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Article(id=1148106711681982585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106709542892487, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)04-0067-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.0331, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731168000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-10, revisedDate=1736697600000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659570856, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659570856, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659570856, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659570856, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106709542892487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659570346, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757560692417, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172857809499730113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106709542892487, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172857809499730114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106709542892487, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=67, endPage=75, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149757850337063894, articleId=1148106711681982585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Quantitative evaluation of oil-type gas emission risk in mine with coal-oil-gas coexistence, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the oil-type gas emission hazard in coal-oil-gas coexisting mines，a quantitative risk assessment technology has been proposed. Firstly，the stability of the coal seam roof and floor strata was identified as a key parameter for evaluating oil-type gas gushing. The horizontal resistivity distribution uniformity was used to characterize strata stability. A direct current resistivity method was employed to investigate the resistivity distribution characteristics of the roof and floor strata，and a dynamic quantitative detection method for strata stability based on the resistivity variation coefficient was proposed. Additionally，comprehensive consideration of geological structures was integrated，supplemented by static parameters such as mining-induced damage depth，mechanical properties，permeability of the strata，and fault structures. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on variable weight theory was employed to quantitatively calculate the weight of each factor relative to the evaluation indicators，thereby establishing a comprehensive quantitative evaluation method for oil-type gas gushing risks. Finally，the proposed method was applied to quantitatively assess the oil-type gas gushing risks in two typical areas of the Huangling mining area. The results align with field data from actual oil-type gas extraction boreholes，validating the method's reliability.

, correspAuthors=Liyuan YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Mingyao WEI, Haoqi HUANGFU, Kang GAO, Chunqin LU, Liyuan YU, Shigen FU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148106719613412292, articleId=1148106711681982585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=煤油气共生矿井油型气涌出危险性定量评价, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决煤油气共生矿井面临的油型气涌出灾害，提出油型气涌出危险性定量评价技术。首先将煤层顶底板岩层稳定性作为评价油型气涌出的关键参数，并以电阻率水平分布均匀度来表征岩层稳定性，采用直流电法探究顶底板岩层电阻率分布特征，提出基于岩层电阻率变异系数的岩层稳定性动态定量探测方法；同时，综合考虑地质结构的影响，辅以岩层采动破坏深度、力学参数、渗透性及断层构造等静态参数，并采用变权理论的层次分析法(AHP)定量计算出各因素对于评价指标的权重，进而提出油型气涌出危险性的综合定量评价方法；最后定量评价黄陵矿区2个典型区域的油型气涌出危险性，其结果与现场实际油型气抽采钻孔的抽采量数据一致。

, correspAuthors=蔚立元 研究员, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**蔚立元(1982—)，男，山东东平人，博士，研究员，主要从事岩石力学与地下工程方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail：。
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魏明尧 (1984—)，男，江苏徐州人，博士，副研究员，主要从事煤矿安全生产方面的研究工作。E-mail：。

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魏明尧 (1984—)，男，江苏徐州人，博士，副研究员，主要从事煤矿安全生产方面的研究工作。E-mail：。

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魏明尧 (1984—)，男，江苏徐州人，博士，副研究员，主要从事煤矿安全生产方面的研究工作。E-mail：。

