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Article(id=1148106708771136417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106698197295351, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)02-0203-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0152, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725984000000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-11, revisedDate=1731859200000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659570161, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659570161, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659570161, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659570161, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106698197295351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659567641, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401525528, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190215188894212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106698197295351, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190215188894213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106698197295351, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=203, endPage=211, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149767842494595921, articleId=1148106708771136417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Surface deformation monitoring and safety and stability evaluation of electricity transmission line crossing mining rights area, columnId=1149733270084042840, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Public safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve problems of land shortage and transmission line construction in the old urban area，taking the underground goaf of Xiuwu North power transmission substation as the research object，on the basis of clarifying the basic geological conditions and mining conditions of the underground goaf of the transmission substation，SBAS-InSAR monitoring was used to study the development characteristics of surface subsidence. The evolution characteristics of surface subsidence of the transmission line through the mining right area were quantitatively analyzed. The influence of goaf settlement，inclination and curvature on the transmission line of the substation was evaluated. The results show that the maximum average settlement rate of the surface of the study area is -53.6 mm/a，and the location of this area coincides with the location of Guhanshan mine，and the subsidence is consistent with coal mining，and the settlement rate of the tower position is between -16.5--0.3 mm/a. The average settlement rate of No. 11 and No. 35 towers are significantly greater than those of other positions，with the average settlement rates of -15.88 and -16.21 mm/a respectively. The historical tracing of the deformation law shows that the maximum cumulative subsidence occurs at the end of the monitoring period，which is -104.91 and -106.97 mm respectively. According to the most unfavorable principle，it is concluded that the actual monitoring and predicted settlement of the unfavorable points of the interannual deformation rate of the tower in each region during the service life is less than 400 mm，and the maximum inclination and curvature of the tower are 1.2 mm/m and the curvature is 0 mm/m2，which are all within the specified minimum allowable value. The surface of the transmission line crossing the mining rights area is in a safe and stable state.

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为解决老旧城区用地紧张和输电线路建设问题，以修武北外送变电站下伏采空区为研究对象，在明确外送变电站下伏采空区基本地质条件及开采情况的基础上，采用短基线集(SBAS)-合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)监测开展外送线路地表沉降发展特征的研究，量化分析外送线路穿越矿权区域地表沉降的演化特征，评判采空区地表沉降、地面倾斜以及地表曲率对变电站外送线路的影响程度。结果表明：研究区地表最大平均沉降速率为-53.6 mm/a，该区域所处位置与古汉山矿位置重合，沉陷与煤矿开采具有一致性；杆塔位置沉降速率处于-16.5~-0.3 mm/a，其中，11号和35号杆塔平均沉降速率明显大于其他位置，平均沉降速率分别为-15.88、-16.21 mm/a，通过形变规律历史追溯，最大累计沉降分别为-104.91、-106.97 mm。根据最不利原则，得出各区域杆塔年际形变速率的最不利点位在服役年限内的实际监测预测沉降量均小于400 mm。杆塔的最大倾斜和曲率为1.2 mm/m、0 mm/m2，均在规定的最小容许值内，外送线路穿越矿权区域地表处于安全稳定状态。

, correspAuthors=董建军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=8g9sa75OI2fktM+WSlff0Q==, magXml=X2AZyyWjT9gbwVyk9qYw/A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Q4zolViT8yKIip4rKeQoPQ==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=qUa1ru9iYLylq5/65+FjTA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

董建军 (1978—)，男，辽宁绥中人，博士，副教授，主要从事工程安全与防灾减灾方面的研究。E-mail：。

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董建军 (1978—)，男，辽宁绥中人，博士，副教授，主要从事工程安全与防灾减灾方面的研究。E-mail：。

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董建军 (1978—)，男，辽宁绥中人，博士，副教授，主要从事工程安全与防灾减灾方面的研究。E-mail：。

