Article(id=1148106729465836386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106708670477182, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)03-0232-11, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.0680, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728576000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-11, revisedDate=1734105600000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659575096, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1743091200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659575096, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659575096, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659575096, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106708670477182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='268', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659570138, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401518130, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190184155238915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106708670477182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190184155238916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106708670477182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=232, endPage=241, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149767351442260338, articleId=1148106729465836386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Review of emergency supplies scheduling based on bibliometric analysis, columnId=1149733268699918866, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Emergency technology and management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the research dynamics,hotspots,and frontier trends in the field of emergency supplies scheduling,the data sources of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science(WoS) were used to search and filter 321 Chinese and 497 English articles. The bibliometric and knowledge mapping software were used to conduct basic feature analysis and development trend analysis. The results show that the number of articles in the field of emergency supplies scheduling both domestically and internationally has a wavy growth. The overall research is in the rapid development stage. In domestic core author teams,there is relatively low collaboration density. While in international contexts,cross-national and cross-regional academic exchanges are frequent,with China,Canada,and Singapore serving as the core. The research focus of both domestic and international studies is basically the same,mainly revolving around model design,optimization algorithms,path location issues,etc. However,international research has been earlier and more in-depth in studying the psychological perception of disaster victims.

, correspAuthors=Feiyue WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qian YANG, Feiyue WANG, Zihuan WANG, Bo MA, Jiajie LU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148106735312695670, articleId=1148106729465836386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=基于文献计量分析的应急物资调度研究综述, columnId=1149733268855108116, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=应急技术与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究应急物资调度问题的研究动态、研究热点和前沿趋势,以中国知网(CNKI)和科学网(WOS)为数据来源,搜索筛选出321篇中文文献和497篇英文文献,采用文献计量和知识图谱可视化软件,开展动态基本特征分析和发展趋势分析。研究结果表明:国内外应急物资调度研究的发文量呈波浪形增长,总体处于研究的快速发展阶段;国内核心作者团队合作密度较小,而国际视野中跨国跨区域学术交流频繁,以中国、加拿大和新加坡为核心;国内外研究重点基本一致,主要围绕模型设计、优化算法、路径选址等问题,但国际上对于灾民心理感知的研究更早更深入。

, correspAuthors=王飞跃, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 王飞跃(1977—),男,重庆人,博士,教授,主要从事城市公共安全与应急管理方面的研究。E-mail:
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杨 倩 (1999—),女,贵州贵阳人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为城市公共安全、应急救援路径规划。E-mail:

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杨 倩 (1999—),女,贵州贵阳人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为城市公共安全、应急救援路径规划。E-mail:

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杨 倩 (1999—),女,贵州贵阳人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为城市公共安全、应急救援路径规划。E-mail:

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ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2017, 6(5): DOI:10.3390/ijgi6050142., articleTitle=Multi-Objective emergency material vehicle dispatching and routing under dynamic constraints in an earthquake disaster environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165678477819781273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106729465836386, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=158, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=70, authorNames=ZHANG Ming, LI Songrui, LI Boquan, journalName=Computers & Industrial Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Ming, LI Songrui, LI Boquan. An air-ground cooperative scheduling model considering traffic environment and helicopter performance[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2021, 158(4):DOI:10.1016/j.cie.2021.107458., articleTitle=An air-ground cooperative scheduling model considering traffic environment and helicopter performance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165678477886890138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106729465836386, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=16, issue=null, pageStart=45, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=71, authorNames=WANG Fuyu, LI Yan, CHEN Jingjing, journalName=International Journal of Automation and Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Fuyu, LI Yan, CHEN Jingjing. Bi-level programming model for post-disaster emergency supplies scheduling with time windows and its algorithm[J]. International Journal of Automation and Control, 2022, 16:45-63., articleTitle=Bi-level programming model for post-disaster emergency supplies scheduling with time windows and its algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165678477949804699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106729465836386, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=72, authorNames=LIU Jia, journalName=Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Jia, BAI Jinyu, WU Desheng. Medical supplies scheduling in major public health emergencies[J]. Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review, 2021, 154:DOI:10.1016/j.tre.2021.102464., articleTitle=Medical supplies scheduling in major public health emergencies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165678478021107868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106729465836386, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=73, authorNames=CAO Cejun, XIE Yuting, LIU Yang, journalName=Journal of Cleaner Production, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAO Cejun, XIE Yuting, LIU Yang, et al. Two-phase COVID-19 medical waste transport optimisation considering sustainability and infection probability[J]. 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label=Fig.8, caption=Keyword co-occurrence of English literature, figureFileSmall=p2XBKm6TS22V6PP9VzYUzw==, figureFileBig=HlFcRNVIoKRfVE2EpkTA0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678472912445501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106729465836386, language=CN, label=图8, caption=英文文献关键词共现, figureFileSmall=p2XBKm6TS22V6PP9VzYUzw==, figureFileBig=HlFcRNVIoKRfVE2EpkTA0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678472983748670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106729465836386, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Top 10 authors in terms of publications

