Article(id=1148106716610290299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106709542892487, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)04-0227-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.0686, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733846400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-11, revisedDate=1739289600000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659572030, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659572030, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659572030, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659572030, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106709542892487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659570346, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757560692417, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172857809499730113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106709542892487, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172857809499730114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106709542892487, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=227, endPage=232, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149757855835800499, articleId=1148106716610290299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Visualization of flood and rainstorm model and application of emergency decision, columnId=1149735802789348081, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Technology and engineering of disaster prevention and mitigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to reduce the various risks associated with storm and flood hazards,an ontology model of storm and flood hazard risk is proposed. Storm and flood disaster risk elements were identified from five aspects:environmental factors,equipment and facility factors,management factors,human factors,and information factors. The concepts of storm flood class and state space were given respectively,and data attributes and object attributes of each hazard element are defined. And visualization of the storm flood ontology model based on Protégé application. The results show that the storm and flood ontology model can express the risk elements and attributes clearly and accurately,and retrieve the links between the risk elements scientifically and quickly,so as to help the decision-makers respond effectively. Providing a data storage and retrieval platform for heavy rainfall and flood disaster risk assessment,it can realize user knowledge reuse and sharing,and provide a reference for emergency response and scientific decision-making by the government and emergency management authorities at the same time.

, correspAuthors=Yu SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao WANG, Yu SUN, Xintong HUANG, Tianqi LIU, Guowei ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148106720288694290, articleId=1148106716610290299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=暴雨洪水本体模型的可视化呈现与应急决策应用, columnId=1149735802885817075, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=防灾减灾技术与工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为减少暴雨和洪水灾害带来的各种风险,提出暴雨洪水灾害风险本体模型。从环境因素、设备设施因素、管理因素、人力因素、信息因素5个方面识别暴雨洪水灾害风险要素,分别给出暴雨洪水类、状态空间的概念,定义各个灾害要素的数据属性和对象属性,并基于Protégé应用程序实现暴雨洪水本体模型的可视化。结果表明:暴雨洪水本体模型可清晰准确地表达风险要素和属性,并科学快速地检索出风险要素之间的联系,从而帮助决策者有效作出响应。为暴雨洪水灾害风险评估提供数据存储和检索平台,能够实现用户知识重用和共享,同时也为政府和应急管理主管部门的应急处置和科学决策提供参考。

, correspAuthors=孙雨, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**孙 雨(2001—),女,辽宁东港人,硕士研究生,研究方向为公共安全与应急管理、地震风险管理。E-mail:
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王 潇 (1980—),女,辽宁沈阳人,博士,讲师,主要从事公共安全与应急管理方面的研究。E-mail:

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王 潇 (1980—),女,辽宁沈阳人,博士,讲师,主要从事公共安全与应急管理方面的研究。E-mail:

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EOC model:a conceptual model to analyze emergencies[J]. 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ontology model diagram, figureFileSmall=UqGZ1LI5BS6yFB8JgrF/Tg==, figureFileBig=N4d7IOTPpOyCvv/XAc6hzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198290317484607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106716610290299, language=CN, label=图5, caption=暴雨洪水灾害风险本体模型, figureFileSmall=UqGZ1LI5BS6yFB8JgrF/Tg==, figureFileBig=N4d7IOTPpOyCvv/XAc6hzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198290367816256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106716610290299, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of several manual ontology modeling methods

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方法名称 优点 缺点
本体论描述获取法 2种互补语言形式 没有详细的本体构建步骤
多伦多大学企业集成实验室建模法 提出从需求出发获取本体,注重本体的优化 缺少文档化过程;本体重用程度低
骨架法 有具体构建框架和完善的评估流程 没有真正的生命周期;本体重用程度低
七步法 有具体构建框架;可操作性强和效率高;可复用和完善的评估流程 缺乏对本体检查、评估及用户的反馈
), ArticleFig(id=1165198290434925121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106716610290299, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

