Article(id=1148106704983683612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)01-0094-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0025, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723305600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-11, revisedDate=1728835200000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659569259, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659569259, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659569259, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659569259, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106697601704181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659567499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401533944, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=94, endPage=102, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149757475672474184, articleId=1148106704983683612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Effects of excavation support of deep and large foundation pit on gravel stratum on adjacent existing road, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To prevent accidents and disasters, such as the collapse of existing roads nearby, caused by deep and large foundation pit excavation and support, it is necessary to ensure the safe operation of adjacent roads during the construction of deep and large foundation pits. Taking a deep and large foundation pit project near a city trunk road in Kunming as an example, on the basis of in-depth research at the site, the three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation software-new eXperience of GeoTechnical analysis system(MIDAS GTS NX) is used for simulation and calculation, and combined with on-site monitoring, to analyse the force and deformation characteristics of the foundation pit support structure and the deformation characteristics of the adjacent existing road under the existing excavation and support scheme. The study results indicated that the forces and deformations of the supporting piles and anchor cables were within design limits after the foundation pit excavation and support were complete. The displacement near the existing road increased with the increase of pit excavation depth, and become stable after the excavation was completed. The maximum deformation of the existing road occurred at a position 2.5 times the excavation depth from the foundation pit boundary. Furthermore, the deformation did not reach the alarm threshold for road displacement caused by foundation pit excavation. Thus, the existing support scheme can ensure the safety of both the foundation pit and the adjacent road.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yanhui GUO, Rui MA, Shilin MAO, Yong QIAN, Mingzhong DING, Qin SONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148106717528847098, articleId=1148106704983683612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=圆砾地层深大基坑开挖支护对临近既有道路的影响, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为防止深大基坑开挖支护引起临近既有道路坍塌等事故灾害的发生,确保深大基坑施工过程中临近道路的安全运行,以昆明市临近城市主干道路某深大基坑工程为例,在现场深入调研的基础上,采用岩土与隧道有限元分析软件(MIDAS GTS NX)仿真计算,并结合现场监测,分析现有开挖支护方案下基坑支护结构的受力与变形特征及临近既有道路的变形特征。研究结果表明:基坑开挖支护结束后,支护桩、锚索的受力与变形均处于设计允许范围内。临近既有道路的位移随基坑开挖深度的增加而增大,在基坑开挖结束后位移趋于稳定。既有道路的变形最大值出现在距基坑边界2.5倍开挖深度的位置,且该变形量未达到基坑开挖引起的道路位移报警阈值,认为现有支护方案可保障基坑及既有道路的安全。

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郭延辉 (1985—),男,陕西延安人,博士,副教授,主要从事岩土与地下工程方面的研究。E-mail:

毛石林 正高级工程师

钱勇 高级工程师

丁明忠 工程师

宋琴 高级工程师

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钱勇 高级工程师

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丁明忠 工程师

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丁明忠 工程师

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宋琴 高级工程师

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宋琴 高级工程师

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Study on the influence of complex excavation on piles in land and seabed using numerical simulation[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165722026896531906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106704983683612, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=GB 50497—2019, 建筑基坑工程监测技术标准, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB 50497—2019, 建筑基坑工程监测技术标准[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165722026955252163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106704983683612, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=GB 50497-2019, Technical standard for monitoring of building excavation engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB 50497-2019, Technical standard for 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106704983683612, language=CN, label=图14, caption=临近道路竖向位移监测值与模拟值对比, figureFileSmall=MOYAwQW3JpvG2maoLStwgw==, figureFileBig=0Z9QMelpQ76p7E81OIjIIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165722024606441885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106704983683612, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physical-mechanical parameters of soils

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地层 弹性
模量/
MPa
泊松
容重/
(kN·m-3)
黏聚
力/
kPa
内摩
擦角/
(°)
三轴割
线刚度/
(kN·m-2)
杂填土 7.0 0.28 18.7 19.5 8.5 3 850
泥炭土 12.1 0.40 13.2 20.0 6.0 6 655
圆砾土 196.7 0.46 19.4 9.4 41.0 108 185
粉质
黏土
16.0 0.30 19.0 40.0 12.0 8 800
), ArticleFig(id=1165722024665162142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106704983683612, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