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排名 作者
(中)
发文
量/篇
作者(英) 发文
量/篇
1 常春光 10 HOU Hanping 6
2 马祖军 10 REN Xiangyang 5
3 刘长石 10 LAI K K 5
4 宋晓宇 8 VAHDANI B 4
5 李双琳 7 GENG Shaoqing 4
6 郑斌 7 BOZORGI-AMIRI A 4
7 杜丽敬 7 ALEM D 3
8 宋英华 6 COZZANI V 3
9 吕伟 6 HEARNE J 3
10 王军 6 YE Yong 3
), ArticleFig(id=1165678473059246143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106729465836386, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

发文量排名前10的作者

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排名 作者
(中)
发文
量/篇
作者(英) 发文
量/篇
1 常春光 10 HOU Hanping 6
2 马祖军 10 REN Xiangyang 5
3 刘长石 10 LAI K K 5
4 宋晓宇 8 VAHDANI B 4
5 李双琳 7 GENG Shaoqing 4
6 郑斌 7 BOZORGI-AMIRI A 4
7 杜丽敬 7 ALEM D 3
8 宋英华 6 COZZANI V 3
9 吕伟 6 HEARNE J 3
10 王军 6 YE Yong 3
), ArticleFig(id=1165678473134743616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106729465836386, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Top 10 research organizations in terms of publications

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排名 机构
(中)
发文
量/篇
机构(英) 发文
量/篇
1 西南交通
大学
28 Beijing Jiaotong
University
14
2 武汉理工
大学
16 Islamic Azad
University
13
3 沈阳建筑
大学
12 Harbin Institute of
Technology
10
4 上海海事
大学
11 Wuhan University of
Technology
10
5 大连海事
大学
11 Hebei University of
Engineering
9
6 华中科技
大学
10 National University of
Defense Technology China
9
7 安徽工业
大学
9 University of
Tehran
9
8 重庆交通
大学
8 University of
Toronto
9
9 西安交通
大学
8 Shanghai Maritime
University
8
10 湖南工商
大学
8 Dalian University of
Technology
7
), ArticleFig(id=1165678473201852481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106729465836386, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

发文量排名前10的研究机构

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排名 机构
(中)
发文
量/篇
机构(英) 发文
量/篇
1 西南交通
大学
28 Beijing Jiaotong
University
14
2 武汉理工
大学
16 Islamic Azad
University
13
3 沈阳建筑
大学
12 Harbin Institute of
Technology
10
4 上海海事
大学
11 Wuhan University of
Technology
10
5 大连海事
大学
11 Hebei University of
Engineering
9
6 华中科技
大学
10 National University of
Defense Technology China
9
7 安徽工业
大学
9 University of
Tehran
9
8 重庆交通
大学
8 University of
Toronto
9
9 西安交通
大学
8 Shanghai Maritime
University
8
10 湖南工商
大学
8 Dalian University of
Technology
7
), ArticleFig(id=1165678473277349954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106729465836386, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Top 10 provinces/cities/countries in terms of percentage of articles published

