Article(id=1148106704383894095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)01-0120-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0543, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723219200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-10, revisedDate=1728662400000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659569115, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659569115, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659569115, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659569115, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106697601704181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659567499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401533944, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=120, endPage=126, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149757475072688687, articleId=1148106704383894095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Research on fatigue crack propagation of injection-production string in gas storage facilities under alternating pressure load, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To improve the safety risk prediction accuracy of injection-production string, a joint simulation analysis method was used to perform finite element verification of the fatigue crack propagation process of straight-notch compact tensile specimens. Then, a finite element model of fatigue crack propagation of injection-production string with external surface cracks in gas storage was proposed. Moreover, the injection-production strings' fatigue crack propagation behavior was analyzed under alternating pressure loads. The results indicated that the specimen simulations were consistent with the fatigue crack test results, indicating that the joint simulation method had high accuracy in fatigue crack propagation analysis. During the fatigue crack propagation of the injection-production string, the larger the initial crack's length-to-depth ratio or the higher the stress ratio, the faster the crack propagation rate with a critical minimum crack length of 4 mm. Under the same number of pressure load cycles, the larger the initial crack's circumferential angle, the longer the surface crack propagates, and the critical minimum circumferential angle was 45°. The crack consistently propagated along the axis of the pipe string regardless of the initial crack's circumferential angle, and the unstable propagation length was 52 mm. During alternating injection and production in gas storage, the amplitude of the alternating pressure load should be properly controlled to avoid the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks.

, correspAuthors=Qiang ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu ZHANG, Gang ZHANG, Qiang ZHANG, Qun MA, Xiaojie QIN, Rui JIA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148106713456173316, articleId=1148106704383894095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=压力交变载荷作用下储气库注采管柱疲劳裂纹扩展研究, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为提高注采管柱安全风险预测的准确性,首先,采用联合仿真分析方法,开展直通型缺口紧凑拉伸试样疲劳裂纹扩展过程有限元验证;然后,建立储气库含外表面裂纹注采管柱疲劳裂纹扩展有限元模型,在压力交变载荷作用下,研究储气库注采管柱的疲劳裂纹扩展行为。研究结果表明:试样模拟结果与疲劳裂纹试验结果基本吻合,表明联合仿真法在疲劳裂纹扩展分析方面具有较高精度;在注采管柱疲劳裂纹扩展过程中,初始裂纹的长深比越大或应力比越高,裂纹扩展速率越快,临界最小裂纹长度为4 mm;在相同的压力载荷循环次数下,初始裂纹周向夹角越大,表面裂纹扩展长度越长,临界最小周向夹角为45°;无论初始裂纹周向夹角如何,裂纹始终沿管柱轴线方向扩展,裂纹失稳扩展长度为52 mm;在储气库交替注采时,应合理控制交替注采压力载荷的幅值,避免疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展。

, correspAuthors=张强, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**张强(1981—),男,重庆人,博士,教授,主要从事油气管道和管柱力学研究。E-mail:
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张宇 (1988—),女,黑龙江大庆人,博士后,讲师,主要从事油气储运、分析化学、新能源等方面的研究。E-mail:

张强 教授

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Simulation specimen parameter

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试样编号 应力比R 最大拉载/kN 壁厚/mm
1 0.02 8.8 6.8
2 0.02 8.5 6.8
3 0.02 7.0 6.8
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模拟试样参数设置

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试样编号 应力比R 最大拉载/kN 壁厚/mm
1 0.02 8.8 6.8
2 0.02 8.5 6.8
3 0.02 7.0 6.8
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Fatigue crack propagation Paris parameters

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参数C 参数m 阈值ΔKth/
(MPa·m1/2)
断裂韧性因子Kc/
(MPa·m1/2)
5.40×10-9 2.88 4 156
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疲劳裂纹扩展Paris参数

