Article(id=1148106725045039620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106708670477182, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)03-0125-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.1568, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728576000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-11, revisedDate=1734105600000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659574042, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1743091200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659574042, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659574042, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659574042, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106708670477182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='268', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659570138, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401518130, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190184155238915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106708670477182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190184155238916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106708670477182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=125, endPage=132, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149767555482563142, articleId=1148106725045039620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Influence of CO2/N2 ratio and O2 volume fraction on low-temperature oxidation characteristics of coal, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To optimize the mixed inert gas fire suppression technique for goafs,the effects of CO2/N2 ratio and O2 volume fraction on the low-temperature oxidation characteristics of coal were investigated. Taking the long flame coal from Dongxia mine in Gansu as the research subject,a temperature-programmed experimental system combined with gas chromatography analysis was employed to carry out low-temperature oxidation experiments under various CO2/N2 ratios (ranging from 0∶10 to 10∶0) and O2 volume fractions (6%,10%,14%,and 18%). The results indicate that at the same O2 volume fraction,as the CO2/N2 ratio increases,the rates of oxygen consumption and CO production of the long-flame coal gradually slow down,with the decline rates increasing as the temperature rises. The apparent activation energy of the long-flame coal increases gradually with the increase in the CO2/N2 ratio during the slow oxidation stage,while it initially increases and then decreases during the accelerated and rapid oxidation stages,reaching the maximum value at a CO2/N2 ratio of 4∶6.

, correspAuthors=Yong XUE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chunlei WU, Bobo SHI, Yong XUE, Qingxu GUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148106729335812956, articleId=1148106725045039620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=CO2/N2配比及O2体积分数对煤低温氧化特性的影响, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为优化采空区混合惰气防灭火技术,研究CO2/N2配比和O2体积分数对煤低温氧化特性的影响;以甘肃东峡矿长焰煤为研究对象,采用程序升温试验系统,结合气相色谱分析,开展不同CO2/N2配比(0∶10~10∶0)和O2体积分数(6%、10%、14%、18%)条件下的低温氧化试验。结果表明:在相同O2体积分数下,随着CO2/N2配比增加,长焰煤的耗氧速率和CO产生率的下降速率逐渐减缓,下降幅度随温度升高而增大;长焰煤的表观活化能在缓慢氧化阶段随CO2/N2配比增加逐渐增大,在加速和快速氧化阶段先增后减,CO2/N2配比为4:6时最大。

, correspAuthors=薛勇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 薛勇(1965—),男,江苏徐州人,博士,教授,主要从事定量遥感、地球大数据及通导遥协同一体化应急管理领域等方面研究。E-mail:
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吴春雷 (1995—),男,安徽宿州人,博士,主要从事地下空间火灾防治、惰气(CO2+N2)防灭火、防灾减灾工程等方面的研究。E-mail:

史波波,教授;

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吴春雷 (1995—),男,安徽宿州人,博士,主要从事地下空间火灾防治、惰气(CO2+N2)防灭火、防灾减灾工程等方面的研究。E-mail:

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吴春雷 (1995—),男,安徽宿州人,博士,主要从事地下空间火灾防治、惰气(CO2+N2)防灭火、防灾减灾工程等方面的研究。E-mail:

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Proximate analysis of coal samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
煤种 工业分析
水分/% 灰分/% 挥发分/% 固定碳/%
长焰煤 6.68 10.97 45.96 36.39
), ArticleFig(id=1165678398350303875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725045039620, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

煤样的工业分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
煤种 工业分析
水分/% 灰分/% 挥发分/% 固定碳/%
长焰煤 6.68 10.97 45.96 36.39
), ArticleFig(id=1165678398404829829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725045039620, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Gas distribution scheme of multi-component gases

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序号 煤样 气体/% CO2/N2 序号 煤样 气体/% CO2/N2
O2 CO2 N2 O2 CO2 N2
1 长焰 20.9 0 79.1 0∶10 10 长焰 10 0 90 0∶10
2 18 0 82 0∶10 11 10 18 72 2∶8
3 18 16.4 65.6 2∶8 12 10 36 54 4∶6
4 18 32.8 49.2 4∶6 13 10 54 36 6∶4
5 18 49.2 32.8 6∶4 14 10 72 18 8∶2
6 18 65.6 16.4 8∶2 15 10 90 0 10∶0
7 18 82 0 10∶0 16 6 0 94 0∶10
8 14 0 86 0∶10 17 6 94 0 10∶0
9 14 86 0 10∶0
), ArticleFig(id=1165678398484521607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106725045039620, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

