个巷道的降温效果并不明显。
由表4可知：入口风温为24℃时，风流温度降低幅度为3.89%，但温度增加到30℃时，降低幅度仅为2.68%，这说明隔热材料的降温效果同样和入口风流温度具有密切关系，即入口风流温度对隔热巷道的降温效果具有抑制作用，且风流温度越高，抑制作用越明显。
4 结论
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1) 铺设隔热层后，巷道围岩调热圈半径明显减小，隔热巷道平均风流温度均低于无隔热层平均风流温度，分别降低2.2%、2.5%和1.7%;隔热层铺设方式的改变不会影响围岩调热圈半径，贴岩式隔热层铺设方式使支护层的平均温度低于无隔热层时的平均温度，降低幅度为1℃，而贴壁式和夹心式使支护层的平均温度均高于无隔热层的平均温度，分别升高3.8和1.2℃。
2) 对导热系数相同的隔热材料，增加隔热层厚度只会增加巷道壁面结构附近的温度梯度，对降低巷道内风流和支护层温度的效果是逐渐递减，7cm为最佳隔热层厚度。对于隔热层厚度相同的隔热材料，导热系数越低，巷道壁面结构附近的温度梯度越大，降温效果越明显，在选用隔热材料进行巷道隔热时应尽量选择导热系数小的隔热材料。
3) 入口风速较大时，隔热巷道的降温效果并不明显，风速为1m/s时，风流温度降幅为3.89%，当风速增加到4m/s时，仅降低1.67%。入口风流温度大于28℃时，隔热巷道的降温效果逐渐降低，并且随着风流温度和速度的升高，对降温效果的抑制作用越明显。
基金
收起
  • 国家自然科学基金(52174179)
  • 辽宁工程技术大学矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点实验室基金(JSK202204)
  • 河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地开放基金(WS2023B09)
文献
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2024年第34卷第11期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.0315
  • 接收时间：2024-06-10
  • 首发时间：2025-07-09
  • 出版时间：2024-11-28
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  • 收稿日期：2024-06-10
  • 修回日期：2024-08-21
基金
国家自然科学基金(52174179)
辽宁工程技术大学矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点实验室基金(JSK202204)
河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地开放基金(WS2023B09)
作者信息
    1 湖南科技大学 资源环境与安全工程学院，湖南 湘潭 411201
    2 矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点实验室，辽宁 葫芦岛 125105
    3 河南理工大学 河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地，河南 焦作 454003
    4 河南理工大学 安全科学与工程学院，河南 焦作 454003
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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