Article(id=1148106705780597429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106698197295351, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)02-0168-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0402, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726243200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-14, revisedDate=1731859200000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659569448, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659569448, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659569448, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659569448, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106698197295351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659567641, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401525528, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190215188894212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106698197295351, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190215188894213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106698197295351, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=168, endPage=174, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149767847221571921, articleId=1148106705780597429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Molecular dynamics simulation study of methane adsorption property in silica porous materials, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the methane adsorption mechanism in porous media,a methane adsorption model was constructed using the LAMMPS(Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator) software. And large-scale molecular dynamics simulations (28.6 nm×14.3 nm×125 nm) were conducted over an extended duration of 1 000 ns to obtain a stable adsorption system. The study primarily focused on exploring the effects of temperature and surface properties of porous media on methane adsorption behavior,revealing the underlying microscopic adsorption mechanism. Additionally,a nano-scale methane adsorption recognition algorithm was developed to precisely identify adsorbed methane molecules within porous media. The results showed that methane adsorption decreases with increasing temperature. The effect of temperature becomes negligible when it exceeds 500 K. When the gas-solid interaction parameter (ϕ) is less than 0.8 (contact angle less than 75.6°),the surface characteristics of silica have a minimal effect on adsorption capacity.

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为探究甲烷在硅基多孔介质内的吸附机制,采用LAMMPS开源软件构建大尺寸甲烷吸附模型(28.6 nm×14.3 nm×125 nm),并在正则系综下进行超长时间吸附过程(1 000 ns)的分子动力学模拟,获得稳定的吸附体系;探究温度与多孔介质表面特性对甲烷在多孔介质中吸附行为的影响特征,揭示其微观吸附机制;并针对纳米尺度吸附过程,开发甲烷气体分子吸附识别算法,实现精准识别吸附在多孔介质上的甲烷分子,根据试验结果验证吸附识别算法。结果表明:随着温度升高,甲烷吸附量逐渐降低,当温度超过500 K时,温度增加对甲烷吸附量的影响较小;当气固相互作用参数ϕ小于0.8时(接触角大于75.6°),氧化硅的表面特性对吸附量的影响较小。

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杨铭扬 (1993—),男,陕西西安人,博士,讲师,主要从事微纳尺度传热传质、高效节能技术、能源安全等方面的研究。E-mail:

石钰 副教授

张楠 讲师

李新宏 教授

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杨铭扬 (1993—),男,陕西西安人,博士,讲师,主要从事微纳尺度传热传质、高效节能技术、能源安全等方面的研究。E-mail:

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杨铭扬 (1993—),男,陕西西安人,博士,讲师,主要从事微纳尺度传热传质、高效节能技术、能源安全等方面的研究。E-mail:

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石钰 副教授

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张楠 讲师

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张楠 讲师

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李新宏 教授

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李新宏 教授

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Interaction parameters

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相互作用 ε/meV σ q/e
Si-Si 1.73 4.05 -0.60
O-O 9.88 2.86 0.30
C-C 2.43 3.40 -0.24
H-H 1.30 2.56 0.06
), ArticleFig(id=1165681966226616666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106705780597429, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

相互作用参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相互作用 ε/meV σ q/e
Si-Si 1.73 4.05 -0.60
O-O 9.88 2.86 0.30
C-C 2.43 3.40 -0.24
H-H 1.30 2.56 0.06
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二氧化硅多孔材料甲烷吸附的分子动力学模拟研究
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杨铭扬 1 , 杨博 1 , 宋一鸣 1 , 石钰 2 , 张楠 1 , 李新宏 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025,35(2): 168-174
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025, 35(2): 168-174
二氧化硅多孔材料甲烷吸附的分子动力学模拟研究
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杨铭扬1 , 杨博1, 宋一鸣1, 石钰2, 张楠1, 李新宏1
作者信息
  • 1 西安建筑科技大学 资源工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
  • 2 西安科技大学 安全科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710054
  • 杨铭扬 (1993—),男,陕西西安人,博士,讲师,主要从事微纳尺度传热传质、高效节能技术、能源安全等方面的研究。E-mail:

    石钰 副教授

    张楠 讲师

    李新宏 教授

Molecular dynamics simulation study of methane adsorption property in silica porous materials
Mingyang YANG1 , Bo YANG1, Yiming SONG1, Yu SHI2, Nan ZHANG1, Xinhong LI1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Resources Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an Shaanxi 710055,China
  • 2 College of Safety Science and Engineering,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an Shaanxi 710054,China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0402
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为探究甲烷在硅基多孔介质内的吸附机制,采用LAMMPS开源软件构建大尺寸甲烷吸附模型(28.6 nm×14.3 nm×125 nm),并在正则系综下进行超长时间吸附过程(1 000 ns)的分子动力学模拟,获得稳定的吸附体系;探究温度与多孔介质表面特性对甲烷在多孔介质中吸附行为的影响特征,揭示其微观吸附机制;并针对纳米尺度吸附过程,开发甲烷气体分子吸附识别算法,实现精准识别吸附在多孔介质上的甲烷分子,根据试验结果验证吸附识别算法。结果表明:随着温度升高,甲烷吸附量逐渐降低,当温度超过500 K时,温度增加对甲烷吸附量的影响较小;当气固相互作用参数ϕ小于0.8时(接触角大于75.6°),氧化硅的表面特性对吸附量的影响较小。

二氧化硅  /  多孔材料  /  甲烷吸附  /  分子动力学  /  吸附识别  /  表面特性

To investigate the methane adsorption mechanism in porous media,a methane adsorption model was constructed using the LAMMPS(Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator) software. And large-scale molecular dynamics simulations (28.6 nm×14.3 nm×125 nm) were conducted over an extended duration of 1 000 ns to obtain a stable adsorption system. The study primarily focused on exploring the effects of temperature and surface properties of porous media on methane adsorption behavior,revealing the underlying microscopic adsorption mechanism. Additionally,a nano-scale methane adsorption recognition algorithm was developed to precisely identify adsorbed methane molecules within porous media. The results showed that methane adsorption decreases with increasing temperature. The effect of temperature becomes negligible when it exceeds 500 K. When the gas-solid interaction parameter (ϕ) is less than 0.8 (contact angle less than 75.6°),the surface characteristics of silica have a minimal effect on adsorption capacity.