多组分气体配气方案

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序号 煤样 气体/% CO2/N2 序号 煤样 气体/% CO2/N2
O2 CO2 N2 O2 CO2 N2
1 长焰 20.9 0 79.1 0∶10 10 长焰 10 0 90 0∶10
2 18 0 82 0∶10 11 10 18 72 2∶8
3 18 16.4 65.6 2∶8 12 10 36 54 4∶6
4 18 32.8 49.2 4∶6 13 10 54 36 6∶4
5 18 49.2 32.8 6∶4 14 10 72 18 8∶2
6 18 65.6 16.4 8∶2 15 10 90 0 10∶0
7 18 82 0 10∶0 16 6 0 94 0∶10
8 14 0 86 0∶10 17 6 94 0 10∶0
9 14 86 0 10∶0
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CO2/N2配比及O2体积分数对煤低温氧化特性的影响
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吴春雷 1, 2 , 史波波 3 , 薛勇 2, ** , 郭庆旭 4
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025,35(3): 125-132
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025, 35(3): 125-132
CO2/N2配比及O2体积分数对煤低温氧化特性的影响
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吴春雷1, 2 , 史波波3, 薛勇2, ** , 郭庆旭4
作者信息
  • 1 南京信息工程大学 环境科学与工程学院,江苏 南京 210044
  • 2 南京信息工程大学 应急管理学院,江苏 南京 210044
  • 3 中国矿业大学 安全工程学院,江苏 徐州 221116
  • 4 南京晨光集团有限责任公司,江苏 南京 210006
  • 吴春雷 (1995—),男,安徽宿州人,博士,主要从事地下空间火灾防治、惰气(CO2+N2)防灭火、防灾减灾工程等方面的研究。E-mail:

    史波波,教授;

通讯作者:

** 薛勇(1965—),男,江苏徐州人,博士,教授,主要从事定量遥感、地球大数据及通导遥协同一体化应急管理领域等方面研究。E-mail:
Influence of CO2/N2 ratio and O2 volume fraction on low-temperature oxidation characteristics of coal
Chunlei WU1, 2 , Bobo SHI3, Yong XUE2, ** , Qingxu GUO4
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing Jiangsu 210044,China
  • 2 School of Emergency Management,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing Jiangsu 210044,China
  • 3 School of Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116,China
  • 4 Nanjing Chenguang Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing Jiangsu 210006,China
出版时间: 2025-03-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.1568
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为优化采空区混合惰气防灭火技术,研究CO2/N2配比和O2体积分数对煤低温氧化特性的影响;以甘肃东峡矿长焰煤为研究对象,采用程序升温试验系统,结合气相色谱分析,开展不同CO2/N2配比(0∶10~10∶0)和O2体积分数(6%、10%、14%、18%)条件下的低温氧化试验。结果表明:在相同O2体积分数下,随着CO2/N2配比增加,长焰煤的耗氧速率和CO产生率的下降速率逐渐减缓,下降幅度随温度升高而增大;长焰煤的表观活化能在缓慢氧化阶段随CO2/N2配比增加逐渐增大,在加速和快速氧化阶段先增后减,CO2/N2配比为4:6时最大。

CO2/N2配比  /  O2体积分数  /  低温氧化  /  耗氧速率  /  CO产生率  /  表观活化能

To optimize the mixed inert gas fire suppression technique for goafs,the effects of CO2/N2 ratio and O2 volume fraction on the low-temperature oxidation characteristics of coal were investigated. Taking the long flame coal from Dongxia mine in Gansu as the research subject,a temperature-programmed experimental system combined with gas chromatography analysis was employed to carry out low-temperature oxidation experiments under various CO2/N2 ratios (ranging from 0∶10 to 10∶0) and O2 volume fractions (6%,10%,14%,and 18%). The results indicate that at the same O2 volume fraction,as the CO2/N2 ratio increases,the rates of oxygen consumption and CO production of the long-flame coal gradually slow down,with the decline rates increasing as the temperature rises. The apparent activation energy of the long-flame coal increases gradually with the increase in the CO2/N2 ratio during the slow oxidation stage,while it initially increases and then decreases during the accelerated and rapid oxidation stages,reaching the maximum value at a CO2/N2 ratio of 4∶6.