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参数C 参数m 阈值ΔKth/
(MPa·m1/2)
断裂韧性因子Kc/
(MPa·m1/2)
5.40×10-9 2.88 4 156
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压力交变载荷作用下储气库注采管柱疲劳裂纹扩展研究
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张宇 1, 2 , 张罡 2 , 张强 2, ** , 马群 2 , 秦晓杰 2 , 贾蕊 2
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025,35(1): 120-126
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025, 35(1): 120-126
压力交变载荷作用下储气库注采管柱疲劳裂纹扩展研究
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张宇1, 2 , 张罡2, 张强2, ** , 马群2, 秦晓杰2, 贾蕊2
作者信息
  • 1 广州大学 化学化工学院,广东 广州 510006
  • 2 东北石油大学 机械科学与工程学院,黑龙江 大庆 163000
  • 张宇 (1988—),女,黑龙江大庆人,博士后,讲师,主要从事油气储运、分析化学、新能源等方面的研究。E-mail:

    张强 教授

通讯作者:

**张强(1981—),男,重庆人,博士,教授,主要从事油气管道和管柱力学研究。E-mail:
Research on fatigue crack propagation of injection-production string in gas storage facilities under alternating pressure load
Yu ZHANG1, 2 , Gang ZHANG2, Qiang ZHANG2, ** , Qun MA2, Xiaojie QIN2, Rui JIA2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, China
  • 2 School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing Heilongjiang 163000, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0543
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为提高注采管柱安全风险预测的准确性,首先,采用联合仿真分析方法,开展直通型缺口紧凑拉伸试样疲劳裂纹扩展过程有限元验证;然后,建立储气库含外表面裂纹注采管柱疲劳裂纹扩展有限元模型,在压力交变载荷作用下,研究储气库注采管柱的疲劳裂纹扩展行为。研究结果表明:试样模拟结果与疲劳裂纹试验结果基本吻合,表明联合仿真法在疲劳裂纹扩展分析方面具有较高精度;在注采管柱疲劳裂纹扩展过程中,初始裂纹的长深比越大或应力比越高,裂纹扩展速率越快,临界最小裂纹长度为4 mm;在相同的压力载荷循环次数下,初始裂纹周向夹角越大,表面裂纹扩展长度越长,临界最小周向夹角为45°;无论初始裂纹周向夹角如何,裂纹始终沿管柱轴线方向扩展,裂纹失稳扩展长度为52 mm;在储气库交替注采时,应合理控制交替注采压力载荷的幅值,避免疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展。

压力交变载荷  /  储气库  /  注采管柱  /  疲劳  /  裂纹扩展

To improve the safety risk prediction accuracy of injection-production string, a joint simulation analysis method was used to perform finite element verification of the fatigue crack propagation process of straight-notch compact tensile specimens. Then, a finite element model of fatigue crack propagation of injection-production string with external surface cracks in gas storage was proposed. Moreover, the injection-production strings' fatigue crack propagation behavior was analyzed under alternating pressure loads. The results indicated that the specimen simulations were consistent with the fatigue crack test results, indicating that the joint simulation method had high accuracy in fatigue crack propagation analysis. During the fatigue crack propagation of the injection-production string, the larger the initial crack's length-to-depth ratio or the higher the stress ratio, the faster the crack propagation rate with a critical minimum crack length of 4 mm. Under the same number of pressure load cycles, the larger the initial crack's circumferential angle, the longer the surface crack propagates, and the critical minimum circumferential angle was 45°. The crack consistently propagated along the axis of the pipe string regardless of the initial crack's circumferential angle, and the unstable propagation length was 52 mm. During alternating injection and production in gas storage, the amplitude of the alternating pressure load should be properly controlled to avoid the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks.

