Article(id=1148106703767335378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106698197295351, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)02-0104-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0280, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725984000000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-11, revisedDate=1731427200000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659568969, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659568969, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659568969, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659568969, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106698197295351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659567641, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401525528, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190215188894212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106698197295351, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190215188894213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106698197295351, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=104, endPage=110, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149768015467692810, articleId=1148106703767335378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Causes analysis of coal mine gas accident based on PSO algorithm, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to further scientifically prevent and control coal mine gas accidents and systematically analyze the risk factors and coupling relationships of coal mine gas accidents in my country,an association rule mining model based on the PSO algorithm using Python software was established and verified. The risk factors of coal mine gas accidents were classified in combination with the HFACS accident risk model,and the constructed PSO-FP(Freguent Pattern)-growth algorithm was used to mine association rules for coal mine gas accident investigation reports. The results show that the PSO-FP-growth algorithm has better running speed and association rule effect than the PSO-Apriori algorithm. According to the visualization of association rules of gas accident risk factors and high-support association factors,the main risk factors for coal mine gas accidents in my country are defects in safety supervision and management of coal mine enterprises,inadequate gas prevention and control technology,weak safety awareness of employees,and inadequate management awareness and technology of on-site managers.

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为科学防治煤矿瓦斯事故,系统分析我国煤矿瓦斯事故风险因素以及因素耦合关系,采用Python软件,建立基于粒子群优化(PSO)算法的关联规则挖掘模型,并进行验证;结合人因分析与分类系统(HFACS)事故风险模型,对煤矿瓦斯事故风险因素进行分类,并使用PSO-频繁模式增长(FP-growth)算法挖掘煤矿瓦斯事故调查报告的关联规则。结果表明:PSO-FP-growth算法相较于PSO-Apriori算法运行速度及关联规则效果更优;根据瓦斯事故风险因素关联规则可视化及高支持度关联因素显示,我国煤矿瓦斯事故发生的主要风险因素是煤矿企业安全监督管理存在缺陷、瓦斯防治技术不到位、员工安全意识淡薄以及现场管理人员管理意识和技术不到位造成的。

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张洽 (1981—),女,内蒙古海拉尔人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿业安全方面的研究。E-mail:

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张洽 (1981—),女,内蒙古海拉尔人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿业安全方面的研究。E-mail:

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keyword=人因分析与分类系统(HFACS))], refs=[Reference(id=1165681909628674762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=38, issue=5, pageStart=277, pageEnd=291, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=刘全龙, 法子薇, 李新春, journalName=管理工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘全龙, 法子薇, 李新春, 等. 数据为证:各类煤矿事故致因差异化分析与危险源管控研究[J]. 管理工程学报, 2024, 38(5):277-291., articleTitle=数据为证:各类煤矿事故致因差异化分析与危险源管控研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165681909695783628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=38, issue=5, pageStart=277, pageEnd=291, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=LIU Quanlong, FA Ziwei, LI Xinchun, journalName=Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Quanlong, FA Ziwei, LI Xinchun, et al. 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Mhs 95 6th International Symposium on Micro Machine & Human Science.IEEE, 2002:DOI: 10.1109/MHS.1995.494215., articleTitle=A new optimizer using particle swarm theory, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1165681907225338497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165681907233727106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, companyId=1165681907225338497, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an Shaanxi 710600,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165681907246310019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, companyId=1165681907225338497, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西安科技大学 管理学院,陕西 西安 710600)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1165681908622041774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Algorithm flow chart, figureFileSmall=JkgvFvf7osPX+E5wos7u9A==, figureFileBig=3H4bP4toW3MfdpIFTjYhKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681908680762032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, language=CN, label=图1, caption=算法流程, figureFileSmall=JkgvFvf7osPX+E5wos7u9A==, figureFileBig=3H4bP4toW3MfdpIFTjYhKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681908735287985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Comparison of experimental efficiency of PSO, figureFileSmall=GxY36Rfd0MZ9XuOYBcA9LA==, figureFileBig=XfhmUUCTzE+l0c7ycCBJKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681908781425331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PSO算法效率对比, figureFileSmall=GxY36Rfd0MZ9XuOYBcA9LA==, figureFileBig=XfhmUUCTzE+l0c7ycCBJKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681908835951285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Comparison of rules of association, figureFileSmall=8K6VS+aVTmvEeq1c3/1Ixw==, figureFileBig=S8ZpYv2LrxDFsP6SLIzTuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681908953391799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, language=CN, label=图3, caption=关联规则对比, figureFileSmall=8K6VS+aVTmvEeq1c3/1Ixw==, figureFileBig=S8ZpYv2LrxDFsP6SLIzTuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681909003723449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Word cloud map, figureFileSmall=MBubMk+P9aSoFIrZ/MuYxA==, figureFileBig=bIfdiM73SEl22N+eLLFqJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681909091803835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, language=CN, label=图4, caption=词云图, figureFileSmall=MBubMk+P9aSoFIrZ/MuYxA==, figureFileBig=bIfdiM73SEl22N+eLLFqJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681909158912701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Force-oriented diagram of coal mine gas accident risk factors, figureFileSmall=y+42oZDFcS8e9GoqM50SYg==, figureFileBig=scJwqyBfpkf2eBO/vcS4xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681909221827263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, language=CN, label=图5, caption=煤矿瓦斯事故风险因素力导向图, figureFileSmall=y+42oZDFcS8e9GoqM50SYg==, figureFileBig=scJwqyBfpkf2eBO/vcS4xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681909284741826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=High support association rule heat map, figureFileSmall=vDJb1LHQdidjX/U+xYN4HQ==, figureFileBig=/rt7JKmrc/zxaZgIF9LRUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681909356044995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, language=CN, label=图6, caption=高支持度关联规则热力图, figureFileSmall=vDJb1LHQdidjX/U+xYN4HQ==, figureFileBig=/rt7JKmrc/zxaZgIF9LRUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681909418959557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Gas accident risk classification and coding

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
事故致
因分类
事故致因因子集合及编码
不安全
行为
违章放炮H0;冒险作业H1;瓦斯抽放有效时间不足H2;人为造成甲烷传感器失效H3;图纸作假H4;实施区域和局部防突措施不到位H5;没有形成全风压通风H6;综掘机割煤诱发突出H7;超强度掘进H8;贯通采空区H9;人为导致瓦斯积聚H10;违章指挥H11
不安全
行为的
前提
未发放必要的劳动保护用品E0;发放民用爆炸物品的品种E1;安全风险辨识差E2;未按规定为从业人员配备自救器E3;特种作业人员无证上岗E4;特种作业人员配备不足E5;轻安全E6;出现突出预兆后仍冒险组织作业E7;制度不执行E8;安全措施不落实E9;安全发展理念不牢E10;拒不执行监管指令E11;现场安全管理混乱E12
不安全
监督
以包代管B0;主体责任不落实B1;安全生产管理机构不健全B2;安全管理不到位B3;对煤矿安全生产工作重视不够B4;对企业隐患排查监督指导不力B5;通风管理不到位B6;未能及时准确掌握煤矿安全生产动态B7;未能及时发现煤矿隐蔽作业地点B8
组织
影响
安全教育培训不到位W0;技术管理不到位W1;现场检查流于形式W2;自保互保意识差W3;蓄意逃避安全监管W4;隐患排查治理不到位W5;无备用局部通风机W6;不严格按照煤矿作业规程作业W7
), ArticleFig(id=1165681909481874119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106703767335378, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