地层物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地层 弹性
模量/
MPa
泊松
容重/
(kN·m-3)
黏聚
力/
kPa
内摩
擦角/
(°)
三轴割
线刚度/
(kN·m-2)
杂填土 7.0 0.28 18.7 19.5 8.5 3 850
泥炭土 12.1 0.40 13.2 20.0 6.0 6 655
圆砾土 196.7 0.46 19.4 9.4 41.0 108 185
粉质
黏土
16.0 0.30 19.0 40.0 12.0 8 800
), ArticleFig(id=1165722024728076703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106704983683612, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Structural physical and mechanical parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构形式 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比 容重/(kN·m-3)
锚索 195 000 0.30 78.5
支护桩 31 500 0.20 25.0
压密注浆 25 000 0.30 23.0
高压旋喷加固、
挡土墙
31 500 0.20 25.0
), ArticleFig(id=1165722024795185568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106704983683612, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

结构物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构形式 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比 容重/(kN·m-3)
锚索 195 000 0.30 78.5
支护桩 31 500 0.20 25.0
压密注浆 25 000 0.30 23.0
高压旋喷加固、
挡土墙
31 500 0.20 25.0
), ArticleFig(id=1165722024858100129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106704983683612, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

On-site monitoring deployment method and quantity

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现场监
测项目
布设方法 数量 监测点编号
道路竖
向位移
间距为6m,布设10排测点,每排共布设8个 80 F1-1—F1-8、F2-1—F2-8、F3-1—F3-8、F4-1—F4-8、F5-1—F5-8、F6-1—F6-8、F7-1—F7-8、F8-1—F8-8、F9-1—F9-8、F10-1—F10-8
桩顶水
平位移
每隔15~20 m布设一个 5 WY63、WY64、WY65、WY66、WY67
桩顶竖
向位移
每隔15~20 m布设一个 5 W63、W64、W65、
W66、W67
锚索
内力
布设在具有代表性部位,数量为总数的1%~3%,每层竖向保持一致 6 M1-032—M6-032
), ArticleFig(id=1165722024929403298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106704983683612, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

现场监测布设方法及数量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
现场监
测项目
布设方法 数量 监测点编号
道路竖
向位移
间距为6m,布设10排测点,每排共布设8个 80 F1-1—F1-8、F2-1—F2-8、F3-1—F3-8、F4-1—F4-8、F5-1—F5-8、F6-1—F6-8、F7-1—F7-8、F8-1—F8-8、F9-1—F9-8、F10-1—F10-8
桩顶水
平位移
每隔15~20 m布设一个 5 WY63、WY64、WY65、WY66、WY67
桩顶竖
向位移
每隔15~20 m布设一个 5 W63、W64、W65、
W66、W67
锚索
内力
布设在具有代表性部位,数量为总数的1%~3%,每层竖向保持一致 6 M1-032—M6-032
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圆砾地层深大基坑开挖支护对临近既有道路的影响
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郭延辉 1 , 马蕊 1 , 毛石林 2 , 钱勇 2 , 丁明忠 2 , 宋琴 2
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025,35(1): 94-102
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025, 35(1): 94-102
圆砾地层深大基坑开挖支护对临近既有道路的影响
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郭延辉1 , 马蕊1, 毛石林2, 钱勇2, 丁明忠2, 宋琴2
作者信息
  • 1 昆明理工大学 公共安全与应急管理学院,云南 昆明 650093
  • 2 云南建投第六建设有限公司,云南 玉溪 653199
  • 郭延辉 (1985—),男,陕西延安人,博士,副教授,主要从事岩土与地下工程方面的研究。E-mail:

    毛石林 正高级工程师

    钱勇 高级工程师

    丁明忠 工程师

    宋琴 高级工程师

Effects of excavation support of deep and large foundation pit on gravel stratum on adjacent existing road
Yanhui GUO1 , Rui MA1, Shilin MAO2, Yong QIAN2, Mingzhong DING2, Qin SONG2
Affiliations
  • 1 Faculty of Public Safety and Emergency Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunan 650093, China
  • 2 Yunnan Construction Investment No.6 Construction Co., Ltd., Yuxi Yunnan 653199, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0025
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为防止深大基坑开挖支护引起临近既有道路坍塌等事故灾害的发生,确保深大基坑施工过程中临近道路的安全运行,以昆明市临近城市主干道路某深大基坑工程为例,在现场深入调研的基础上,采用岩土与隧道有限元分析软件(MIDAS GTS NX)仿真计算,并结合现场监测,分析现有开挖支护方案下基坑支护结构的受力与变形特征及临近既有道路的变形特征。研究结果表明:基坑开挖支护结束后,支护桩、锚索的受力与变形均处于设计允许范围内。临近既有道路的位移随基坑开挖深度的增加而增大,在基坑开挖结束后位移趋于稳定。既有道路的变形最大值出现在距基坑边界2.5倍开挖深度的位置,且该变形量未达到基坑开挖引起的道路位移报警阈值,认为现有支护方案可保障基坑及既有道路的安全。

