Article(id=1149733270469918814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149733267617788430, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)12-0129-11, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.12.0509, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721145600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-17, revisedDate=1726070400000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752047372690, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1735315200000, pubDateStr=2024-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752047372690, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752047372690, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752047372690, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149733267617788430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='228', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752047372010, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756361981736, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167830052499628941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149733267617788430, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167830052499628942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149733267617788430, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=129, endPage=139, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149733270667051110, articleId=1149733270469918814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Effect evaluation and experimental validation of engineering blasting based on extension-analytic hierarchy process model, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to ensure the normal passage of vehicles and the safety of the existing tunnel support structure during the blasting through the highway,the evaluation method of engineering blasting effect based on extension-AHP model was proposed. Firstly,by means of investigation and analysis,the blasting effect rating standard and index system were established,and the model was applied to the evaluation of a water diversion project. Secondly,AHP was used to determine the weights of evaluation indexes,and the combined relevance degree of blasting rating was calculated. Finally,the results of the blasting effect rating were verified by acoustic detection test,blasting shock wave test and blasting seismic wave test. The study shows that the combined relevance degree Q j ( X - M ) is calculated by extension-AHP model. The blasting effect of the tunnel boring is Qmax=-0.017,and the evaluation grade is a good blasting effect. The surrounding rock loose circle of the tunnel is relatively small and evenly distributed. The influence range of the surrounding rock stability is about 0.5-0.6 m. The blasting energy does not cause the rock rupture zone to further extend the signs of the inward. The energy attenuation trend of blasting seismic waves is different under different wave frequencies. However,the attenuation rate is greater than that of low-frequency component energy in the overall performance of high-frequency component energy. In the same channel,with the increase of the distance between the blasting source and the measurement points,the overall vibration waveform becomes narrower. The main frequency increases first and then decreases,and the main frequency domain moves to the low-frequency direction. The overpressure peak attenuation characteristic of blasting shock wave meets PS=αl-γ. With the increase in the distance from the blasting sourceblasting shock wave overpressure attenuation coefficient is an increasing trend. The measurement range belongs to the shock wave attenuation zone. The shock wave overpressure peak of the tunnel entrance and the construction outside tend to converge.

, correspAuthors=Ying XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Suqian NI, Ying XU, Rongzhou YANG, Xiangyang YAO, Yanwei YUAN, Jinfu DING), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149733289633694620, articleId=1149733270469918814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=基于可拓-层次分析模型的工程爆破效果评价及试验验证, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为确保爆破下穿高速公路期间车辆正常通行及隧道既有支护结构安全,提出基于可拓-层次分析(AHP)模型的工程爆破效果评价方法。首先,建立爆破效果评级标准及指标体系,将该模型应用至某引水工程评价中;其次,采用AHP法确定评价指标权重,并计算得到爆破评级综合关联度;最后,开展声波探测试验、爆破冲击波试验及爆破地震波试验,综合验证爆破效果评级结果。结果表明:通过可拓-AHP模型计算出综合关联度 Q j ( X - M ),隧道掘进爆破效果评定为Qmax=-0.017,评价等级为爆破效果良好。隧洞围岩松动圈范围较小且分布均匀,围岩稳定性的影响范围为0.5~0.6 m,爆炸能量没有造成岩石破裂带向内进一步延伸迹象。爆破地震波在不同波频下的能量衰减趋势不同,但衰减速度在整体上具有高频成分能量大于低频成分能量表现;在同通道下,随着爆源与测点距离的增大,整体振动波形变窄,具有主频先增后减、主频域往低频方向移动表现。爆破冲击波超压峰值衰减特征满足PS=αl,且随着爆源距的增大,爆破冲击波超压衰减系数呈递增趋势,布测范围属于冲击波衰减区,隧洞口处及施工外区的冲击波峰值超压趋于收敛。

, correspAuthors=徐颖, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**徐颖(1965—),男,安徽泗县人,博士,教授,主要从事岩土工程爆破等方面的研究。E-mail:
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倪苏黔 (1996—),男,江苏南通人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为岩土工程爆破、岩-机相互作用。E-mail:

杨荣周,讲师。

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倪苏黔 (1996—),男,江苏南通人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为岩土工程爆破、岩-机相互作用。E-mail:

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倪苏黔 (1996—),男,江苏南通人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为岩土工程爆破、岩-机相互作用。E-mail:

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杨荣周,讲师。

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杨荣周,讲师。

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China Civil Engineering Journal, 2015, 48(S1): 414-418., articleTitle=Risk assessment of construction for Bohai bay subsea tunnel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167743252066218762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149733270469918814, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=6, pageStart=839, pageEnd=845, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=25, authorNames=钱蓉, 邓树新, 王明洋, journalName=同济大学学报:自然科学版, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钱蓉, 邓树新, 王明洋, 等. 深部工程围岩松动圈范围确定及变形破坏机理[J]. 同济大学学报:自然科学版, 2023, 51(6): 839-845., articleTitle=深部工程围岩松动圈范围确定及变形破坏机理, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167743252124939019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149733270469918814, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=6, pageStart=839, pageEnd=845, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=26, authorNames=QIAN Rong, DENG Shuxin, WANG Mingyang, journalName=Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIAN Rong, DENG Shuxin, WANG Mingyang, et al. Range determination and deformation failure mechanism of loosening zone of surrounding rock in deep engineering[J]. 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Standard of evaluation grade