瓦斯事故风险分类及编码

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
事故致
因分类
事故致因因子集合及编码
不安全
行为
违章放炮H0;冒险作业H1;瓦斯抽放有效时间不足H2;人为造成甲烷传感器失效H3;图纸作假H4;实施区域和局部防突措施不到位H5;没有形成全风压通风H6;综掘机割煤诱发突出H7;超强度掘进H8;贯通采空区H9;人为导致瓦斯积聚H10;违章指挥H11
不安全
行为的
前提
未发放必要的劳动保护用品E0;发放民用爆炸物品的品种E1;安全风险辨识差E2;未按规定为从业人员配备自救器E3;特种作业人员无证上岗E4;特种作业人员配备不足E5;轻安全E6;出现突出预兆后仍冒险组织作业E7;制度不执行E8;安全措施不落实E9;安全发展理念不牢E10;拒不执行监管指令E11;现场安全管理混乱E12
不安全
监督
以包代管B0;主体责任不落实B1;安全生产管理机构不健全B2;安全管理不到位B3;对煤矿安全生产工作重视不够B4;对企业隐患排查监督指导不力B5;通风管理不到位B6;未能及时准确掌握煤矿安全生产动态B7;未能及时发现煤矿隐蔽作业地点B8
组织
影响
安全教育培训不到位W0;技术管理不到位W1;现场检查流于形式W2;自保互保意识差W3;蓄意逃避安全监管W4;隐患排查治理不到位W5;无备用局部通风机W6;不严格按照煤矿作业规程作业W7
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基于PSO算法的煤矿瓦斯事故致因分析
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张洽 , 憨瑞东 , 陈涛
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025,35(2): 104-110
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025, 35(2): 104-110
基于PSO算法的煤矿瓦斯事故致因分析
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张洽 , 憨瑞东, 陈涛
作者信息
  • 西安科技大学 管理学院,陕西 西安 710600
  • 张洽 (1981—),女,内蒙古海拉尔人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿业安全方面的研究。E-mail:

Causes analysis of coal mine gas accident based on PSO algorithm
Qia ZHANG , Ruidong HAN, Tao CHEN
Affiliations
  • School of Management,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an Shaanxi 710600,China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0280
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为科学防治煤矿瓦斯事故,系统分析我国煤矿瓦斯事故风险因素以及因素耦合关系,采用Python软件,建立基于粒子群优化(PSO)算法的关联规则挖掘模型,并进行验证;结合人因分析与分类系统(HFACS)事故风险模型,对煤矿瓦斯事故风险因素进行分类,并使用PSO-频繁模式增长(FP-growth)算法挖掘煤矿瓦斯事故调查报告的关联规则。结果表明:PSO-FP-growth算法相较于PSO-Apriori算法运行速度及关联规则效果更优;根据瓦斯事故风险因素关联规则可视化及高支持度关联因素显示,我国煤矿瓦斯事故发生的主要风险因素是煤矿企业安全监督管理存在缺陷、瓦斯防治技术不到位、员工安全意识淡薄以及现场管理人员管理意识和技术不到位造成的。

粒子群优化(PSO)算法  /  煤矿瓦斯事故  /  事故致因  /  关联规则  /  人因分析与分类系统(HFACS)

In order to further scientifically prevent and control coal mine gas accidents and systematically analyze the risk factors and coupling relationships of coal mine gas accidents in my country,an association rule mining model based on the PSO algorithm using Python software was established and verified. The risk factors of coal mine gas accidents were classified in combination with the HFACS accident risk model,and the constructed PSO-FP(Freguent Pattern)-growth algorithm was used to mine association rules for coal mine gas accident investigation reports. The results show that the PSO-FP-growth algorithm has better running speed and association rule effect than the PSO-Apriori algorithm. According to the visualization of association rules of gas accident risk factors and high-support association factors,the main risk factors for coal mine gas accidents in my country are defects in safety supervision and management of coal mine enterprises,inadequate gas prevention and control technology,weak safety awareness of employees,and inadequate management awareness and technology of on-site managers.

particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm  /  coal mine gas accident  /  accident causation  /  association rules  /  human factors analysis and classification system(HFACS)
张洽, 憨瑞东, 陈涛. 基于PSO算法的煤矿瓦斯事故致因分析. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (2) : 104 -110 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0280
Qia ZHANG, Ruidong HAN, Tao CHEN. Causes analysis of coal mine gas accident based on PSO algorithm[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (2) : 104 -110 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0280
在我国,煤炭是一项重要的能源,而煤层普遍呈现“三低一强”特性[1-2],随着煤矿开采深度增加,井下环境变得复杂,导致瓦斯事故频发,使得我国煤矿瓦斯安全形势复杂多变[3]
针对煤矿瓦斯事故,国内外学者采用数量统计和文本挖掘等方法,开展了诸多研究,如景国勋等[4]采用改进的人因分析与分类系统(Human Factors Analysis and Classification System,HFACS)模型、卡方检验和让步对比分析法,分析瓦斯事故致因;付恩三等[5]从事故类型、事故伤亡、事故发生时空地域等维度,结合数理统计分析煤矿事故特征;DURSUN[6]以土耳其煤炭开采业为研究样本,采用层次分析法研究煤矿事故;徐腾飞等[7]从所有制、事故地点、事故原因、煤矿产能、发生时间、事故诱因、事故类型7个维度分析煤矿瓦斯事故的特征;张江石等[8]结合自然语言处理技术与事故致因“2-4”模型分析煤矿事故报告的事故致因分类;HUR等[9]将气象数据纳入瓦斯事故预测模型,并开展数据挖掘研究;田水承等[10]采用文本挖掘分析煤矿瓦斯事故致因;张津嘉等[11]运用统计分析法归纳出一般瓦斯爆炸事故的核心条件、差异条件和扩大条件;张宁等[12]通过贝叶斯网络分析煤矿瓦斯事故致因;SHAHANI等[13]统计和分析了巴基斯坦地下煤矿的死亡人数;WANG Yuxin等[14]通过建模分析中国煤矿瓦斯事故致因并提出相应的预防策略;JIA Qingsong[15]通过文本分类和事故致因理论开展了煤矿瓦斯事故原因分析;WANG Yuxin等[16]基于网络理论建模和分析了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为。综上,国内外学者研究煤矿瓦斯事故致因时缺乏针对分层关联方面的研究。
文本挖掘可从大规模文本集中发现事务的新关系,已在建筑[17]、石油[18]以及交通[19]等领域广泛应用。关联规则是一种通常用于发现数据集中项目之间的耦合关系的数据挖掘技术,能通过算法快速深入挖掘数据样本间隐藏的联系。通过分析大量数据,算法可找出频繁出现在同一事务中的项目集,从而揭示它们之间的耦合性。在煤矿瓦斯事故风险耦合分析中,关联规则可帮助识别导致事故发生的共同因素或模式,从而提供对潜在风险因素的洞察和预防措施的指导。
鉴于此,笔者拟基于改进的HFACS事故风险分层模型,并结合粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)-FP-growth(Frequent Pattern growth,PSO-FP-growth)算法,进行关联规则文本挖掘,从多层次角度分析瓦斯事故风险因素,并分析各层事故风险因素的关联规则,以期为我国建立更高效、科学、安全的煤矿管理体系提供参考。