圆砾地层  /  深大基坑  /  开挖支护  /  既有道路  /  变形影响  /  现场监测

To prevent accidents and disasters, such as the collapse of existing roads nearby, caused by deep and large foundation pit excavation and support, it is necessary to ensure the safe operation of adjacent roads during the construction of deep and large foundation pits. Taking a deep and large foundation pit project near a city trunk road in Kunming as an example, on the basis of in-depth research at the site, the three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation software-new eXperience of GeoTechnical analysis system(MIDAS GTS NX) is used for simulation and calculation, and combined with on-site monitoring, to analyse the force and deformation characteristics of the foundation pit support structure and the deformation characteristics of the adjacent existing road under the existing excavation and support scheme. The study results indicated that the forces and deformations of the supporting piles and anchor cables were within design limits after the foundation pit excavation and support were complete. The displacement near the existing road increased with the increase of pit excavation depth, and become stable after the excavation was completed. The maximum deformation of the existing road occurred at a position 2.5 times the excavation depth from the foundation pit boundary. Furthermore, the deformation did not reach the alarm threshold for road displacement caused by foundation pit excavation. Thus, the existing support scheme can ensure the safety of both the foundation pit and the adjacent road.

rounded gravel stratum  /  deep and large foundation pit  /  excavation support  /  existing road  /  deformation impact  /  site monitoring
郭延辉, 马蕊, 毛石林, 钱勇, 丁明忠, 宋琴. 圆砾地层深大基坑开挖支护对临近既有道路的影响. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (1) : 94 -102 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0025
Yanhui GUO, Rui MA, Shilin MAO, Yong QIAN, Mingzhong DING, Qin SONG. Effects of excavation support of deep and large foundation pit on gravel stratum on adjacent existing road[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (1) : 94 -102 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0025
