Article(id=1148106709656138706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106708670477182, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)03-0019-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.0931, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729353600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-20, revisedDate=1735056000000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659570372, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1743091200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659570372, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659570372, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659570372, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106708670477182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='268', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659570138, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401518130, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190184155238915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106708670477182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190184155238916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106708670477182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=19, endPage=27, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149767557181260266, articleId=1148106709656138706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Research on influence of safety motivation on construction workers' safety behavior based on AMO-SDT, columnId=1149733271128420907, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety social science and safety management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to examine how construction workers' safety motivation affects their behavior,SDT was used to divide the safety motivation into two types: autonomous and controlled. Subsequently,a hypothetical model linking workers' safety motivation,opportunity,ability,and behavior was constructed by integrating the analytical framework of the AMO theory. Finally,469 frontline construction workers were taken as the research subjects for data collection,and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for hypothesis testing and empirical analysis. The results show that the autonomous safety motivation of construction workers is significantly positively correlated with safety behavior,and the controlled safety motivation of construction workers is significantly negatively correlated with safety behavior. Safety motivation and safety competence play a positive moderating role between workers' autonomous safety motivation and safety behavior,while they show a significant negative moderating relationship between workers' controlled safety motivation and safety behavior.

, correspAuthors=Suyuan ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Su YANG, Wenbao YAO, Ting WANG, Baoquan CHENG, Suyuan ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148106714190180745, articleId=1148106709656138706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=基于AMO-SDT的建筑工人安全动机对其安全行为的影响研究, columnId=1149733271296193071, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全社会科学与安全管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究建筑工人的安全动机对其安全行为的影响,首先基于自我决定理论(SDT),将工人安全动机解构为自主安全动机、受控安全动机;然后结合能力-动机-机会(AMO)理论的整合性分析框架,建立工人安全动机、安全机会、安全能力与安全行为之间的关系假设模型;最后以469名一线建筑工人为研究对象收集数据,采用结构方程模型(SEM)检验与实证分析假设。研究表明:建筑工人自主安全动机与安全行为显著正相关,建筑工人受控安全动机与安全行为显著负相关;安全能力和安全机会在工人自主安全动机与安全行为间发挥正向调节作用,而在工人受控安全动机与安全行为间表现为显著的负向调节关系。

, correspAuthors=朱素媛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 朱素媛(1973—),女,天津人,硕士,讲师,主要从事信息管理方面的研究。E-mail:
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杨 苏 (1981—),女,安徽合肥人,博士,教授,主要从事工程项目管理、建筑工人安全行为等方面的研究。E-mail:

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2 阜阳师范大学 安徽省农民工研究中心,安徽 阜阳 236041, bio={"content":"

杨 苏 (1981—),女,安徽合肥人,博士,教授,主要从事工程项目管理、建筑工人安全行为等方面的研究。E-mail:

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杨 苏 (1981—),女,安徽合肥人,博士,教授,主要从事工程项目管理、建筑工人安全行为等方面的研究。E-mail:

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Safety and Environmental Engineering, 2023, 30(6): 73-80., articleTitle=Stochastic evolution game analysis of safety behavior of construction workers in the construction industry based on the Moran process, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1165678306172088494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, awardId=72171237, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助(72171237), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1165678306222420144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, awardId=FSKFKT028D, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽省级科研平台开放课题(FSKFKT028D), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1165678302573375543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165678302581764152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, companyId=1165678302573375543, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Economics and Management,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei Anhui 230022,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165678302590152761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, companyId=1165678302573375543, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 安徽建筑大学 经济与管理学院,安徽 合肥 230022)]), AuthorCompany(id=1165678302648873018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165678302653067323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, companyId=1165678302648873018, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Anhui Migrant Workers Research Center,Fuyang Normal University,Fuyang Anhui 236041,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165678302661455932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, companyId=1165678302648873018, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 阜阳师范大学 安徽省农民工研究中心,安徽 阜阳 236041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1165678302745342013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165678302753730622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, companyId=1165678302745342013, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410083,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165678302757924927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, companyId=1165678302745342013, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中南大学 土木工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1165678304330788983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Safety motivation-action model based on AMO-SDT, figureFileSmall=TOl0jhT3fG78UvQ63ZXJiQ==, figureFileBig=lqg5A0/JEK+6/YX2jV+ZeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678304406286459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于AMO-SDT的安全动机-行为模型, figureFileSmall=TOl0jhT3fG78UvQ63ZXJiQ==, figureFileBig=lqg5A0/JEK+6/YX2jV+ZeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678304502755453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Moderating effect of safety ability on autonomous safety motivation and safety behavior, figureFileSmall=lRF1x1LzYHZh8zI9fHeDXQ==, figureFileBig=T5eCQUXYm6FEsy6KA3yGIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678304553087105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=CN, label=图2, caption=安全能力对自主安全动机与安全行为影响的调节作用, figureFileSmall=lRF1x1LzYHZh8zI9fHeDXQ==, figureFileBig=T5eCQUXYm6FEsy6KA3yGIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678304616001666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Moderating effect of safety opportunity on autonomous safety motivation and safety behavior, figureFileSmall=cZ0m+uMIRHLESy8PwhZXcA==, figureFileBig=GVGLFH5PHsWQ1OpYhI02bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678304695693443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=CN, label=图3, caption=安全机会对自主安全动机与安全行为影响的调节作用, figureFileSmall=cZ0m+uMIRHLESy8PwhZXcA==, figureFileBig=GVGLFH5PHsWQ1OpYhI02bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678304741830789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Moderating effect of safety ability on controlled safety motivation and safety behavior, figureFileSmall=s+sPnmqfR2AhiIEOaaMosQ==, figureFileBig=thCoSMh1MX1Y8nOkt6pzHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678304787968134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=CN, label=图4, caption=安全能力对受控安全动机与安全行为影响的调节作用, figureFileSmall=s+sPnmqfR2AhiIEOaaMosQ==, figureFileBig=thCoSMh1MX1Y8nOkt6pzHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678304834105480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Moderating effect of safety opportunity on controlled safety motivation and safety behavior, figureFileSmall=rk01BzE5xQmjjvClcmlTmQ==, figureFileBig=oreyms/gQ0mceBzjoDmtDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678304897020042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=CN, label=图5, caption=安全机会对受控安全动机与安全行为影响的调节作用, figureFileSmall=rk01BzE5xQmjjvClcmlTmQ==, figureFileBig=oreyms/gQ0mceBzjoDmtDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165678304938963084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Reliability analysis result of questionnaire

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
总体
Cronbach's Alpha
变量 Cronbach's Alpha
0.911 自主安全动机 0.865
受控安全动机 0.856
安全能力 0.865
安全机会 0.878
安全行为 0.857
), ArticleFig(id=1165678304997683342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查问卷的信度分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
总体
Cronbach's Alpha
变量 Cronbach's Alpha
0.911 自主安全动机 0.865
受控安全动机 0.856
安全能力 0.865
安全机会 0.878
安全行为 0.857
), ArticleFig(id=1165678305048014992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

KMO and Bartlett's test of sphericity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检验项目 检验值
KMO度量 0.917
Bartlett球形度检验 近似卡方 3 714.016
自由度 190
显著性 0.000
), ArticleFig(id=1165678305102540946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

KMO和Bartlett球形度检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检验项目 检验值
KMO度量 0.917
Bartlett球形度检验 近似卡方 3 714.016
自由度 190
显著性 0.000
), ArticleFig(id=1165678305173844116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Validity analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 标准化因子负荷量 AVE CR
自主安全动机 0.758~0.798 0.615 0.865
受控安全动机 0.732~0.795 0.599 0.857
安全能力 0.743~0.809 0.617 0.866
安全机会 0.765~0.831 0.644 0.879
安全行为 0.761~0.801 0.600 0.857
), ArticleFig(id=1165678305249341590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

效度分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 标准化因子负荷量 AVE CR
自主安全动机 0.758~0.798 0.615 0.865
受控安全动机 0.732~0.795 0.599 0.857
安全能力 0.743~0.809 0.617 0.866
安全机会 0.765~0.831 0.644 0.879
安全行为 0.761~0.801 0.600 0.857
), ArticleFig(id=1165678305299673240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Model fitness indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拟合系数 适配标准 模型结果 适配判断
CMIN/df <3 1.235
GFI >0.9 0.971
AGFI >0.9 0.956
RMSEA <0.08 0.026
CFI >0.9 0.994
NFI >0.9 0.969
TLI >0.9 0.992
), ArticleFig(id=1165678305379365017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

模型适配度指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拟合系数 适配标准 模型结果 适配判断
CMIN/df <3 1.235
GFI >0.9 0.971
AGFI >0.9 0.956
RMSEA <0.08 0.026
CFI >0.9 0.994
NFI >0.9 0.969
TLI >0.9 0.992
), ArticleFig(id=1165678305442279579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Path analysis and standardized path coefficients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径 路径系数 SE C.R. P
自主安全动机→
安全行为
0.402 0.071 5.662 0.000
受控安全动机→
安全行为
-0.258 0.069 -3.766 0.000
受控安全动机→
自主安全动机
-0.464 0.064 -7.293 0.000
), ArticleFig(id=1165678305500999836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