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articleId=1148106711681982585, awardId=2023ZDPYTD04, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2023ZDPYTD04), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1165198237368590362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165198237397950491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, companyId=1165198237368590362, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Internet Application Technology on Mine，IoT Perception Mine Research Center，China University of Mining and Technology，Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116，China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165198237406339100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, companyId=1165198237368590362, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, 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figureFileBig=+ro6oS4zlvrX9bXKQMeu5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198240275243091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=CN, label=图1, caption=413瓦斯专用巷反掘底板视电阻率探测, figureFileSmall=WcByFXvHVLoaegmmJbdhdA==, figureFileBig=+ro6oS4zlvrX9bXKQMeu5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198240354934868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Apparent resistivity distribution in B2 roadway floor, figureFileSmall=DlJ+8tqaEjyBMFXfqVnPTQ==, figureFileBig=w6N8922Iyoi/IQUCWZEdbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198240401072213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=CN, label=图2, caption=北二巷道底板视电阻率探测, figureFileSmall=DlJ+8tqaEjyBMFXfqVnPTQ==, figureFileBig=w6N8922Iyoi/IQUCWZEdbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198240468181078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Resistivity probability distribution of normalized resistivity of different measuring points, figureFileSmall=cekhXZ9Gw1hFIJtvuSYluA==, figureFileBig=2YRKLW7PPcFm+tAzh0kd6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198240526901335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同测点电阻率归一化后的电阻率概率分布, figureFileSmall=cekhXZ9Gw1hFIJtvuSYluA==, figureFileBig=2YRKLW7PPcFm+tAzh0kd6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198240585621592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Resistivity distribution in different depths of floor in B2 auxiliary roadway, figureFileSmall=9ekpWyEkPhgldNc8l4mf8Q==, figureFileBig=RCtbO754wnVSaaDZhIMuMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198240631758937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=CN, label=图4, caption=北二辅运巷底板不同深度下电阻率分布, figureFileSmall=9ekpWyEkPhgldNc8l4mf8Q==, figureFileBig=RCtbO754wnVSaaDZhIMuMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198240707256410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Risk assessment system of oil-type gas emission, figureFileSmall=T9Zda+HXA7st7MHy7oM5PA==, figureFileBig=LfcNMxgGQ9UtGTJ7K6U5Qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198240753393755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=CN, label=图5, caption=油型气涌出危险性评价体系, figureFileSmall=T9Zda+HXA7st7MHy7oM5PA==, figureFileBig=LfcNMxgGQ9UtGTJ7K6U5Qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198240799531100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Framework of risk assessment software, figureFileSmall=UhEIZ0/rKYYiP/KhtHJ9Ng==, figureFileBig=VntfxNMXtiITDMR3k0sWoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198240841474141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=CN, label=图6, caption=危险性评价软件功能框架, figureFileSmall=UhEIZ0/rKYYiP/KhtHJ9Ng==, figureFileBig=VntfxNMXtiITDMR3k0sWoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198240904388702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Risk assessment software for oil-type gas gushing, figureFileSmall=oxtIRzcBFLKTf3RJiwGMsw==, figureFileBig=svOf38ZHjm+muCUB4YBFpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198240954720351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=CN, label=图7, caption=油型气涌出危险性评价软件界面, figureFileSmall=oxtIRzcBFLKTf3RJiwGMsw==, figureFileBig=svOf38ZHjm+muCUB4YBFpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198241009246304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Comparison of risk index and amount of drainage, figureFileSmall=RVzd+lCQSVr8eT/jo7lAxA==, figureFileBig=9lwGKDJrL7af8qrSClSt2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198241063772257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=CN, label=图8, caption=危险性指标与抽采纯量对比, figureFileSmall=RVzd+lCQSVr8eT/jo7lAxA==, figureFileBig=9lwGKDJrL7af8qrSClSt2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198241118298210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Resistivity data at different measuring points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域 平均值 标准差 变异系数
413工作面200 m 0.050 2 0.054 8 1.092 1
413工作面250 m 0.087 7 0.084 6 0.965 0
北二运输巷 0.065 1 0.077 5 1.190 3
北二辅运巷 0.063 4 0.075 1 1.184 8
), ArticleFig(id=1165198241185407075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同测点电阻率数据统计指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域 平均值 标准差 变异系数
413工作面200 m 0.050 2 0.054 8 1.092 1
413工作面250 m 0.087 7 0.084 6 0.965 0
北二运输巷 0.065 1 0.077 5 1.190 3
北二辅运巷 0.063 4 0.075 1 1.184 8
), ArticleFig(id=1165198241244127332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Weight matrix of various factors for oil-type gas emission

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素 电性 采动影响 渗透性 断层构造
电性 1 P12 P13 P14
采动影响 P21 1 P23 P24
渗透性 P31 P32 1 P34
断层构造 P41 P42 P43 1
), ArticleFig(id=1165198241290264677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

油型气涌出各因素权重矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素 电性 采动影响 渗透性 断层构造
电性 1 P12 P13 P14
采动影响 P21 1 P23 P24
渗透性 P31 P32 1 P34
断层构造 P41 P42 P43 1
), ArticleFig(id=1165198241353179238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Values of RI

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矩阵阶数 2 3 4 5 6
取值 0 0.52 0.89 1.12 1.26
), ArticleFig(id=1165198241411899495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

RI取值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矩阵阶数 2 3 4 5 6
取值 0 0.52 0.89 1.12 1.26
), ArticleFig(id=1165198241499979880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Oil type gas gushing index