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排名 省市 占比/% 国家 占比/%
1 四川 10.6 中国 47.3
2 辽宁 9.7 美国 17.7
3 湖北 8.1 伊朗 7.0
4 上海 7.5 加拿大 6.0
5 江苏 6.5 澳大利亚 4.2
6 安徽 2.8 英国 4.2
7 重庆 2.5 法国 3.6
8 湖南 2.5 印度 3.4
9 陕西 2.5 意大利 3.4
10 甘肃 2.5 巴西 2.4
), ArticleFig(id=1165678473352847427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106729465836386, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

发文量占比排名前10的省市/国家

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排名 省市 占比/% 国家 占比/%
1 四川 10.6 中国 47.3
2 辽宁 9.7 美国 17.7
3 湖北 8.1 伊朗 7.0
4 上海 7.5 加拿大 6.0
5 江苏 6.5 澳大利亚 4.2
6 安徽 2.8 英国 4.2
7 重庆 2.5 法国 3.6
8 湖南 2.5 印度 3.4
9 陕西 2.5 意大利 3.4
10 甘肃 2.5 巴西 2.4
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基于文献计量分析的应急物资调度研究综述
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杨倩 , 王飞跃 ** , 王籽幻 , 马波 , 卢佳节
中国安全科学学报 | 应急技术与管理 2025,35(3): 232-241
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中国安全科学学报 | 应急技术与管理 2025, 35(3): 232-241
基于文献计量分析的应急物资调度研究综述
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杨倩 , 王飞跃** , 王籽幻, 马波, 卢佳节
作者信息
  • 中南大学 防灾科学与安全技术研究所,湖南 长沙 410075
  • 杨 倩 (1999—),女,贵州贵阳人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为城市公共安全、应急救援路径规划。E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 王飞跃(1977—),男,重庆人,博士,教授,主要从事城市公共安全与应急管理方面的研究。E-mail:
Review of emergency supplies scheduling based on bibliometric analysis
Qian YANG , Feiyue WANG** , Zihuan WANG, Bo MA, Jiajie LU
Affiliations
  • Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410075,China
出版时间: 2025-03-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.0680
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为探究应急物资调度问题的研究动态、研究热点和前沿趋势,以中国知网(CNKI)和科学网(WOS)为数据来源,搜索筛选出321篇中文文献和497篇英文文献,采用文献计量和知识图谱可视化软件,开展动态基本特征分析和发展趋势分析。研究结果表明:国内外应急物资调度研究的发文量呈波浪形增长,总体处于研究的快速发展阶段;国内核心作者团队合作密度较小,而国际视野中跨国跨区域学术交流频繁,以中国、加拿大和新加坡为核心;国内外研究重点基本一致,主要围绕模型设计、优化算法、路径选址等问题,但国际上对于灾民心理感知的研究更早更深入。

文献计量  /  应急物资调度  /  应急救援  /  研究热点  /  优化算法

To investigate the research dynamics,hotspots,and frontier trends in the field of emergency supplies scheduling,the data sources of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science(WoS) were used to search and filter 321 Chinese and 497 English articles. The bibliometric and knowledge mapping software were used to conduct basic feature analysis and development trend analysis. The results show that the number of articles in the field of emergency supplies scheduling both domestically and internationally has a wavy growth. The overall research is in the rapid development stage. In domestic core author teams,there is relatively low collaboration density. While in international contexts,cross-national and cross-regional academic exchanges are frequent,with China,Canada,and Singapore serving as the core. The research focus of both domestic and international studies is basically the same,mainly revolving around model design,optimization algorithms,path location issues,etc. However,international research has been earlier and more in-depth in studying the psychological perception of disaster victims.