alternating pressure load  /  underground gas storage  /  injection and production pipe column  /  fatigue  /  crack propagation
张宇, 张罡, 张强, 马群, 秦晓杰, 贾蕊. 压力交变载荷作用下储气库注采管柱疲劳裂纹扩展研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (1) : 120 -126 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0543
Yu ZHANG, Gang ZHANG, Qiang ZHANG, Qun MA, Xiaojie QIN, Rui JIA. Research on fatigue crack propagation of injection-production string in gas storage facilities under alternating pressure load[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (1) : 120 -126 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0543
随着我国能源需求日益增加,天然气的供求失衡问题日益突出,巨大的调峰能力对储气设施提出了更高要求。储气库凭借其库容大、安全性高、储存转换成本低等优势,在天然气市场的应急调峰保障中扮演着越来越重要的角色。尽管储气库在全球范围内得到广泛应用,但其在使用过程中也面临着多种安全风险,如天然气泄漏、可燃气体爆炸等[1]。在井下注采管柱服役过程中,由于不断地注入和提取天然气,井下压力会出现一定波动,这种波动可能导致注采管柱产生疲劳,进而萌生裂纹并扩展,最终出现泄漏。因此,研究注采管柱在压力交变载荷作用下的裂纹扩展行为,对于预测注采管柱安全风险,减少事故的发生,具有现实意义。
目前,学者们开展了诸多地面、海底管道疲劳裂纹的研究,如朱豪豪等[2]采用扩展有限元法,研究了管道内表面缺陷处裂纹扩展情况;TORABI等[3]研究了实心圆轴在完全反向旋转弯曲条件下的疲劳裂纹增长;李思琦等[4]结合Clark模型和腐蚀环境下的Pairs模型,建立了应力腐蚀裂纹扩展寿命的计算模型;谢知伟[5]建立了管道半椭圆形裂纹有限元模型,研究了2种压力工况下不同初始裂纹尺寸的蠕变裂纹扩展寿命;周如江等[6]建立了低温环境下钛合金三维疲劳裂纹扩展模型,发现由于闭合效应,减小厚度或降低温度均会减缓试验合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率;徐媛媛等[7]采用最大切应力准则,分析了海底管道裂纹扩展模式,并基于Paris公式预测了海底管道的疲劳扩展寿命;董超等[8]研究了奥氏体不锈钢管焊缝的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,并根据Paris公式得出焊缝具有更高的裂纹扩展门槛值;梁铁波等[9]研究了316LN母材在室温和高温环境下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为。但当前学者们针对地下储气库注采管柱疲劳裂纹扩展方面的研究,还较为鲜见。
鉴于此,笔者拟采用联合仿真分析方法,建立针对储气库含裂纹管柱在压力交变载荷作用下的有限元模型,并采用数值模拟方法,分析注采管柱疲劳裂纹扩展过程,以期为注采管柱安全风险预测提供一定的参考。
图1为疲劳裂纹扩展模拟流程。该流程主要分为2个核心部分:①ABAQUS软件的建模与分析;②FRANC3D软件的裂纹扩展分析。
为验证采用FRANC3D与ABAQUS联合仿真方法的有效性,参照文献[10]的试验数据,构建直通型缺口紧凑拉伸试样的有限元模型,如图2所示。由于试样尺寸符合标准,且能够容易获得精确的试验数据,同时便于模拟分析,选择试样仿真研究疲劳裂纹扩展。在ABAQUS软件中,定义相应的载荷和边界条件。在试样上下2个孔洞上施加边界条件,限制其在xy方向上的位移。在上下加载孔的中心处P1和P2点,分别与上下加载柱面建立耦合约束,并在这些加载孔施加集中力F。整个模型采用8节点六面体线性减缩积分C3D8R单元进行网格划分。
在裂纹扩展区域,预先形成初始裂纹,并将裂纹前缘的网格单元尺寸设定为0.1 mm,这样做是为了更精确地计算裂纹尖端的应力强度因子[11]。在初始预制裂纹参数设定完成后,FRANC3D将自动执行网格重划分,生成包含初始裂纹的试样网格模型,共划分了30 349个单元,图3展示了裂纹尖端区域网格。
