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Article(id=1148106733714665714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106709542892487, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)04-0189-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.0740, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734105600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-14, revisedDate=1739808000000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659576108, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659576108, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659576108, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659576108, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106709542892487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659570346, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757560692417, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172857809499730113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106709542892487, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172857809499730114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106709542892487, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=189, endPage=194, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149757857232503753, articleId=1148106733714665714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Construction of regional cooperative emergency management system for urban integrated pipeline corridor, columnId=1149733270084042840, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Public safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the emergency management capability for the purpose of urban underground comprehensive pipeline corridor construction，the general framework of pipeline corridor safety system was established by analyzing the regional emergency management system within the pipeline corridor，utilizing the theory of knowledge synergy，and combining the regional synergistic emergency management system with the scenarios of comprehensive pipeline corridors from the perspective of the application in comprehensive pipeline corridors. The framework was structured around the core of “risk-emergency-crisis”. The work breakdown structure-risk breakdown structure(WBS-RBS) method was adopted to complete the identification and grading of the risk of emergency management of the pipeline corridor. The probability of the risk of emergency management of the pipeline corridor was evaluated using analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method. Finally，the safeguards required for the establishment and operation of the multi-agency emergency knowledge management system of the integrated corridor were described across three dimensions of organization，technology，and supervision. The results show that the knowledge synergy theory is demonstrated to have a great advantage in building a regional collaborative emergency management system model. The safety system framework of the urban comprehensive pipeline corridor is designed to predict all kinds of risks in the structure，equipment and operation of the pipeline corridor. It is also capable of maintaining safety and stability during emergencies.

, correspAuthors=Kaigong ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaolei ZHANG, Kaigong ZHAO, Yansu LI, Jindong GAO, Man LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148106735203643751, articleId=1148106733714665714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=城市综合管廊区域协同应急管理体系构建, columnId=1149733271510106222, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=公共安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为提高城市地下综合管廊建设的应急管理能力，运用知识协同理论，从综合管廊的应用出发，结合区域协同应急管理体系与综合管廊场景，分析管廊内部区域应急管理系统，建立管廊安全体系的总体框架。该框架以"风险-应急-危机"为核心，采用工程分解结构-风险分解结构(WBS-RBS)方法完成管廊应急管理风险的识别与分级，借助层次分析法(AHP)评估管廊应急管理风险概率，进而从组织、技术和监管3个层面介绍综合管廊建立和运行所需的保障措施。结果表明：知识协同理论对于构建区域协同应急管理体系模型有着巨大优势，城市综合管廊安全体系框架可针对管廊结构、设备和运营中各类风险做出预判，在各类突发状况下能够保持其安全性和稳定性。

, correspAuthors=赵开功 高级工程师, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**赵开功(1981—)，男，山东济宁人，博士，高级工程师，主要从事应急救援、职业健康、安全信息化和安全生产理论与技术方面的研究。E-mail：。
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张晓蕾 (1984—)，女，山西大同人，博士研究生，高级工程师，主要研究方向为安全生产与应急救援理论与技术。E-mail：。

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2 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering，China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)，Beijing 100083，China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1165197919096415064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733714665714, authorId=1165197918937031508, language=CN, stringName=张晓蕾 高级工程师, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 中国安全生产科学研究院，北京 100012
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张晓蕾 (1984—)，女，山西大同人，博士研究生，高级工程师，主要研究方向为安全生产与应急救援理论与技术。E-mail：。

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张晓蕾 (1984—)，女，山西大同人，博士研究生，高级工程师，主要研究方向为安全生产与应急救援理论与技术。E-mail：。