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评级 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 实际量值
Y1 Z11 [1,0.61] (0.61,0.38] (0.38,0.25] (0.25,0.17] (0.17,0] 0.404
Z12 [1,0.88] (0.88,0.70] (0.70,0.53] (0.53,0.32] (0.32,0] 0.663
Z13 [1,0.86] (0.86,0.71] (0.71,0.57] (0.57,0.34] (0.34,0] 0.523
Z14 [1,0.89] (0.89,0.68] (0.68,0.47] (0.47,0.29] (0.29,0] 0.503
Z15 [1,0.71] (0.71,0.42] (0.42,0.29] (0.29,0.20] (0.20,0] 0.393
Y2 Z21 [1,0.79] (0.79,0.53] (0.53,0.26] (0.26,0.08] (0.08,0] 0.204
Z22 [1,0.78] (0.78,0.46] (0.46,0.18] (0.18,0.08] (0.08,0] 0.383
Z23 [1,0.59] (0.59,0.27] (0.27,0.15] (0.15,0.07] (0.07,0] 0.445
Z24 [1,0.84] (0.84,0.62] (0.62,0.45] (0.45,0.24] (0.24,0] 0.397
Z25 [1,0.63] (0.63,0.42] (0.42,0.21] (0.21,0.10] (0.10,0] 0.295
Z26 [1,0.90] (0.90,0.69] (0.69,0.51] (0.51,0.31] (0.31,0] 0.527
Z27 [1,0.65] (0.65,0.34] (0.34,0.13] (0.13,0.05] (0.05,0] 0.544
Y3 Z31 [1,0.63] (0.63,0.32] (0.32,0.16] (0.16,0.07] (0.07,0] 0.274
Z32 [1,0.72] (0.72,0.50] (0.50,0.28] (0.28,0.09] (0.09,0] 0.109
Z33 [1,0.82] (0.82,0.56] (0.56,0.29] (0.29,0.11] (0.11,0] 0.545
Z34 [1,0.77] (0.77,0.43] (0.43,0.24] (0.24,0.08] (0.08,0] 0.130
Z35 [1,0.88] (0.88,0.67] (0.67,0.39] (0.39,0.16] (0.16,0] 0.805
Z36 [1,0.86] (0.86,0.64] (0.64,0.40] (0.40,0.18] (0.18,0] 0.717
Y4 Z41 [1,0.88] (0.88,0.67] (0.67,0.46] (0.46,0.29] (0.29,0] 0.642
Z42 [1,0.86] (0.86,0.61] (0.61,0.49] (0.49,0.29] (0.29,0] 0.738
Z43 [1,0.61] (0.61,0.33] (0.33,0.16] (0.16,0.06] (0.06,0] 0.439
Z44 [1,0.82] (0.82,0.54] (0.54,0.38] (0.38,0.21] (0.21,0] 0.255
Z45 [1,0.71] (0.71,0.40] (0.40,0.29] (0.29,0.18] (0.18,0] 0.417
Z46 [1,0.67] (0.67,0.46] (0.46,0.33] (0.33,0.19] (0.19,0] 0.343
Z47 [1,0.92] (0.92,0.69] (0.69,0.46] (0.46,0.20] (0.20,0] 0.531
Y5 Z51 [1,0.76] (0.76,0.48] (0.48,0.29] (0.29,0.07] (0.07,0] 0.471
Z52 [1,0.60] (0.60,0.28] (0.28,0.15] (0.15,0.05] (0.05,0] 0.099
Z53 [1,0.67] (0.67,0.46] (0.46,0.25] (0.25,0.08] (0.08,0] 0.455
Z54 [1,0.68] (0.68,0.36] (0.36,0.17] (0.17,0.06] (0.06,0] 0.187
), ArticleFig(id=1167743249604162277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149733270469918814, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