路径分析与标准化路径系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径 路径系数 SE C.R. P
自主安全动机→
安全行为
0.402 0.071 5.662 0.000
受控安全动机→
安全行为
-0.258 0.069 -3.766 0.000
受控安全动机→
自主安全动机
-0.464 0.064 -7.293 0.000
), ArticleFig(id=1165678305568108702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Hierarchical regression results in model 1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Coeff SE t检验 P LLCI ULCI
Constant 3.234 0.049 66.423 0.000 3.138 3.330
自主安全动机 0.272 0.051 5.367 0.000 0.173 0.372
安全能力 0.335 0.050 6.695 0.000 0.236 0.433
Int_1 0.111 0.045 2.447 0.015 0.022 0.200
R2 0.298
F 48.490***
), ArticleFig(id=1165678305631023264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

模型1调节效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Coeff SE t检验 P LLCI ULCI
Constant 3.234 0.049 66.423 0.000 3.138 3.330
自主安全动机 0.272 0.051 5.367 0.000 0.173 0.372
安全能力 0.335 0.050 6.695 0.000 0.236 0.433
Int_1 0.111 0.045 2.447 0.015 0.022 0.200
R2 0.298
F 48.490***
), ArticleFig(id=1165678305714909347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Model 2 analysis of regulatory effects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Coeff SE t检验 P LLCI ULCI
Constant 3.232 0.048 67.717 0.000 3.138 3.325
自主安全动机 0.236 0.050 4.687 0.000 0.137 0.334
安全机会 0.361 0.045 7.991 0.000 0.272 0.449
Int_1 0.113 0.045 2.508 0.013 0.024 0.201
R2 0.338
F 58.070***
), ArticleFig(id=1165678305782018213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

模型2调节效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Coeff SE t检验 P LLCI ULCI
Constant 3.232 0.048 67.717 0.000 3.138 3.325
自主安全动机 0.236 0.050 4.687 0.000 0.137 0.334
安全机会 0.361 0.045 7.991 0.000 0.272 0.449
Int_1 0.113 0.045 2.508 0.013 0.024 0.201
R2 0.338
F 58.070***
), ArticleFig(id=1165678305882681510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Model 3 analysis of regulatory effects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Coeff SE t检验 P LLCI ULCI
Constant 3.235 0.049 66.242 0.000 3.139 3.331
受控安全动机 -0.209 0.051 -4.067 0.000 -0.310 -0.108
安全能力 0.370 0.050 7.445 0.000 0.272 0.468
Int_1 -0.127 0.049 -2.612 0.009 -0.222 -0.031
R2 0.275
F 43.311***
), ArticleFig(id=1165678305941401768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

模型3调节效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Coeff SE t检验 P LLCI ULCI
Constant 3.235 0.049 66.242 0.000 3.139 3.331
受控安全动机 -0.209 0.051 -4.067 0.000 -0.310 -0.108
安全能力 0.370 0.050 7.445 0.000 0.272 0.468
Int_1 -0.127 0.049 -2.612 0.009 -0.222 -0.031
R2 0.275
F 43.311***
), ArticleFig(id=1165678306008510634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Model 4 analysis of regulatory effects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Coeff SE t检验 P LLCI ULCI
Constant 3.199 0.048 66.095 0.000 3.104 3.294
受控安全动机 -0.132 0.052 -2.537 0.012 -0.235 -0.030
安全机会 0.394 0.046 8.512 0.000 0.303 0.486
Int_1 -0.174 0.043 -4.077 0.000 -0.258 -0.090
R2 0.321
F 53.949***
), ArticleFig(id=1165678306054647980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106709656138706, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