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articleId=1148106733714665714, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Multi-subject oriented emergency collaborative management system model for comprehensive pipeline corridors, figureFileSmall=1w1JFvUJdxPv5wRND7k2+A==, figureFileBig=3lgvEHws11Y2Ekk4K8dcOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165197920547644281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733714665714, language=CN, label=图1, caption=面向区域协同的多主体综合管廊应急协同管理体系模型, figureFileSmall=1w1JFvUJdxPv5wRND7k2+A==, figureFileBig=3lgvEHws11Y2Ekk4K8dcOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165197920618947450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733714665714, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Safety governance model for integrated pipeline corridors, figureFileSmall=9Gfv9sKLZdWuCxHZ1mhFKg==, figureFileBig=TOgEu1s38lyqMuch7GYpjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165197920673473403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733714665714, language=CN, label=图2, caption=综合管廊的安全治理模式, figureFileSmall=9Gfv9sKLZdWuCxHZ1mhFKg==, figureFileBig=TOgEu1s38lyqMuch7GYpjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165197920723805052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733714665714, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Decomposition of WBS of pipeline corridor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
WBS 名称 第一级分解 第二级分解
综合管廊 W 电缆仓W1 电源线W11
通信电缆W12
辅助设施W13
综合隔室W2 加热管道W21
供水和中水管道W22
辅助设施W23
油箱W3 天然气管道W31
辅助设施W32
污水箱W4 雨水管道W41
污水管道W42
辅助设施W43
), ArticleFig(id=1165197920774136701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733714665714, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

管廊WBS分解

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
WBS 名称 第一级分解 第二级分解
综合管廊 W 电缆仓W1 电源线W11
通信电缆W12
辅助设施W13
综合隔室W2 加热管道W21
供水和中水管道W22
辅助设施W23
油箱W3 天然气管道W31
辅助设施W32
污水箱W4 雨水管道W41
污水管道W42
辅助设施W43
), ArticleFig(id=1165197920832856958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733714665714, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

RBS decomposition of integrated pipeline corridor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RBS
名称		 风险
事故		 风险类别 风险因素
综合管
道走廊
风险R		 火灾
和爆
炸R1		 人为操作
风险R11		 恶意纵火R111
违章用火R112
设备风
险R12		 通风和电气设备异常R121
监控报警，消防系统
异常R122
管道直接
风险R13		 电缆泄漏R131
电缆过载R132
管理风险R14 日常巡检不足R141
日常维护不足R142
洪水
R2		 设备风
险R22		 排水设施异常R221
排水设施设置不合理R222
异常排水监测系统R223
管道的
直接风
险R23		 供水和再生水管道泄漏R231
排污管道泄漏R232
热力管道泄漏R233
管理风
险R24		 管道设备的日常维护和
检查不及时R241
日常训练和演习不足R242
结构损
伤R3		 技术风
险R31		 早期探索未到位R311
设计不合理R312
施工质量问题R313
结构损
伤R32		 刚度分布不均匀R321
道路荷载太大R322
地基处理不当R323
管理风
险R33		 日常演练不足R331
结构维护不及时R332
), ArticleFig(id=1165197920962880383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733714665714, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

综合管廊的 RBS 分解

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RBS
名称		 风险
事故		 风险类别 风险因素
综合管
道走廊
风险R		 火灾
和爆
炸R1		 人为操作
风险R11		 恶意纵火R111
违章用火R112
设备风
险R12		 通风和电气设备异常R121
监控报警，消防系统
异常R122
管道直接
风险R13		 电缆泄漏R131
电缆过载R132
管理风险R14 日常巡检不足R141
日常维护不足R142
洪水
R2		 设备风
险R22		 排水设施异常R221
排水设施设置不合理R222
异常排水监测系统R223
管道的
直接风
险R23		 供水和再生水管道泄漏R231
排污管道泄漏R232
热力管道泄漏R233
管理风
险R24		 管道设备的日常维护和
检查不及时R241
日常训练和演习不足R242
结构损
伤R3		 技术风
险R31		 早期探索未到位R311
设计不合理R312
施工质量问题R313
结构损
伤R32		 刚度分布不均匀R321
道路荷载太大R322
地基处理不当R323
管理风
险R33		 日常演练不足R331
结构维护不及时R332
), ArticleFig(id=1165197921034183552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733714665714, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Score of risky incidents in integrated pipeline corridors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风险因素 1 级 2 级 3 级 4 级 5 级
R111 0.016 0.183 0.162 0.424 0.215
R112 0.037 0.11 0.215 0.254 0.384
R121 0.698 0.004 0.051 0.247 0
R122 0.004 0.041 0.34 0.305 0.31
R131 0.173 0.161 0.299 0.238 0.129
R132 0.016 0.092 0.411 0.285 0.196
R141 0.018 0.332 0.204 0.351 0.095
R142 0.083 0.071 0.192 0.236 0.418
R221 0.303 0.258 0.196 0.13 0.113
R2222 0.002 0.013 0.442 0.461 0.082
R231 0.732 0.003 0.043 0.222 0
R232 0.181 0.129 0.388 0.146 0.156
R233 0.028 0.125 0.323 0.311 0.213
R241 0.141 0.133 0.214 0.126 0.386
︙ ︙ ︙ ︙ ︙ ︙
R311 0.091 0.082 0.187 0.202 0.438
), ArticleFig(id=1165197921130652545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733714665714, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