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量区域 测量次序 油型气涌出危
险性评价指标
413巷道 第1次 0.19
第2次 0.34
第3次 0.15
第4次 0.13
第5次 0.18
北二巷道 第1次 0.20
第2次 0.31
第3次 0.49
第4次 0.48
第5次 0.59
第6次 0.31
第7次 0.54
), ArticleFig(id=1165198241546117225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

油型气涌出指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量区域 测量次序 油型气涌出危
险性评价指标
413巷道 第1次 0.19
第2次 0.34
第3次 0.15
第4次 0.13
第5次 0.18
北二巷道 第1次 0.20
第2次 0.31
第3次 0.49
第4次 0.48
第5次 0.59
第6次 0.31
第7次 0.54
), ArticleFig(id=1165198241588060266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Hazard classification of oil type gas gushing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
涌出危险性
评价指标Q		 涌出危险性类型
(0.0，0.2] 顶底板稳定，油型气涌出危险性低
(0.2，0.4] 顶底板较稳定，油型气涌出危险性较低
(0.4，0.7] 顶底板不稳定，存在断层
等地质构造，油型气涌出危险性高
(0.7，1.0] 顶底板极度不稳定，存在大尺度
断层构造，油型气涌出危险性高
), ArticleFig(id=1165198241646780523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106711681982585, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

油型气涌出危险性分类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
涌出危险性
评价指标Q		 涌出危险性类型
(0.0，0.2] 顶底板稳定，油型气涌出危险性低
(0.2，0.4] 顶底板较稳定，油型气涌出危险性较低
(0.4，0.7] 顶底板不稳定，存在断层
等地质构造，油型气涌出危险性高
(0.7，1.0] 顶底板极度不稳定，存在大尺度
断层构造，油型气涌出危险性高
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煤油气共生矿井油型气涌出危险性定量评价
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魏明尧 副研究员 1 , 皇甫昊棋 2 , 高康 2 , 陆春钦 2 , 蔚立元 研究员 3, ** , 付士根 教授级高级工程师 4
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025,35(4): 67-75
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025, 35(4): 67-75
煤油气共生矿井油型气涌出危险性定量评价
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魏明尧 副研究员1 , 皇甫昊棋2, 高康2, 陆春钦2, 蔚立元 研究员3, ** , 付士根 教授级高级工程师4
作者信息
  • 1 中国矿业大学 物联网(感知矿山)研究中心 矿山互联网应用技术国家地方联合工程实验室，江苏 徐州 221116
  • 2 中国矿业大学 安全工程学院，江苏 徐州221116
  • 3 中国矿业大学 深地工程智能建造与健康运维全国重点实验室，江苏 徐州 221116
  • 4 中国安全生产科学研究院，北京100012

    • 魏明尧 (1984—)，男，江苏徐州人，博士，副研究员，主要从事煤矿安全生产方面的研究工作。E-mail：。

通讯作者:

**蔚立元(1982—)，男，山东东平人，博士，研究员，主要从事岩石力学与地下工程方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail：。
Quantitative evaluation of oil-type gas emission risk in mine with coal-oil-gas coexistence
Mingyao WEI1 , Haoqi HUANGFU2, Kang GAO2, Chunqin LU2, Liyuan YU3, ** , Shigen FU4
Affiliations
  • 1 National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Internet Application Technology on Mine，IoT Perception Mine Research Center，China University of Mining and Technology，Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116，China
  • 2 School of Safety Engineering，China University of Mining and Technology，Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116，China
  • 3 State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering，China University of Mining and Technology，Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116，China
  • 4 China Academy of Safety Science and Technology，Beijing100012，China
出版时间: 2025-04-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.0331
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摘要
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为解决煤油气共生矿井面临的油型气涌出灾害，提出油型气涌出危险性定量评价技术。首先将煤层顶底板岩层稳定性作为评价油型气涌出的关键参数，并以电阻率水平分布均匀度来表征岩层稳定性，采用直流电法探究顶底板岩层电阻率分布特征，提出基于岩层电阻率变异系数的岩层稳定性动态定量探测方法；同时，综合考虑地质结构的影响，辅以岩层采动破坏深度、力学参数、渗透性及断层构造等静态参数，并采用变权理论的层次分析法(AHP)定量计算出各因素对于评价指标的权重，进而提出油型气涌出危险性的综合定量评价方法；最后定量评价黄陵矿区2个典型区域的油型气涌出危险性，其结果与现场实际油型气抽采钻孔的抽采量数据一致。