选取文献[10]中试样1、试样2和试样3的数据,尺寸和加载参数见表1
试样疲劳试验最终状态如图4所示,可见:裂纹沿着预制的开口方向扩展,直至断裂。将试验法测得的数据与有限元模拟得到的数据对比,其中,记录模拟裂纹扩展到15 mm,其结果如图5所示。其中,图5a给出了试样2疲劳裂纹模拟的扩展长度a对应的等效应力云图。可见:与试样疲劳试验的裂纹扩展形貌基本吻合,在载荷循环次数N达到9 725次时,观察到裂纹扩展了1 mm。随着N增加至73 925次,a增长显著,裂纹扩展了14 mm。通过提取3个试样在各个循环次数下的裂纹长度。图5b给出了疲劳裂纹扩展模拟循环次数与试样对比结果。从aN的关系可知:随着N的增加,裂纹长度急剧增长。对比试验和模拟的裂纹长度,试样1、试样2和试样3的最大误差分别为9.97%、4.41%和5.45%,表明联合仿真法在疲劳裂纹扩展模拟分析方面具有较高精度。
为对含有裂纹的注采管柱进行疲劳裂纹扩展分析,构建能够承受不同注采压力载荷条件的有限元模型,如图6所示。
首先,构建储气库注采管柱模型,长度为1 000 mm,内径为76 mm,壁厚为6.45 mm。材料选用P110管材,弹性模量为206 GPa,泊松比为0.3。整个模型网格采用8节点六面体C3D8R单元进行划分。随后,将储气库注采管柱模型导入FRANC3D软件中。将管柱的有限元模型划分2个区域:①未裂纹扩展区域,全局模型中的灰色区域(图6a);②裂纹扩展区域,如图6b所示的子模型。整体网格模型共划分为27 000个单元,裂纹扩展的分析仅在管柱子模型上进行。
将模型导入FRANC3D软件后,启动疲劳裂纹扩展的分析流程。为完成裂纹的自动扩展,需要依次完成4个关键步骤,具体操作为:
1) 引入初始裂纹。在子模型中引入初始裂纹,指定裂纹的形状为半椭圆形,并设置裂纹的长半轴和短半轴的具体尺寸。随后,定义裂纹前缘网格的半径,确保在这一区域拥有足够的网格密度,以提升分析精度。在完成所有参数配置后,更新有限元网格模型。
2) 施加疲劳载荷。在储气库运行过程中,高速气流会对管壁施加压力,井底的最小运行压力为20 MPa,最大运行压力为50 MPa。在ABAQUS分析环境中,对管柱模型施加边界条件,其中一端保持固定,在管柱内部施加变化的压力载荷。在进行有限元分析时,采用常幅疲劳载荷加载,并记录裂纹的扩展情况和对应的加载次数。在FRANC3D软件中,设置压力交变载荷的应力比R为20/50,即0.4,这意味着裂纹将在20~50 MPa的压力交变载荷范围内扩展。基于R,模拟计算不同初始裂纹形貌的管柱的疲劳裂纹扩展。
3) 计算应力强度因子。FRANC3D采用M-积分计算应力强度因子,能实现多工况的应力强度因子的叠加。利用M-积分可同时得到3种断裂模式的应力强度因子:KKK。具有复杂应力场的裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,可采用 M积分法表示为:
M 1,2 = Γ ( σ i j 1 u i 2 x 1 + σ i j 2 u i 1 x 1 - W 1,2 δ 1 , j ) q x j d s / A q
式中: Γ为围绕裂纹尖端的积分路径; σ i j为应力张量,Pa; u i为位移分量,m;ij为应力或位移在坐标系中的方向; W 1,2为相互作用应变能密度,J/m3;上标1和2分别表示实际场和辅助场; δ 1 , ji=1时的单位张量;s为单位纬线长度,m; A q为裂纹扩展的积分面积,m2 W 1,2定义为:
W 1,2 = σ i j 1 ε i j 2 = σ i j 2 ε i j 1
式中 ε i j为应变张量。
M-积分、材料属性和应力强度因子间的相关性表示为:
M 1,2 = 2 × 1 - ν 2 E K I 1 K I 2 + 1 - ν 2 E K I I 1 K I I 2 + 1 - ν 2 E K I I I 1 K I I I 2
式中: ν为泊松比;E为弹性模量,Pa;KIKIKIII分别为I型、II型、III型应力强度因子,MPa·m1/2
4) 选择扩展模型。在完成初始预制裂纹的模拟后,P110管材裂纹扩展速率 d a / d N与应力强度因子幅 Δ K之间的关系可由Paris公式得到,即
d a d N = C ( Δ K ) m
式中 C m均为材料常数。裂纹扩展的Paris参数[12]表2
设置注采管柱初始裂纹长半轴为b,初始裂纹短半轴(深度)为h,长深比b/h取1.5、2.0、2.5。不同b/h下的疲劳裂纹结果如图7所示。