综合管廊风险事故得分情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风险因素 1 级 2 级 3 级 4 级 5 级
R111 0.016 0.183 0.162 0.424 0.215
R112 0.037 0.11 0.215 0.254 0.384
R121 0.698 0.004 0.051 0.247 0
R122 0.004 0.041 0.34 0.305 0.31
R131 0.173 0.161 0.299 0.238 0.129
R132 0.016 0.092 0.411 0.285 0.196
R141 0.018 0.332 0.204 0.351 0.095
R142 0.083 0.071 0.192 0.236 0.418
R221 0.303 0.258 0.196 0.13 0.113
R2222 0.002 0.013 0.442 0.461 0.082
R231 0.732 0.003 0.043 0.222 0
R232 0.181 0.129 0.388 0.146 0.156
R233 0.028 0.125 0.323 0.311 0.213
R241 0.141 0.133 0.214 0.126 0.386
︙ ︙ ︙ ︙ ︙ ︙
R311 0.091 0.082 0.187 0.202 0.438
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城市综合管廊区域协同应急管理体系构建
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张晓蕾 高级工程师 1, 2 , 赵开功 高级工程师 2, ** , 李严肃 工程师 2, 3 , 高进东 教授级高级工程师 1 , 李曼 副教授 4
中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2025,35(4): 189-194
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中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2025, 35(4): 189-194
城市综合管廊区域协同应急管理体系构建
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张晓蕾 高级工程师1, 2 , 赵开功 高级工程师2, ** , 李严肃 工程师2, 3, 高进东 教授级高级工程师1, 李曼 副教授4
作者信息
  • 1 中国安全生产科学研究院，北京 100012
  • 2 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院，北京 100083
  • 3 工业和信息化部 人才交流中心，北京 100846
  • 4 北京交通大学 轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室，北京 100044

    • 张晓蕾 (1984—)，女，山西大同人，博士研究生，高级工程师，主要研究方向为安全生产与应急救援理论与技术。E-mail：。

通讯作者:

**赵开功(1981—)，男，山东济宁人，博士，高级工程师，主要从事应急救援、职业健康、安全信息化和安全生产理论与技术方面的研究。E-mail：。
Construction of regional cooperative emergency management system for urban integrated pipeline corridor
Xiaolei ZHANG1, 2 , Kaigong ZHAO2, ** , Yansu LI2, 3, Jindong GAO1, Man LI4
Affiliations
  • 1 China Academy of Safety Science and Technology，Beijing 100012，China
  • 2 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering，China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)，Beijing 100083，China
  • 3 Talent Exchange Center of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology，Beijing 100846，China
  • 4 State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety，Beijing Jiaotong University，Beijing 100044，China
出版时间: 2025-04-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.0740
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摘要
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为提高城市地下综合管廊建设的应急管理能力，运用知识协同理论，从综合管廊的应用出发，结合区域协同应急管理体系与综合管廊场景，分析管廊内部区域应急管理系统，建立管廊安全体系的总体框架。该框架以"风险-应急-危机"为核心，采用工程分解结构-风险分解结构(WBS-RBS)方法完成管廊应急管理风险的识别与分级，借助层次分析法(AHP)评估管廊应急管理风险概率，进而从组织、技术和监管3个层面介绍综合管廊建立和运行所需的保障措施。结果表明：知识协同理论对于构建区域协同应急管理体系模型有着巨大优势，城市综合管廊安全体系框架可针对管廊结构、设备和运营中各类风险做出预判，在各类突发状况下能够保持其安全性和稳定性。