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caption=Location of towers and mining rights area crossed by towers, figureFileSmall=fEi7ZKnl9rbljz42ZLOejg==, figureFileBig=saOBZDGXFW3g/N+aUnOuIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681963420623697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=CN, label=图1, caption=杆塔位置及穿越的矿权区域, figureFileSmall=fEi7ZKnl9rbljz42ZLOejg==, figureFileBig=saOBZDGXFW3g/N+aUnOuIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681963722613586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=SBAS-InSAR process, figureFileSmall=aHqoKsL/DEEYBG90XZzSqg==, figureFileBig=/D7/MtR3bcFVofMK5fmbfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681963978466132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=CN, label=图2, caption=SBAS-InSAR处理流程, figureFileSmall=aHqoKsL/DEEYBG90XZzSqg==, figureFileBig=/D7/MtR3bcFVofMK5fmbfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681964272067415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Average deformation rate in monitoring area, figureFileSmall=22KYPk3JY9CBaqaaRyOHVA==, figureFileBig=e+DPLBi5dwydRPoyzI83iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681964460811096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=CN, label=图3, caption=监测区平均形变速率, figureFileSmall=22KYPk3JY9CBaqaaRyOHVA==, figureFileBig=e+DPLBi5dwydRPoyzI83iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681964670526297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Average deformation rate of outgoing line tower, figureFileSmall=zeEUj2nTTkfFfPhL8BErew==, figureFileBig=JZf9KplXBWeEdPU7jZp81Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681965014459226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=CN, label=图4, caption=外送线路杆塔的平均形变速率, figureFileSmall=zeEUj2nTTkfFfPhL8BErew==, figureFileBig=JZf9KplXBWeEdPU7jZp81Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681965341614940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Cumulative settlement of towers 11 and 35, figureFileSmall=nB9GvB3yi6l4WBGKvs3wCg==, figureFileBig=WeAiR894uywLIAY5qnj/fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681965631021918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=CN, label=图5, caption=11、35号杆塔的累计沉降量, figureFileSmall=nB9GvB3yi6l4WBGKvs3wCg==, figureFileBig=WeAiR894uywLIAY5qnj/fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681965882680160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Surface inclination around towers 11 and 35 (114 m), figureFileSmall=SWzr8+nNYeAJo6Sm2VACuA==, figureFileBig=40toXj5LPxK8FtFDdMam/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681966130144098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=CN, label=图6, caption=11和35号杆塔周围(114 m)地表倾斜情况, figureFileSmall=SWzr8+nNYeAJo6Sm2VACuA==, figureFileBig=40toXj5LPxK8FtFDdMam/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681966461494116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Surface curvature around towers 11 and 35 (114 m), figureFileSmall=hBF/rYtzf9d95FmKP11Vsg==, figureFileBig=ehi0MA1jF1oyH1uZoE+7Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681966746706790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=CN, label=图7, caption=11和35号杆塔周围(114 m)地表曲率情况, figureFileSmall=hBF/rYtzf9d95FmKP11Vsg==, figureFileBig=ehi0MA1jF1oyH1uZoE+7Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681967048696680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Time series analysis of most unfavorable points by region, figureFileSmall=u4H6KMW3LI/yZLVWw86xVA==, figureFileBig=Z7cYR9y4JVaUYDTF4bPT1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681967371658090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=CN, label=图8, caption=各区域最不利点的时序分析, figureFileSmall=u4H6KMW3LI/yZLVWw86xVA==, figureFileBig=Z7cYR9y4JVaUYDTF4bPT1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681967661065068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic parameters of 80 SAR data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称 参数值 参数名称 参数值
极化方式 垂直极化
(Vertical transmit，
Vertical receive，
VV)		 辅助
数据		 12.5 m数字
高程模型
波段 C 轨道 升轨
入射角/(°) 39.14 影像数/
景		 80
数据类型 单视复数数据
(Single Look
Complex，SLC)		 成像
模式		 干涉宽幅
(Interferometric
Wide swath，
IW)
), ArticleFig(id=1165681967891751790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