PSO算法是一种基于群体智能的优化方法,其灵感来源于鸟群和鱼群等社会性群体的行为[20]。该算法通过模拟粒子在解空间中的协同运动来寻找最优解。在PSO算法中,解空间中的每个粒子表示一个可能的解,其运动由速度和位置的动态更新决定。粒子通过学习自身的历史最佳位置(个体最优)以及群体中的最佳位置(全局最优)来调整自己的运动方向,最终在多次迭代中逐渐逼近最优解。此外,将PSO算法与关联算法相结合,可更有效地挖掘煤矿事故致因的潜在特征,为研究事故致因特点提供了创新性的方法。
PSO算法的核心机制包括速度和位置的更新。速度更新公式为:
v i d t + 1 = w v i d t + c 1 r 1 ( p i d - x i d t ) + c 2 r 2 ( p g d - x i d t )
式中: v i d t + 1为粒子 i在维度 d上的速度; w为惯性权重; c 1 c 2为加速系数; r 1 r 2为随机数; p i d为粒子 i在维度 d上的个体最优位置; p g d为整个群体中的全局最优位置; x i d t为粒子 i在维度 d上的位置。
位置更新公式为:
x i d t + 1 = x i d t + v i d t + 1
通过式(1)、式(2),粒子的速度和位置在每次迭代中都会得到调整,逐步接近目标函数的最优解。在煤矿事故致因分析中,通过结合PSO算法的全局优化能力和关联算法的规则挖掘功能,可提取事故原因间的高关联性特征,揭示事故致因的多维关系结构。
为进一步优化,算法会在每次迭代中更新粒子的个体最优位置和全局最优位置。若粒子的新位置 x i t + 1对应的目标函数值优于当前个体最优位置 p i ( t ),则更新为 p i = x i t + 1。同样地,若 x i t + 1的目标函数值优于全局最优位置 p g ( t ),则更新为 p g ( t ) = x i t + 1。惯性权重 w在算法中起到平衡作用,加速系数 c 1 c 2确保粒子既能探索新的解空间区域,又能快速向最优解收敛。将PSO与关联算法结合后,粒子可以在优化过程中根据关联规则调整搜索策略,从而更全面地分析煤矿事故致因的特点。
结合PSO和FP-growth算法的流程如图1所示。
1) 初始化粒子群。随机生成一群粒子,每个粒子表示一个可能的频繁项集。
2) 计算适应度。使用FP-growth算法计算每个粒子表示的频繁项集的支持度作为适应度。
3) 更新个体最优和全局最优。对于每个粒子,根据适应度更新个体最优位置。根据整个群体中适应度最高的粒子更新全局最优位置。
4) 更新速度和位置。使用PSO算法的速度更新和位置更新公式,调整粒子的速度和位置。
5) 迭代更新。重复步骤2到步骤4,直到满足停止条件。
6) 输出结果。输出全局最优位置对应的频繁项集作为最终结果。
由于在算法实现过程中,选取[0,1]上的随机数 r 1 r 2和初始化粒子群时的随机性选取,故每次调用算法的结果不尽相同。此外,算法参数设置的不同和上述随机性的影响,可能会造成算法结果陷入局部最优的风险。但从整体来看,PSO-FP-growth算法在分析瓦斯事故致因因素及探索其关联规则上具有很好的适用性和高效性。
为验证结合PSO算法的FP-growth关联规则效率比Apriori关联规则效率更高,从国家矿山安全监察局、煤矿安全生产网及其他网站搜集到1 600份矿山类事故调查报告进行验证。主要验证2种算法在相同支持度、置信度阈值条件下处理相同事务量数与生成相同关联规则量下的两者运行时间效率。
处理相同事务量运行时间对比如图2a所示,生成相同关联规则个数时两者运行时间如图2b所示。
图2可知:结合PSO-FP-growth算法在相同支持度、置信度阈值下运行效率要比结合PSO-Apriori算法的效率要高。