评级标准划分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评级 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 实际量值
Y1 Z11 [1,0.61] (0.61,0.38] (0.38,0.25] (0.25,0.17] (0.17,0] 0.404
Z12 [1,0.88] (0.88,0.70] (0.70,0.53] (0.53,0.32] (0.32,0] 0.663
Z13 [1,0.86] (0.86,0.71] (0.71,0.57] (0.57,0.34] (0.34,0] 0.523
Z14 [1,0.89] (0.89,0.68] (0.68,0.47] (0.47,0.29] (0.29,0] 0.503
Z15 [1,0.71] (0.71,0.42] (0.42,0.29] (0.29,0.20] (0.20,0] 0.393
Y2 Z21 [1,0.79] (0.79,0.53] (0.53,0.26] (0.26,0.08] (0.08,0] 0.204
Z22 [1,0.78] (0.78,0.46] (0.46,0.18] (0.18,0.08] (0.08,0] 0.383
Z23 [1,0.59] (0.59,0.27] (0.27,0.15] (0.15,0.07] (0.07,0] 0.445
Z24 [1,0.84] (0.84,0.62] (0.62,0.45] (0.45,0.24] (0.24,0] 0.397
Z25 [1,0.63] (0.63,0.42] (0.42,0.21] (0.21,0.10] (0.10,0] 0.295
Z26 [1,0.90] (0.90,0.69] (0.69,0.51] (0.51,0.31] (0.31,0] 0.527
Z27 [1,0.65] (0.65,0.34] (0.34,0.13] (0.13,0.05] (0.05,0] 0.544
Y3 Z31 [1,0.63] (0.63,0.32] (0.32,0.16] (0.16,0.07] (0.07,0] 0.274
Z32 [1,0.72] (0.72,0.50] (0.50,0.28] (0.28,0.09] (0.09,0] 0.109
Z33 [1,0.82] (0.82,0.56] (0.56,0.29] (0.29,0.11] (0.11,0] 0.545
Z34 [1,0.77] (0.77,0.43] (0.43,0.24] (0.24,0.08] (0.08,0] 0.130
Z35 [1,0.88] (0.88,0.67] (0.67,0.39] (0.39,0.16] (0.16,0] 0.805
Z36 [1,0.86] (0.86,0.64] (0.64,0.40] (0.40,0.18] (0.18,0] 0.717
Y4 Z41 [1,0.88] (0.88,0.67] (0.67,0.46] (0.46,0.29] (0.29,0] 0.642
Z42 [1,0.86] (0.86,0.61] (0.61,0.49] (0.49,0.29] (0.29,0] 0.738
Z43 [1,0.61] (0.61,0.33] (0.33,0.16] (0.16,0.06] (0.06,0] 0.439
Z44 [1,0.82] (0.82,0.54] (0.54,0.38] (0.38,0.21] (0.21,0] 0.255
Z45 [1,0.71] (0.71,0.40] (0.40,0.29] (0.29,0.18] (0.18,0] 0.417
Z46 [1,0.67] (0.67,0.46] (0.46,0.33] (0.33,0.19] (0.19,0] 0.343
Z47 [1,0.92] (0.92,0.69] (0.69,0.46] (0.46,0.20] (0.20,0] 0.531
Y5 Z51 [1,0.76] (0.76,0.48] (0.48,0.29] (0.29,0.07] (0.07,0] 0.471
Z52 [1,0.60] (0.60,0.28] (0.28,0.15] (0.15,0.05] (0.05,0] 0.099
Z53 [1,0.67] (0.67,0.46] (0.46,0.25] (0.25,0.08] (0.08,0] 0.455
Z54 [1,0.68] (0.68,0.36] (0.36,0.17] (0.17,0.06] (0.06,0] 0.187
), ArticleFig(id=1167743249679659750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149733270469918814, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Consistency checking result

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
判断矩阵 单层指标权重R λmax CI CR
X RX-Y=(0.209,0.076,0.491,0.089,0.136)T 5.376 0.094 0.084
Y1 R Y 1 - Z=(0.088,0.013,0.046,0.018,0.044)T 5.167 0.042 0.037
Y2 R Y 2 - Z=(0.080,0.086,0.054,0.055,0.157,0.034,0.024)T 7.659 0.110 0.081
Y3 R Y 3 - Z=(0.041,0.014,0.040,0.006,0.028,0.007)T 6.451 0.090 0.072
Y4 R Y 4 - Z=(0.030,0.011,0.003,0.006,0.011,0.011,0.002)T 7.744 0.124 0.091
Y5 R Y 5 - Z=(0.043,0.015,0.026,0.005)T 4.234 0.078 0.088
), ArticleFig(id=1167743249738380007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149733270469918814, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

一致性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
判断矩阵 单层指标权重R λmax CI CR
X RX-Y=(0.209,0.076,0.491,0.089,0.136)T 5.376 0.094 0.084
Y1 R Y 1 - Z=(0.088,0.013,0.046,0.018,0.044)T 5.167 0.042 0.037
Y2 R Y 2 - Z=(0.080,0.086,0.054,0.055,0.157,0.034,0.024)T 7.659 0.110 0.081
Y3 R Y 3 - Z=(0.041,0.014,0.040,0.006,0.028,0.007)T 6.451 0.090 0.072
Y4 R Y 4 - Z=(0.030,0.011,0.003,0.006,0.011,0.011,0.002)T 7.744 0.124 0.091
Y5 R Y 5 - Z=(0.043,0.015,0.026,0.005)T 4.234 0.078 0.088
), ArticleFig(id=1167743249818071784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149733270469918814, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Single layer index -grade correlation degree Qj(Z-M)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 R X - Z Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 隶属级别 评级
Z11 0.088 -0.338 0.104 -0.039 -0.205 -0.282 M2 良好
Z12 0.013 -0.247 -0.053 0.218 -0.283 -0.504 M3 普通
Z13 0.046 -0.392 -0.263 -0.082 0.204 -0.277 M4 较差
Z14 0.018 -0.435 -0.260 0.157 -0.062 -0.300 M3 普通
Z15 0.044 -0.446 -0.064 0.208 -0.145 -0.241 M3 普通
Z21 0.080 -0.742 -0.615 -0.215 0.311 -0.135 M4 较差
Z22 0.086 -0.509 -0.167 0.275 -0.248 -0.329 M3 普通
Z23 0.054 -0.246 0.453 -0.240 -0.347 -0.403 M2 良好
Z24 0.055 -0.527 -0.360 -0.118 0.252 -0.207 M4 较差
Z25 0.157 -0.532 -0.298 0.405 -0.108 -0.217 M3 普通
Z26 0.034 -0.414 -0.236 0.094 -0.035 -0.314 M3 普通
Z27 0.024 -0.163 0.342 -0.309 -0.476 -0.520 M2 良好
Z31 0.041 -0.565 -0.144 0.288 -0.136 -0.219 M3 普通
Z32 0.014 -0.849 -0.782 -0.611 0.100 -0.021 M4 较差
Z33 0.040 -0.335 -0.027 0.056 -0.359 -0.489 M3 普通
Z34 0.006 -0.831 -0.698 -0.458 0.313 -0.054 M4 较差
Z35 0.028 -0.085 0.357 -0.409 -0.680 -0.768 M2 良好
Z36 0.007 -0.166 0.350 -0.214 -0.528 -0.655 M2 良好
Z41 0.030 -0.270 -0.042 0.133 -0.337 -0.496 M3 普通
Z42 0.011 -0.142 0.488 -0.328 -0.486 -0.631 M2 良好
Z43 0.003 -0.280 0.389 -0.163 -0.332 -0.403 M2 良好
Z44 0.006 -0.689 -0.528 -0.329 0.265 -0.057 M4 较差
Z45 0.011 -0.413 0.055 -0.028 -0.179 -0.289 M2 良好
Z46 0.011 -0.488 -0.254 0.100 -0.019 -0.189 M3 普通
Z47 0.002 -0.423 -0.230 0.309 -0.131 -0.414 M3 普通
Z51 0.043 -0.380 -0.019 0.047 -0.255 -0.431 M3 普通
Z52 0.015 -0.835 -0.646 -0.340 0.490 -0.052 M4 较差
Z53 0.026 -0.321 -0.011 0.024 -0.273 -0.408 M3 普通
Z54 0.005 -0.725 -0.481 0.089 -0.020 -0.135 M3 普通
), ArticleFig(id=1167743249910346473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149733270469918814, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