煤油气共生矿井  /  油型气  /  涌出危险性  /  定量评价  /  地质构造  /  电阻率  /  电法探测

To address the oil-type gas emission hazard in coal-oil-gas coexisting mines，a quantitative risk assessment technology has been proposed. Firstly，the stability of the coal seam roof and floor strata was identified as a key parameter for evaluating oil-type gas gushing. The horizontal resistivity distribution uniformity was used to characterize strata stability. A direct current resistivity method was employed to investigate the resistivity distribution characteristics of the roof and floor strata，and a dynamic quantitative detection method for strata stability based on the resistivity variation coefficient was proposed. Additionally，comprehensive consideration of geological structures was integrated，supplemented by static parameters such as mining-induced damage depth，mechanical properties，permeability of the strata，and fault structures. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on variable weight theory was employed to quantitatively calculate the weight of each factor relative to the evaluation indicators，thereby establishing a comprehensive quantitative evaluation method for oil-type gas gushing risks. Finally，the proposed method was applied to quantitatively assess the oil-type gas gushing risks in two typical areas of the Huangling mining area. The results align with field data from actual oil-type gas extraction boreholes，validating the method's reliability.

coal-oil-gas coexisting mines  /  oil-type gas  /  gas emission hazard  /  quantitative risk assessment  /  geologic structure  /  electrical resistivity  /  electrical detection
魏明尧 副研究员, 皇甫昊棋, 高康, 陆春钦, 蔚立元 研究员, 付士根 教授级高级工程师. 煤油气共生矿井油型气涌出危险性定量评价. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (4) : 67 -75 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.0331
Mingyao WEI, Haoqi HUANGFU, Kang GAO, Chunqin LU, Liyuan YU, Shigen FU. Quantitative evaluation of oil-type gas emission risk in mine with coal-oil-gas coexistence[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (4) : 67 -75 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.0331