综合管廊  /  区域协同  /  应急管理体系  /  安全体系框架  /  社会网络

In order to improve the emergency management capability for the purpose of urban underground comprehensive pipeline corridor construction，the general framework of pipeline corridor safety system was established by analyzing the regional emergency management system within the pipeline corridor，utilizing the theory of knowledge synergy，and combining the regional synergistic emergency management system with the scenarios of comprehensive pipeline corridors from the perspective of the application in comprehensive pipeline corridors. The framework was structured around the core of “risk-emergency-crisis”. The work breakdown structure-risk breakdown structure(WBS-RBS) method was adopted to complete the identification and grading of the risk of emergency management of the pipeline corridor. The probability of the risk of emergency management of the pipeline corridor was evaluated using analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method. Finally，the safeguards required for the establishment and operation of the multi-agency emergency knowledge management system of the integrated corridor were described across three dimensions of organization，technology，and supervision. The results show that the knowledge synergy theory is demonstrated to have a great advantage in building a regional collaborative emergency management system model. The safety system framework of the urban comprehensive pipeline corridor is designed to predict all kinds of risks in the structure，equipment and operation of the pipeline corridor. It is also capable of maintaining safety and stability during emergencies.

comprehensive pipeline corridor  /  regional synergy  /  emergency management system  /  safety system framework  /  social network
张晓蕾 高级工程师, 赵开功 高级工程师, 李严肃 工程师, 高进东 教授级高级工程师, 李曼 副教授. 城市综合管廊区域协同应急管理体系构建. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (4) : 189 -194 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.0740
Xiaolei ZHANG, Kaigong ZHAO, Yansu LI, Jindong GAO, Man LI. Construction of regional cooperative emergency management system for urban integrated pipeline corridor[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (4) : 189 -194 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.0740
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0 引言