单层指标-等级关联度Qj(Z-M)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 R X - Z Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 隶属级别 评级
Z11 0.088 -0.338 0.104 -0.039 -0.205 -0.282 M2 良好
Z12 0.013 -0.247 -0.053 0.218 -0.283 -0.504 M3 普通
Z13 0.046 -0.392 -0.263 -0.082 0.204 -0.277 M4 较差
Z14 0.018 -0.435 -0.260 0.157 -0.062 -0.300 M3 普通
Z15 0.044 -0.446 -0.064 0.208 -0.145 -0.241 M3 普通
Z21 0.080 -0.742 -0.615 -0.215 0.311 -0.135 M4 较差
Z22 0.086 -0.509 -0.167 0.275 -0.248 -0.329 M3 普通
Z23 0.054 -0.246 0.453 -0.240 -0.347 -0.403 M2 良好
Z24 0.055 -0.527 -0.360 -0.118 0.252 -0.207 M4 较差
Z25 0.157 -0.532 -0.298 0.405 -0.108 -0.217 M3 普通
Z26 0.034 -0.414 -0.236 0.094 -0.035 -0.314 M3 普通
Z27 0.024 -0.163 0.342 -0.309 -0.476 -0.520 M2 良好
Z31 0.041 -0.565 -0.144 0.288 -0.136 -0.219 M3 普通
Z32 0.014 -0.849 -0.782 -0.611 0.100 -0.021 M4 较差
Z33 0.040 -0.335 -0.027 0.056 -0.359 -0.489 M3 普通
Z34 0.006 -0.831 -0.698 -0.458 0.313 -0.054 M4 较差
Z35 0.028 -0.085 0.357 -0.409 -0.680 -0.768 M2 良好
Z36 0.007 -0.166 0.350 -0.214 -0.528 -0.655 M2 良好
Z41 0.030 -0.270 -0.042 0.133 -0.337 -0.496 M3 普通
Z42 0.011 -0.142 0.488 -0.328 -0.486 -0.631 M2 良好
Z43 0.003 -0.280 0.389 -0.163 -0.332 -0.403 M2 良好
Z44 0.006 -0.689 -0.528 -0.329 0.265 -0.057 M4 较差
Z45 0.011 -0.413 0.055 -0.028 -0.179 -0.289 M2 良好
Z46 0.011 -0.488 -0.254 0.100 -0.019 -0.189 M3 普通
Z47 0.002 -0.423 -0.230 0.309 -0.131 -0.414 M3 普通
Z51 0.043 -0.380 -0.019 0.047 -0.255 -0.431 M3 普通
Z52 0.015 -0.835 -0.646 -0.340 0.490 -0.052 M4 较差
Z53 0.026 -0.321 -0.011 0.024 -0.273 -0.408 M3 普通
Z54 0.005 -0.725 -0.481 0.089 -0.020 -0.135 M3 普通
), ArticleFig(id=1167743250002621162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149733270469918814, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Hole depth-period parameters of acoustic sounding method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔深/m 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
周期/次 首爆前、一次爆破、二次爆破
), ArticleFig(id=1167743250069730027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149733270469918814, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

声波探测法孔深-周期参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔深/m 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
周期/次 首爆前、一次爆破、二次爆破
), ArticleFig(id=1167743250124255980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149733270469918814, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Main parameters of seismic wave

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点 通道 最大振速/
(cm·s-1)
主振频
率/Hz
持续时
间/s
N1 x 0.697 42.725 0.819
y 0.518 32.959 0.819
z -1.245 35.4 0.819
N2 x 0.954 104.37 1.843
y -1.912 62.866 1.843
z 4.122 108.643 1.843
N3 x 1.479 59.204 1.843
y 0.732 61.646 1.842
z -4.097 61.646 1.842
), ArticleFig(id=1167743250191364845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149733270469918814, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