图7a可知:当N小于500次时,a较小;随着N增加,a急剧增大。裂纹扩展速率随着初始裂纹b/h的增加而增大,特别是当N大于500次时,裂纹b/h的影响更显著。由图7b可知:初始时表面裂纹尖端的等效应力为1 441 MPa,N增加至1 265次,等效应力增加到6 160 MPa。
a超过3 mm时,b/h增加效应更加明显,体现在应力强度因子的增加上,不同b/h下储气库注采管柱应力强度因子如图8所示。具体而言,当a小于3 mm时,应力强度因子基本重合;当a大于3 mm,应力强度因子随着长深比的增加而增大。计算得出,当初始裂纹长度小于2b=4 mm、深度小于h=1 mm时,疲劳裂纹将不会发生扩展。据此,可以确定疲劳裂纹扩展的临界最小裂纹尺寸。当N达到1 477次时,裂纹发生失稳扩展,此时裂纹扩展长度为2b=53 mm,裂纹失稳扩展临界长度取52 mm。
在压力交变载荷影响下,研究周向夹角对疲劳裂纹的影响。周向夹角 β指裂纹面与管柱轮廓圆周周向线之间的角度,范围0~90°。取3种不同初始周向夹角 β,即60、75和90°,图9为不同角度下储气库注采管柱疲劳裂纹扩展的模拟结果,图9aβ的示意图。观察图9a曲线可知:对于特定的管柱尺寸,在N保持一致条件下,初始β越大,所形成的表面裂纹长度也更长。同时,形成相同长度表面裂纹所需的N随着β的增大而减少,表明β越大,管柱的预期剩余寿命越短。计算得出,当β低于45°时,疲劳裂纹将不会发生扩展。因此,可将45°作为疲劳裂纹扩展的临界β
b/h为1.5的条件下,当初始裂纹周向夹角为60°时,由不同N下的等效应力云图(图9b)可知:在载荷循环次数为0次时,观察到最大应力集中在管柱表面裂纹的尖端,其值达到1 698 MPa。随着N增加到1 963次时,最大等效应力值显著增加到5 734 MPa,这一变化揭示了随着N的增加,裂纹尖端所承受的应力也相应增大。由图9b还可知:不论初始裂纹周向夹角如何,裂纹的扩展路径始终沿着管柱轴线方向进行。
储气库注采管柱在交替注采时,最小压力与最大压力的比值定义为应力比R,在不同R条件下,得到疲劳裂纹扩展模拟结果如图10所示。
在相同疲劳载荷循环次数下,应力比越小,裂纹扩展之后的长度越长。这是因为R越小,最小和最大压力的差值越大,直接影响了注采管柱内部的疲劳裂纹的扩展程度,在储气库实际交替注采过程中,应控制最小和最大注采压力的幅值。
1) 通过对比试样疲劳裂纹扩展模拟循环次数与试样疲劳试验结果可知:采用FRANC3D与ABAQUS软件的联合仿真分析方法,对疲劳裂纹扩展模拟分析具有较高精度。
2) 在储气库注采管柱交变压力载荷作用下,储气库注采管柱疲劳裂纹扩展时,长深比越大的初始裂纹,扩展速率更快;在保持裂纹长深比恒定条件下,裂纹扩展速率随着初始裂纹周向夹角的增大而呈现上升趋势。在相同疲劳载荷循环次数下,应力比越小,裂纹扩展之后的长度越长,在储气库实际的交替注采时,应控制最小和最大注采压力的幅值。
3) 不论储气库注采管柱初始裂纹周向夹角如何,裂纹的扩展路径始终沿着储气罐管柱的轴向方向进行。计算得到疲劳裂纹扩展的临界最小裂纹长度为4 mm,临界裂纹深度为1 mm,临界最小周向夹角为45°,裂纹失稳扩展的临界长度为52 mm。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(52374034)
  • 广州市博士后科学基金启动项目资助(624021-1)
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2025年第35卷第1期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0543
  • 接收时间:2024-08-10
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-10
  • 修回日期:2024-10-12
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(52374034)
广州市博士后科学基金启动项目资助(624021-1)
作者信息
    1 广州大学 化学化工学院,广东 广州 510006
    2 东北石油大学 机械科学与工程学院,黑龙江 大庆 163000

通讯作者:

**张强(1981—),男,重庆人,博士,教授,主要从事油气管道和管柱力学研究。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0543
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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