emergency supplies scheduling  /  emergency rescue  /  research hotspots  /  bibliometrics  /  optimization algorithms
杨倩, 王飞跃, 王籽幻, 马波, 卢佳节. 基于文献计量分析的应急物资调度研究综述. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (3) : 232 -241 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.0680
Qian YANG, Feiyue WANG, Zihuan WANG, Bo MA, Jiajie LU. Review of emergency supplies scheduling based on bibliometric analysis[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (3) : 232 -241 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.0680
近年来,自然灾害(地震、洪水等)与重大公共卫生事件(非典、禽流感、H1N1流感病毒、新型冠状病毒感染疫情等)频繁发生,具有突发性和破坏性,给整个社会安全带来严重威胁,包括居民财产的损失、人员的伤亡、环境的破坏等[1-2]。应急物资作为灾后救援工作的重要保障,可最大程度地削弱突发事件对社会生产、生活秩序的冲击,降低由于救援物资供应不及时导致群众的伤亡及二次伤害[3]。为此,国家先后出台《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》《“十四五”国家应急体系规划》《“十四五”国家综合防灾减灾规划》和《“十四五”应急物资保障规划》等,明确提出要完善应急物资调配模式,提升应急物资运送能力,优化应急物资发放方式。因此,梳理分析应急物资调度研究动态的基本特征和发展趋势具有重要的现实意义。
一旦发生突发事件,应急救援往往在短期内需要大量生活、医疗等应急物资,以应对事件所带来的医疗救助、卫生防疫、生产生活和灾后重建等问题[4-6]。而现实中的应急物资调度又面临紧张的物资流和运输流双重压力,如何在有限的时间、空间和资源约束下科学合理地将应急物资从应急救援设施点运往需求点,满足受灾地区群众的需求是应急救援工作中的重中之重[7]。因此,笔者系统性地搜索筛选了应急物资调度相关中英文文献,采用文献计量和知识图谱可视化软件相结合的方法,对比分析了国内外2000—2023年应急物资调度研究动态的基本特征和发展趋势。以期准确掌握该领域的研究方向和文献增长趋势,梳理相关文献当下研究热点,探索应急物资调度问题未来的前沿发展。
应急物资调度问题涉及交通科学、管理科学和计算机科学等多个学科,是一个多学科相互交融的交叉领域。文献计量采用搜索和筛选方法,如图1所示。以中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)和科学网(Web of Science,WoS)作为中英文文献的检索平台,通过元搜索、纳入标准、文献选择、标题筛选、全文分析等步骤搜索和筛选文献。确定CNKI检索主题为“应急物资运输+应急物资调度+应急物资配送+应急车辆路径”,WoS检索主题为“Transport of emergency materials+Emergency materials dispatching+Emergency materials distribution+Emergency vehicle routing”。选取2000—2023年发表的非综述类期刊文献,通过限制期刊来源、阅读文献标题、摘要和全文,控制文献质量,排除与主题无关内容,最终确定有效中英文文献分别为321篇(CNKI),497篇(WoS)。
近年来,文献计量学的科学发展为定量分析研究方向基本特征和发展趋势提供了强有力的工具[8]。知识图谱作为文献计量学的新方法,具有“图谱”双重性质,显示了复杂知识单元之间的互动、交叉、网络等关系。知识图谱可视化技术能通过研究对象出现的频次揭示一定时期内一个学科或领域的研究热点和动向[9]。笔者采用分析方法框架如图2所示,结合文献计量法和知识图谱可视化(Cite Space软件、VOS viewer软件)方法,针对应急物资调度研究动态的基本特征和发展趋势进行分析。