80景SAR数据基本参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称 参数值 参数名称 参数值
极化方式 垂直极化
(Vertical transmit，
Vertical receive，
VV)		 辅助
数据		 12.5 m数字
高程模型
波段 C 轨道 升轨
入射角/(°) 39.14 影像数/
景		 80
数据类型 单视复数数据
(Single Look
Complex，SLC)		 成像
模式		 干涉宽幅
(Interferometric
Wide swath，
IW)
), ArticleFig(id=1165681968189547376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Average settlement rate of tower crossing mining rights area from March 19，2017 to October 2，2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点
位		 经纬
度		 平均沉
降速率/
(mm·a-1)		 点
位		 经纬度 平均沉
降速率/
(mm·a-1)		 点
位		 经纬
度		 平均沉
降速率/
(mm·a-1)
1 35°22'10.9″，113°25'50″ -3.15 16 35°17'56″，113°26'8.9″ -3.36 31 35°18'19″，113°26'7″ -6.66
2 35°22'9″，113°25'50.9″ -2.02 17 35°17'12″，113°25'20.9″ -3.22 32 — —
3 35°22'4.98″，113°25'45.9″ -2.68 18 35°16'40″，113°25'14.9″ -4.33 33 35°18'36″，113°26'6″ -0.75
4 35°21'56″，113°25'45″ -3.58 19 35°16'17″，113°23'53.9″ -4.36 34 35°19'10.9″，113°26'17″ -4.34
5 35°21'54″，113°25'37.9″ -3.10 20 35°16'6.9″，113°23'43″ -5.65 35 35°19'59″，113°25'50.9″ -16.21
6 35°21'28″，113°25'40″ -2.26 21 35°15'7.9″，113°22'48″ -6.26 36 — —
7 35°21'17.9″，113°25'32.9″ -0.32 22 35°15'6″，113°22'41″ -6.05 37 35°21'2″，113°25'49″ -3.10
8 — — 23 35°15'10″，113°22'41.9″ -5.75 38 35°21'17.9″，113°25'31″ -0.68
9 35°21'2″，113°25'50″ -5.35 24 35°15'9″，113°22'46.9″ -5.49 39 35°21'29″，113°25'37.9″ -2.11
10 35°21'2″，113°25'50″ — 25 35°16'8″，113°23'43″ -5.74 40 35°21'55″，113°25'36″ -3.54
11 35°19'59″，113°25'51.9″ -15.88 26 — — 41 35°21'56.9″，113°25'44″ -4.43
12 35°19'12″，113°26'18.9″ -4.10 27 35°16'18″，113°23'53″ -5.50 42 35°22'5″，113°25'44″ -2.92
13 35°18'36″，113°26'7″ -0.95 28 35°16'41.9″，113°25'14″ -3.98 43 35°22'8″，113°25'46.9″ -3.0
14 35°18'19″，113°26'8″ -6.56 29 35°17'12″，113°25'19.9″ -6.45 44 35°21'2″，113°25'49″ -4.15
15 — — 30 35°17'56″，113°26'8″ -3.25 — — —
), ArticleFig(id=1165681968474760050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2017年3月19日—2023年10月2日间穿越矿权区域的杆塔的平均沉降速率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点
位		 经纬
度		 平均沉
降速率/
(mm·a-1)		 点
位		 经纬度 平均沉
降速率/
(mm·a-1)		 点
位		 经纬
度		 平均沉
降速率/
(mm·a-1)
1 35°22'10.9″，113°25'50″ -3.15 16 35°17'56″，113°26'8.9″ -3.36 31 35°18'19″，113°26'7″ -6.66
2 35°22'9″，113°25'50.9″ -2.02 17 35°17'12″，113°25'20.9″ -3.22 32 — —
3 35°22'4.98″，113°25'45.9″ -2.68 18 35°16'40″，113°25'14.9″ -4.33 33 35°18'36″，113°26'6″ -0.75
4 35°21'56″，113°25'45″ -3.58 19 35°16'17″，113°23'53.9″ -4.36 34 35°19'10.9″，113°26'17″ -4.34
5 35°21'54″，113°25'37.9″ -3.10 20 35°16'6.9″，113°23'43″ -5.65 35 35°19'59″，113°25'50.9″ -16.21
6 35°21'28″，113°25'40″ -2.26 21 35°15'7.9″，113°22'48″ -6.26 36 — —
7 35°21'17.9″，113°25'32.9″ -0.32 22 35°15'6″，113°22'41″ -6.05 37 35°21'2″，113°25'49″ -3.10
8 — — 23 35°15'10″，113°22'41.9″ -5.75 38 35°21'17.9″，113°25'31″ -0.68
9 35°21'2″，113°25'50″ -5.35 24 35°15'9″，113°22'46.9″ -5.49 39 35°21'29″，113°25'37.9″ -2.11
10 35°21'2″，113°25'50″ — 25 35°16'8″，113°23'43″ -5.74 40 35°21'55″，113°25'36″ -3.54
11 35°19'59″，113°25'51.9″ -15.88 26 — — 41 35°21'56.9″，113°25'44″ -4.43
12 35°19'12″，113°26'18.9″ -4.10 27 35°16'18″，113°23'53″ -5.50 42 35°22'5″，113°25'44″ -2.92
13 35°18'36″，113°26'7″ -0.95 28 35°16'41.9″，113°25'14″ -3.98 43 35°22'8″，113°25'46.9″ -3.0
14 35°18'19″，113°26'8″ -6.56 29 35°17'12″，113°25'19.9″ -6.45 44 35°21'2″，113°25'49″ -4.15
15 — — 30 35°17'56″，113°26'8″ -3.25 — — —
), ArticleFig(id=1165681968785138547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Statistics of interannual deformation rates in 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区
域		 序
号		 沉降速率/
(mm·a-1)		 序
号		 沉降速率/
(mm·a-1)		 序
号		 沉降速率/
(mm·a-1)
Ⅰ 1 -2.99 7 -1.06 41 -1.60
2 -3.87 9 -0.99 42 -3.76
3 -1.72 37 -0.77 43 -0.77
4 -0.51 38 -1.83 44 -1.75
5 -4.55 39 -1.64 — —
6 -1.49 40 -3.69 34 -0.84
Ⅱ 11 -1.6 16 -1.05 35 -2.8
12 -0.80 30 -0.65 — —
13 -0.55 31 -2.26 — —
14 -2.85 33 -0.95 — —
Ⅲ 17 -2.34 21 -1.86 25 -0.72
18 -3.65 22 -1.49 27 -1.02
19 -1.39 23 -1.64 28 -1.93
20 -0.66 24 -1.13 29 -2.66
), ArticleFig(id=1165681969116488565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2023年年际形变速率统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区
域		 序
号		 沉降速率/
(mm·a-1)		 序
号		 沉降速率/
(mm·a-1)		 序
号		 沉降速率/
(mm·a-1)
Ⅰ 1 -2.99 7 -1.06 41 -1.60
2 -3.87 9 -0.99 42 -3.76
3 -1.72 37 -0.77 43 -0.77
4 -0.51 38 -1.83 44 -1.75
5 -4.55 39 -1.64 — —
6 -1.49 40 -3.69 34 -0.84
Ⅱ 11 -1.6 16 -1.05 35 -2.8
12 -0.80 30 -0.65 — —
13 -0.55 31 -2.26 — —
14 -2.85 33 -0.95 — —
Ⅲ 17 -2.34 21 -1.86 25 -0.72
18 -3.65 22 -1.49 27 -1.02
19 -1.39 23 -1.64 28 -1.93
20 -0.66 24 -1.13 29 -2.66
), ArticleFig(id=1165681969296843639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Settlement of most unfavorable points of settlement in each zone