正文
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0 引言
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煤油气共生矿井采场顶底板易发生油型气灾害，通常具有突发性、隐蔽性、涌出位置集中及涌出量大等特点[1]。油型气主要成分为CH4、C2H6、C3H8、C4H10、C5H12、N2[2]，极易引发火灾、爆炸等严重事故，已成为影响煤油气共生矿井安全高效开采的新致灾因素。
近年来在油型气领域的研究逐步深入，在煤型气和油型气分辨方面，韩中喜等[3]用天然气的汞含量作为判识煤型气和油型气的辅助参数。唐恩贤[4]通过陕西延安黄陵矿区不同位置气体的地球化学参数确定了底板涌出气体成因类型为油型气。孙四清等[5-6]分析了底板围岩应力、应变变化特征，得出底板油型气涌出特征。在油型气灾害治理方面，张俭让等[7-8]通过模拟不同油型气涌出位置CH4体积分数的分布特征，提出油型气涌出矿井局部通风优化方案。在油型气灾害防控方面，司俊鸿等[9]提出了基于CH4体积分数和采空区煤自燃联合防控的瓦斯-油型气混合气体爆炸预警技术。
当前研究聚焦于油型气涌出特征及原因分析以及油型气涌出后的综合治理，缺少油型气涌出危险性动态、定量的评估方法，仍面临难以高效防控等诸多问题与挑战。因此，笔者拟提出以岩层电阻率分布均匀度来表征岩层稳定性的定量计算方法，进而提出油型气涌出危险性评价技术，以期为油型气涌出防治提供科学依据。
1 油型气涌出危险性影响因素分析
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底板油型气向上运移的主要通道是地层中大量的断层和裂缝系统。煤层采动过程中，顶底板岩层在地应力、采动应力以及油型气压力等条件作用下发生变形破坏；当煤层采动破坏深度达到油型气储层时，形成贯通裂隙，为油型气涌出提供运移通道，在油型气储层压力梯度的作用下，最终导致油型气涌出[10-11]。采掘扰动扩大了地层流体间的压力差，并驱使砂岩层油气向采掘空间运移，是底板油型气涌出的工程诱导因素[12]。
1.1 采动对油型气涌出危险性的影响
油型气涌出受煤层采动影响尤为明显，煤层开采之前，煤层与周围岩体处于原始应力平衡的状态；煤层开采后，底板岩体受到破坏，其破坏程度与采动影响息息相关。采动影响煤层底板下伏岩层中的油型气，通过破碎岩层中的裂缝、裂隙进入开采工作面，造成油型气涌出量异常。煤层底板破坏效应主要取决于底板岩体的抗剪切破坏能力和采动应力效应，而这2方面因素与岩层的容重、弹性模量、泊松比、内摩擦角、黏聚力等力学参数密不可分[13]。故通过测定底板岩层力学参数，将底板破坏深度来表征岩层是否稳定，作为油型气涌出危险性评价的因素之一。
1.2 岩层渗透性对油型气涌出危险性的影响
当岩层存在连通的裂隙网络时，油型气即可通过裂隙流通通道涌入巷道内。对于低渗透性的岩层，油型气能够封闭在砂岩层内，无法涌出至采掘空间[6]。岩层的渗透性能决定了油型气的渗流速度，是决定油型气涌出量的重要控制参数，可以作为危险性评价中的一个重要因素。
1.3 断层构造对油型气涌出危险性的影响
煤田地质构造的不同部位、不同的力学性质和封闭情况，形成了有利于瓦斯赋存或排放的不同条件。同样油型气的赋存也受到地质构造的影响，封闭性断层构造有利于油型气聚集，开放性断层构造造成油型气逸散[4]。通过分析不同区域的地质条件，发现地质构造是油型气自然释放的主控因素[10]。断层构造对油型气的影响较大，开放性断层能够连通油型气储层，形成油型气运移和逸散的通道，造成油型气涌出风险增加。
2 基于岩层电性的稳定性评价
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2.1 直流电法现场探测技术
黄陵矿区作为我国典型的煤油气共生矿区，位于鄂尔多斯盆地南缘，侏罗系延安组富含煤炭资源，主采煤层为2号煤层，3号煤层局部可采，三叠系延长组富含油气资源。底板主要为1套灰色团块状粉砂质泥岩，有时含粉砂质、硅质、钙质、菱铁矿鲕粒，基本底岩性多为泥岩或粉砂岩。漫长地质演化过程中，延长组深部油气在构造运动作用下向上运移，该部分油气在煤层顶底板砂岩层中保存下来。虽然地球物理探测能够探明矿区的大构造、岩层、岩性等分布，但采区范围顶底板岩层的精细化结构仍不明确。
岩层电性作为地下勘探体积范围内岩性和地质构造的1种综合反映，以岩层导电性差异为基础，确定岩体物性和地质结构的特征，由此可以反映出岩层岩性和地质构造分布特征[14]。电法勘探能够解释工作面的内部构造，探测顶底板一定距离内的地质信息，如裂隙、断层等构造出现的地方会呈现出高阻。而岩层稳定性作为影响油型气涌出的重要因素，如果探测的岩层电阻率分布异常，表明：岩层存在裂隙或断层等地质结构，油型气能够通过渗流通道涌出至巷道，故油型气涌出危险性较大。所以电法探测技术作为有效探明岩层地质结构的方法，也可以将岩层电性作为油型气涌出危险性动态评估中的重要判识指标，采用电法实时探测油型气涌出危险性。