CO2/N2 ratio  /  O2 volume fraction  /  low temperature oxidation  /  oxygen consumption rate  /  CO production rate  /  apparent activation energy
吴春雷, 史波波, 薛勇, 郭庆旭. CO2/N2配比及O2体积分数对煤低温氧化特性的影响. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (3) : 125 -132 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.1568
Chunlei WU, Bobo SHI, Yong XUE, Qingxu GUO. Influence of CO2/N2 ratio and O2 volume fraction on low-temperature oxidation characteristics of coal[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (3) : 125 -132 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.1568
煤自燃是煤矿开采中的重大安全隐患,每年造成大量煤炭资源浪费和经济损失,同时还严重威胁井下作业人员的生命安全。据统计,我国约85%的井工煤矿受煤自燃的威胁[1-2],采空区煤自燃火灾占比高达60%[3],年经济损失超过200亿元[4]。2013—2024年,采空区煤自燃及其引发的事故导致123人伤亡,产生极其恶劣的社会影响[5]。因此,有效防控采空区煤自燃,已成为确保煤矿安全、高效和高产的迫切需求。
目前,国内外学者针对煤自燃防控技术开展了大量研究。传统方法如灌浆、注胶、泡沫阻化剂和惰气注入等虽有一定效果,但存在成本高、稳定性差、作用范围有限等问题。近年来,CO2-N2混合惰气因其良好的流动性、吸附性和惰化性,逐渐成为采空区防灭火的研究热点。TANG Li等[6]在唐口煤矿5306工作面进行的现场试验表明:相较于纯CO2,向采空区注入CO2-N2混合惰气后,工作面能快速恢复生产,使用成本仅为纯CO2的4/7;SHI Jingdong等[7]通过试验研究了不同煤种在O2/N2(体积分数为21%/79%)和O2/N2/CO2(体积分数为15%/80%/5%)气氛下的氧化热解特性,发现随着O2体积分数的降低,低阶煤的局部反应活性和最大放热速率显著降低,且CO2体积分数增加时,最大放热速率反而有所提高,热滞效应更为显著;REN Lifeng等[8]研究了不同气氛下煤的氧化和燃烧特性,发现当O2体积分数为21%时,高挥发性烟煤和无烟煤总热释放量分别降低5.8%和4.1%,综合燃烧性能指标下降,O2/CO2/N2气氛下的表观激活能低于O2/N2的。然而,现有研究更多集中于单一惰性气体(如纯N2或纯CO2)对煤自燃特性的影响,即便对CO2-N2混合惰性气的研究,对CO2/N2配比与O2体积分数协同作用的研究也较少,且缺乏对煤低温氧化过程中耗氧速率、CO产生率及表观活化能的系统分析。
鉴于此,笔者以甘肃东峡煤矿长焰煤为研究对象,采用程序升温试验,系统研究不同CO2/N2配比(0∶10~10∶0)和O2体积分数(6%、10%、14%、18%)条件下煤的低温氧化特性;通过测定耗氧速率、CO产生率及表观活化能,揭示CO2/N2配比与O2体积分数对煤氧化反应的影响机制,以期为优化采空区煤自燃防控技术提供理论依据和试验支持。
试验煤样选自甘肃东峡煤矿的长焰煤,采样过程遵循《煤岩样品采取方法》(GB/T 19222—2003)的相关规范。首先新鲜煤样在工作面刚采出后,立即用充N2的样品袋密封保存。然后返回实验室后,煤样在N2环境下破碎至60~80目颗粒,并在50 ℃的真空干燥箱中干燥48h,以尽量去除吸附水分。最后,将处理后的煤样放入充N2的密封袋中保存。根据《煤的工业分析方法》(GBT 212—2008),测定煤样的工业分析参数,煤样的工业分析结果见表1
试验采用高精度混合气体配气仪(流量范围0~500 mL/min,精度1.0% FS)配制多组分气源,气体通入装有煤样的程序升温炉中。程序升温炉温度控制范围为室温至400 ℃,精度±0.1 ℃,升温速率0.1~20 ℃/min可调。煤样低温氧化产生的气体由气相色谱仪(检测精度±0.5%)检测,数据通过电脑记录并分析。煤低温氧化试验系统如图1所示。