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
最不利点形变
速率/(mm·a-1)		 -4.55 -2.85 -3.65
), ArticleFig(id=1165681969355563897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各分区内形变最不利点的沉降情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
最不利点形变
速率/(mm·a-1)		 -4.55 -2.85 -3.65
), ArticleFig(id=1165681969426867067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Allowable values of foundation deformation of buildings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
建筑物高度/m 高耸结构基础沉降/mm
≤100 400
(100，200] 300
(200，250] 200
), ArticleFig(id=1165681969607222141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

建筑物的地基变形允许值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
建筑物高度/m 高耸结构基础沉降/mm
≤100 400
(100，200] 300
(200，250] 200
), ArticleFig(id=1165681969674331008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Predicted service life settlement of each tower point in regionmm

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区
域		 序
号		 沉降量 序
号		 沉降量 序
号		 沉降量
Ⅰ 1 -149.5 7 -53 41 -79.75
2 -193.5 9 -49.5 42 -188
3 -86 37 -38.5 43 -38.5
4 -25.5 38 -91.5 44 -87.5
5 -227.5 39 -82
6 -74.5 40 -184.5
Ⅱ 11 -80 16 -52.5 34 -42
12 -40 30 -32.5 35 -140
13 -27.5 31 -113 — —
14 -142.5 33 -47.5 — —
Ⅲ 17 -117 21 -93 25 -36
18 -182.5 22 -74.5 27 -51
19 -69.5 23 -82 28 -96.5
20 -33 24 -56.5 29 -133
), ArticleFig(id=1165681969779188609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

区域各杆塔点位预测服役年限沉降量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区
域		 序
号		 沉降量 序
号		 沉降量 序
号		 沉降量
Ⅰ 1 -149.5 7 -53 41 -79.75
2 -193.5 9 -49.5 42 -188
3 -86 37 -38.5 43 -38.5
4 -25.5 38 -91.5 44 -87.5
5 -227.5 39 -82
6 -74.5 40 -184.5
Ⅱ 11 -80 16 -52.5 34 -42
12 -40 30 -32.5 35 -140
13 -27.5 31 -113 — —
14 -142.5 33 -47.5 — —
Ⅲ 17 -117 21 -93 25 -36
18 -182.5 22 -74.5 27 -51
19 -69.5 23 -82 28 -96.5
20 -33 24 -56.5 29 -133
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Allowable values of foundation deformation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
杆塔总高
度/m		 ≤50 (50，
100]		 (100，
150]		 (150，
200]		 (200，
250]		 (250，
300]
δ/
(mm·m-1)		 6 5 4 3 2 15
), ArticleFig(id=1165681970353808262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106708771136417, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

地基变形允许值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
杆塔总高
度/m		 ≤50 (50，
100]		 (100，
150]		 (150，
200]		 (200，
250]		 (250，
300]
δ/
(mm·m-1)		 6 5 4 3 2 15
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外送线路穿越矿权区域地表形变监测与安全稳定性评价
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董建军 1, 2 , 冯晓硕 1, 2 , 张莹 1, 2
中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2025,35(2): 203-211
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中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2025, 35(2): 203-211
外送线路穿越矿权区域地表形变监测与安全稳定性评价
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董建军1, 2 , 冯晓硕1, 2, 张莹1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 辽宁工程技术大学 安全科学与工程学院，辽宁 葫芦岛 125105
  • 2 辽宁工程技术大学 矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点实验室，辽宁 葫芦岛 125105