地震波主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点 通道 最大振速/
(cm·s-1)
主振频
率/Hz
持续时
间/s
N1 x 0.697 42.725 0.819
y 0.518 32.959 0.819
z -1.245 35.4 0.819
N2 x 0.954 104.37 1.843
y -1.912 62.866 1.843
z 4.122 108.643 1.843
N3 x 1.479 59.204 1.843
y 0.732 61.646 1.842
z -4.097 61.646 1.842
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基于可拓-层次分析模型的工程爆破效果评价及试验验证
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倪苏黔 1 , 徐颖 1, 2, ** , 杨荣周 1 , 姚象洋 3 , 远彦威 4 , 丁进甫 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(12): 129-139
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(12): 129-139
基于可拓-层次分析模型的工程爆破效果评价及试验验证
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倪苏黔1 , 徐颖1, 2, ** , 杨荣周1, 姚象洋3, 远彦威4, 丁进甫1
作者信息
  • 1 安徽理工大学 土木建筑学院,安徽 淮南 232001
  • 2 省部共建深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点实验室,安徽 淮南 232001
  • 3 中国科学技术大学 中国科学院材料力学行为和设计重点实验室,安徽 合肥 230026
  • 4 北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院,北京 100083
  • 倪苏黔 (1996—),男,江苏南通人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为岩土工程爆破、岩-机相互作用。E-mail:

    杨荣周,讲师。

通讯作者:

**徐颖(1965—),男,安徽泗县人,博士,教授,主要从事岩土工程爆破等方面的研究。E-mail:
Effect evaluation and experimental validation of engineering blasting based on extension-analytic hierarchy process model
Suqian NI1 , Ying XU1, 2, ** , Rongzhou YANG1, Xiangyang YAO3, Yanwei YUAN4, Jinfu DING1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan Anhui 232001,China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines,Huainan Anhui 232001,China
  • 3 CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei Anhui 230026,China
  • 4 School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China
出版时间: 2024-12-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.12.0509
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为确保爆破下穿高速公路期间车辆正常通行及隧道既有支护结构安全,提出基于可拓-层次分析(AHP)模型的工程爆破效果评价方法。首先,建立爆破效果评级标准及指标体系,将该模型应用至某引水工程评价中;其次,采用AHP法确定评价指标权重,并计算得到爆破评级综合关联度;最后,开展声波探测试验、爆破冲击波试验及爆破地震波试验,综合验证爆破效果评级结果。结果表明:通过可拓-AHP模型计算出综合关联度 Q j ( X - M ),隧道掘进爆破效果评定为Qmax=-0.017,评价等级为爆破效果良好。隧洞围岩松动圈范围较小且分布均匀,围岩稳定性的影响范围为0.5~0.6 m,爆炸能量没有造成岩石破裂带向内进一步延伸迹象。爆破地震波在不同波频下的能量衰减趋势不同,但衰减速度在整体上具有高频成分能量大于低频成分能量表现;在同通道下,随着爆源与测点距离的增大,整体振动波形变窄,具有主频先增后减、主频域往低频方向移动表现。爆破冲击波超压峰值衰减特征满足PS=αl,且随着爆源距的增大,爆破冲击波超压衰减系数呈递增趋势,布测范围属于冲击波衰减区,隧洞口处及施工外区的冲击波峰值超压趋于收敛。

可拓-层次分析(AHP)模型  /  爆破效果评价  /  声波探测  /  爆破冲击波  /  爆破地震波

In order to ensure the normal passage of vehicles and the safety of the existing tunnel support structure during the blasting through the highway,the evaluation method of engineering blasting effect based on extension-AHP model was proposed. Firstly,by means of investigation and analysis,the blasting effect rating standard and index system were established,and the model was applied to the evaluation of a water diversion project. Secondly,AHP was used to determine the weights of evaluation indexes,and the combined relevance degree of blasting rating was calculated. Finally,the results of the blasting effect rating were verified by acoustic detection test,blasting shock wave test and blasting seismic wave test. The study shows that the combined relevance degree Q j ( X - M ) is calculated by extension-AHP model. The blasting effect of the tunnel boring is Qmax=-0.017,and the evaluation grade is a good blasting effect. The surrounding rock loose circle of the tunnel is relatively small and evenly distributed. The influence range of the surrounding rock stability is about 0.5-0.6 m. The blasting energy does not cause the rock rupture zone to further extend the signs of the inward. The energy attenuation trend of blasting seismic waves is different under different wave frequencies. However,the attenuation rate is greater than that of low-frequency component energy in the overall performance of high-frequency component energy. In the same channel,with the increase of the distance between the blasting source and the measurement points,the overall vibration waveform becomes narrower. The main frequency increases first and then decreases,and the main frequency domain moves to the low-frequency direction. The overpressure peak attenuation characteristic of blasting shock wave meets PS=αl-γ. With the increase in the distance from the blasting sourceblasting shock wave overpressure attenuation coefficient is an increasing trend. The measurement range belongs to the shock wave attenuation zone. The shock wave overpressure peak of the tunnel entrance and the construction outside tend to converge.