为探明该油型气富集区域的底板岩层分布特征，采用直流电法现场探测该区域底板电阻率，探测区域分别为矿区油型气危险性较小的413采区和油型气比较严重的北二盘区。在413瓦斯专用巷测量5次，平均间隔300m，图1为413瓦斯专用巷反掘底板视电阻率分布云图。根据2次直流电法探测结果可以看出，在距离反掘工作面200 m处和工作面位置250 m底板较近位置阻值较高，应为采动卸压影响区域。距离底板3~9 m为低阻层，岩层分布相对较平稳，结合该处附近地质钻孔信息与其他地质资料可推断该层位为泥岩层。此外12 m以下岩层阻值相对较高，岩层起伏较小。
二盘区北二巷道共测量7次，平均间隔200m，图2为北二运输巷和辅运巷底板视电阻率探测结果。可以看出整体电阻率分布明显不均匀，与413巷道存在显著差别。图2a表明：二盘区运输巷受采动影响，距离底板较近位置的电阻率值偏高，底板深部位置电阻率值较低。从底板下方呈现低电阻区，岩层电阻率值波动变化较大。图2b表明：辅运巷底板同样呈现整体电阻率分布不均匀。电阻率分布表明：存在部分孤立低阻区，形状类似透镜体，推测此孤立区为砂岩上倾尖灭端或砂岩透镜体。
2处电阻率分布明显不同，因此，统计4组电阻率的数据定量，并进行对比。首先将每个测点的电阻率数据归一化为0~1范围，然后统计电阻率各范围内的出现概率，得到结果如图3所示。413瓦斯专用巷底板电阻率分布范围较集中在0~0.3，而北二巷道范围为0~0.55。说明413瓦斯专用巷底板电阻率分布较均匀，而北二巷道波动性较大。
归一化后电阻率数据的数学统计指标见表1，413采区和北二盘区底板电阻率的变异系数(标准差与平均值比值)存在明显差别。变异系数表征了数据离散程度，值越大表明数据离散程度越大，因此，变异系数可以代表电阻率的波动性。
2.2 基于电阻率的岩层稳定性评价指标
油型气涌出与底板岩层稳定性密切相关，由此提出一种基于岩层电性参数的岩层稳定性计算方法。顶底板通常为沉积岩，同水平岩层的岩性基本相同，电阻率变化反应岩体破坏等状态。假设底板地层分为l层，地层电阻率分布为(Y1，Y2，…，Yl)，每层Yl由测定的单点电阻率值Xlk组成。以北二辅运巷底板不同深度下电阻率分布情况为例，电阻率分布如图4所示。可以看出，不同层位岩层的电阻率分布具有一定波动性，部分区域波动性较大，说明此区域岩体存在破裂或构造等异常。
基于每1层电阻率数据的分布特征，采用标准差衡量电阻率分布的离散程度，同时根据岩层的沉积性特点，提出单层电法变异系数Ui作为该岩层稳定性的电法评价指标。由于地质构造等电阻率异常范围通常较小，为突出小范围内的电阻率波动性，提出集中系数z。计算标准差时，将计算限定在z范围内，对每m号网格周围n号网格做1次计算后取均值，具体计算公式如下：
U j = ∑ m = 1 k ∑ n X j m - X j n m - n 2 T ( m - n < z )
式中：T为最大计算次数；j为底板岩层序号；k为水平距离测点序号；z可取最远有效距离网格数的1/10，且z能够反映电阻率特定区域波动程度，电阻率异常时更加敏感。
3 油型气涌出危险性定量评价
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3.1 影响因素变权重计算
煤油气共生矿井油型气涌出受到岩层稳定性、岩层渗透率和断层构造等因素影响，各因素对油型气涌出的影响程度不同，因此，在涌出危险性评价指标的权重不同。
静态的常权评价方法受个人主观判断干扰，指标权重往往过于片面，不变的权重在评价中也无法起到好的效果[15]。所以采用变权综合权重改进主观静态赋权的评价方法。变权的目的就是根据因素状态之间的均衡水平调整各因素在综合决策中的作用。所以油型气涌出危险性评价的基本思路为：首先通过主观赋权方法获得指标的初始权重值，再构造均衡函数，通过常权向量到变权向量的转化最终得到合理的各因素权重值。
采用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process，AHP)构建油型气涌出影响因素的危险性评价体系，如图5所示，将综合评价指标划分为A层目标层、B层指标层2个层次。
根据现场油型气治理经验，专家打分得到每2个指标相比的重要程度 P i j， P i j取值范围从1/9~9之间。其中，1表示2个元素相比，具有相同的重要性；3表示前者比后者稍重要；5表示前者比后者明显重要；7表示前者比后者强烈重要；9表示前者比后者极端重要；其他数值表示介于相邻重要等级之间。得到的各影响因素权重矩阵见表2。
为防止出现各个因素之间出现不协调的情况，将各因素判断矩阵一致性检验[16]，检查所构造的判断矩阵是否符合一致性要求，即矩阵中每个元素之间的关系应该是一致的。根据各因素判断矩阵的最大特征值λmax，计算一致性指标CI (Consistency Index)[17]：
C I = λ m a x - s s - 1