    • 董建军 (1978—)，男，辽宁绥中人，博士，副教授，主要从事工程安全与防灾减灾方面的研究。E-mail：。

Surface deformation monitoring and safety and stability evaluation of electricity transmission line crossing mining rights area
Jianjun DONG1, 2 , Xiaoshuo FENG1, 2, Ying ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Safety Science and Engineering，Liaoning Technical University，Huludao Liaoning 125105，China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Mine Thermodynamic Disasters and Control of Ministry of Education，Liaoning Technical University，Huludao Liaoning 125105，China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0152
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摘要
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为解决老旧城区用地紧张和输电线路建设问题，以修武北外送变电站下伏采空区为研究对象，在明确外送变电站下伏采空区基本地质条件及开采情况的基础上，采用短基线集(SBAS)-合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)监测开展外送线路地表沉降发展特征的研究，量化分析外送线路穿越矿权区域地表沉降的演化特征，评判采空区地表沉降、地面倾斜以及地表曲率对变电站外送线路的影响程度。结果表明：研究区地表最大平均沉降速率为-53.6 mm/a，该区域所处位置与古汉山矿位置重合，沉陷与煤矿开采具有一致性；杆塔位置沉降速率处于-16.5~-0.3 mm/a，其中，11号和35号杆塔平均沉降速率明显大于其他位置，平均沉降速率分别为-15.88、-16.21 mm/a，通过形变规律历史追溯，最大累计沉降分别为-104.91、-106.97 mm。根据最不利原则，得出各区域杆塔年际形变速率的最不利点位在服役年限内的实际监测预测沉降量均小于400 mm。杆塔的最大倾斜和曲率为1.2 mm/m、0 mm/m2，均在规定的最小容许值内，外送线路穿越矿权区域地表处于安全稳定状态。

外送线路  /  穿越矿权区域  /  地表形变监测  /  安全稳定性  /  采空区  /  短基线集(SBAS)-合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)

In order to solve problems of land shortage and transmission line construction in the old urban area，taking the underground goaf of Xiuwu North power transmission substation as the research object，on the basis of clarifying the basic geological conditions and mining conditions of the underground goaf of the transmission substation，SBAS-InSAR monitoring was used to study the development characteristics of surface subsidence. The evolution characteristics of surface subsidence of the transmission line through the mining right area were quantitatively analyzed. The influence of goaf settlement，inclination and curvature on the transmission line of the substation was evaluated. The results show that the maximum average settlement rate of the surface of the study area is -53.6 mm/a，and the location of this area coincides with the location of Guhanshan mine，and the subsidence is consistent with coal mining，and the settlement rate of the tower position is between -16.5--0.3 mm/a. The average settlement rate of No. 11 and No. 35 towers are significantly greater than those of other positions，with the average settlement rates of -15.88 and -16.21 mm/a respectively. The historical tracing of the deformation law shows that the maximum cumulative subsidence occurs at the end of the monitoring period，which is -104.91 and -106.97 mm respectively. According to the most unfavorable principle，it is concluded that the actual monitoring and predicted settlement of the unfavorable points of the interannual deformation rate of the tower in each region during the service life is less than 400 mm，and the maximum inclination and curvature of the tower are 1.2 mm/m and the curvature is 0 mm/m2，which are all within the specified minimum allowable value. The surface of the transmission line crossing the mining rights area is in a safe and stable state.