几种手动构建本体建模方法的优缺点比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法名称 优点 缺点
本体论描述获取法 2种互补语言形式 没有详细的本体构建步骤
多伦多大学企业集成实验室建模法 提出从需求出发获取本体,注重本体的优化 缺少文档化过程;本体重用程度低
骨架法 有具体构建框架和完善的评估流程 没有真正的生命周期;本体重用程度低
七步法 有具体构建框架;可操作性强和效率高;可复用和完善的评估流程 缺乏对本体检查、评估及用户的反馈
), ArticleFig(id=1165198290493645378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106716610290299, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

State space of the disaster element

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概念 状态空间
环境 山洪泥石流易发区 不发生、小型、中型、大型、巨型
农作物田地 大规模、中等规模、小规模
水库 近距离、中等距离、远距离
文物古迹 高、中、低
危旧平房区 砖木结构、砌体结构、混凝土
结构、钢结构
未处理有害垃圾 重金属、有毒物质、
环境危害垃圾、其他垃圾
建筑工程区 临建设施、基坑设施、临时
用电、其他设施
地势/m 海拔>200、海拔200~100、
海拔100以下
设备
设施
交通设施 公路、铁路、航空、水路
水利设施 防洪设施、供水设施、水电设施
教育文化设施 学校、图书馆、博物馆、其他
电力设施 发电设施、变电设施、电力线
路设施、电力调度设施
医疗卫生设施 一级医院、二级医院、三级
医院、医疗个体
排水设施 排水管道、排水沟道、污水处理
邮电通讯设施 邮政、互联网、电话、广播电视
管理
因素
疏散方案 完整适用、部分可用、无
响应速度 快、一般、慢
救援效率 高效率、中等效率、低效率
人力
因素
教育程度 大学及以上、中学、小学及以下
自救能力 完全可以、需要帮助、完全不能
心理素质 较高、中等、较低
风险意识(领导) 敏锐、普通、淡薄
信息
因素
监控报警 有效、失效
通信服务 良好、受损
), ArticleFig(id=1165198290581725763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106716610290299, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

灾害要素的状态空间

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
概念 状态空间
环境 山洪泥石流易发区 不发生、小型、中型、大型、巨型
农作物田地 大规模、中等规模、小规模
水库 近距离、中等距离、远距离
文物古迹 高、中、低
危旧平房区 砖木结构、砌体结构、混凝土
结构、钢结构
未处理有害垃圾 重金属、有毒物质、
环境危害垃圾、其他垃圾
建筑工程区 临建设施、基坑设施、临时
用电、其他设施
地势/m 海拔>200、海拔200~100、
海拔100以下
设备
设施
交通设施 公路、铁路、航空、水路
水利设施 防洪设施、供水设施、水电设施
教育文化设施 学校、图书馆、博物馆、其他
电力设施 发电设施、变电设施、电力线
路设施、电力调度设施
医疗卫生设施 一级医院、二级医院、三级
医院、医疗个体
排水设施 排水管道、排水沟道、污水处理
邮电通讯设施 邮政、互联网、电话、广播电视
管理
因素
疏散方案 完整适用、部分可用、无
响应速度 快、一般、慢
救援效率 高效率、中等效率、低效率
人力
因素
教育程度 大学及以上、中学、小学及以下
自救能力 完全可以、需要帮助、完全不能
心理素质 较高、中等、较低
风险意识(领导) 敏锐、普通、淡薄
信息
因素
监控报警 有效、失效
通信服务 良好、受损
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暴雨洪水本体模型的可视化呈现与应急决策应用
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王潇 讲师 1 , 孙雨 1, ** , 黄昕桐 1 , 刘天奇 副教授 1 , 张国伟 副研究员 2
中国安全科学学报 | 防灾减灾技术与工程 2025,35(4): 227-232
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中国安全科学学报 | 防灾减灾技术与工程 2025, 35(4): 227-232
暴雨洪水本体模型的可视化呈现与应急决策应用
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王潇 讲师1 , 孙雨1, ** , 黄昕桐1, 刘天奇 副教授1, 张国伟 副研究员2
作者信息
  • 1 沈阳航空航天大学 安全工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110136
  • 2 沈阳工程学院 机械学院,辽宁 沈阳 110136
  • 王 潇 (1980—),女,辽宁沈阳人,博士,讲师,主要从事公共安全与应急管理方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

