Article(id=1148106725955199586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106708670477182, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)03-0142-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.0717, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728835200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-14, revisedDate=1734451200000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659574259, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1743091200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659574259, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659574259, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659574259, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106708670477182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='268', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659570138, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401518130, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190184155238915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106708670477182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190184155238916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106708670477182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=142, endPage=150, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149767348858569053, articleId=1148106725955199586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Clustering and correlation analysis of factors causing cross operation accidents in construction, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In order to effectively prevent cross operation accidents in the construction process,firstly,130 cross operation accident cases nationwide from 2010 to 2022 were collected as research objects,and an evaluation system for cross operation in construction was established based on the grounded theory. Then,according to the relationship between the indicators,a spectral clustering algorithm was used to analyze the combination of accident causes. The weight of each cause factor was allocated,and different levels of risk were divided by principal component analysis and analytic hierarchy process. Finally,the Apriori algorithm was used to obtain the correlation chain of each factor in the causative combination. The results show that the evaluation system includes 5 core categories,13 main categories and 40 categories. The core category that has the greatest influence on the risk of cross operation in the construction process is technical management. The 40 categories are grouped into 4 causa l combinations,among which 1 is high risk,1 is medium risk,and 2 are low risk. In addition,for the complex cluster of factors,the key combination of causes is identified and targeted preventive measures are proposed to reduce the probability of cross-operation accidents.
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为有效预防施工过程交叉作业事故发生,首先,收集2010—2022年全国范围内130份交叉作业事故案例为研究对象,结合扎根理论建立建筑施工交叉作业评价体系;然后,依据指标间的关系运用谱聚类算法分析事故致因组合,并通过主成分分析法和层次分析法对各致因因素进行权重分配,划分不同等级的风险等级;最后,运用Apriori算法获得致因组合内各因素关联链。结果表明:评价体系包括5个核心范畴、13个主范畴和40个范畴;对施工过程交叉作业风险影响最大的核心范畴为技术管理;40个范畴聚类为4类致因组合,其中,1类高风险,1类中风险,2类低风险。此外,针对因素复杂的簇确定关键的致因组合并提出针对性预防措施,以减少交叉作业事故的发生概率。