electricity transmission line  /  crossing mining rights area  /  surface deformation monitoring  /  safety and stability  /  mined-out area  /  small baseline subset(SBAS)-interferometry synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)
董建军, 冯晓硕, 张莹. 外送线路穿越矿权区域地表形变监测与安全稳定性评价. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (2) : 203 -211 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0152
Jianjun DONG, Xiaoshuo FENG, Ying ZHANG. Surface deformation monitoring and safety and stability evaluation of electricity transmission line crossing mining rights area[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (2) : 203 -211 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0152
正文
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0 引言
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煤矿资源的大规模开发和利用，带来了巨大的经济、社会效益的同时，也遗留了大量的采空区。随着土地资源日益紧张和煤炭枯竭城市的转型发展，利用煤炭采空区地表场地成为必然趋势，越来越多的基础设施不可避免地要建设在煤矿采空区地表场地上。为满足下伏采空区地区用电负荷增长需求，解决老旧城区用地紧张和输电线路建设问题，局部、常规技术研究方法不能满足变电站外送线路穿越矿产权区域设计的论证要求，如何确定可靠高效的变电站外送线路穿越矿产权区域的安全稳定性评价势在必行。
在采空区灾害防治方面，水准测量、基岩标、微震监测等传统监测技术易受地质和外界条件影响，监测效率较低且精准度会受到限制，难以得到有效应用[1-2]。目前主流的监测手段中，全球导航卫星系统形变测量的精度较高，可实现连续监测，但受限于特定点的位移和成本高等缺陷[3]。为解决上述采空区地表监测的诸多问题，无人机摄影技术的快速区域面采集采空区地表的形变监测获得广泛应用，但易受多种因素影响，导致数据的一致性较难保证，且无法提供大面积的沉降分布[4]。合成孔径雷达干涉测量(Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar，InSAR)可全天候工作，具有高穿透性、高覆盖率、高分辨率、非接触式等特点，能监测大范围地形高度的细微变化，可应用于地震滑坡、地面沉降等地质灾害监测和地质灾害隐患早期识别中[5-6]。差分InSAR(Differential InSAR，D-InSAR)克服了传统监测方法的不足，但该方法易受时空失相关和大气延迟等因素的影响，致使监测精度偏低，难以在长时间序列的地表沉陷监测中获取理想结果[7]。随着合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar，SAR)数据影像的累积，可进一步分析其时空演化特征，短基线集(Small Baseline Subset，SBAS)-InSAR监测更是具备了大范围地表形变长时空演化特征的能力，为矿区安全稳定性评价提供了一种有效的方法。为提高监测精度，董建军等[8]针对高海拔矿区的剧烈干湿循环作用，引入气象数据的SBAS-InSAR大气延迟校正，减小大气延迟的影响，进而更精确地提取地表形变信号;李路等[9]采用基于中等相干格网点提取算法的SBAS-InSAR监测技术，识别出矿区的2处沉降异常;王凤云等[10]基于SBAS-InSAR技术监测了矿震发生前后该矿区地表沉陷，监测到矿区地表形变由平稳的形变过程变成明显下沉的地表沉降特征，表明InSAR监测矿区地表监测的能力;HUANG Zhaoquan等[11]在地表场地稳定性中采用InSAR监测提取2015—2020年潮汕平原地表形变，证明了人类活动与InSAR地表形变的相关性。SBAS-InSAR监测成功应用于矿区地表形变的精细化监测、沉降时空演化规律的揭示，对矿区监测作出了重要的研究工作[12-13]。现有研究主要集中在地表的大范围形变监测，对于InSAR在监测外送线路穿越矿权区域的地表稳定性评价的监测应用较少。
鉴于此，笔者拟以修武北变电站外送线路下伏采空区为研究对象，采用SBAS-InSAR监测获取研究区域的沉陷空间分布范围，研究地表沉降发展特征，量化分析穿越矿权区域地表形变的演化特征。以期为保证外送线路穿越矿权区域安全稳定运营提供有效依据。
1 外送线路穿越矿权区域概况
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1.1 研究区概况
为满足修武县北部用电负荷增长需求，国网河南省焦作供电公司拟在修武北建设220 kV变电站外送线路工程。杆塔位置及穿越的矿权区域如图1所示。
经查询，建设项目2方案拟征范围外扩1km后，拟压覆19个国家矿产地、3个省财政地质勘查项目、4个采矿权。
1.2 研究区数据源
选取2017年3月—2023年10月的80景SAR数据作为研究数据源，2019年6月13日SAR数据为主影像，具体参数值见表1。
2 外送线路SBAS-InSAR时序形变特征监测
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在明确外送线路下伏采空区基本地质条件及开采情况的基础上，采用SBAS-InSAR监测揭示焦作市采空区变电站外送线路穿越矿权区域地表动态位移特征。