式中s为矩阵阶数。然后计算一致性比率CR(Consistency Ratio)。当CR小于0.1时，则认为因素矩阵通过一致性检验，否则需要重新调整判断矩阵直至满足于条件。评估中判断s存在不同的情况，为保证衡量每个判断矩阵CI的标准一致，定义随机一致性指标CR：
C R = C I R I
式中RI为平均随机一致性指标(Random Consistency Index)，其与因素判断矩阵阶数有关，一般取值见表3。
判断矩阵一致性检验通过后采用萨蒂(Saaty)根方计算[15]，将各因素权重矩阵的每行单元连乘，再将乘积开s次方得到单因素权重wi，最后对其归一化处理后，所求的特征向量即初始常权向量矩阵记为Aj，具体计算步骤如下：
w i = ∏ j = 1 s P i j n ∑ i = 1 ∏ j = 1 s P i j n s ， ( i = 1，2 ， … ， s )
A j = ( w 1 ， w 2 ， … ， w i ) ， ( j = 1，2 ， … ， s )
确定常权向量后，引入变权综合评价方法。由于指标的不均衡性，选取激励型状态变权的对数函数作为均衡函数对超出水平阈值的参数值调整[18]，确定状态影响量S为：
S i = 2 - l o g b x i ， x i > b 1 ， x i ≤ b
S i = ( S 1 ， S 2 ， … ， S i ) ， ( i = 1，2 ， … ， s )
式中：b为调整水平阈值； x i为影响因素参数值。
最后将所求出的常权向量Aj与均衡函数进行逐元素乘积变权，归一化后得到变权后的影响因素权重向量W：
W = A 1 · S 1 ∑ A j S j ， A 2 · S 2 ∑ A j S j ， … ， A n · S n ∑ A j S j ， ( j = 1，2 ， … ， n )
3.2 评价指标计算方法
油型气涌出危险性的判识指标可分为动态指标和静态指标。其中动态指标为基于随掘探测的实时电阻率分布的岩层稳定性指标，静态指标为岩层破坏深度、渗透率、断层构造等更新频率较小的参数，指标计算方法如下：
1) 通过底板不同岩层的电阻率分布来表征该区域岩层稳定性情况，将该探测区域内的电性参数值D定义为所有单层电法变异系数的平均值：
D = ∑ U t t
式中t为总岩层划分总数量。
2) 岩层采动影响参数首先是通过塑性理论计算底板岩体的最大破坏深度h[19]：
h = x α c o s φ 0 2 c o s π 4 + φ 0 2   e x p π 4 + φ 0 2 t a n φ 0
式中： φ 0为煤层内摩擦角，(°)； x α为煤层屈服区长度，m。
最后岩层力学参数计算采动影响参数值g[19]：
g = 10 h E 0.5 · 4 C m 0.3 · 5 G 0.2
式中：E为岩层弹性模量，Pa；Cm为岩层黏聚力，Pa；G为岩层抗拉强度，Pa。
3) 岩层渗透性参数值根据现场岩样的渗透率值测定结果确定，并根据低渗、中渗、高渗、特高渗4个区间划分取值。
4) 断层构造参数值根据实际地质情况取0或1，以此表示断层构造存在或不存在，可根据现场钻孔探测及地质资料获取。
5) 最后将影响因素以向量形式η表示，η包括电性参数值、采动影响参数值、渗透性参数值、断层构造参数值。由式(2)—式(8)变权重计算得到影响因素的权重向量W，则定量评价指标Q：
Q = η · W
3.3 危险性评价指标计算软件
为方便数据采集工作后的数据处理，基于以上计算方法，编写油型气涌出危险性评价软件。软件包含油型气涌出危险性的各项危险因素计算和定量评价指标的显示框架，主要功能框架如图6所示。
软件主界面如图7a所示，主要由结果显示区、电法功能区、岩层参数设置、参数权重修改以及计算功能区组成。在计算功能区中，通过式(1)和式(9)计算得出电法评价指标。岩层参数设定界面如图7b所示，通过设置底板岩层层数以及各岩层参数构建地质数值模型。计算功能区涵盖基于电法探测数据的指标计算、基于岩层参数的破坏深度计算功能以及通过式(8)—式(12)实现的油型气涌出危险性定量评价指标计算功能。
4 涌出危险性定量评价工程应用
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4.1 工程现场探测及评价
通过黄陵2号煤矿413巷道及北二巷道底板岩样测定相应的电阻率、力学和渗流参数，并根据岩层电法探测和断层构造等条件确立评价参数取值，综合考虑以上影响因素及其耦合关系，综合评价2个区域油型气涌出危险性。各指标的权重分别按照图7c计算结果，其中电法探测数据权重为0.507，其权重最大，表明评价结果仍以现场实时探测数据为主要依据。其次，地质构造指标权重为0.209，这能够反映现场断层构造诱发的大量油型气快速涌出灾害的危险性。因此，提出的油型气涌出危险性评价指标主要依据实时测量数据为基础，能够准确定量的评价现场的油型气危险性。
根据413巷道5次和北二巷道的7次测定数据，计算得到不同区域油型气涌出危险性评价指标，见表4。