模型4调节效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Coeff SE t检验 P LLCI ULCI
Constant 3.199 0.048 66.095 0.000 3.104 3.294
受控安全动机 -0.132 0.052 -2.537 0.012 -0.235 -0.030
安全机会 0.394 0.046 8.512 0.000 0.303 0.486
Int_1 -0.174 0.043 -4.077 0.000 -0.258 -0.090
R2 0.321
F 53.949***
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基于AMO-SDT的建筑工人安全动机对其安全行为的影响研究
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杨苏 1, 2 , 姚文宝 1 , 王婷 1 , 程保全 3 , 朱素媛 1, **
中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2025,35(3): 19-27
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2025, 35(3): 19-27
基于AMO-SDT的建筑工人安全动机对其安全行为的影响研究
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杨苏1, 2 , 姚文宝1, 王婷1, 程保全3, 朱素媛1, **
作者信息
  • 1 安徽建筑大学 经济与管理学院,安徽 合肥 230022
  • 2 阜阳师范大学 安徽省农民工研究中心,安徽 阜阳 236041
  • 3 中南大学 土木工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 杨 苏 (1981—),女,安徽合肥人,博士,教授,主要从事工程项目管理、建筑工人安全行为等方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 朱素媛(1973—),女,天津人,硕士,讲师,主要从事信息管理方面的研究。E-mail:
Research on influence of safety motivation on construction workers' safety behavior based on AMO-SDT
Su YANG1, 2 , Wenbao YAO1, Ting WANG1, Baoquan CHENG3, Suyuan ZHU1, **
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Economics and Management,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei Anhui 230022,China
  • 2 Anhui Migrant Workers Research Center,Fuyang Normal University,Fuyang Anhui 236041,China
  • 3 School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410083,China
出版时间: 2025-03-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.0931
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为探究建筑工人的安全动机对其安全行为的影响,首先基于自我决定理论(SDT),将工人安全动机解构为自主安全动机、受控安全动机;然后结合能力-动机-机会(AMO)理论的整合性分析框架,建立工人安全动机、安全机会、安全能力与安全行为之间的关系假设模型;最后以469名一线建筑工人为研究对象收集数据,采用结构方程模型(SEM)检验与实证分析假设。研究表明:建筑工人自主安全动机与安全行为显著正相关,建筑工人受控安全动机与安全行为显著负相关;安全能力和安全机会在工人自主安全动机与安全行为间发挥正向调节作用,而在工人受控安全动机与安全行为间表现为显著的负向调节关系。

建筑工人  /  安全动机  /  安全行为  /  能力-动机-机会(AMO)  /  自我决定理论(SDT)

In order to examine how construction workers' safety motivation affects their behavior,SDT was used to divide the safety motivation into two types: autonomous and controlled. Subsequently,a hypothetical model linking workers' safety motivation,opportunity,ability,and behavior was constructed by integrating the analytical framework of the AMO theory. Finally,469 frontline construction workers were taken as the research subjects for data collection,and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for hypothesis testing and empirical analysis. The results show that the autonomous safety motivation of construction workers is significantly positively correlated with safety behavior,and the controlled safety motivation of construction workers is significantly negatively correlated with safety behavior. Safety motivation and safety competence play a positive moderating role between workers' autonomous safety motivation and safety behavior,while they show a significant negative moderating relationship between workers' controlled safety motivation and safety behavior.