silica  /  porousmaterial  /  methane absorption  /  molecular dynamics  /  absorption identification  /  surface properties
杨铭扬, 杨博, 宋一鸣, 石钰, 张楠, 李新宏. 二氧化硅多孔材料甲烷吸附的分子动力学模拟研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (2) : 168 -174 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0402
Mingyang YANG, Bo YANG, Yiming SONG, Yu SHI, Nan ZHANG, Xinhong LI. Molecular dynamics simulation study of methane adsorption property in silica porous materials[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (2) : 168 -174 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0402
天然气是一种极具发展潜力的清洁能源[1],然而,甲烷气体具有轻质、不易液化的特点,这给甲烷的储存和运输带来一定困难[2]。随着纳米科技和制备工艺的发展,纳米氧化硅多孔材料具有超低密度、超高比表面积和化学性质稳定等特点,广泛应用于气体吸附储能、建筑节能、航空航天等领域。针对甲烷气体的吸附储存,相对于低温液化和室温下的高压压缩(20~30 MPa),采用纳米多孔吸附质在常温和较低压力下更安全和经济。氧化硅具有稳定的化学特性,是硅基纳米多孔材料的主要组成部分,以氧化硅气凝胶材料为例,具有高比表面积(1 000 m2/g)和孔隙率(99%),是甲烷储存的理想吸附质。通过对氧化硅表面改性,还可实现其对特定气体的吸附性能。
目前,关于纳米尺度下甲烷的吸附机制,国内外学者开展了大量试验及模拟研究。试验测量方面,赵静等[3]通过试验制备测量了粉体炭与型炭床层在甲烷充气过程中的温度变化;PÉREZ-BOTELLA等[4]测量了氧化硅颗粒中甲烷扩散活化能和有效扩散率。由于甲烷吸附过程发生在纳米尺度,采用试验测量手段,难以探究其微观吸附机制。数值模拟方面,任俊豪等[5]基于分子模拟研究甲烷在石英结构纳米孔隙内的吸附机制;HE Jian等[6]采用分子动力学模拟,构建周期性孔隙结构,进行了1 ns的吸附模拟,研究了压力梯度孔隙结构对甲烷流动的影响特征;WANG Dongbo等[7]采用分子动力学模拟,在周期性边界条件下,构建含湿氧化硅孔隙结构,探究孔隙内水分子浓度对甲烷气体吸附的影响;WU Hengan等[8]采用分子动力学模拟探究了甲烷在受限孔隙内的吸附机制,以及孔隙宽度对其吸附过程的影响。同时,吸附质的表面特性对气体吸附的影响较大。CHAI Jingchun等[9]采用分子动力学模拟,探究了氧化硅表面不同官能团覆盖率与其表面亲疏水性的对应关系。当氧化硅表面硅烷化百分比高于50%时,接触角可以超过90°。由于吸附质表面存在不同官能团,形成不同亲疏水性的表面特性,难以准确量化表面特性对气体吸附的影响。综上,现有研究采用试验测量及表征方法难以揭示纳米尺度的吸附特征,同时,采用分子尺度的模拟研究,通常由于模拟体系较小(仅为几纳米)、计算时间较短(几纳秒)等特点,难以获得准确的吸附特征。此外,由于甲烷在多孔介质中发生动态吸/脱附现象,无法实时计算动态吸附量,造成模拟结果存在一定偏差。
鉴于此,笔者采用大尺度分子动力学模拟(28.6nm×14.3 nm×125 nm)进行超长时间原子尺度吸附(1 000 ns),探究温度、吸附质表面特性对甲烷吸附的影响特征,根据甲烷气体与吸附质之间的短程相互作用,创新性地构建吸附识别方法,并根据试验结果进行验证,以期为新型硅基纳米材料在甲烷储存方面的设计和优化提供新思路。
采用LAMMPS(Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator)开源分子动力学模拟软件构建纳米多孔材料中甲烷气体吸附的分子模型,探究不同温度下甲烷气体在多孔介质内的吸附特征,选取温度为300、400、500及600 K的4种工况。甲烷吸附体系分子动力学模型构建如图1所示。模拟体系大小为28.6nm×14.3 nm×125 nm,包括刚性无定形氧化硅控压板、无定形氧化硅多孔材料、刚性无定形氧化硅固定板、全原子甲烷分子组成。其中,无定形氧化硅结构采用熔化-退火的方法生成[10],并通过径向分布函数验证结构。模拟体系内,刚性控压板、刚性固定板的氧化硅原子数均为53 880个,甲烷气体原子数为12 000个,多孔氧化硅结构原子数为198 855,由直径为6 nm的纳米颗粒球规则排列构成多孔结构,其比表面积为345 m2/g。