试验操作步骤如下:气相色谱仪预热0.5 h后,用标准气体校准3次;煤样罐中装入15 g 60~80目煤样,上下各放置一片金属网以防止堵塞。试验升温范围为30~200 ℃,升温速率1 ℃/min,通气流量80 mL/min,每隔10 ℃采集一次气样。
O2体积分数选择为6%、10%、14%和18%,以覆盖采空区氧化带的典型范围(10%~18%),并探讨O2体积分数对煤氧化反应速率的影响。CO2/N2配比的选择参照等梯度递增和对称配比原则,设定6种不同的CO2/N2配比:0:10、2:8、4:6、6:4、8:2及10:0,以此探究不同CO2/N2配比的混合惰气对煤低温氧化过程的影响。多组分气体配气方案见表2
煤的耗氧速率是煤氧化反应的关键参数之一。一般来说,煤的耗氧速率越大,煤氧化过程越剧烈,所释放的气体产物和热量也就越多。煤的耗氧速率一般采用以下公式计算[5]
V O 2 ( t ) = Q · C O 2 0 L · S c · l n C O 2 0 C O 2 L
式中: V O 2 ( t )为温度 t下的耗氧速率,mol/(cm3·s); Q为供风量,mol/s,取80 mL/min=5.95×10-5 mol/s; C O 2 0为在煤样轴线上 Z = 0处的O2质量浓度,即为新鲜风流中O2质量浓度,mol/cm3 C O 2 L为在煤样轴线上 Z = L处的O2质量浓度,即为煤样罐出口O2质量浓度,mol/cm3 L为煤样罐中煤样的高度,cm; S c为煤样罐中煤的横截面积,cm2
煤在不同CO2/N2配比气氛下的耗氧速率如图2所示。在煤的缓慢氧化阶段(30~80 ℃),出口O2质量浓度和耗氧速率的变化趋势相对平缓。然而,随着CO2/N2配比的增加,煤的耗氧速率逐步降低。这一现象可归因于煤对CO2的强吸附作用。在低温下,CO2分子通过物理吸附占据煤表面的活性位点,从而与O2分子发生竞争吸附,减少O2与煤表面的接触机会。在吸附动力学理论中[9],煤表面吸附位点的占用是影响氧化反应速率的关键因素。由于温度较低,煤的氧化主要由物理吸附过程主导,CO2对氧分子的物理吸附具有较强的抑制作用,因此,CO2/N2配比越高,煤与O2的吸附结合能力越弱,导致耗氧速率的降低。
在煤的加速氧化阶段(80~130 ℃),温度升高削弱了CO2对煤氧吸附的抑制作用,CO2脱附吸热效应降低煤表面温度。随着温度上升,煤氧化吸附反应逐渐占据主导,煤表面活性氧化结构被加速激活,活性吸附位点数量增加,导致耗氧速率显著加快。根据Arrhenius方程,虽然温度升高会加速反应速率,但CO2分子持续占据煤表面活性位点,减少O2分子与活性位点的结合概率。试验表明:较高CO2/N2配比下,耗氧速率仍呈下降趋势,证明温度升高虽促进氧化反应,但CO2抑制效应始终存在。
在快速氧化阶段(130~200 ℃),煤中稳定侧链分子结构断裂产生大量活性氧化结构,煤氧化反应速率急剧上升。此时,CO2通过双重机制抑制反应[10]:一方面降低O2扩散速率[11],另一方面占据活性吸附位点[12]。因此,随着CO2/N2配比增加,煤表面活性位点与O2结合速率下降,导致氧化反应速率降低。在18%和10% O2体积分数下,耗氧速率随CO2/N2配比增加而降低的幅度随温度升高而增大,但相同温度下该趋势逐渐减缓,表明高温条件下,高CO2/N2配比对煤氧反应的抑制作用更显著。
图3为煤在不同O2体积分数下的耗氧速率。在不同O2体积分数体系中,耗氧速率均随O2体积分数增加而上升,主要因为O2体积分数提升增加了O2分子与煤表面活性位点的碰撞概率,促进了煤表面活性基团与O2分子的结合数量。
在相同O2体积分数下,O2/CO2体系的耗氧速率低于O2/N2体系,这源于CO2分子通过物理竞争吸附占据活性位点。由图3b图3d可知:O2/N2和O2/CO2体系下,耗氧速率随O2体积分数上升幅度均随温度升高而增大,证实O2体积分数与温度是调控煤氧反应速率的核心参数。
煤低温氧化过程中,会逐渐产生CO、CO2等气体,其产生速率是表征煤氧化程度和氧化强弱的重要指标气体。由于CO在所有温度段均可产生,因此,采用CO产生率来表征煤的氧化作用强弱。CO产生率是指煤在单位时间内产生CO的摩尔数,一般由以下公式计算[5]