2.1 SBAS-InSAR监测原理及数据处理
SBAS由长基线造成的相互独立的SAR影像连接，形成短基线SAR影像集合。SBAS处理流程如图2所示。
SBAS-InSAR监测是将同一地区多景SAR影像进行两两组合配准得到短基线干涉对，添加GCP进行频道精炼，采用SVD生成相干点平均形变速率图和时间序列[14-15]。运用LS法获得形变速率。形变速率与相应的速度和时间跨度相乘，以获取相对于第一幅图像的每幅图像的累积沉降。
2.2 外送线路采空区场地形变分析
1) 沉降速率监测结果分析。经SBAS-InSAR处理得到2017年3月19日—2023年10月2日的穿越矿权区域地表平均形变速率的空间分布，如图3和图4所示，图钉标识为杆塔位置，形变速率值为负，表示沉降。
由图3可知：研究区域总体情况较为稳定，整体沉降处于-53.60~5.06mm/a。小部分区域受采空区影响，发生不同程度形变。其中，4处沉降区域明显，沉降严重区域A的平均形变速率为-53.60mm/a，位于古汉山煤矿、张屯煤矿和辉县市西部吴村煤矿的交界处，与已开采煤矿范围有着很好的对应关系。沉陷区距离最近杆塔约0.5km，对变电站外送线路工程的直接影响有限。通过资料查阅显示，识别出明显的沉降区域B与古汉山矿西部位置重合，相应区域处最大形变速率为-52.34mm/a;其中，沉降区域C范围内的形变速率较低，位于九里山煤矿东北部，对应的C区域的最大形变速率为-38mm/a，沉降中心D在九里山煤矿范围内，D区域的最大形变速率为-48.54mm/a，D沉陷区距离最近杆塔约2 500m，对外送线路的直接影响有限。为方便展示杆塔和周围沉降结果，明确外送线路杆塔的具体沉降情况，基于杆塔的地理位置布局，为更直观、清晰地描述和分析大面积地表沉降情况，从而准确研究每个输电杆塔周围的沉降情况，划分出Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ这3个区域进行分析。
由图4可知：由于杆塔地处的方庄煤矿并未开采，区域Ⅰ监测期间内并没有发生明显地表沉降，区域内最大年均沉降为-14.67mm。局部区域有小幅抬升，其值为0~5mm/a。Ⅱ区域中心有明显的下沉点，区域内最大年均沉降速率为-52.34 mm/a，为11和35号杆塔所处的沉降严重区域B范围内，有必要进一步分析其杆塔形变。Ⅲ区域中最大年均沉降为-48.07mm，沉降区域主要位于杆塔的最北侧的处于九里山煤矿范围内，对外送线路工程的直接影响甚微。
为进一步明确各杆塔在监测期的沉降情况，给输电线路的安全运行提供参考，提取杆塔的平均形变速率，监测期内各杆塔的平均形变速率统计见表2。根据表2和各区域杆塔沉降特征分析，38个杆塔位置的平均沉降位于-16.5~-0.3mm/a，其中，11和35号杆塔平均沉降速率明显大于其他杆塔位置的沉降速率，平均沉降速率分别为-15.88、-16.21mm/a。经查明2杆塔位置位于古汉山矿开采范围内，因此，需要进行重点关注。
2) 累计沉降量监测分析。为进一步探究穿越矿权区域杆塔的稳定性，量化分析表2中平均沉降速率明显较大的11和35号杆塔的时间序列形变值，并对其形变特征进行历史追溯分析。
11、35号杆塔的累计沉降量如图5所示。由图5可知：11和35号杆塔整体沉降程度与沉降趋势基本一致，几乎呈现相同的线性趋势，最大累计沉降量均大于100mm，且沉降趋势总体呈“先发展，后稳定”的特征。2杆塔在监测期初至2021年上半年沉降均持续发展，2021年上半年至监测期末，沉降出现趋于稳定的趋势，11和35号杆塔的最大累计沉降值均出现在监测期的最末期，分别为-104.91和-106.97mm。
3) 倾斜与曲率监测分析。矿井关闭后地表产生的残余变形除了下沉外，还表现为倾斜、曲率等特征。因此，评估地表倾斜和曲率变形对杆塔的影响程度。倾斜值计算公式为：
i 2 - 3 = w 3 - w 2 l 2 - 3
式中： i 2 - 3为地表点2和3之间的倾斜值，mm/m;w2和w3为地表点2和3的下沉值，mm; l 2 - 3为地表点2和3之间的水平距离，m。
选取倾斜指标进行杆塔的稳定性评价研究，区域的不均匀沉降对杆塔将会造成不同程度的影响。根据现有资料可知：杆塔最大呼高为57m，分析倾斜时需按照呼高的2倍大小的距离考虑杆塔倾斜的影响范围(即方圆114m)，并提取杆塔影响范围内最大沉降，计算整个影响区域的倾斜情况。由图5可知：11和35号杆塔处于明显沉陷区内，2杆塔周围区域的形变梯度最大，因此，2杆塔的倾斜程度最大，所以依据最不利原则分析2杆塔的倾斜情况，倾斜情况如图6所示，其中，方块代表杆塔位置。
由图6可知：监测期内2杆塔影响范围内相对于最大沉降值的倾斜值均在0~3mm/m，最大倾斜值位于影响范围内的右下侧，距离2杆塔位置相对较远，2杆塔均处于倾斜值为1.2mm/m的位置。
地表曲率变形表示地表倾斜的程度，由于出现曲率变形，地表将由原来的平面变成曲面形状。地表倾斜将会引起地表的正曲率变形或负曲率变形。地表建筑物基础因曲率变形产生的附加作用力过大时会使得建筑物发生变形破坏。为保证杆塔的安全稳定性，在获得杆塔倾斜情况的基础上分析其曲率。由于曲率是倾斜变形的一阶导数，因此，曲率可进行如下计算：
k 2 - 3 - 4 = i 3 - 4 - i 2 - 3 ( l 3 - 4 + l 2 - 3 ) / 2
式中： k 2 - 3 - 4为地表点2、3和4之间的曲率值，mm/m2; i 3 - 4为地表点3和4之间的倾斜值，mm/m;l3-4为地表点3和4之间的水平距离，m。
11和35号杆塔周围(114m)地表曲率情况如图7所示。由图7可知：监测期内2杆塔影响范围内曲率在-0.25~0.25mm/m2，最大曲率位于影响范围内的右下侧，距离2杆塔位置相对较远，2杆塔均处于曲率值为0mm/m2的位置。
3 外送线路地表安全稳定性评价
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3.1 形变安全稳定性评价