**孙 雨(2001—),女,辽宁东港人,硕士研究生,研究方向为公共安全与应急管理、地震风险管理。E-mail:
Visualization of flood and rainstorm model and application of emergency decision
Xiao WANG1 , Yu SUN1, ** , Xintong HUANG1, Tianqi LIU1, Guowei ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 Safety Engineering College,Shenyang Aerospace University,Shenyang Liaoning 110136,China
  • 2 Machinery College, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang Liaoning 110136, China
出版时间: 2025-04-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.0686
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为减少暴雨和洪水灾害带来的各种风险,提出暴雨洪水灾害风险本体模型。从环境因素、设备设施因素、管理因素、人力因素、信息因素5个方面识别暴雨洪水灾害风险要素,分别给出暴雨洪水类、状态空间的概念,定义各个灾害要素的数据属性和对象属性,并基于Protégé应用程序实现暴雨洪水本体模型的可视化。结果表明:暴雨洪水本体模型可清晰准确地表达风险要素和属性,并科学快速地检索出风险要素之间的联系,从而帮助决策者有效作出响应。为暴雨洪水灾害风险评估提供数据存储和检索平台,能够实现用户知识重用和共享,同时也为政府和应急管理主管部门的应急处置和科学决策提供参考。

暴雨洪水  /  本体模型  /  可视化  /  应急决策  /  Protégé应用程序

In order to reduce the various risks associated with storm and flood hazards,an ontology model of storm and flood hazard risk is proposed. Storm and flood disaster risk elements were identified from five aspects:environmental factors,equipment and facility factors,management factors,human factors,and information factors. The concepts of storm flood class and state space were given respectively,and data attributes and object attributes of each hazard element are defined. And visualization of the storm flood ontology model based on Protégé application. The results show that the storm and flood ontology model can express the risk elements and attributes clearly and accurately,and retrieve the links between the risk elements scientifically and quickly,so as to help the decision-makers respond effectively. Providing a data storage and retrieval platform for heavy rainfall and flood disaster risk assessment,it can realize user knowledge reuse and sharing,and provide a reference for emergency response and scientific decision-making by the government and emergency management authorities at the same time.