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交叉作业事故类型, figureFileSmall=3FNxzwaHNHLUwTS1o0d+dg==, figureFileBig=zrPt+UFli3mYBAfy/H6Wgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678358273733136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
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交叉作业事故特征, figureFileSmall=AO+JxEjfNZcE6TYRFoiS8Q==, figureFileBig=h/XDo+7BBQkCif2wLlOVlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678358382785043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
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轮廓系数比较, figureFileSmall=xQ17+EfkTEIBZll6g3l/mg==, figureFileBig=Xzlh5uWW6iRX2PeMT3yQ0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678358533779990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Spectral clustering visualization, figureFileSmall=9AlFTl2kA7w6jxsvPR5aCg==, figureFileBig=RX4P7s+uOdofwhGVL5x0Sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678358588305943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
聚类可视化, figureFileSmall=9AlFTl2kA7w6jxsvPR5aCg==, figureFileBig=RX4P7s+uOdofwhGVL5x0Sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678358651220504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Cluster2 strong association rules, figureFileSmall=isHrPPLJ4zKK8gV8gGKErA==, figureFileBig=a1XUbJmuNehVPl3lpPGIRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678358705746458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
簇2强关联规则, figureFileSmall=isHrPPLJ4zKK8gV8gGKErA==, figureFileBig=a1XUbJmuNehVPl3lpPGIRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678358764466716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Cluster3 strong association rules, figureFileSmall=0fJDdJ/3l0loliMCNmfVoA==, figureFileBig=ycMwGDm7I6c99i3eucZ53g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678358827381278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
簇3强关联规则, figureFileSmall=0fJDdJ/3l0loliMCNmfVoA==, figureFileBig=ycMwGDm7I6c99i3eucZ53g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678358915461664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Cluster4 strong association rules, figureFileSmall=msvlZFSJshHygWe9taCExg==, figureFileBig=GP/9LsdSQj+Q5gN19ltVeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678358995153441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
簇4强关联规则, figureFileSmall=msvlZFSJshHygWe9taCExg==, figureFileBig=GP/9LsdSQj+Q5gN19ltVeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678359062262307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Construction cross operation evaluation system
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
核心范畴 (选择性编码) | 主范畴 (主轴编码) | 范畴化 (开放性编码) |
| 人员与组织配置 | 安全管理机构H1 | 安全管理机构不健全H11;施工手续缺失或作假H12 |
| 安全管理人员H2 | 备案项目负责人长期不在岗H21;专职安全人员不足H22 |
| 作业人员H3 | 无证上岗H31;安全意识淡薄H32;身心状态H33;专业技能水平不足H34 |
| 监理人员H4 | 监理人员不足H41;监理不作为H42 |
| 材料设备 | 材料M1 | 材料的数量和质量M11;危险材料管理不严M12;安全防护用具缺失M13 |
| 机械设备M2 | 支撑体系强度不足M21;设备故障M22;设备警告标识M23 |
| 技术管理 | 施工方案T1 | 设计图缺陷T11;更改工艺流程T12;施工方案未编制论证T13;技术交底不规范T14 |
| 危险源管理T2 | 危险源辨识不充分T21;未消除安全隐患T22 |
| 现场安全管理T3 | 安全培训不到位T31;现场安全检查不到位T32;安全防护缺失T33; 施工过程监督缺失T34;违规指挥作业T35 |
| 合同管理 | 合同协议C1 | 工期压力C11;未签订安全生产协议C12 |
| 承包问题C2 | 挂靠C21;违法分包C22;工作范围不明确C23;权责划分不明确C24 |
| 环境条件 | 自然环境E1 | 水文地质条件E11;不良天气E12 |
| 施工环境E2 | 未设置警戒区E21;施工安全间距E22;材料设备摆放混乱E23;临时荷载过大E24;临时用电不规范E25 |
), ArticleFig(id=1165678359125176869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