应急物资调度相关研究的文献数量是该领域研究实力的重要参数。对比分析国内外文献逐年发文量和累计发文量,可从时间层面上体现该研究领域的发展速度、发展阶段和未来趋势。2000—2023年应急物资调度相关研究发表及趋势如图3所示。由图3可知:应急物资调度相关的国内外文献数量逐年递增,从2000—2023年整个时间段来看,累计发文量呈现波浪形增长态势,期间有多个增长幅度较大的时间节点,2013年累计发文量的同比增长率到达顶峰(187.5%)。考虑相关政策文件、发文数量变化和全球现实突发事件的时间节点,应急物资调度研究领域的发展历程大致划分为3个阶段。
1) 2000—2006年为初始发展阶段,国内外发表文献较少,研究内容较为单一。国内学者戴更新等[10]提出多资源组合应急调度问题,为后续应急物资紧急调度的时效性研究开辟了新道路,而国外研究主要集中于动态车辆路线调度、应急响应方法框架和灾害背景下的交通规划。
2) 2007—2018年为稳定发展阶段,针对应急物资调度问题,国内外学者不断结合现实突发事件和实际应急救援情况,将应急物资调度问题从不同角度引申为应急物资配送问题、应急物资运输问题和应急车辆路径问题等[11]。2013年国内发文量剧增主要与国家发布的相关政策增多有关,如《自然灾害救助条例》《中央救灾物资储备库管理暂行办法》《突发事件应急预案管理办法》等。而此阶段国外的应急物资调度研究主要考虑突发事件下人们的心理感应,供应链下的人道主义应急物流得到大力发展,成为研究热点[12-13]
3) 2019—2023年为快速发展阶段,国内外的研究内容呈现多元化,应急物资调度问题逐步开始从单目标到多目标、单约束到多约束、单一算法到综合算法、单层理论到多层理论以及静态调度到动态调度的过程转变[14-15]
梳理2000—2023年国内外应急物资调度领域的相关文献,得到中英文文献发文量最多的排名前10期刊,如图4所示。中文期刊主要聚焦于安全科学和灾害防治、经济管理、交通运输、行政管理等研究领域,安全领域的《中国安全科学学报》发文量高,达24篇,位居第一;其次管理领域的《中国管理科学》、《运筹与管理》和《系统工程》发文量也较高,而计算机领域的《计算机工程与应用》和《计算机应用研究》同样也是众多国内学者的选择。国际期刊中针对应急物资调度问题涉及的研究领域较广,发文量排名前3的期刊为SustainabilityIEEE AccessInternational Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction,研究主题分别为可持续性发展、电子信息系统和防灾减灾,发文量仅占英文文献总发文量的11.1%,说明国际期刊对于应急物资调度问题没有形成较为集中的聚类,发表的期刊较为分散。
研究领域发文量是体现作者和研究机构科研实力的重要参数,根据研究领域内最高产的作者和研究机构可以圈定该领域核心作者及关键研究机构的范围。在应急物资调度领域中文与英文发文量排名前10的作者和研究机构见表1表2。发现中文文献和英文文献的核心作者没有相同,但其研究机构有部分重合,如武汉理工大学和上海海事大学的中文文献和英文文献发文量都排名前10位,表明它们在国内和国际应急物资调度领域均属于关键研究机构。而一些发文量较高的学者也集中于几家研究机构,如常春光属于沈阳建筑大学、BOZORGI-AMIR来自德黑兰大学。
根据发文的研究机构所在区域分析得到发文量占比排名前10的省市/国家,见表3。国内各省市的发文量占比相差不大,超过5%的有四川、辽宁、湖北、上海和江苏。而在英文文献中,中国以47.3%的发文量占比位居第1,与表1表2中的结果相一致,中国学者和中国研究机构在英文发文量排名前10的核心作者和研究机构中分别占据40%、70%,说明中国在国际应急物资调度研究领域已成为中坚力量。
合作网络特征分析是快速了解研究领域中具有影响力的核心团队和跨国家、跨区域、跨机构之间合作情况的定量分析方法,有利于促进研究领域内人才的互利合作及学术交流[16]。采用Cite Space软件分析开展应急物资调度研究的国内作者合作图谱和国际研究机构合作图谱,为使图谱简洁美观又保留基本合作网络特征,选取规模前5的聚类进行呈现,如图5图6所示。