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城市综合管廊在地下隧道空间集成电力、通信、给水与再生水、排水、燃气、热力等各类管线，对提升城市运行效率、优化城市基础设施布局具有重要意义[1]。然而，城市综合管廊的地下建设环境复杂且面临诸多不确定性因素，复杂的安全风险成为制约其发展的关键因素[2]。近年来，我国已发生多起由地下管线或综合管廊管线故障引发的重大事故，如湖北省十堰市煤气管线爆炸[3]、天津市地下管廊电缆短路火灾[4]及黄家湖综合管廊“1·27”触电事故[5]等，这些事故暴露了我国在地下管线、综合管廊预警预防、应急响应及善后处理等方面的明显不足。
由于城市综合管廊是各类地下管线建设与管理的趋势，因此，城市综合管廊的区域协同应急管理将成为城市综合管廊管理的重要手段。区域协同应急管理作为一种创新的应急管理模式，通过资源共享、信息互通和行动协同，提升整体应急响应的效率和效果，减少灾害对区域内各地的影响[6]。在现有研究中，虽然前人在事故的应急救援[7]、物资调配管理[8]及善后处理[9]等方面已构建起较为完善的理论体系，但在将区域协同应急管理体系应用于综合管廊场景方面的研究却相对匮乏，且缺乏系统的理论和相关标准支持。
鉴于此，笔者拟通过构建以“风险-应急-危机”为核心的安全体系框架，分为概念、运行机制和实施3个层次，提出建立和实施该体系和框架所需的保障措施，以期为提升我国城市综合管廊的安全管理水平提供理论支撑与实践指导。
1 区域协同综合管廊应急管理体系
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区域协同综合管廊应急管理体系旨在打破行政边界的壁垒，通过资源的优化配置和最大化利用，实现综合管廊应急管理的整体效能提升。深度融合协同理论与知识管理等手段，集成各参与主体的专业知识，构建面向区域协同的综合管廊应急管理体系。
区域协同应急管理体系的构建通常需要依赖高效的信息交流和社会协作机制[10]。构建基于社会网络、任务网络、知识网络3个维度的区域协同应急管理体系，其步骤如下：
1) 社会网络。综合管廊应急管理的主体要素包括政府、企事业单位、社会组织、专家、媒体和公众等多个方面。这些主体在应急管理过程中合作协同，以确保综合管廊在紧急情况下能够有效响应和管理潜在的风险和突发事件。
2) 任务网络。在综合管廊的应急管理过程中，涉及知识的获得、架构、运用、评估和更新等管理活动，主要包括应急准备、应急预警、应急响应、应急恢复4部分。
3) 知识网络。应急管理活动涵盖丰富的信息，根据应急生命周期的不同时段，这些知识可划分为多个关键领域，包括预防信息、预警智慧、应急策略、恢复洞察等。
综上，社会网络、任务网络和知识网络共同构成区域协同应急管理体系的基础架构，面向区域协同的综合管廊应急协同管理体系模型如图1所示。
1.1 概念识别体系
1.1.1 主体要素
在区域协同框架下，综合管廊应急管理的各主体间形成了紧密而有逻辑的联系网络。政府作为监管者，负责综合管廊的运营监督；企事业单位则负责协作运营维护；社会组织提供应急支援；专家团队提供技术战略支持；媒体则负责信息传播和监督。这些主体在区域协同的框架下共同协作，共同应对综合管廊的应急管理挑战。
1.1.2 流程要素
城市综合管廊的突发事件管理在区域协同的推动下，形成4部分：①应急准备：风险评估、预案制定、建立沟通和协调机制等。②应急预警：监测预警、警报传递、公众信息传递等。③应急响应：人员疏散、调动资源、展开救援等。④应急恢复：环境修复、功能恢复、总结经验等。
1.2 运行机制体系
综合管廊的应急管理以宏观战略层、中观业务层、微观知识层为基础，建立高效的运行机制体系。
1) 宏观战略层面。在区域协同推动下，社会网络作为一种协作网络，不同主体在网络中共同划分应急目标并展开行动。跨主体制定综合管廊应急管理目标，建立应急协作伙伴关系，共同推动应急管理水平提升。
2) 中观业务层面。任务网络作为社会网络的延伸，其核心在于任务分配和协同执行。在区域协同框架下，不同主体根据各自应急目标分解成具体的应急任务，通过相互衔接实现跨业务协同。
3) 微观知识层面。知识网络在任务网络中使用和共享知识资源。在区域协同的框架下，各部门根据应急任务需求各自获取和分享专业知识资源。
1.3 管理实施体系
管理实施体系核心架构可分为：①知识资源层：提供广泛的信息资源支持。②知识获取层：采集、表述和组织综合管廊应急知识库的内容。③知识存储层：作为体系的核心组成部分，承担着存储、管理和维护综合管理知识资源的任务。④知识协同服务层：为各主体提供协同管理知识的工具和服务，快速精确检索知识资源。
2 构建安全体系框架
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2.1 综合管廊安全治理内容
综合管廊安全治理涉及多个领域，主要包括风险管理、应急管理和危机管理3部分[11]。风险管理有助于降低不确定性和潜在危险，提供安全保障；应急管理旨在减轻损害和保护公众和资源的安全；危机管理主要是评价修复事件。综合管廊安全治理主要从不确定型风险治理、事件导向型应急管理及过程型危机治理3方面展开研究。
2.2 综合管廊安全治理模式
围绕安全综合管廊治理目标，通过治理过程、治理决策和治理手段等环节，构建一个全面的综合管廊治理模式，实现管廊的安全性和稳定性。综合管廊的安全治理模式如图2所示。
3 区域协同综合管廊管理体系实践
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3.1 综合管廊风险指标识别
根据城市区域协调综合管廊应急管理体系和安全体系框架的构建思路，引入某市的实际数据，采用工程分解结构-风险分解结构(Work Breakdown Structure-Risk Breakdown Structure，WBS-RBS)方法明确相应的综合管廊风险体系及指标[12]，评估该市综合管廊安全风险性。