construction workers  /  safety motivation  /  safety behavior  /  ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO)  /  self-determination theory (SDT)
杨苏, 姚文宝, 王婷, 程保全, 朱素媛. 基于AMO-SDT的建筑工人安全动机对其安全行为的影响研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (3) : 19 -27 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.0931
Su YANG, Wenbao YAO, Ting WANG, Baoquan CHENG, Suyuan ZHU. Research on influence of safety motivation on construction workers' safety behavior based on AMO-SDT[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (3) : 19 -27 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.0931
作为我国国民经济的重要支柱产业,建筑业对社会经济发展作出了重要贡献。然而,生产安全问题始终是建筑领域面临的长期挑战。长期以来,国内房屋市政工程领域的安全事故发生率和致死率仍保持在较高水平[1],严重威胁工人生命健康,并给企业和社会带来巨大的经济和声誉损失。研究[2-3]表明:人的不安全行为是导致这些事故的主要原因之一,它们可能直接或间接引发事故的发生。因此,研究如何促进建筑工人的安全行为,对于改善建筑安全生产状况、减少事故发生具有重大的现实意义和理论价值。
在建筑行业中,安全行为促进机制研究是重要方向之一。个人的心理和行为动机因素是安全行为的基础,如高伟明等[4]研究表明:安全动机是安全行为的主要驱动力,直接影响工人的安全遵从和参与;这种动机不仅推动工人遵守安全规定,还促使他们积极参与到安全活动和改进措施中,从而减少工作场所的事故发生率[5]。众多研究已经揭示,安全动机在塑造和维持工人的安全行为中起到决定性的作用[6],其形成是从个体到行为的连续过程,在引导工人安全行为的过程中,安全动机是中心环节[7]。而明确个体的安全动机与安全行为之间的关系,并有针对性地增强这种动机,有助于提高建筑工人的安全行为。在安全行为研究领域中,建筑工人的安全动机与行为之间存在复杂关联,这一关联受个人能力、环境条件等多重因素影响,例如:FOGG[8]提出,个体的行为是由其能力和动机共同驱动的。有学者进一步指出[9],尽管个体可能具备从事某项活动的动机和能力,但其是否能真正参与该活动还受到所处环境的影响,这包括客观环境和工作环境中的人文条件,即“机会”因素的影响。这些机会因素不仅包括物理工作条件,还包括培训、安全文化等人文条件,为个体的安全行为创造了有利条件[9]。然而,动机转化为行为的过程是一个错综复杂的心理历程[10],现有研究主要关注建筑工人的安全动机对其安全行为的直接影响,但不同类型安全动机对安全行为影响的机制仍缺乏深入分析。此外,这些研究在解析安全动机与安全行为关系时,忽视了安全能力与机会因素在影响过程中的协同作用及互补效应。
鉴于此,笔者拟基于自我决定理论(Self-Determination Theory,SDT),将工人安全动机解构为自主安全动机、受控安全动机,分析不同类型安全动机对建筑工人安全行为的作用机制;然后整合能力-动机-机会(Ability-Motivation-Opportunity,AMO)理论的框架,构建安全动机-行为模型,并采用结构方程模型(Structural Equation Modeling,SEM)进行验证分析,以期为建筑工人的安全行为研究提供新的视角。
在管理学和心理学的研究中,AMO理论最初由BLUMBERG等[11]在1982年提出,为分析工人行为和绩效提供了一个重要框架,特别是在建筑安全领域的应用中显得尤为重要。该理论强调个体的行为是由3个核心要素共同影响的:能力、动机和机会。将AMO理论应用到建筑工人安全行为的研究中,安全能力体现工人对安全任务的掌握程度与实际能力匹配度[11],而安全机会代表外部环境是否给予充分支持,使工人得以安全、高效地完成任务。动机与能力、机会的结合对安全行为的发生起关键性作用:即使工人具备高度的安全动机,缺乏安全能力和机会的配合仍可能阻碍安全行为的发生。反之,充分的能力和机会则能够有效补足较低的动机,从而提高工人的安全行为表现。三者之间相辅相成,共同影响工人的行为表现。因此,AMO理论不仅有助于识别和分析影响安全行为的关键因素,还为提高建筑工地的安全管理和实践提供了具体的策略方向[12]
SDT是由DECI等[13]在20世纪80年代提出的一种关于人类动机和个体发展的理论。该理论认为,人类行为不仅是由外部因素推动,还会驱动内在动机[14]。在SDT中,动机被分为自主动机和受控动机[15],自主动机源于个体的兴趣和价值观,是一种内在的、积极的动力,它能够增进个体的长期发展和福祉。相反,受控动机则源于外部压力和奖励,如金钱、评价或惩罚,这种动机可能导致个体感受到压力和义务,从而可能对心理健康产生负面影响。因此,SDT有助于深入理解动机对安全行为的影响机制,为改善建筑工人的安全行为和减少安全事故提供理论支持和实践指导。