图5可知:5个聚类中连线数最多的核心人物分别是武汉理工大学的宋英华、湖南工商大学的刘长石、沈阳建筑大学的宋晓宇、重庆财经学院的张立和中国科学院大学的黄钧。聚类中节点数最多的是以宋英华为核心的研究团队,其研究方向交叉多元且深入。2014—2023年,针对各场景下的应急设施选址、应急物资分配、应急车辆路径问题在核心期刊上发表了大量文献,研究方向涵盖应急物资储备、分配、调度等多个环节[17]。其次规模较大的合作网络是以刘长石为核心的研究团队,研究领域发文时间分布在2009—2023年,主要聚焦于地震后期应急物资配送的定位—路径联合优化问题[18],延申了时变路网场景、卡车-无人机协同配送、应急物资配送干扰管理等研究方向。聚类规模第3的合作网络是以宋晓宇为核心的研究团队,由于团队成员分布于信息与控制工程学院、管理学院等多个学科,发表文献多为计算机科学与管理科学深度融合的研究,致力于运用智能优化算法、图像处理、管理信息系统等方法可视化和高效管理应急物资调度,提高其效率和准确性[19]。然而观察图5发现,国内应急物资调度研究前5团队的5个聚类之间互不关联,与同一研究机构之外的其他作者合作强度低,缺乏研究机构、院校之间的交流合作,尚未形成较大规模的学术合作网络。由图6可知:国际应急物资调度领域前5个研究机构聚类中分别以华中科技大学、中国科学院、多伦多都会大学、重庆交通大学、东南大学为核心,此外多伦多大学、西蒙弗雷泽大学和香港理工大学等也发挥着重要作用。华中科技大学、中国科学院等国内机构与多伦多都会大学、多伦多大学等国外机构之间存在一定合作联系,但各聚类之间的合作紧密程度有所差异。华中科技大学为核心的聚类与部分国外机构的合作连线相对较多,而其他聚类在跨国合作方面的表现各有不同。整体来看,国内外研究机构节点间的联系较为紧密,中国、加拿大、新加坡等机构院校跨国跨区域学术交流频繁。
关键词是整篇文献的高度概括,来源于文献主题、摘要、高频词或短语等。通过关键词的出现频次、出现时间和相互关联程度等能够纵向、横向分析研究方向的发展历程,反映当前领域不同时期的研究热点、变化节奏、保持时间等特征。运用VOS viewer软件,将搜索筛选后的321篇CNKI文献和497篇WoS文献分别导入,选取频次在3次以上的关键词进行共现分析,研究对象关键词表现为节点,节点大小与出现频次呈正相关关系,节点之间的连线则表示两者存在共现关系。中英文献共现图谱网络如图7图8所示。
研究发现,中文文献关键词共现图一共出现83个关键词节点,出现频次前10的关键词分别是应急物流、应急物资、遗传算法、应急物资调度、多目标优化、物资调度、应急物资配送、路径优化、应急调度、应急救援,被认为是国内该领域的研究热点。图7中VOS viewer软件将关键词划分为4个聚类,聚类间区分度较小,说明国内研究百花齐放,各聚类间相互区别又相互包含。
聚类1:应急物流,包括遗传算法、路径优化和应急救援等28个关键词。应急物流是指为应对突发事件对应急物资、应急组织和资金需求而从事的特殊物流活动[20]。与普通物流相比,应急物流具有更强的时间效用、空间效用和弱经济性。国内从2003年非典疫情后才开始真正重视应急物流,研究重点集中于应急救援人员、设备、救援物资的筹集、分发、储存、运输的过程与方法。
聚类2:应急物资,包括应急调度、地震灾害、多式联运等22个关键词。应急物资是指应急救援过程中的物资保障,根据应急保障重点将其划分为现场管理与保障、生命救援与生活救助、工程抢险与专业处置3大类[21]。应急物资贯穿于整个应急救援活动,包括应急物资储备、应急物资分配和应急物资运输等决策过程[22]
聚类3:应急物资调度,包括多目标优化、物资调度、突发事件等17个关键词。国内研究呈现出多样化的特点,不同的学者和研究团队关注的焦点有所不同。模型目标函数的选择具有灵活性,可以是单目标、多个目标、联合目标,以适应不同的应急救援场景和需求。时间最小化和成本最小化是单目标优化模型中最常见的研究目标,旨在确保应急物资能够在最短时间内和(或)最小成本下送达需求点,以减少灾害带来的损失和影响[23]。随着研究的不断深入,目标函数的变化也呈现出新的趋势。一方面,多目标优化逐渐成为当下研究的重点,综合考虑物资的供应情况、运输工具的调配、运输路径的选择等因素,同时实现时间、成本、损失、公平性等多个目标,寻求更加全面的优化调度方案[24]。并且各目标的权重并不是固定不变,其取决于参与决策主体的关注点和优先级,随救援阶段和场景的变化而动态变化[25]。另一方面,实际应急情况下往往存在许多不确定因素,如需求不确定性、供应不确定性、运输时间不确定性等,将不确定因素纳入目标函数中受到越来越多的关注,要求目标函数具备更强的适应性和鲁棒性[26]