V C O ( t ) = V O 2 0 ( t ) · C C O L C O 2 0 · { 1 - e x p [ - V O 2 0 ( t ) · S c · L / ( Q · C O 2 0 ) ] }
式中: V C O ( t )为CO产生率,mol/(cm3·s); C C O L为煤样罐出口处的CO质量浓度,mol/cm3
煤在不同CO2/N2配比气氛下的CO体积分数及CO产生率如图4所示。由图4可知:在缓慢氧化阶段(30~80 ℃),CO体积分数及产生率随着CO2/N2比例的增加逐渐降低,与耗氧速率变化趋势一致。根据竞争吸附理论[9],CO2分子凭借更强的物理吸附能力占据煤表面活性位点,抑制O2的吸附结合,导致低温下氧化反应减缓。此时煤温较低,CO2对小分子结构氧化的阻隔效应显著,进一步削弱CO生成速率。
进入加速氧化阶段(80~130 ℃),CO体积分数曲线和产生率曲线斜率明显增加。在这一阶段,随着温度的升高,CO2会产生脱附吸热效应,煤表面温度降低,从而使得煤表面的活性氧化结构与O2反应速率减慢。尽管温度升高会促进氧化反应,但CO2分子的竞争吸附作用仍然显著抑制了氧化反应,导致CO体积分数和CO产生率随CO2/N2配比的增加而降低。
在煤的快速氧化阶段(130~200 ℃),煤中更多稳定的侧链及桥键结构断裂,产生大量的活性氧化结构,煤氧反应速率显著增加,CO体积分数和CO产生率剧增。根据反应动力学理论[13-14],高温虽强化氧化进程,但CO2会降低O2分子的扩散速率,并通过持续占据活性位点降低有效反应接触,导致CO体积分数和CO产生率随CO2/N2配比的增加而减小。由图4c图4f可知:在18%和10% O2体积分数下,CO产生率随CO2/N2配比的下降幅度随煤温升高而增大,表明较高的CO2/N2配比对较高温度下煤的氧化学反应速率抑制作用更为显著。煤在不同O2体积分数下的CO体积分数及CO产生率如图5所示。由图5可知:在O2/N2和O2/CO2气氛下,CO体积分数及CO产生率均随O2体积分数的增加而增大。由于CO2分子会占据部分活性位点,降低O2分子与煤表面活性位点的结合概率,因此,煤在O2/CO2气氛下的CO体积分数及CO产生率低于O2/N2。由图5c图5f可知:在O2/N2和O2/CO2气氛下,CO产生率随O2体积分数的增加幅度随煤温升高而增大,相同温度下,CO产生率随O2体积分数增加呈较明显的线性增长趋势,进一步验证了O2体积分数和温度对煤氧反应的促进作用。
煤自燃是一种复杂的反应过程,由多个基元反应组合而成,煤中的活性结构和官能团是煤自燃的主要参与者,试验数据得到的活化能为表观活化能,表观活化能是衡量煤氧化反应难易程度和速率的指标。在煤低温氧化过程中,活化能的大小决定着煤氧化反应的速率和风险。因此,活化能在煤自燃的研究和预测中具有重要的意义。
表观活化能一般由以下公式计算[5]
l n l n C O 2 0 C O 2 L = l n S c · L · A Q - E R T
式中:A为指前因子,1/s;E为表观活化能,kJ/mol;R为气体常数,8.314 J/(mol·K);T为煤温,K。
将试验测得的煤吸附进出口O2质量浓度的数据代入到式(3)中, l n [ l n ( C O 2 0 / C O 2 L ) ]以对1/T作图,通过最小二乘法得出散点图的线性回归方程,求出直线的截距和斜率,即可得到表观活化能E
煤在不同氧化阶段的表观活化能随CO2/N2配比的变化,如图6所示。由图6可知:在煤的缓慢氧化阶段,煤的表观活化能随CO2/N2配比的增加而增大,主要因为该阶段煤温较低,煤与各气体主要以物理吸附为主,而CO2分子在竞争吸附过程中占据主导地位,抑制了煤吸附O2分子,使得煤氧反应需要更多的能量。
在煤的加速氧化和快速氧化阶段,煤的表观活化能随CO2/N2配比的增加先升高后降低,在CO2/N2配比为4:6时达到峰值。这可能与煤氧化过程中产热速率与散热速率有关。煤在氧化过程中,煤的产热速率与散热速率的差值(净产热速率)越小,煤温的升高以及煤氧化反应所需外界提供的能量就越多,即煤的表观活化能越大,反应越难进行;反之,煤的净产热速率越大,煤的表观活化能越小,煤氧反应越易进行[15]。在相同O2体积分数下,随着CO2/N2配比的增加,由于煤对CO2的吸附能力强于N2,从而会占据更多的活性吸附位点,降低煤表面活性吸附位点与O2分子的碰撞概率,使氧化反应速率减慢,进而导致煤的氧化产热速率降低。此外,美国国家标准与技术研究院化学数据库表明[16]:多组分气体的热扩散系数随CO2/N2配比的增加呈线性减小趋势,煤颗粒表面的热量损失可认为均是由环境气氛与煤表面的热交换作用导致。因此,在环境气体流量相同的情况下,煤颗粒表面的散热速率可认为与环境气体的热扩散系数呈正相关关系,即煤的散热速率随混合惰气中CO2/N2配比的增加而逐渐减小。煤的产热速率与散热速率均随着CO2/N2配比的增加而逐渐减小,其共同减小的过程中的差值(净产热速率)可能存在最小值,即在CO2/N2配比为4∶6时存在最小值,因此,表现为在CO2/N2配比为4∶6时表观活化能最大,氧化反应最难进行。