采矿周期越长，矿区越容易发生地表沉陷，导致时空相干性下降，，而InSAR技术凭借其优势，对于矿区沉降监测具有很大适用性。2017—2023年，测得划分区域内杆塔点位的最终沉降速率监测情况，其中，2023年年际形变速率统计见表3。
由表3可知：各杆塔2023年的年际沉降速率处于-4.55~0mm，其中，Ⅰ区域中2和4号杆塔为最大和最小的沉降速率，分别为-4.55、-0.51mm/a。各分区内形变最不利点的沉降情况见表4。
根据各区域内杆塔最终年际形变筛选出可能会发生危险情况的最不利点位进行时序形变分析，进一步分析各杆塔的安全稳定性，Ⅰ、Ⅱ以及Ⅲ区域不利点杆塔的时序形变如图8所示。
由图8可知：Ⅰ区域中的不利点5号杆塔累计沉降趋势呈现沉降状态，监测期间杆塔累计沉降值为-21~0mm，最大累计沉降值出现在监测期末，为-20.29mm。Ⅱ区域中14号杆塔在沉降量增大的同时伴随着较大沉降的起伏，最大沉降值出现在监测期末和2023年8月，为-42.96mm。Ⅲ区域中18号杆塔监测期间累计沉降值在-32~0mm范围内波动，在2023年8月出现最大累计沉降，沉降值为-31.03mm。截至到监测期末，各区域杆塔未出现明显加速沉降趋势。不利点位时序形变整体上均随着时间的推移，增量程度呈现减缓趋势，可推断各点位形变值将不会再出现大幅度变化。
根据表3中的各区域杆塔沉降形变速率统计，预测各点位的服役年限。对于输电线路杆塔地基变形允许值必须满足表5中规定[16]。
根据下式进行预测:
S = V T
式中：S为实际监测预测沉降量，mm;V为实际监测形变速率，mm/a;T为建(构)筑物需要服役年限，年，对于本工程的需要服役年限为50年。
通过计算预测，并根据容许沉降量进一步分类处理各个点位，如下所示:
S < [ S ]
式中[S]为容许沉降量，mm。
依据式(3)和地基变形允许标准，预测各点位的服役年限，进一步评价杆塔地基稳定性。各点位的服役年限沉降量见表6。
通过计算得到最大杆塔点位预测服役年限沉降量为Ⅰ区域的5号杆塔，沉降量为-227.5mm。由表5可知：呼高小于100m高耸结构基础沉降量规定的最小容许沉降量为400mm(由现有资料可知：各杆塔呼高均小于100m)，各区域杆塔点位预测服役年限沉降量均小于400mm。形变情况均符合地基变形控制标准规定的最小容许值，满足其上述杆塔设备正常安全运行对地基位移的要求，不会影响变电站外送线路杆塔的安全稳定运行。
3.2 倾斜与曲率安全稳定性分析
倾斜由地表不均匀下沉引起，地表观测中，2测点间的倾斜为2点下沉差与变形前2点水平距离之比，依据某些有特殊变形要求的杆塔基础，要求基础最大的倾斜率δ(不含基础预偏值)应满足表7[17]。
按照杆塔呼高为57m计算，杆塔的最大倾斜为1.2mm/m，所有杆塔的倾斜值均处于地基变形倾斜值5mm/m范围内，处于相对安全稳定状态。
研究的输电线路杆塔基础部分占地面积较小，与地表接触的面积也很小，因此，地基反力作用的范围也就较小。通过提取曲率可知：杆塔的最大曲率均为0mm/m2，根据曲率值K在文献[18]的地表曲率允许变形值范围内(K=0.2mm/m2)，地表处于安全稳定状态。
4 结论
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1) 根据监测结果发现，整体沉降处于-53.60~5.06mm/a，其中，11和35号杆塔平均沉降速率明显大于其他位置，平均沉降速率分别为-15.88、-16.21mm/a。研究区域右上部出现较为明显的沉降区域，该区域所处位置与古汉山矿位置重合，该地表沉陷与煤矿开采具有一致性，沉降较大的区域与仍在开采煤矿范围有着很好的对应关系。
2) 对2017年3月19日—2023年10月2日间11和35号杆塔形变特征进行历史追溯与分析，最大累计沉降量均大于100mm，且沉降趋势总体呈“先发展，后稳定”的规律。最大累计沉降值均出现在监测期的最末期，分别为-104.91和-106.97mm。
3) 根据最不利原则，将影响范围按照最高杆塔呼高2倍(114m)扩散，11和35号杆塔的倾斜和曲率倾斜和曲率均为1.2mm/m和0mm/m2。
4) 结合SBAS-InSAR技术的监测结果，预测出各杆塔点位服役年限沉降量，比较得到实际监测预测沉降量与容许沉降量，得出各区域最不利点在服役年限内的实际监测预测沉降量均小于400mm，最不利杆塔的倾斜小于5mm/m，曲率小于0.2 mm/m2，均在最小容许值内，满足杆塔设备正常安全运行的要求，外送线路穿越矿权区域的地表变化为安全稳定状态。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(52474227)
  • 辽宁省自然科学基金面上项目资助(2023-MS-313)
文献
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2025年第35卷第2期
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文章信息
doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0152
  • 接收时间：2024-09-11
  • 首发时间：2025-07-05
  • 出版时间：2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期：2024-09-11
  • 修回日期：2024-11-18
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(52474227)
辽宁省自然科学基金面上项目资助(2023-MS-313)
作者信息
    1 辽宁工程技术大学 安全科学与工程学院，辽宁 葫芦岛 125105
    2 辽宁工程技术大学 矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点实验室，辽宁 葫芦岛 125105
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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