extension-analytic hierarchy process(AHP) model  /  blasting effect evaluation  /  acoustic detection  /  blasting shock wave  /  blasting seismic wave
倪苏黔, 徐颖, 杨荣周, 姚象洋, 远彦威, 丁进甫. 基于可拓-层次分析模型的工程爆破效果评价及试验验证. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (12) : 129 -139 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.12.0509
Suqian NI, Ying XU, Rongzhou YANG, Xiangyang YAO, Yanwei YUAN, Jinfu DING. Effect evaluation and experimental validation of engineering blasting based on extension-analytic hierarchy process model[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (12) : 129 -139 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.12.0509
爆破施工技术在城市地下空间建设、公民建拆除及交通运输等领域有着广泛的应用。我国在地下空间建设等领域,采用钻爆法掘进的隧道总量占比较大,爆破环境的未知性和复杂性影响爆破掘进效率,开展爆破工程的破岩效果评估研究已成为一个不可回避的长期课题[1-2]
在安全爆破问题的评估研究中,主要采用熵值赋权法[3]、模糊数学层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)[4-6]等建立风险评估模型。自可拓集合和不相容问题被提出以来,可拓学理论逐渐在隧道[7]、桥梁[8]等安全施工领域得以运用。现阶段可拓学的研究以边坡加固工程的稳定性评价[9]、巷道衬砌支护的参数优化[10]及岩体质量分级[11]为主。其中,边坡加固工程稳定性评价中的非确定性研究以国外理论为主,如支持向量机、蒙特卡罗法等;巷道衬砌支护结构有关病害方面的评价方法较为单一;岩体质量分级在辨别方法和智能算法理论的问题上,也存在评价系统模糊性缺乏考虑和综合权重确定方法单一这2个方面的局限。在以上几类问题的研究中,国内发展起来的可拓学理论取得一定应用成果,但在隧道工程爆破效果方面还鲜有研究。
鉴于此,笔者拟提出基于可拓-AHP模型的工程爆破效果评价方法,建立爆破效果评级标准及指标体系,采用AHP确定指标权重,基于可拓-AHP模型计算得到综合关联度,并通过声波探测试验、爆破冲击波试验及爆破地震波试验进一步证实该模型对工程应用的有效性及评价结果的科学性,以期为竖井、隧道等地下工程的掘进爆破评价,以及维护既有支护结构安全,提供理论参考与实践指导。
可拓学是一种以定性与定量角度对解决不相容问题开展研究的理论方法[12],其引入物元并进行可拓变换运算,物元由事物、特征和量值这3个基本要素组成。
首先,通过可拓变换方法计算经典域物元、节域物元和待评物元;其次,基于极差法,无量纲处理单位不统一的评价指标[13];最后,建立关联函数及关联度,确定研究对象评价级别。
将AHP引入可拓学中的数学评价模型,构建可拓-AHP模型,如图1所示。
基于现场调研分析,采用AHP将某引水隧洞掘进的爆破效果评估问题分解成目标层X、准则层Y、指标层Z这3个评价层级,并提出隧道掘进的爆破效果评价因素集Z,形成引水隧洞掘进爆破评价体系,如图2所示。
依据隧道掘进经验及《爆破安全规程》(GB6722—2023),辨识并划分爆破效果级别标准,将爆破施工效果分为优M1、良好M2、普通M3、较差M4、差M5共5个等级,爆破效果评级集Mp={M1M2M3M4M5}。基于实际工况,确定掘进爆破效果的评价指标量值区间及实际量值,对其无量纲化[3]处理后,经爆破行业专家研讨,并结合工程分级方法[14],得到爆破效果评级标准划分,见表1
以山茶隧洞爆破为例,该隧洞下穿G15沈海高速路64m左右(图3),周边紧邻民建、山体公墓等。隧洞混凝土衬砌段不同的围岩类别采取不同的支护方式,Ⅱ类围岩一次喷护后洞径为5.5m×5.25m(宽×高),Ⅲ—Ⅴ类围岩衬后洞径为4.6m×4.8m(宽×高),钢衬段采用Q345R钢,钢管内径5.0m,钢管外包C25混凝土。以少量装药、密集布孔为原则的短进尺、全断面引水隧洞掘进爆破。
根据计算得到评价等级Wj、评级集合Wp及引水隧洞掘进爆破效果Wc:
W j = M p   Z 11   Z 12     Z 53   Z 54 M 1 M 2 M 3 M 4 M 5   < 0 . 61 1 > < 0 . 38 0 . 61 > < 0 . 25 0 . 38 > < 0 . 17 0 . 25 > < 0 0 . 17 >   < 0 . 88 1 > < 0 . 70 0 . 88 > < 0 . 53 0 . 70 > < 0 . 32 0 . 53 > < 0 0 . 32 >     < 0 . 67 1 > < 0 . 46 0 . 67 > < 0 . 25 0 . 46 > < 0 . 08 0 . 25 > < 0 0 . 08 >   < 0 . 68 1 > < 0 . 36 0 . 68 > < 0 . 17 0 . 36 > < 0 . 06 0 . 17 > < 0 0 . 06 > W p = M p Z 11 < 0 1 >     Z 12 < 0 1 >         Z 53 < 0 1 >     Z 54 < 0 1 > ; W c = M c Z 11 0 . 40     Z 12 0 . 66         Z 53 0 . 45     Z 54 0 . 19
基于AHP的1~9标度,比较判断多层级爆破效果评价指标,给出其判断矩阵XY1Y2Y3Y4Y5如下:
X = 1 1 / 3 2 4 2   3 1 3 4 7   1 / 2 1 / 3 1 1 1 / 3   1 / 4 1 / 4 1 1 1 / 2   1 / 2 1 / 7 3 2 1 Y 1 = 1 4 3 5 2   1 / 4 1 1 / 5 1 / 2 1 / 3   1 / 3 5 1 3 1   1 / 5 2 1 / 3 1 1 / 3   1 / 2 3 1 3 1 Y 2 = 1 1 / 2 3 2 1 / 2 2 3   2 1 2 1 1 / 3 3 4   1 / 3 1 / 2 1 2 1 / 3 3 1   1 / 2 1 1 / 2 1 1 / 4 3 3   2 3 3 4 1 3 6   1 / 2 1 / 3 1 / 3 1 / 3 1 1 3   1 / 3 1 / 4 1 1 / 3 1 / 6 1 / 3 1 Y 3 = 1 5 2 4 1 3   1 / 5 1 1 / 4 2 1 / 2 4   1 / 2 4 1 8 2 5   1 / 4 1 / 2 1 / 8 1 1 / 7 1   1 2 1 / 2 7 1 1 / 3   1 / 3 1 / 4 1 / 5 1 1 / 3 1 Y 4 = 1 3 6 5 4 5 7   1 / 3 1 4 3 2 1 / 2 2   1 / 6 1 / 4 1 1 / 2 1 / 5 1 / 4 3   1 / 5 1 / 3 2 1 1 / 3 1 5   1 / 4 1 / 2 5 3 1 1 7   1 / 5 2 4 1 1 1 6   1 / 7 1 / 2 1 / 3 1 / 5 1 / 7 1 / 6 1 Y 5 = 1 2 3 7   1 / 2 1 1 / 3 4   1 / 3 3 1 5   1 / 7 1 / 4 1 / 5 1
对以上判断矩阵作一致性检验,得到单层指标权重R、最大特征值λmax、一致性指标(Consistency Index,CI)及一致性比例(Consistency Ratio,CR),见表2
表2可知:各判断矩阵的CR均小于0.1,符合一致性要求,得到综合权重RX-Z=(0.088,0.013,0.046,0.018,0.044,0.080,0.086,0.054,0.055,0.157,0.034,0.024,0.041,0.014,0.040,0.006,0.028,0.007,0.030,0.011,0.003,0.006,0.011,0.011,0.002,0.043,0.015,0.026,0.005)T
单层指标-等级关联度Qj(Z-M)Z层评价指标对评价级别Mj的单层关联度,关联函数计算结果见表3。为便于计算Qj(Y-M)Qj(X-M),将表2计算得到的综合权重RX-Z一并列入。
根据表3,计算YX指标对评价级别MjQj(Y-M)Qj(X-M):
Q j ( Y - M ) = R X - Z · Q j ( Z - M ) = - 0 . 078 - 0 . 011 0 . 008 - 0 . 020 - 0 . 060   - 0 . 247 - 0 . 106 0 . 046 - 0 . 031 - 0 . 129   - 0 . 057 - 0 . 010 - 0 . 010 - 0 . 039 - 0 . 055   - 0 . 025 - 0 . 001 - 0 . 001 - 0 . 017 - 0 . 029   - 0 . 041 - 0 . 013 - 0 . 002 - 0 . 011 - 0 . 031 Q j ( X - M ) = R X - Y · Q j ( Y - M ) = - 0.071 - 0.017 - 0.019 - 0.029 - 0.056
至此得出爆破评级综合关联度,如图4所示。基于最大关联度原则确定X层最大关联度Qmax=Q2=-0.017,这说明该引水隧洞掘进爆破效果和评级级别M2关联程度最大,因此,可拓-AHP模型的隧洞掘进爆破效果评价为良好。
爆破效果对爆破工程生产效率有着直接的影响,提出“一模三验证”工程爆破效果评价方法,如图5所示。
基于围岩损伤松动圈理论[15],爆后围岩应力分布如图6所示。σ为应力,a为掘进半径,r为任意点到隧洞轴线的距离,c为最大支撑压力处半径,σrσθσ0分别为径向应力、环向应力和初始地应力。
采用声波探测法对3次掘进爆破状态下的围岩进行声波精细化探测,结果见表4。一次爆破后两侧待测孔距隧洞掘进工作面为13m,二次爆破后其距离为16m,即单次全断面爆破进尺约为3m。由于钻爆作业平台长度在进深8~9m,考虑预留施工作业和现场试验的可操作空间,首爆前在距掘进隧洞工作面10m处的两侧围岩各布置2个测孔,其中,两侧各1个备用孔以防止围岩喷浆加固施工造成的封堵,孔深2 000mm,孔径42mm。单次测试试验中,每次读数后以10mm为递进深度,测得20个波速值,现场试验如图7所示。
安全振速是良好爆破效果的佐证。在隧道爆破工作面上方约20m处高速公路面上,布置爆破地震波监测点,如图8所示。于爆源正上方设置测点N1,距离3m处设置测点N2,距离N1测点10m处设置测点N3
现场测试设备主要采用传感器和采集仪,并通过电缆将传感器、采集仪和电源连接形成测试验证系统,动态采集隧道掘进爆破冲击波,爆破冲击波现场试验布置如图9所示。
测得围岩声波波速随孔深变化特征,如图10所示。
图10可知:在孔深约0.5m处时,隧洞左侧围岩的声波波速出现较大变化,波速上升趋势明显,表明全断面开挖爆破对该岩体损伤存在一定影响,且围岩稳定性的影响范围0.5~0.6m。在钻爆法施工后,及时进行初期喷浆支护使得围岩受到一定的保护,二次爆破后岩石破裂带没有向更深处进一步延伸。
隧洞右侧围岩(图11)在一次爆破后,声波波速有小幅下降,岩石破裂带稍有向内延伸趋势,且孔内伴有少量震落的碎石,对围岩稳定性存在影响。而相较于一次爆破后,二次爆破后所测得的声波波速下降幅度较小,表明岩石破裂带无明显向内延伸趋势,且孔内基本没有碎石崩落。