图7为长焰煤在不同O2体积分数下的O2/N2和O2/CO2气氛下各氧化阶段的表观活化能。由图7可知:煤的各阶段表观活化能随着O2体积分数的增加呈线性降低趋势,说明O2体积分数的增加促进了煤的氧化反应。这是因为更高的O2体积分数提高了O2分子与煤表面活性位点的接触概率,使更多O2参与氧化反应。在相同O2体积分数下,O2/CO2气氛下长焰煤的表观活化能在各氧化阶段均高于O2/N2气氛,主要由于CO2分子吸附能力强,能与O2分子竞争煤表面的活性吸附位点,降低了O2分子与煤表面基团的碰撞概率,同时,O2/CO2气氛中的O2分子的扩散速率低于O2/N2气氛。因此,在O2/CO2气氛中,煤的氧化反应更难进行。
1) 长焰煤的耗氧速率、CO产生率随CO2/N2配比和O2体积分数增加的变化幅度表现出随煤温升高而增大的趋势。
2) 在相同煤温下,长焰煤的耗氧速率和CO产生率随着CO2/N2配比的增加下降趋势逐渐减缓,随O2体积分数的增加呈现近似线性增长趋势。
3) 煤的表观活化能随着煤氧化阶段的不断进行而逐渐增大,表明随着煤温的逐渐增高,煤氧反应所需的能量更高。
4) 在煤的缓慢氧化阶段,煤的表观活化能随着多组分气体中CO2/N2配比的增加逐渐增大,在加速氧化阶段和快速氧化阶段,煤的表观活化能呈现先增大后减小的趋势,并在CO2/N2配比为4∶6时达到最大值,因此,在采空区惰气注入过程中,可优先选择该配比作为惰气注入的混合比例。
5) 未来需探讨不同煤种、不同温度和气体体积分数条件下,如何通过动态调整CO2/N2气体的注入比例和流量,实现更加高效和经济的惰化效果。此外,结合气敏、压敏、温敏传感器和实时监测系统,开展智能化气体注入与防火策略的研究,以便更好地适应煤矿开采过程中气体环境的变化,提高煤矿安全性和防灭火效率。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(42275147)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(52474262)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(52074277)
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2025年第35卷第3期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.1568
  • 接收时间:2024-10-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-11
  • 修回日期:2024-12-14
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国家自然科学基金资助(42275147)
国家自然科学基金资助(52474262)
国家自然科学基金资助(52074277)
作者信息
    1 南京信息工程大学 环境科学与工程学院,江苏 南京 210044
    2 南京信息工程大学 应急管理学院,江苏 南京 210044
    3 中国矿业大学 安全工程学院,江苏 徐州 221116
    4 南京晨光集团有限责任公司,江苏 南京 210006

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** 薛勇(1965—),男,江苏徐州人,博士,教授,主要从事定量遥感、地球大数据及通导遥协同一体化应急管理领域等方面研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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