WBS-RBS方法是一种结合项目管理和风险管理的技术，通过以下步骤来实现其功能[13]：
1) WBS是一个层次化的树状结构。从最高级别的项目目标开始，逐步分解成更小、更具体的任务或工作包。每个层次的工作单元都是上层工作单元的一个组成部分。
2) RBS是一个层次化的结构，侧重于项目的潜在风险。在建立WBS后，每个工作包都会被评估其潜在的风险因素。这些风险归类到RBS中[14]。
3) 集成WBS与RBS。在WBS和RBS之间建立联系，并针对每一个具体的工作包识别并评估相关联的风险。基于综合管廊的定义和特点，按其隔室类型分解综合管廊，根据管廊中布置的管道类型对隔室进行分类，并提供隔室的二次分解[15]，见表1。根据WBS-RBS分解方法，将风险事故类型分为火灾和爆炸R1、洪水R2、结构损坏R3，从而得到城市管廊安全风险因素，见表2。
3.2 综合管廊安全风险评估结果
在得到指标体系后，邀请领域专家对该市的城市综合管廊安全风险性进行打分，应用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process，AHP)[16]得到评估结果。
参考应急管理领域的等级划分标准[17]，将城市管廊应急管理风险概率等级从0~1划分为5个等级，(0，0.000 3)为1级，[0.000 3，0.003)为2级，1级、2级风险极低；[0.003，0.03)为3级风险，需要考虑；[0.03，0.3)是4级，风险警告；[0.3，1)为5级，风险为危险。综合管廊风险事故得分情况见表3。
由表3可知：综合管廊运维过程中，导致灾害事件发生的关键风险因素是R112、R142、R241和R332，管道运维过程中，根据现场情况重点控制这4个风险因素，从源头上做好灾害事件风险控制，保障管廊运行维护的安全。
4 区域协同综合管廊应急保障对策
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区域协同综合管廊的应急保障是确保城市管廊安全稳定运行的关键环节[18]。为实现这一目标，需从组织保障、技术保障和法规制度保障3个方面提出相应措施。
1) 在组织保障方面，应建立跨部门的应急协同领导小组，明确各参与主体的职责和权限，形成统一指挥、协调联动的应急管理机制[19]。加强应急队伍建设，提高应急人员专业素养能力，为应急保障提供坚实的人力资源支撑[20]。
2) 技术保障是提升应急协同效率的重要手段。应充分利用现代信息技术，如大数据、云计算、物联网等，构建智能化的应急管理平台，实现信息的实时共享和资源的优化配置。此外，加强应急通信和指挥系统的建设，确保在紧急情况下能够迅速传达指令、协调行动。
3) 法规制度保障是确保应急协同工作有序开展的基础。应制定和完善相关法律法规和政策文件，明确法律依据和制度要求。同时，建立应急协同的考核评价机制，评估和奖惩各参与主体的应急协同工作，激励其积极参与应急协同工作。
5 结论
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1) 梳理城市综合管廊的应急管理情况，借鉴国内外应急管理的先进经验，以"风险-应急-危机"为核心，构建出城市综合管廊协同应急管理模型。
2) 采用WBS-RBS方法完成管廊应急管理风险的识别与分级，借助AHP评估管廊应急管理风险概率，从组织、技术和监管3个层面介绍综合管廊建立和运行多机构应急知识管理体系所需的保障措施。
3) 城市综合管廊 “风险-应急-危机”的安全体系框架处理分析出风险、事件、危机之间的显性及潜在诸多内在联系，但相关因素可能存在考虑不完全的问题，未来将关注指标设计和提升评估方法的准确性。
基金
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  • 中国安全生产科学研究院基本科研基金资助(2021JBKY15)
文献
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2025年第35卷第4期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.0740
  • 接收时间：2024-12-14
  • 首发时间：2025-07-05
  • 出版时间：2025-04-28
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-14
  • 修回日期：2025-02-18
基金
中国安全生产科学研究院基本科研基金资助(2021JBKY15)
作者信息
    1 中国安全生产科学研究院，北京 100012
    2 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院，北京 100083
    3 工业和信息化部 人才交流中心，北京 100846
    4 北京交通大学 轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室，北京 100044

通讯作者:

**赵开功(1981—)，男，山东济宁人，博士，高级工程师，主要从事应急救援、职业健康、安全信息化和安全生产理论与技术方面的研究。E-mail：。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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