聚类4:应急物资配送,包括应急管理、车辆路径、改进蚁群算法等16个关键词。应急物资配送是指合理安排配送路线与时间,在一定约束条件下从配送中心将应急物资送达各需求点,使得整体目标优化的过程[27]。目前国内研究重点主要聚焦于智能优化算法(遗传算法、粒子群算法、蚁群算法、模拟退火算法等)的应用和不同约束条件的选择。由于应急物资配送属于典型的非确定性多项式问题,大多数学者采用智能优化算法求解多约束条件和多目标非线性问题的近似最优解。如何提高算法的有效性成为当前研究趋势,一部分学者通过调节已有算法的内部控制参数,改进原始算法的性能[28];另一部分学者采用多种算法融合的方式,集合各算法的优点提高运算效率[29]。在约束条件选择方面,目前主要由配送条件和外部环境因素2个角度设定约束。从配送条件入手时,针对灾后激增的应急物资需求和时效要求,衍生配送次数约束[30]、车辆配送形式约束[31]和时间窗约束[32]等;从外部环境因素入手时,针对救援过程中的物资竞争和道路通行性能,优先约束[33]、道路约束[34]等被纳入约束范围。
研究发现,英文文献关键词共现图一共出现112个关键词节点,出现频次前10的关键词分别是model、management、optimization、algorithm、mortality、care、emergency、COVID-19、risk、systems,被认为是国际该领域的研究热点。图8中将关键词划分为3个聚类。
聚类1:model(模型),包括optimization(优化)、algorithm(算法)、time(时间)等43个关键词。与国内研究重点一致,模型与算法的优化依旧是该领域研究的主旋律,主要围绕模型设计、算法改进、路径选择等方向。近年来,学者们意识到应急物资调度是一个复杂的系统工程,包括物资供应、运输、分配等多个环节,研究趋势逐渐从局部优化向综合优化发展,以实现整个系统的最优性能。针对分配-路径、选址-分配、选址-路径等联合优化模型的扩展成为当下研究的热点[35]
聚类2:management(管理),包括mortality(死亡率)、care(护理)、emergency(突发事件)等46个关键词。近年来,自然灾害和重大公共卫生事件频发,造成巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失,应急管理优化逐渐成为学者们关注的重点。除传统的经济和效率目标,社会和环境因素也开始涌现,如灾民心理感知程度、社会公平性、环境保护等,当下研究更侧重于传染病疫情、援助、医疗救护等人道主义应急供应链方向[36]
聚类3:systems(系统),包括routing(路径)、networks(网络)、safety(安全)等23个关键词。应急物资调度问题的研究初期通常假定明确的条件和参数,建立精确的数学模型,采用传统精确算法求解,决策过程稳定,但并不符合现实救援场景,模型适用性较差[37]。针对突发事件的破坏性、持续性和不确定性,应急物资调度过程无法从事件发生地内部获取精确数据,信息处于不对称状态,制定调度方案面临诸多不确定因素,如地点不确定、数量不确定、时间不确定等,给应急物资调度研究和实践带来巨大挑战[38]。而模糊数学、灰色系统、随机规划、鲁棒优化、神经网络等分析方法为解决此类不确定应急物资调度问题提供了全新的思路[39-40]。除不确定性,越来越多的学者们也开始关注现实救援场景的动态变化性对应急物资调度的影响[41]。各种应急救援信息由静态场景转变成动态场景,信息的预测转变成信息的评估,整个系统的研究难点转化为应急物资调度的实时动态优化决策方法。其中,基础交通设施破坏[42]、交通路网演变规律[43]、多种运输方式联合运送[44]、时间窗限制[45]等逐渐成为当下应急物资调度问题的研究热点。
综合国内外研究热点,发现关于模型、算法、优化、路径、约束等关键词基本相同,说明国内外学者对于应急物资调度问题的研究具有一致性。从研究内容来看,应急物资调度问题主要围绕分配-路径、选址-分配、选址-路径等单一模型或组合模型;从研究对象来看,国内外学者之前热衷于研究以地震为主的自然灾害事件,2019年底新冠疫情暴发后,针对公共卫生事件的研究开始逐渐增多[46];从研究趋势来看,由于现实应急救援情况复杂,决策环境不确定,获取可靠信息贫化,涌现出不同的极端情况,应急物资调度问题呈现出单一理论到综合理论、静态模型到动态模型、单一算法到混合算法、单目标到多目标、单层结构到多层结构、一阶段到多阶段、单约束到多约束的演化过程。而在模型优化设计方面,国外学者较早就开始关注灾害场景下灾民心理的变化特征,发展人道主义物流,提倡关注应急救援中的社会效应,有效缓解灾民痛苦感知[47]。国内针对这一方面的研究起步较晚,疫情之后更多地考虑社会公平性问题。
通过文献计量分析发现,目前国内外学者对于应急物资调度领域的模型建立、算法设计和决策方法等方面取得了一定成果,但还存在以下不足:
1) 对不确定场景下的应急资源调度还应展开更多研究;多数研究都聚焦于确定场景,分析固定参数对优化决策方案的影响,但实际应急救援过程难以获得准确灾情数据,通常处于需求、供应、时间等都不确定的场景,且不确定因素相互影响,各阶段动态变化。未来的应急资源调度研究应定位于不确定场景,以贴合应急救援现实情况。
2) 应加大对灾民心理感知的重视。受灾环境下,灾民心理感知极大程度决定了救援行动成功与否。目前学者初步探讨了灾民非理性情绪,在目标函数或约束中引入相关因素。未来需综合考虑灾民不同心理感知变化特征,研究其对应急物资调度优化决策的影响,进一步体现“以人为本”的应急救援理念。
3) 应加强对大数据分析和信息技术的应用。近年来,大数据和人工智能发展迅速,应急物资分配、车辆路径优化等问题均需要大量实际数据,如何应用新兴技术获得多源数据,如通过大数据及时调用受灾地区已有人口数据、人群集中地区数据、以往同类受灾后救援数据、最近应急物资供应点位置、贮备物资品种数量、最优路径等数据进入相关模型,以准确呈现灾害场景,成为未来亟需解决的问题之一。
1) 2000—2023年,应急物资调度问题的发展历程划分为3个阶段,其发文量呈稳中有进的波浪形增长。《中国安全科学学报》和Sustainability分别是发文量最多的中英文期刊,西南交通大学和北京交通大学以中文、英文发文量最高成为国内、国际领域的关键研究机构。在合作网络上,国内研究团队互不关联,合作强度低,尚未形成较大规模的学术合作网络。而国内外研究院校和机构之间联系较为紧密,主要以中国、加拿大和新加坡为核心。
2) 关键词共现分析表明:应急物资调度相关文献重点关注模型、算法、优化目标、限制约束等。中文文献大多数研究应急物资分配、选址、路径的集成优化问题,而英文文献还关注应急救援中群众的情绪感知行为,并扩展到人道主义物流、服务效用感知、物资需求满意度等方面。针对4个中文文献聚类和3个英文文献聚类的梳理分析有助于系统全面把握研究动态的发展趋势。
3) 应急物资调度受现实应急需求和不确定信息干扰,应急救援情况复杂,如何运用大数据分析和信息技术、建立具有实用价值的动态不确定模型、设计新型智能优化算法或混合算法,是完善应急物资调度问题理论、方法和技术的重点研究方向。
  • 长沙理工大学道路灾变防治及交通安全教育部工程研究中心开放基金资助(kfj220402)
  • 中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目(2024ZZTS0476)
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2025年第35卷第3期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.0680
  • 接收时间:2024-10-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-11
  • 修回日期:2024-12-14
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长沙理工大学道路灾变防治及交通安全教育部工程研究中心开放基金资助(kfj220402)
中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目(2024ZZTS0476)
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    中南大学 防灾科学与安全技术研究所,湖南 长沙 410075

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** 王飞跃(1977—),男,重庆人,博士,教授,主要从事城市公共安全与应急管理方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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species
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total species (%)

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种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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