安全动机被视为预测安全行为的有效指标,指个体在执行安全行为时所展现出的意愿和努力[16]。文中将安全动机进一步解构为自主安全动机和受控安全动机[17]。自主安全动机强调的是个体出于内在满足感而实施安全行为,这种动机源自个体的兴趣和信念,而非外部压力或诱导因素,因此,具有高度的自主性[18]
在建筑工人群体中,蒋丽等[19]的研究为此提供了有力支持,证实自主安全动机对安全行为具有显著的正面影响。这意味着,当建筑工人的自主安全动机较强时,他们更可能因认同安全工作的意义和价值而行动,遵守安全规程,主动寻求改进安全措施,以防患于未然。这些研究共同揭示了自主安全动机在建筑工人安全行为中的重要作用。基于此,提出下述假设:
H1:自主安全动机正向显著影响建筑工人的安全行为。
受控安全动机是指个体在受到奖惩等外在因素的刺激下而产生实施安全行为的内在驱动力[20]。建立在SDT的基础上,当建筑工人的安全行为主要受到外部压力或控制因素驱动时,即受控安全动机较强时,他们可能表现出不安全行为[21]。这是因为受控安全动机往往会削弱员工的内在动机和参与度[22],可能导致他们对安全行为产生消极情绪和抵触情绪,从而影响到安全行为的执行效果[23]。基于此,提出下述假设:
H2:受控安全动机负向显著影响建筑工人的安全行为。
从心理学视角出发,当个体的自主行为受到外部因素的干扰或控制时,其内在的满足感会相应降低[24]。此外,受控动机无论是源于内部的自我施加压力(如愧疚感或自豪感)还是外部的压力,都无法为建筑工人提供必要的自主感[25]。因此,这种动机类型就很难让工人积极地、自愿地实施安全行为。基于此,提出下述假设:
H3:受控安全动机负向显著影响自主安全动机。
建筑工人的安全能力作为个体完成安全目标的内在潜能,受到多种因素的共同影响。其中,个人知识、经验、技能及价值观等要素构成了安全能力的基础[26]。祁神军等[27]在其研究中发现,具有较高安全能力的工人更倾向于将安全考虑纳入自己的日常工作实践中,从而表现出更高水平的自主安全动机。这一发现表明安全能力在激发自主安全动机方面的积极作用。然而,一些学者指出[28],当工地管理者强调外部控制和监管时,工人的自主性和积极性可能受到削弱。在这种情况下,具备较高安全能力的工人可能会感到受限,导致其安全行为受到负面影响[29]。基于此,提出下述假设:
H4:安全能力在建筑工人的自主安全动机与安全行为间起正向调节作用。
H5:安全能力在建筑工人的受控安全动机与安全行为间起负向调节作用。
文中所探讨的安全机会指的是一系列客观环境和人文条件的综合因素,这些因素能够帮助工人采取措施,以确保建筑工地上的工人在工作过程中免受伤害和危险[30]。具体来说,安全机会包括物理的工作环境条件,如安全设备和设施,也包括人文条件,如培训、安全文化的建立等。这些措施能够显著增强工人的安全意识及主动性即自主安全动机,并在实际工作中表现出更为谨慎和安全的行为。基于此,提出下述假设:
H6:安全机会在建筑工人的自主安全动机与安全行为间起正向调节作用。
在建筑现场,尽管外部监管和控制在一定程度上能够推动安全行为,但过度的受控动机可能会对工人产生负面影响。一些学者指出[31],当工地管理者过度依赖外部惩罚性措施时,工人可能感到压力并产生抵触情绪,从而减少了积极主动的安全行为。此外,受控动机也可能削弱工人的责任心和主动性,影响其对安全问题的关注和参与度[32]。缺乏充分的安全机会可能使工人无法有效参与安全决策和实践,进而可能降低其执行安全行为的积极性。基于此,提出下述假设:
H7:安全机会在工人受控安全动机与安全行为之间起负向调节作用。
根据上述理论假设建立基于AMO-SDT的安全动机—行为模型,如图1所示。
在充分借鉴国内外现有成熟量表的成果基础上,结合建筑业一线工人的具体特征和实际需求,有针对性的编制问卷。其中,自主安全动机、受控安全动机、安全能力、安全机会、安全行为各4个问题。在问卷的设计过程中,除了收集参与者的基本信息外,使用了李克特五级量表来衡量被调查者对各题项的认同程度,其中1~5分别代表从“完全不同意”到“完全同意”的不同程度。
以中铁集团、中建集团等大型国有企业集团旗下的几个重点施工现场为抽样调查区域,以每个施工现场的工人总数作为定额抽样的分配依据。调查涵盖469名各行各业的建筑工人,共回收问卷386份。经过严格筛选,剔除了评分结果呈现明显规律性、打分态度不严谨等问题的无效问卷,最终筛选出有效问卷346份。问卷回收率为84.28%,有效样本回收率为89.64%,总体情况令人满意。采用SPSS 27和AMOS 28统计分析。346份有效问卷的基本特征如下:年龄方面,26~55岁的受访者占82%;在教育水平方面,大多数工人的教育水平在高中以下,占61%;在工作年限方面,有一个较高的特征,11年以上的占64%。
为了验证量表指标设计的合理性和有效性,分析了量表的信度。信度分析是评估量表中各个问题之间的一致性程度,而量表的内在信度则能够体现这些问题之间的稳定性和可靠性。在信度分析的过程中,常用的统计方法是计算克隆巴赫系数(Cronbach's Alpha),这是衡量问卷或测试内部一致性的常用指标。该系数的范围为0~1,Cronbach's Alpha值大于0.7,这表示问卷的样本数据具有较好的内部一致性。信度分析结果见表1。其中,自主安全动机、受控安全动机、安全能力、安全机会、安全行为的克隆巴赫系数都大于0.7。Cronbach's Alpha越大代表内在一致性越强,量表也就具有较高信度。模型总体Cronbach's Alpha为0.911,说明量表信度非常好。