torrential rain flooding  /  ontology model  /  emergency decision-making  /  visualization  /  Protégé application
王潇 讲师, 孙雨, 黄昕桐, 刘天奇 副教授, 张国伟 副研究员. 暴雨洪水本体模型的可视化呈现与应急决策应用. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (4) : 227 -232 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.0686
Xiao WANG, Yu SUN, Xintong HUANG, Tianqi LIU, Guowei ZHANG. Visualization of flood and rainstorm model and application of emergency decision[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (4) : 227 -232 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.0686
在全球气候变化的背景下,暴雨和洪水灾害已经成为最严重的自然灾害。其本身和可能引发的各种次生灾害随时威胁着人们的生命健康、财产安全和社会的稳定与发展。因此,有必要分析暴雨和洪水灾害风险评价及应急决策的应用研究。
学者们针对暴雨洪水风险辨识、评价与决策方面开展了大量的研究。如ORRU等[1]基于动态情景的社会脆弱性分析框架,实现灾害突发时的规划和响应。CHEN Yanping等[2]提出基于迭代降噪自编码器的洪水综合损失评估模型,展现灾害指标之间的复杂关系,并优化灾害评估法。LEI Tianjie等[3]提出基于卫星遥感、无人机遥感和现场测量联合技术的空地综合方法,并提供不同时空尺度下洪水灾害信息,提高了洪水灾害监测和评估的准确性。YU Shuangrui等[4]提出具有复原能力和安全因素的城市防灾双重维度的评价模型,建立了城市暴雨洪灾适应力评价指标体系。XU Fugang等[5]基于频率比模型法和模糊综合评价方法,评价了地质灾害的风险和脆弱性。张会等[6]探讨了基于危险性-暴露性-脆弱性城市洪涝风险评估框架,梳理了城市洪涝风险评价主要研究方法的优缺点,提出城市洪涝风险评估的主要发展趋势。WANG Qiyuan等[7]以不同的持续时间和重现期构建各种暴雨情景,结合暴雨强度、环境因素和二次地质灾害的发生过程,逐步计算二次地质灾害的易化率和强度。CHEN Xiaobo等[8]以技术、组织、社会和经济为框架,建立一个城市水灾弹性评估模型,并评估了城市的洪水恢复力。SUN Zuo 等[9]提出基于投影追踪和模糊聚类分析的风险评价方法,确定了洪水灾害风险水平。MADHURI等[10]基于机器学习方法结合遥感与地理信息系统进行洪水敏感性映射,以建立坡度、距离、地表温度等地理空间数据库,并预测未来洪水的风险概率范围。
综上所述,现有文献大部分基于评价指标体系、特定的灾害场景或建立的模型分析暴雨洪水风险评估,忽视了灾害要素之间的内部关联,同时,灾害数据缺乏综合协调管理的现象。鉴于此,笔者拟基于本体理论与方法,运用突发事件分析的要素-对象-结果(Element-Object-Consequence,EOC)风险概念模型[11],将暴雨洪水灾害相关概念和灾害要素参数化。同时描述暴雨洪水灾害要素的属性以及案例,并基于Protégé 应用程序将暴雨洪水灾害本体可视化。同时,依据可视化图明晰各个灾害要素之间的关系,以期实现暴雨洪水灾害数据的综合协调管理和有效利用。
本体构建主要有手工构建、复用已有本体和自动构建本体3种方式。几种手动构建本体模型方法的优缺点见表1。通过对比,选取七步法作为构建暴雨洪水灾害本体的方法。
根据暴雨洪水本体模型的研究范畴,选取灾害要素,列出相应的类、状态空间、灾害属性,给出状态空间实例,并基于Protégé应用程序将本体模型可视化。暴雨洪水本体构建流程如图1所示。
灾害风险评估是评估灾害系统的风险,即分别评估孕灾环境稳定性(灾害是否易于发生)、致灾因子危险性(灾害发生的概率、强度和频率)、承灾体易损性(特征的评价和抗灾能力的分析)。其中,承载体脆弱性的来源分为物理脆弱性(结构脆弱性)、经济脆弱性、社会脆弱性和环境脆弱性。因此,结合历史资料统计方法、野外调查法和模拟试验法等选取灾害要素状态空间的风险因素,灾害要素的状态空间见表2
基于Protégé应用程序和灾害要素构建本体类,用以描述暴雨洪水所有风险情景,同时,通过Protégé应用程序的“Ontograf”模块构建类的可视化实例图。依据暴雨洪水灾害要素快速生成网络可视化知识图谱,并明确追溯子类要素的各种从属关系。可视化表达示例如图2所示。