随着城市建设的不断发展,基坑工程面临着越来越多的问题[1]。为建设高大建(构)筑物或获取更大的利用空间,建筑物只能向地下更深部发展,加上基坑工程周围环境复杂,紧邻主要城市道路,一旦基坑出现道路坍塌工程事故,必将危及周边安全,甚至可能造成严重的财产损失、人员伤亡和不良社会影响[2-3]。因此,研究深大基坑开挖支护对临近既有道路的变形影响显得尤为重要。
目前,针对基坑开挖支护引起周围环境变形,国内外学者大多通过数值仿真和现场监测等手段开展研究。如汪东林等[4]结合现场监测和数值模拟,研究既有紧邻高速公路偏压作用下深基坑开挖过程中围护桩位移及其路基沉降特征;焦宁等[5]开展了土岩复合地层中深基坑开挖的现场监测和数值模拟研究,分析了在土岩复合地层中深基坑开挖对邻近管线变形的影响;郭延辉等[6]基于三维数值模拟,分析了深基坑施工对邻近既有高压天然气管道安全的影响;叶帅华等[7]根据基坑周边土体、支护结构、邻近建筑物监测数据,以及借助Plaxis 3D软件模拟基坑开挖,分析了基坑变形特性及对邻近建筑物的影响;雷华阳等[8]利用有限元方法研究了不同基坑开挖深度、不同路基至基坑距离等因素下基坑开挖对路基的影响特征;王培鑫等[9]基于现场实测数据分析了某紧邻既有铁路线的基坑开挖过程中路基与基坑的变形、沉降原因,并提出治理措施;ZHAO Jinpeng等[10]针对以风化花岗岩为基岩的上软下硬土层的基坑工程,通过现场监测和数值模拟研究了明挖法基坑支护结构和基坑周边环境的变形响应;FENG Zheyuan等[11]采用有限元软件模拟了苏州某对称基坑,并通过现场实测资料验证其可靠性,探讨了软土基坑开挖过程中围护结构及周围土体的变形机制。综上所述,虽然众多学者对基坑开挖支护引起周边环境的变形开展了大量的研究,但因地层条件、工程类型、支护方式、周边环境的复杂性,深大基坑开挖支护对临近既有道路变形影响方面的研究还不足。
鉴于此,笔者以昆明市某圆砾地层深大基坑工程为研究对象,采用岩土与隧道有限元分析软件(MIDAS New eXperience of GeoTechnical analysis System,MIDAS GTS NX)模拟和现场实测,研究深大基坑开挖对临近既有道路的变形影响及支护结构的可靠性;对比分析施工过程中监测数据及数值模拟结果,验证计算方法和参数选取的可靠性,以期为同类深大基坑的设计、施工提供参考依据。
以昆明市某基坑为例,该基坑平面形状近似矩形,东西方向长约465m,南北方向宽198m,周边长度约1 340m,平面面积约70 000m2,开挖深度约18m,属深大基坑。基坑与既有道路位置如图1所示,基坑西侧道路为沣源路,长度约206m,宽为48m,基坑距用地红线8m,距沣源路约12m,距基坑边界1.5He(He为开挖深度)。沣源路边缘埋设电缆管道、排污管、交通信号、燃气管道、给水管、雨水管和城市照明等线路管道,埋深不尽相同,对变形较敏感。
项目场地位于昆明滇池断陷盆地北端,盆地形状呈不规则状,但总体上南北较长,东西较窄,地面标高介于1 901.89~1 907.57m,最大高差约5.68m。场地的地基土主要为第四系人工堆积层:人工填土;第四系冲洪积层:黏土、圆砾、粉土;第四系沼泽相沉积层:泥炭质土、有机质土。其中,圆砾地层是支护结构穿越的主要地层区域,占揭露面积85%以上。
基坑场地内观测到的静止水位埋深介于1.6~5.2m,水位标高介于1 899.03~1 903.48m,整个场地水位东高西低,向盘龙江径流排泄,地下水面有一定的坡降。含水层主要有圆砾地层③、圆砾地层 ④、圆砾地层⑤、圆砾地层⑥等,以上地层均属强透水地层,富含水层,基坑地下水补给范围广,水量极为丰富,水位埋藏浅。基底开挖揭露至圆砾地层(单元层号④)。
该基坑西侧沣源路AB剖面的支护结构剖面如图2所示。基坑主要支护形式为支护桩+压密注浆+锚索+坑内高压旋喷地基加固。支护桩采用旋挖钻孔灌注桩,桩径1.2m,桩间距为1.5m,桩身混凝土等级为水下C35,保护层厚度为50mm。沣源路侧基坑支护桩桩长45m,桩数量为72。锚索采用可回收压力分散型锚索,锚索竖向布置为8道,锚索水平间距为1.5~3m,竖向间距为2~4m,锚索自由端和锚固段长度各不相同(图2),与水平面呈20°。预应力锚索极限抗拔承载力设计值为423.5 kN。注浆孔间距为1.5m,位于灌注桩之间。
基坑模型边界的长度、宽度、深度分别为730、460、100m。基坑周长1 286m,开挖深度18m。模型节点总数为128 601,单元个数为228 602,基坑整体形状如图3a所示,支护结构模型如图3b所示。