采用SPSS 27.0统计软件,运用探索性因子分析检验所构建量表的效度,结果见表2。其中,KMO(Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin)值是衡量样本充足度的一个重要指标,其值大于一般评定标准0.9,表明样本数据非常适合因子分析。此外,累计方差贡献率达到了71.572%,超过了评定标准60%,这进一步验证了量表的结构效度良好,所提取的因子能够有效地解释原始变量的大部分信息。
验证性因子分析结果见表3,各项因子的标准化因子载荷量表现出良好的一致性,其数值范围均大于0.5的推荐标准,从而确保了量表的有效性。同时,采用平均方差抽取量(Average Variance Extracted,AVE)来评估量表的收敛效度,其数值均超过0.5的阈值,这进一步证实了量表测量结果的稳定性和收敛性。在评估潜变量的收敛效度方面,采用组合信度(Composite Reliability,CR)这一指标,其值均超过0.8的推荐标准,这表明构面内部一致性越高,越收敛,从而量表效度越高。
基于SEM,运用AMOS 28和SPSS 27软件深入分析了假设模型的适配度。在评估过程中,采用了绝对适配度和相对适配度2种测量指标,并确保它们均符合相应的测量标准,见表4。具体而言,绝对适配度指标满足卡方除以自由度(Chi-square Minimum divided by Degrees of Freedom,CMIN/df)<3、拟合优度指数(Goodness of Fit Index,GFI)>0.9、修正拟合优度指数(Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index,AGFI)>0.9和近似误差方根(Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation,RMSEA)<0.08的标准。同时,相对适配度分别达到了比较拟合指数(Comparative Fit Index,CFI)>0.9、规范拟合指数(Normal Fit Index,NFI)>0.9和非规范拟合指数(Tucker-Lewis Index,TLI)>0.9的要求。这些结果表明,整体模型的适配度良好。
路径分析结果与标准化路径系数见表5,其中,自主安全动机对安全行为有正向的积极影响;受控安全动机负向影响安全行为。在安全动机的不同分类中,受控安全动机负向影响自主安全动机,支持假设H1、H2、H3。
在以上分析的基础上,进一步运用PROCESS 4.1做安全能力和安全机会在安全动机与安全行为之间的调节效应检验。为确保结果的准确性和可靠性,在使用Bootstrap方法生成统计量分布后,采用偏差校正非参数百分位方法校正由于重采样产生的估计偏差,置信度选择为95%,抽样次数设定为5 000次。设定4个调节模型。调节模型1和调节模型2分别代表安全能力在自主安全动机和受控安全动机对安全行为影响过程中发挥的调节效应,调节模型3和调节模型4则分别聚焦于安全机会在自主安全动机和受控安全动机对安全行为影响过程中发挥的调节效应。
调节模型1的具体分析见表6,由表6可知:F值为48.490,显著性p<0.001,说明模型具有统计学意义;自变量与调节变量的交互项为Int_1,效应值为0.111,显著性p<0.05,说明安全能力在自主安全动机对安全行为的影响过程中,存在正向调节效应。工人安全能力处于不同水平(低值或高值)时,随着自主安全动机的增强,安全行为水平所呈现出的变化趋势,如图2所示。安全能力由低到高,直线斜率变大表明安全能力对自主安全动机与安全行为具有正向调节作用。综上分析可知:假设H4得到支持。
调节模型2的具体分析见表7,由表7可知:F值为58.07,显著性p<0.001,说明模型具有统计学意义;Int_1的效应值为0.113,显著性p<0.05,说明安全机会在自主安全动机对安全行为的影响过程中,存在正向调节效应。在工人安全机会处于不同水平(低值或高值)时,随着自主安全动机的增强,安全行为水平所呈现出的变化趋势,如图3所示。直线斜率变大表明安全机会对自主安全动机与安全行为具有正向调节作用。综上分析可知:假设H5得到支持。
调节模型3的具体分析见表8,由表8可知:F值为43.311,显著性p<0.001,说明模型具有统计学意义;Int_1的效应值为-0.127,显著性p<0.05,说明安全能力在受控安全动机对安全行为的影响过程中,存在负向调节效应。当工人安全能力处于不同水平(低值或高值)时,随着受控安全动机的增大,安全行为水平所呈现出的变化趋势,如图4所示。直线斜率变小表明安全能力对受控安全动机与安全行为具有负向调节作用。综上分析可知:假设H6得到支持。
调节模型4的具体分析见表9,由表9可知:F值为53.949,显著性p<0.001,说明模型具有统计学意义;Int_1的效应值为-0.174,显著性p<0.05,说明安全机会在受控安全动机对安全行为的影响过程中,存在负向调节效应。当工人安全机会处于不同水平(低值或高值)时,随着受控安全动机增大,安全行为水平所呈现的变化趋势,如图5所示。直线斜率变小表明安全机会对受控安全动机与安全行为具有负向调节作用。综上分析可知:假设H7得到支持。