绘制添加实例后的暴雨洪水灾害风险可视化示例图,如图3所示。
将选取的暴雨洪水灾害要素知识元表示为:
A n = { ( A i a i ) }
式中:n为灾害要素的序号或名称;Ai为灾害要素的属性;i为第i个要素属性;ai为要素属性的状态空间。
为展示基于EOC模型的暴雨洪水案例概念的知识结构转化,以环境类风险因素为例,将个别子类风险要素参数化,如下式。其中,Ge表示价值和抵御能力的数值范围限制, E B 4表示文物古迹。
A E B 4 = ( G e = [ 0.26,0.58,1 ] ) ( G e = [ 0.26,0.58,1 ] )
将其他灾害要素按照同样的方法参数化。根据风险要素之间的关系,将对象属性设定为种属关系、放大关系、实例关系等。以环境要素为例,生成的对象属性可视化示例如图4所示。
结合历史灾害数据、国家灾害年鉴和洪水灾害事故报告,形式化描述暴雨洪水灾害类、类的状态空间及类的数据属性和对象属性关系,构建暴雨洪水灾害事故本体模型,并在Protégé上应用可视化本体模型,以实现快速检索功能,示例如图5所示。
图5a可以看出,各级子类之间的层次关系;图5b可更加直观地获取灾害要素之间的联系。在暴雨洪水灾害发生时,决策者依据该本体模型的可视化图,易于获取灾情信息和发现灾情的规律、趋势和异常,从而快速准确地作出应急决策并实施行动。
结合本体模型构建的可视化图,可为应急决策者提供以下支持:
1) 致灾因子、承灾体和孕灾环境的监测预警。监测预警系统从多途径、多层次采集致灾因子、承灾体和孕灾环境的动态数据,由传输设备将采集的图像、水位等数据传输到监控中心,决策者通过可视化图获悉采集的数据并进行分析,判断是否存在安全隐患。当出现警情时发出预警,以引起有关人员或全社会警惕,做好防范准备。
2) 在风险分析的基础上开展致灾因子评估、脆弱性评估、抗灾能力和灾后恢复能力的评估。根据风险评估结果,选择并制定风险减缓的应急决策措施,并评估决策的可行性、科学性,在确定决策的合理性后进行决策的开展与实施,同时,结合可视化图对决策实施过程进行监控和信息反馈。
3) 加快基础设施建设,确保承灾体设施质量。统筹规划和建设城市供水、排水、生活垃圾和污水处理等基础设施,在暴雨洪水本体模型可视化图中,可辅助决策者确保城市排水畅通,减轻内涝风险。同时,建立健全安全的、高效的现代化电网,并完善应急指挥通信网络系统,以提高抢险救灾效率,保障处置现场与应急指挥部之间的联系不中断。
4) 培养专业的应急人才、扩大救援队伍规模及完善医疗卫生设施。结合可视化图,决策者可直观地看到抢险队伍的设施装备和人员数量等信息,根据洪水的发展趋势,快速合理地分配救援队伍,提高救援的精准度与救援效率。
1) 依据选取的灾害要素的多个状态空间、构建的暴雨洪水灾害类和灾害属性,能够实现对洪涝灾害脆弱性评估相关的多源异构数据的统一存储、管理和有效利用。
2) 通过构建暴雨洪水本体模型,并结合Protégé应用程序使本体模型可视化,有助于决策者在暴雨洪水灾害突发时精准找到需要控制的灾害要素,减少应急处置的决策时间。
3) 未来研究可结合洪水灾害实例,并根据实例的地理位置信息,将水文水系和地形因素等风险因素考虑在内,进一步完善本体模型。
  • 辽宁省社会科学基金资助(L23BXW003)
  • 辽宁省经济社会发展研究课题(20251s1ybkt-067)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
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2025年第35卷第4期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.0686
  • 接收时间:2024-12-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-11
  • 修回日期:2025-02-12
基金
辽宁省社会科学基金资助(L23BXW003)
辽宁省经济社会发展研究课题(20251s1ybkt-067)
作者信息
    1 沈阳航空航天大学 安全工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110136
    2 沈阳工程学院 机械学院,辽宁 沈阳 110136

通讯作者:

**孙 雨(2001—),女,辽宁东港人,硕士研究生,研究方向为公共安全与应急管理、地震风险管理。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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