综合爆破掘进对两侧围岩的声波波速影响分析,首爆前,一次探测时距工作面10m,此时爆炸能量对该测孔周围岩体仍有破坏,而在一次爆破后,工作面进尺3m,在相当药量下的爆炸能量已不足以对该测孔周围岩石形成更大程度的损伤破坏,加之初期喷浆支护的作用,该处隧洞围岩的稳定性得到进一步巩固,同时,两侧围岩的声波探测特征验证了可拓-AHP模型评价结果。
通过隧道上方高速公路布测点N1、N2、N3,测得隧洞爆破地震波频谱如图12所示。
由地震波频谱反馈爆破振动波主要参数见表5
爆破地震波的传播过程伴随着能量的产生与衰减。结合表5图12可知:不同波频下爆破能量的衰减趋势不同,整体上表现出高频成分能量衰减速度大于低频成分能量衰减速度的特征。同时可以发现,随着爆源与测点N1、N2和N3距离的增大,通道xyz均表现出主频先增后减、主频域往低频方向移动的特征,且整体上波形变窄。
需要说明的是,地震波振幅在岩石中的衰减程度受岩体温压、岩石内部成分与结构、流体性质及其饱和度等因素影响。与通常爆破地震波主频降低规律有所不同,试验中,通道xyz均表现出主频先增后减的特征,由此基本可以判定,该地层中存在突变地质层,且在测点N1、N2和N3范围内的突变地质层保持地层均质性。这证明爆破地震波在传播过程中呈衰减态势,且现场周边环境无异常现象发生,从地震波角度进一步表明隧洞掘进良好的爆破效果。
基于凹陷地形隧道工况,提出采用进口段大直径空孔掏槽爆破和近区遮挡冲击波综合防控技术。爆破冲击波综合防控技术如图13所示。大直径掏槽空孔下移有助于压顶,能够较合理地分配起爆网路炸药能量,避免能量集中作用。加强炮孔封堵有助于耗散冲击波能量,提高炸药能量对岩石的破碎效率。隧洞口处的竹笆缓冲结构使爆破冲击波传播方向分散,并有效吸收冲击波能量,进而衰减冲击波强度。
经测得隧洞掘进爆破冲击波超压拟合与衰减系数如图14所示。
图14可知:冲击波超压峰值的衰减特征满足幂函数PS=αl-γ,冲击波超压峰值的衰减指数γ在[2.30,2.44]范围内。由相邻测点求出的冲击波超压衰减系数随着爆源距的增大呈递增趋势,说明爆破冲击波试验的布测范围属于冲击波衰减区,且随着爆源距的增加,冲击波衰减系数很可能在隧洞口处达到极值。
由此可基本判定,爆破冲击波在隧洞口处及施工外区的峰值超压是趋于收敛的,这表明采用充分有效的冲击波综合防控技术,该隧洞掘进施工在可控范围内达到良好的爆破效果。
1) 基于可拓学理论并引入AHP,建立用以解决隧道爆破效果复杂问题决策的可拓-AHP评价模型,该模型能够较真实地将爆破掘进过程中存在的不确定性问题以量化值体现出来。通过模型计算综合关联度Qj(X-M)确定隧道爆破效果,评级为爆破效果良好。
2) 基于围岩损伤松动圈理论,从声波波速与孔深的关系推断隧道围岩松动圈范围较小且分布均匀,围岩稳定性的影响范围为0.5~0.6m。在二次爆破相当药量下的爆炸能量没有造成岩石破裂带向内进一步延伸,同时,喷浆支护也使岩体稳定性得到巩固加强,声波探测法证明,该模型评价结果的具有一定的科学性。
3) 爆破地震波的传播过程伴有爆炸能的产生与衰减,不同波频下爆破能量的衰减趋势不同,但整体上表现出高频成分能量衰减速度大于低频成分能量衰减速度特征;随着爆源与测点距离的增大,同一通道下整体波形变窄,表现出主频先增后减、主频域往低频方向移动的特征。
4) 提出进口段大直径空孔掏槽爆破和近区遮挡冲击波综合防控技术,该技术可有效分散爆破冲击波传播方向、吸收冲击波能量及衰减冲击波强度。爆破冲击波超压峰值的衰减特征满足PS=αl-γ,衰减指数在2.30~2.44。爆破冲击波超压衰减系数随着爆源距的增大呈递增趋势,布测范围属于冲击波衰减区,隧洞口处及施工外区的冲击波峰值超压趋于收敛。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(52074009)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(52274071)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3401504)
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2024年第34卷第12期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.12.0509
  • 接收时间:2024-07-17
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-17
  • 修回日期:2024-09-12
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(52074009)
国家自然科学基金资助(52274071)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3401504)
作者信息
    1 安徽理工大学 土木建筑学院,安徽 淮南 232001
    2 省部共建深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点实验室,安徽 淮南 232001
    3 中国科学技术大学 中国科学院材料力学行为和设计重点实验室,安徽 合肥 230026
    4 北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院,北京 100083

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**徐颖(1965—),男,安徽泗县人,博士,教授,主要从事岩土工程爆破等方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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genus
种数
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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