假设土层厚度均匀,土层分布如下:杂填土为2.28m,泥炭土为1.80m,圆砾地层③为4.90m,圆砾地层④为16.00m,粉质黏土为2.30m,圆砾地层⑤为15.90m,粉质黏土为0.90m,圆砾地层⑥为55.92m。岩土体采用Hardening-Soil(HS)模型,支护结构采用各向同性的弹性本构模型。建立模型时支护桩采用1D梁单元来模拟,锚索采用1D植入式桁架单元来模拟,混凝土板采用2D板单元,高压旋喷加固、压密注浆、挡土墙采用3D实体单元。模型的边界条件采用自动约束的地基边界,自重载荷。
在岩土工程数值仿真中,土的本构模型是一个重要的因素,选取HS模型,该模型基于莫尔-库伦准则的同时考虑土体加卸载应力路径以及非线性应力应变关系,能够较好模拟基坑开挖卸荷引起的地层变形[12]。采用HS模型模拟时相关参数取经验值,圆砾取 E u r r e f = 3 E 50 r e f = 3 E o e d r e f,杂填土、泥炭土与粉质黏土取 E u r r e f = 2 E 50 r e f = 2 E o e d r e f[13],其中,参考压强 p r e f为100 kPa, E 50 r e f为三轴试验中参考压强下极限强度50%时的割线刚度, E o e d r e f为主压密试验中参考压强下的切线刚度, E u r r e f为卸载/加载刚度。破坏比 R f取0.9,孔隙率取0.6,应力水平相关幂指数m的取值范围为0.5≤m≤1(硬土取0.5,软土取1)。
根据地质勘测资料,各地层的物理力学参数见表1,结构物理力学参数见表2
基坑开挖前设置工况初始应力平衡及位移清零,随后钝化开挖,激活各个工况下的支护结构。模拟开挖、支护具体施工步骤如图4所示。
从受力情况来看,开挖结束后,支护桩最终轴力中间大,两端小,桩结构单元所受最大轴力为593 kN(图5)。数值模拟表明:桩结构单元轴向承载力设计值满足工程要求。
锚索轴力分布如图6所示,由图6可知:每层锚索自由端轴力均大于锚固端,且呈现由自由端向锚固端逐渐减小的趋势,同时,随着埋深的增加,锚索所受轴力均呈先增大后减小。锚索所受最大轴力为300 kN,位于第4、5道锚索自由端,轴力值在安全范围以内,支护效果良好。
基坑开挖是卸荷的过程,开挖导致初始应力平衡场被破坏,应力重分布,加上土体自重,基坑外土体向临空面移动,从而产生位移[14]。基坑开挖至坑底时临近道路位移分布如图7所示。其中,最大水平位移值为11.78mm,最大竖向位移为7.51mm。从总体上看,道路位移值都很小,说明支护设计具有一定的合理性,基坑开挖支护过程对道路影响较小。
基于模拟结果研究基坑不同开挖深度对道路变形的影响特征,不同开挖深度下道路竖向位移如图8所示,以道路监测点F1-6—F10-6为例。由图8可知:随基坑开挖深度增加道路竖向位移也增大;道路水平位移的变化特征同竖向位移,随基坑开挖深度的增加而增大。
不同道路位置位移如图9所示。从图9a图9b可以看出,当距离0<L<0.8He(L为距基坑边界距离)时,地层发生隆起;当距离0.8He<L<2.5He时,道路竖向位移和向坑内水平位移逐渐增大,最大位移值位于距基坑边界2.5He处。当距离2.5He<L<5.0He时,道路竖向位移和向坑内水平位移逐渐减小;当距离L>5.0He时,道路竖向位移和向坑内水平位移受基坑开挖影响可忽略不计。由图9c图9d可知:沿道路方向越靠近基坑边界的道路位置位移越大,向两端逐渐减小。
根据《建筑基坑工程监测技术标准》[15],为保证基坑开挖后临近既有道路的安全使用,监测基坑临近道路、支护桩及锚索。编号F系列为基坑西侧道路沣源路的监测点编号。支护桩顶竖向位移监测点位置同水平位移。沣源路侧锚索编号从上到下依次为M*-001—M*-070,该侧锚索内力监测点布置在M*-032。基坑现场监测布设方法及数量见表3
基坑临近道路及道路侧支护结构现场监测点布置如图10所示。
基坑开挖时坑内卸荷,支护桩后土体产生主动压力,导致支护桩向坑内的位移,基坑稳定性会受到影响,周边既有道路可能因基坑坍塌而无法使用。因此,需监测分析支护桩顶位移。
图11为支护桩顶监测点水平、竖向位移累积曲线,其中,水平位移累积曲线纵坐标正值表示向坑内位移,负值表示向坑外位移。由图11可知:基坑开挖过程中,桩顶水平位移最大值为17.00mm,桩顶最大水平位移介于基坑开挖深度的0.06%~0.10%,整体上呈现阶梯状变化,能够反映出在基坑开挖支护完成后存在一段时间位移不发生变化;支护桩顶竖向位移各监测点变化趋势相似,随基坑的开挖不断增大。W66、W65、W64竖向位移高于W63、W67,说明基坑中部支护桩顶竖向位移较两端大,其最大值为17.28mm,未达到报警值。
取监测点M1-032、M2-032、M3-032、M4-032、M5-032、M6-032来分析锚索内力变化特征,如图12所示。由图12可知:基坑开挖阶段(2019年12月20日之前)预应力锚索内力波动相对较大,基坑开挖结束后内力波动在一个相对稳定的数值范围内。锚索极限抗拔承载力设计值为423.5 kN,锚索利用率为14%~50%,内力值未超过设计允许范围,可保证基坑的安全。同时,锚索内力随埋深先增大后减小,与数值模拟特征相符。