评价指标结果表明：413巷道区域范围内油型气涌出危险性均较低。北二巷道区域的电阻率波动较大，地质结构变化明显。由危险性指标表明：此区域底板构造复杂，油型气涌出量高。根据油型气涌出评价指标的大小分类，见表5。
为对比验证评价指标准确性，采集现场底板油型气抽采钻孔的抽采流量和浓度数据，计算得到探测区域的油型气抽采纯量。由于抽采钻孔长度和布置参数不同，离散性较大，故采用多个钻场内平均钻孔抽采量对比。北二巷道6个钻场共25个钻孔，413巷道4个钻场18个钻孔。统计各钻孔1天抽采量和抽采浓度数据，计算出平均油型气抽采速率。油型气涌出危险性评价指标与钻孔油型气的平均抽采量数据对比结果如图8所示，两者变化基本一致。在北二巷道的油型气抽采存量在0.007~0.086 m3/min之间，而413巷道抽采存量在0.004~0.032 m3/min之间，整体上北二巷道油型气抽采量要大于413巷道。计算出的油型气涌出危险性指标也存在同样趋势，表明油型气涌出危险性评价方法具有较高的准确性。
4.2 油型气涌出特征讨论
现场不同区域探测及评价结果表明：煤油气共生矿井油型气涌出与地层结构密切相关。地质结构的完整性和连通性决定油型气的涌出方式和路径。在油型气涌出量较小的413采区，电法探测结果表明：底板存在一层低阻岩层，推断为电阻率较低的泥岩层。泥岩具有低渗特点，能够阻隔油型气涌向采掘空间。因此，如果顶底板存在足够厚度的泥岩层，并且采动过程未造成泥岩层破坏和导通，这种情况油型气涌出危险性就较低。北二区域电法探测结果显示无低阻泥岩层，岩层高低阻交错，但整体电阻率较高，推测为油型气高富集区域的砂岩层，部分高阻异常体推断为破碎岩体，并且电阻率波动较大，地质结构变化明显，岩层稳定性较差，由危险性指标可知：此区域底板构造复杂，油型气涌出危险性高。油型气大量涌出造成巷道瓦斯体积分数达到0.2%，明显高于其他区域。
5 结论
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1) 岩层电阻率波动较大区域是由岩体破裂或构造等地质异常引起，是煤油气共生矿井油型气涌出的直接影响因素。
2) 采用AHP法计算岩层破坏深度、渗透率、断层构造等油型气涌出因素的权重系数，结合电法探测结果，提出油型气涌出危险性定量评价方法。根据油型气涌出危险程度，划分不同评价指标范围所对应的危险等级，并开发油型气涌出危险性评价软件，实现数据处理及结果可视化。
3) 实时电法探测能够辨别泥岩和砂岩层的层位，揭示泥岩层阻隔油型气涌出机制，具有随掘随探和实时动态评价的优势。煤油气共生矿井油型气涌出危险性定量评价技术能够为油型气涌出防治提供可靠依据，预防油型气涌出造成的灾害风险。该定量评价技术同样适用于瓦斯、水、地压等岩层失稳造成的灾害，如邻近层瓦斯涌出、顶底板突水等灾害。
基金
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  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0128300)
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2025年第35卷第4期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.0331
  • 接收时间：2024-11-10
  • 首发时间：2025-07-05
  • 出版时间：2025-04-28
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  • 收稿日期：2024-11-10
  • 修回日期：2025-01-13
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0128300)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2023ZDPYTD04)
作者信息
    1 中国矿业大学 物联网(感知矿山)研究中心 矿山互联网应用技术国家地方联合工程实验室，江苏 徐州 221116
    2 中国矿业大学 安全工程学院，江苏 徐州221116
    3 中国矿业大学 深地工程智能建造与健康运维全国重点实验室，江苏 徐州 221116
    4 中国安全生产科学研究院，北京100012

通讯作者:

**蔚立元(1982—)，男，山东东平人，博士，研究员，主要从事岩石力学与地下工程方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail：。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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