在建筑工人安全动机的2个维度中,自主安全动机对安全行为的影响最大。施工单位应给予工人更多的自主权和决策权,同时,鼓励工人承担起自己的安全责任,培养他们对自我管理和自我监督的意识。通过强调个人责任,可以激发工人内在的安全动机,使其更加自觉地采取安全行为。此外,受控安全动机对安全行为起到消极作用,管理者应减少对工人的惩罚性措施,如果员工遭受过多的惩罚性措施,会导致他们产生负面情绪,从而降低其对安全行为的积极性。相比于惩罚性措施,奖励机制更能激发员工的积极性和内在动机。管理者可以设计一些奖励措施,如表彰优秀安全表现的工人、提供额外的福利或奖金等,以鼓励员工自发地采取安全行为。
安全能力对自主安全动机和安全行为产生正向调节作用,对受控安全动机和安全行为产生负向调节作用。首先,这表明了培养和提高建筑工人的安全能力的重要性。通过培训和教育,工人可以增强他们的安全知识和技能,从而提升自主安全动机,进而促进安全行为的发生。这种正向调节作用表明,当工人的安全能力提高时,他们更倾向于主动采取安全措施,减少事故发生的风险。其次,对于受控安全动机,虽然它在某些情况下可能有助于安全行为的提升,但长期来看,过度依赖外部控制和监督导致工人的安全行为变得被动和机械化。因此,管理者应寻求在提升工人自主安全动机和受控安全动机之间找到平衡,使工人能够在自主性和受控性之间灵活切换,以适应不同的工作情境。此外,管理者还应关注工人的个体差异和需求,提供个性化的安全培训和支持。通过了解工人的安全能力和动机水平,管理者可以制定更加精准和有效的安全管理策略,提升整个团队的安全绩效。最后,这一发现也提醒管理者,安全管理不仅是一个技术问题,更是一个涉及人心理和行为的问题。因此,在安全管理实践中,需要综合运用技术、教育和心理学等多学科的知识和方法,以全面提升建筑工人的安全意识和行为水平。
安全机会对自主安全动机和安全行为产生正向调节作用,对受控安全动机和安全行为产生负向调节作用。首先,为了提升安全行为,组织应着力创造和改善安全机会。对于自主安全动机,安全机会的正向调节作用表明,当工人面临更好的工作环境、更充足的资源和更有效的沟通机制时,他们的自主安全动机将更容易转化为实际的安全行为。因此,管理者应关注工作场所的安全环境建设,提供必要的安全防护设备和工具,同时建立良好的沟通机制,确保安全信息畅通无阻。其次,对于受控安全动机,安全机会的负向调节作用可能意味着过度的外部控制和监管可能会削弱工人的安全行为。这意味着,虽然一定程度的监管是必要的,但过分强调受控安全动机可能导致工人的安全行为变得机械化和被动。因此,管理者需要寻找在提供指导和支持的同时,保持工人自主性和灵活性的平衡点。
安全管理不仅是管理层的责任,也需要全体工人的积极参与。组织应鼓励工人积极参与安全管理和改进活动,提高他们的安全意识和技能。通过激发工人的自主性和创造力,组织可以建立一个更加安全、高效的工作环境。
1) 基于SDT细分建筑工人安全动机的实证分析结果显示,自主安全动机与安全行为的相关系数为0.402,显著性p<0.001,表明自主安全动机对安全行为有显著的正向影响;而受控安全动机与安全行为的相关系数为-0.258,显著性p<0.001,表明受控安全动机对安全行为有显著的负向影响。
2) 在基于AMO理论的整合性分析框架下,研究揭示安全能力对自主安全动机与安全行为之间的调节效应显著,其效应值为0.111,显著性p<0.05,安全机会对自主安全动机与安全行为间的调节效应同样显著,其效应值为0.113,显著性p<0.05;相反,安全能力和安全机会在受控安全动机与安全行为间的调节效应为负向,效应值分别为-0.127和-0.174。
3) 安全能力和安全机会在不同类型的安全动机与安全行为之间的调节作用,表明针对性的安全管理策略,特别是在提升工人的安全能力与提供更多安全机会的情况下,能够显著促进建筑工人的安全行为。
4) 在未来的研究中,建议结合不同文化、组织类型和工作环境下的具体样本,进一步探讨这些因素对安全动机和安全行为的调节效应,并分析影响安全机会和安全能力的关键驱动因素。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(72171237)
  • 安徽省级科研平台开放课题(FSKFKT028D)
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2025年第35卷第3期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.0931
  • 接收时间:2024-10-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-20
  • 修回日期:2024-12-25
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国家自然科学基金资助(72171237)
安徽省级科研平台开放课题(FSKFKT028D)
作者信息
    1 安徽建筑大学 经济与管理学院,安徽 合肥 230022
    2 阜阳师范大学 安徽省农民工研究中心,安徽 阜阳 236041
    3 中南大学 土木工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083

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** 朱素媛(1973—),女,天津人,硕士,讲师,主要从事信息管理方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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