选取监测点F8-1、F8-2、F8-3、F8-4、F8-5、F8-6、F8-7、F8-8绘制变形曲线,分析距基坑开挖边缘不同距离下道路沉降的变化情况,它们分别距基坑开挖边缘72、66、60、54、48、42、36、30m;选取与基坑侧平行且最近的监测点F1-8、F2-8、F3-8、F4-8、F5-8、F6-8、F7-8、F8-8、F9-8、F10-8来分析基坑开挖边缘平行线上道路不同监测点位置的变形情况,如图13所示。
图13可以看出,基坑开始监测时间为2019年4月26日,沣源路侧基坑现场开挖时间为2019年8月10日,在此之前沣源路已发生位移,主要由于前期支护桩、止水帷幕、压密注浆及地下连续墙施工,对土体变形有一定的影响。2019年12月20日之后,道路侧基坑开挖结束,道路沉降逐渐趋于平稳。18个监测点的沉降曲线变化趋势基本一致,均随着基坑开挖深度的加大,沉降变形逐步增大,开挖至基底时沉降为最大值。同一列的监测点数据之间无明显特征。由图13上部分可知:监测点F8-7的沉降曲线变化趋势最大,其沉降值为13.84mm,说明距基坑开挖边缘较近区域的沉降值较大。由图13下部分可知:10个测点沉降变化曲线中,总体上F7-8测点的沉降值最大,在工况7下的沉降值为11.43mm,小于警戒值。
根据全部监测点的沉降速率来看,S1、S2、S3、S4阶段,道路平均沉降速率缓慢增加,分别为0.03、0.03、0.04、0.04mm/d;S5、S6阶段平均沉降速率开始上升到0.08、0.10mm/d;S7阶段即基坑开挖至坑底,道路平均沉降速率加快到0.14mm/d。施工后期S5—S7阶段,基坑开挖深度的增加引起了道路沉降速率的增加。
选取沣源路侧监测点F1-2—F10-2的模拟值与监测值进行比较分析,结果如图14所示。由图14可知:模拟各工况后道路沉降的最大值为7.36mm,与现场监测值的13.70mm相差不大,模拟值与监测值的沉降差均在0~7mm以内。基坑监测点的模拟值均小于监测值,主要由于数值模拟没有考虑现场不确定因素:车辆行驶、机械荷载等,但模拟值与监测值变化曲线的基本趋势是一致的。
1) 圆砾地层深大基坑开挖支护结束后,支护桩、锚索结构的受力与变形均满足要求。支护桩顶水平位移呈现随开挖深度的增加水平位移阶梯状增大,基坑开挖结束后趋于稳定的变化特征;锚索内力呈现基坑开挖阶段大范围波动,开挖结束后趋于稳定波动的变化特征。
2) 不同道路位置受基坑开挖引起的位移不同。当距离0.8He<L<2.5He时,道路位移逐渐增大,最大位移值位于距基坑边界2.5He处。当距离2.5He<L<5.0He时,道路位移逐渐减小;当距离L>5.0He时,道路位移受基坑开挖影响可忽略不计。
3) 根据模拟与实测结果,临近道路变形未达基坑开挖引起道路位移的报警值,认为现有支护方案能满足基坑安全及道路保护的要求。
  • 云南省基础研究计划面上项目(202301AT070454)
  • 云南省基础研究计划重点项目(202501AS070107)
  • 云南省兴滇英才支持计划青年人才专项项目(KKXX202467043)
  • 国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2021106740085)
  • 国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2021106740086)
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2025年第35卷第1期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0025
  • 接收时间:2024-08-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-11
  • 修回日期:2024-10-14
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云南省基础研究计划面上项目(202301AT070454)
云南省基础研究计划重点项目(202501AS070107)
云南省兴滇英才支持计划青年人才专项项目(KKXX202467043)
国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2021106740085)
国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2021106740086)
作者信息
    1 昆明理工大学 公共安全与应急管理学院,云南 昆明 650093
    2 云南建投第六建设有限公司,云南 玉溪 653199
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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