为探究温度对多孔介质中甲烷气体的微观吸附影响机制,设置模拟体系在正则系综下,保持超长的弛豫时间(1 000 ns)以获得稳定吸附结构,模拟时间步长为0.05 ps。为控制单一变量,确保体系的压力控制,采用活塞控压法控制体系的压力为0.5 MPa。首先,根据体系的模拟压力p(0.5 MPa),对刚性控压板施加一个固定的外力Fa
p = F a N s / S
式中: N s为刚性板的原子总数,取53 880;S为刚性板的面积,m2。根据式(1)得到对于刚性板每一个原子施加的力为Fa=2.4×10-6 eV/Å。当体系达到平衡态时,施加在刚性板的外力等于气体分子对刚性板的作用力,使得刚性板的高度在固定值波动。
模拟体系采用周期性边界条件,为避免原子穿过模拟体系下方,对吸附过程造成一定影响,采用固定刚性板实现阻碍气体分子的运动。对于以上刚性板,不考虑分子间的相互作用,作为理想“刚体”。在模拟体系内,氧化硅间的相互作用采用Tersoff势函数进行描述[11]。甲烷气体采用短程范德华力相互作用 U V及长程库伦相互作用描述 U C,甲烷气体采用刚性气体模型。甲烷和氧化硅之间采用短程范德华相互作用描述,相互作用参数见表1[12]
U V = i j > i ε i j σ i j r i j 12 - σ i j r i j 6
U C = q i q j 4 π ε 0 r i j
式中: r i j ε i j分别为原子ij的相对距离和能量参数; ε 0为介电常数; q i q j分别为原子ij的电荷量。
通过统计控压刚性板的质心变化以验证模拟体系是否达到平衡态,即,当体系达到平衡态时,施加在刚性板的外力与气体分子对刚性板的作用力达到平衡,刚性板质心应趋于稳定。
模拟体系质心高度随模拟时间变化特征如图2所示。统计模拟过程中不同温度下刚性板的质心高度,在250 ns之前,刚性板的质心高度发生明显波动,其中,在500 ns时温度小于600 K的工况已经到平衡态,在模拟体系达到750 ns之后,所有工况下的体系质心高度在固定值波动,这表明:模拟体系压力控制在0.5 MPa,并且达到平衡态。
准确吸附识别算法是计算多孔结构甲烷吸附量的前提,当模拟体系达到平衡态时,对于甲烷气体分子会存在2种形式:①吸附在多孔材料内的甲烷分子;②在体系内自由扩散的甲烷分子。然而,对于吸附在多孔材料内的甲烷气体来说,甲烷分子在固体壁面之间发生动态的吸附和脱附过程。尤其当模拟体系温度不同时,甲烷吸附/脱附过程对吸附气体数量统计的影响将不可忽略。
采用甲烷气体与多孔氧化硅固体壁面之间的截断半径R进行判断。当甲烷分子的动能大于氧化硅结构对甲烷分子的相互作用时,对于吸附在氧化硅表面的气体分子,与氧化硅固体壁面之间的相对距离较小。相反,吸附的甲烷气体分子,其对应的相对距离较大。吸附甲烷气体的识别算法如图3所示,其中,rc为甲烷分子到二氧化硅的距离,当rc<R时,甲烷分子被标记为吸附气体。
根据以上分析,将甲烷分子记为i,其对应的分子坐标为 ( x i y i z i ),将氧化硅分子记为j,其对应的坐标为 ( x j y j z j )。因此,甲烷气体分子与氧化硅之间的相对距离d表示为: d = ( x i - x j ) 2 + ( y i - y j ) 2 + ( z i - z j ) 2
显然,d<R时,认为甲烷气体被吸附在多孔氧化硅上。模拟体系中吸附的甲烷气体分子数N可表示为:
N = i = 1 i j N i   j = 1 i j N j f
f = 1 d < R 0 d > R
根据构建的吸附识别方法,不同相对距离对吸附甲烷分子数量的统计影响较大,因此,根据试验结果验证提出的识别方法。选取截断半径为0.5、0.8、1.0及1.5 nm,为控制单一变量,选取气体压力为0.5 MPa,温度为300 K,分别统计模拟过程中不同截断半径下吸附的甲烷气体分子。不同截断半径下甲烷吸附量如图4a所示。当截断半径为0.5 nm时,吸附层仅为距离氧化硅表面的0.5 nm的区域,吸附量最低((0.34±0.016) mmol/g)。相反,当截断半径为1.5 nm时,识别计算出的吸附量达到最大((0.42±0.026) mmol/g)。
试验测量结果与模拟结果对比如图4b所示。为验证截断半径的选择范围,选取试验结果纳米氧化硅材料(比表面积为382.5 m2/g),当温度为308.15 K,压力为0.5 MPa时,试验测量结果((0.40±0.09) mmol/g)和模拟结果相吻合[13]。因此,选择1.5 nm作为甲烷吸附识别的截断半径。其误差可能由于模拟温度于试验测量温度不一致导致,同时,试验测量过程及不同的氧化硅吸附质也可能造成一定误差。这证明了吸附识别方法可靠。