建筑施工交叉作业评价体系
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
核心范畴 (选择性编码) | 主范畴 (主轴编码) | 范畴化 (开放性编码) |
| 人员与组织配置 | 安全管理机构H1 | 安全管理机构不健全H11;施工手续缺失或作假H12 |
| 安全管理人员H2 | 备案项目负责人长期不在岗H21;专职安全人员不足H22 |
| 作业人员H3 | 无证上岗H31;安全意识淡薄H32;身心状态H33;专业技能水平不足H34 |
| 监理人员H4 | 监理人员不足H41;监理不作为H42 |
| 材料设备 | 材料M1 | 材料的数量和质量M11;危险材料管理不严M12;安全防护用具缺失M13 |
| 机械设备M2 | 支撑体系强度不足M21;设备故障M22;设备警告标识M23 |
| 技术管理 | 施工方案T1 | 设计图缺陷T11;更改工艺流程T12;施工方案未编制论证T13;技术交底不规范T14 |
| 危险源管理T2 | 危险源辨识不充分T21;未消除安全隐患T22 |
| 现场安全管理T3 | 安全培训不到位T31;现场安全检查不到位T32;安全防护缺失T33; 施工过程监督缺失T34;违规指挥作业T35 |
| 合同管理 | 合同协议C1 | 工期压力C11;未签订安全生产协议C12 |
| 承包问题C2 | 挂靠C21;违法分包C22;工作范围不明确C23;权责划分不明确C24 |
| 环境条件 | 自然环境E1 | 水文地质条件E11;不良天气E12 |
| 施工环境E2 | 未设置警戒区E21;施工安全间距E22;材料设备摆放混乱E23;临时荷载过大E24;临时用电不规范E25 |
), ArticleFig(id=1165678359188091431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Clustering results
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 编号 | 数量 | 致因因素 | 风险等级 |
| 簇1 | 7 | H32、H22、T14、T22、T31、T33、T34 | 三级(高) |
| 簇2 | 13 | H11、H21、H33、H34、H41、M11、M22、C11、C23、C24、E24、E11、E12 | 二级(中等) |
| 簇3 | 10 | T32、C12、T13、M23、M13、M12、E21、E22、E23、E25 | 一级(低) |
| 簇4 | 10 | H12、T21、H31、C21、T12、T11、H42、C22、T35、M21 | 一级(低) |
), ArticleFig(id=1165678359242617384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
聚类结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 编号 | 数量 | 致因因素 | 风险等级 |
| 簇1 | 7 | H32、H22、T14、T22、T31、T33、T34 | 三级(高) |
| 簇2 | 13 | H11、H21、H33、H34、H41、M11、M22、C11、C23、C24、E24、E11、E12 | 二级(中等) |
| 簇3 | 10 | T32、C12、T13、M23、M13、M12、E21、E22、E23、E25 | 一级(低) |
| 簇4 | 10 | H12、T21、H31、C21、T12、T11、H42、C22、T35、M21 | 一级(低) |
), ArticleFig(id=1165678359297143337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Covariance matrix of PCA
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 因素 | F1 | F2 | F3 |
| 专职安全人员不足 | 0.65 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
| 技术交底不规范 | 0.55 | 0.08 | 0.02 |
| 安全管理机构不健全 | 0.10 | 0.50 | 0.05 |
| 项目负责人缺岗 | 0.12 | 0.60 | 0.08 |
| 施工过程监督缺失 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.55 |
| 安全培训不到位 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.60 |
), ArticleFig(id=1165678359355863594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
PCA协方差矩阵
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 因素 | F1 | F2 | F3 |
| 专职安全人员不足 | 0.65 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
| 技术交底不规范 | 0.55 | 0.08 | 0.02 |
| 安全管理机构不健全 | 0.10 | 0.50 | 0.05 |
| 项目负责人缺岗 | 0.12 | 0.60 | 0.08 |
| 施工过程监督缺失 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.55 |
| 安全培训不到位 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.60 |
), ArticleFig(id=1165678359410389547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
AHP Judgment matrix
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 因素 | F1 | F2 | F3 |
| F1(专职安全人员不足) | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| F2(安全管理机构不健全) | 0.5 | 1 | 2 |
| F3(施工过程监督缺失) | 0.33 | 0.5 | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1165678359473304108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
AHP判断矩阵
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 因素 | F1 | F2 | F3 |
| F1(专职安全人员不足) | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| F2(安全管理机构不健全) | 0.5 | 1 | 2 |