考虑不同的模拟体系温度,即T=350、400、500、600 K。选取相同的模型设置,为得到稳定的吸附结果,在正则系综下选取超长模拟时间为1 000 ns。在识别吸附的甲烷分子时,选取截断半径为1.5 nm。不同温度下甲烷的吸附数量如图5所示。当模拟时间小于500 ns时,吸附数量发生明显波动,表明体系还没有达到平衡态。当模拟时间为750 ns时,吸附数量在恒定值附近波动,这表明体系已经达到平衡态。根据图5,350、400、500、600K下的吸附甲烷分子个数/气体分子总数,分别为0.3±0.027 5、0.21±0.015 3、0.13±0.004 3及0.07±0.005 5。
随着温度升高,吸附的甲烷分子在热环境下,其动能大于氧化硅对其的相互作用并发生脱附,使得吸附的气体分子数量减少。
为进一步揭示温度对吸附量的影响,选取750 ns之后的吸附数据,即平均吸附的气体分子。不同温度下甲烷吸附量统计如图6a所示。从图6a可以看出,吸附的甲烷气体分子随着温度升高快速降低。为了解耦压力对气体吸附的影响,引入无量纲的归一化吸附量,将不同温度下吸附的甲烷气体分子记为N,将归一化的吸附量记为N/N0。温度对甲烷影响的归一化统计如图6b所示。随着温度升高,甲烷吸附量快速降低,当温度超过500 K时,对甲烷吸附量的影响较小。不同温度下的气体吸附量可以表示为:
N N 0 = 1.21 × 10 - 5 T 2 - 0.014   3 T + 4.537
为进一步探究氧化硅不同表面特性对甲烷吸附量的影响,氧化硅表面存在不同官能团(如羟基等),不同官能团会改变氧化硅表面的亲疏水性。将氧化硅固体与气体/液体的固液相互作用参数记为 ϕ,采用水在二氧化硅表面接触角进行表征。首先,构建无定形氧化硅板结构,其模拟体系大小为14.3 nm×14.3 nm×20 nm,选取TIP3P全原子水分子模型,在氧化硅上方构建3 000个水分子。水分子与氧化硅之间的相互作用为范德华力及库仑相互作用,其相互作用的能量参数记为ε,其距离参数为σ。具体参照文献[14],氧化硅之间采用Tersoff势函数进行描述。将模拟体系在正则系综下弛豫1 ns,当体系达到平衡态时,水分子与氧化硅表面间形成一定接触角。
不同亲疏水的氧化硅表面如图7所示。当ϕ=0.3时,氧化硅表面为超疏水表面,其接触角为11.8°;当ϕ=1.5时,氧化硅表面为亲水表面,其接触角为141°。
为揭示氧化硅表面特性对气体吸附的影响特征,通过调节相互作用参数形成具有不同亲疏水性的氧化硅表面,其调节后的能量参数记为ε*=ϕε,其中,ϕ=0.3、0.5、0.8、1.0、1.5。
采用构建的吸附识别算法,并选取截断半径为1.5 nm,统计模拟时间内吸附在氧化硅表面的甲烷分子。不同表面特性对吸附量的影响如图8所示。由于氧化硅与甲烷之间的相互作用较小,当ϕ<1时,接触角为42°,观察到甲烷的吸附量大幅度降低。当ϕ=0.8时,接触角为75.6°,甲烷的吸附量为0.27 mmol/g,相比于ϕ=1.0时,吸附量降低35.6%。因此,氧化硅表面的亲疏水特性对甲烷的吸附影响较大。
1) 基于甲烷分子与多孔氧化硅的截断半径,提出吸附识别算法,该算法可精准区分吸附态与自由态甲烷,为定量分析分子模拟结果提供理论支撑。
2) 温度显著影响甲烷在多孔氧化硅中的吸附行为。随着温度升高,甲烷吸附量显著降低;当温度超过500 K时,吸附量趋于稳定。进一步构建了温度与甲烷吸附量的经验关联式,可实现不同温度下甲烷吸附量的快速预测。
3) 探究不同氧化硅表面亲疏水性对甲烷吸附的作用特征,当气固相互作用参数 ϕ<0.8时,接触角大于75.6°,氧化硅的表面特性对甲烷吸附的影响较大,相比于 ϕ=1.0时,吸附量降低35.6%。
  • 国家资助博士后研究人员计划项目(GZC20232066)
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2025年第35卷第2期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0402
  • 接收时间:2024-09-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-14
  • 修回日期:2024-11-18
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国家资助博士后研究人员计划项目(GZC20232066)
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    1 西安建筑科技大学 资源工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
    2 西安科技大学 安全科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710054
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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