| F3(施工过程监督缺失) | 0.33 | 0.5 | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1165678359523635757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Normalized matrix
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 因素 | F1 | F2 | F3 |
| F1(专职安全人员不足) | 0.546 | 0.571 | 0.5 |
| F2(安全管理机构不健全) | 0.273 | 0.286 | 0.333 |
| F3(施工过程监督缺失) | 0.18 | 0.143 | 0.167 |
), ArticleFig(id=1165678359578161710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
归一化后矩阵
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 因素 | F1 | F2 | F3 |
| F1(专职安全人员不足) | 0.546 | 0.571 | 0.5 |
| F2(安全管理机构不健全) | 0.273 | 0.286 | 0.333 |
| F3(施工过程监督缺失) | 0.18 | 0.143 | 0.167 |
), ArticleFig(id=1165678359624299055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Causes analysis of accident cases
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 交叉作业类型 | 事故责任分析 | 致因因素提取 | 因素转换 |
作业A:门框 安装作业 | 未按规定设立安全生产管理机构 | A-H11安全管理机构不健全 | H11、H12、H22、H31、H32、H41、M12、T12、T13、T14、T21、T22、T31、T32、T33、T34、T35、C12、C21、C22、C24、E21、E22 |
| ICU改造工程未按规定申请施工许可证和开工登记手续 | A-H12施工手续缺失或作假 |
| 未配备专职安全生产管理人员 | A-H22专职安全人员不足 |
| 现场巡查值班人员证书未达到相应资质等级 | A-H31无证上岗 |
| 施工现场未聘用工程监理 | A-H41监理人员不足 |
| 固定消防设施失效,消火栓系统管网无水 | A-T33安全防护装置缺失 |
| 未发现西北门外坡道的易燃材料着火未提前消除安全隐患 | A-T22未消除安全隐患 |
| 未根据施工现场实际情况制定施工方案 | A-T13施工方案未编制 |
| 未对作业人员开展安全生产教育和培训 | A-T31安全培训不到位 |
| 未进行针对性技术交底 | A-T14技术交底不到位 |
| 未办理动火审批、对现场可燃物清理的情况擅自开展切割作业 | A-T12更改工艺流程 |
| 未配有专人值守,现场无人监护 | A-T34施工过程监督缺失 |
| 开展自流平地面施工和净化门门框安装切割动火时违规交叉作业 | A-T35违规指挥作业 |
| 两家分包在同一区域作业时未沟通协调造成交叉干扰 | A-C12未签订安全生产协议 |
| 个人借用他人公司资质承揽工程 | A-C21挂靠 |
| 未经建设单位允许将工程私发给无承揽资质的个人 | A-C22违法分包 |
| 施工区和非施工区之间未进行防火分隔 | A-E21未设置警戒区 |
作业B:自流 平地面施工 | 环氧树脂涂料属于易燃物品,在储存和放置过程中未按规定进行 | B-M12危险材料管理不严 |
| 危险区域内违规调料施工 | B-H32安全意识淡薄 |
| 已知材料为易燃易爆物品,现场仍未保持有效通风 | B-T32现场安全检查不到位 |
| 未配有专人值守,现场无人监护 | B-T34施工过程监督缺失 |
| 总承包单位与自流平地面分包之间无合同 | B-C24权责划分不明确 |
| 未将残留的环氧树脂底涂材料清理干净,忽视其可能造成的危害 | B-T21危险源辨识不充分 |
| 作业区域内存在动火作业,未将危险源转移到安全区域 | B-E22施工安全间距 |
| 开展自流平地面施工和净化门门框安装切割动火时违规交叉作业 | B-T35违规指挥作业 |
), ArticleFig(id=1165678359720768048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725955199586, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
事故案例致因分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 交叉作业类型 | 事故责任分析 | 致因因素提取 | 因素转换 |
作业A:门框 安装作业 | 未按规定设立安全生产管理机构 | A-H11安全管理机构不健全 | H11、H12、H22、H31、H32、H41、M12、T12、T13、T14、T21、T22、T31、T32、T33、T34、T35、C12、C21、C22、C24、E21、E22 |
| ICU改造工程未按规定申请施工许可证和开工登记手续 | A-H12施工手续缺失或作假 |
| 未配备专职安全生产管理人员 | A-H22专职安全人员不足 |
| 现场巡查值班人员证书未达到相应资质等级 | A-H31无证上岗 |
| 施工现场未聘用工程监理 | A-H41监理人员不足 |
| 固定消防设施失效,消火栓系统管网无水 | A-T33安全防护装置缺失 |
| 未发现西北门外坡道的易燃材料着火未提前消除安全隐患 | A-T22未消除安全隐患 |
| 未根据施工现场实际情况制定施工方案 | A-T13施工方案未编制 |
| 未对作业人员开展安全生产教育和培训 | A-T31安全培训不到位 |
| 未进行针对性技术交底 | A-T14技术交底不到位 |
| 未办理动火审批、对现场可燃物清理的情况擅自开展切割作业 | A-T12更改工艺流程 |
| 未配有专人值守,现场无人监护 | A-T34施工过程监督缺失 |
| 开展自流平地面施工和净化门门框安装切割动火时违规交叉作业 | A-T35违规指挥作业 |
| 两家分包在同一区域作业时未沟通协调造成交叉干扰 | A-C12未签订安全生产协议 |
| 个人借用他人公司资质承揽工程 | A-C21挂靠 |
| 未经建设单位允许将工程私发给无承揽资质的个人 | A-C22违法分包 |
| 施工区和非施工区之间未进行防火分隔 | A-E21未设置警戒区 |
作业B:自流 平地面施工 | 环氧树脂涂料属于易燃物品,在储存和放置过程中未按规定进行 | B-M12危险材料管理不严 |
| 危险区域内违规调料施工 | B-H32安全意识淡薄 |
| 已知材料为易燃易爆物品,现场仍未保持有效通风 | B-T32现场安全检查不到位 |
| 未配有专人值守,现场无人监护 | B-T34施工过程监督缺失 |
| 总承包单位与自流平地面分包之间无合同 | B-C24权责划分不明确 |
| 未将残留的环氧树脂底涂材料清理干净,忽视其可能造成的危害 | B-T21危险源辨识不充分 |
| 作业区域内存在动火作业,未将危险源转移到安全区域 | B-E22施工安全间距 |
| 开展自流平地面施工和净化门门框安装切割动火时违规交叉作业 | B-T35违规指挥作业 |
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