为验证结合后的PSO-FP-growth算法在进行关联规则挖掘时的关联规则数量以及质量要优于PSO-Apriori算法,模拟在相同事务量、相同置信度阈值下,运行时间和关联规则数量随支持度变化对比如图3a图3b所示,关联规则数量随事物数量变化对比如图3c所示。
图3可知:在控制各种变量的对比下,PSO-FP-growth算法在产生关联规则的数量以及质量方面效果优于PSO-Apriori算法效果。因此,采用PSO-FP-growth算法来研究煤矿瓦斯事故致因关联分析。
试验数据主要来源于国家矿山安全监察局和煤矿生产安全网的瓦斯事故调查报告,以155份煤矿瓦斯事故调查报告为基础,通过文本挖掘并参考以往相关文献,结合HFACS事故致因模型从不安全行为、不安全行为的前提、不安全监督和组织影响4个层面分析事故原因并编号,见表1
通过运用文本挖掘技术得到煤矿瓦斯事故风险因素,绘制词云图如图4所示。各个事故风险因素出现的频次高低由词云字体的大小表示,其中,不安全行为中的违章指挥和冒险作业、不安全行为前提中的现场安全管理混乱、不安全监督中的安全生产管理机构不健全和安全管理不到位、组织影响中的安全教育培训不到位和不严格按照煤矿作业规程作业等因素出现的频次较高,是煤矿瓦斯事故的主要风险因素。
对155份我国煤矿瓦斯事故调查报告进行去除停用词、文本降噪等预处理以避免出现维数过量问题,使其适用于PSO-FP-growth算法进行文本关联规则挖掘。使用Python 3.10.10进行关联规则挖掘,将最小支持度设置为0.020,最小可信度设置为0.700。
结合PSO算法与FP-Growth算法共挖掘出789条煤矿瓦斯事故风险因素关联规则,剔除其中部分重合的和关联结果无意义的关联规则,共得到643条对于构建煤矿安全管理体系有效的煤矿瓦斯事故风险关联规则。
结合表1事故风险分类及编号和643条关联规则,借助Python语言中的可视化第三方库绘制煤矿瓦斯事故风险力导向图,在复杂网络理论中的力导向图中,每个节点代表一个事故风险因素,如W7对应于不严格按照煤矿作业规程作业、H11对应于违章指挥,边表示这些风险因素之间的耦合关系。节点的大小和编号用于显示风险因素在网络中的关联度,即该风险因素与其他风险间的关联频率。节点和编号越大,关联度越大。力导向图通过自动调整节点位置,使高关联度的风险因素聚集在一起,清晰地揭示事故风险之间的关系结构。
煤矿瓦斯事故风险因素关联规则如图5所示。关联规则显示,在煤矿瓦斯事故中,存在着多个组织影响、不安全行为及不安全监管因素,它们之间相互关联紧密。
具体而言,不安全行为主要有违章指挥和冒险作业,而不安全监督方面则涉及安全生产管理机构不健全、安全管理不到位以及通风管理不到位。此外,组织影响因素也在煤矿瓦斯事故中扮演着重要角色,主要体现在安全教育培训不到位、不严格按照煤矿作业规程作业。以上7个事故风险因素与其他事故风险因素之间有很强的关联。
按照支持度阈值筛选挖掘到的643条强关联规则,共筛选出17个与其他因素高关联的因素,如图6所示。
图6可知:这17个与其他因素强关联的因素的支持度阈值均超过5%,属于高支持度的强关联因素。对于挖掘出的强关联因素,在不安全行为的前提中,E6E12是造成瓦斯事故的不安全行为的重要前提;在不安全监督因素中,B1B2B3是多项强关联规则的先导,以上几个问题应得到煤矿监管人员的更多注意;在组织影响因素中,W0W1W2W6是组织因素的先导,应加强以上几个方面的培训并不断完善。这些强关联规则结果表明:我国煤矿瓦斯事故发生的主要原因是煤矿企业安全监督管理存在缺陷、瓦斯防治技术不到位、员工安全意识淡薄以及现场管理人员管理意识和技术不到位造成的。
基于煤矿瓦斯事故数据,在分析上述瓦斯事故强关联规则的基础上,客观地提出以下对策:
1) 对于煤矿企业,应加强安全生产管理制度的建设,确保其健全和完善。同时投入更多资源研发和应用瓦斯防治技术,确保技术水平到位。定期检查和维护瓦斯防治设备,确保其正常运行。
2) 对于煤矿监管人员,提升安全监管的力度,加强对煤矿企业的监督和检查,及时发现和纠正安全管理中存在的缺陷。
3) 对于一线员工,应定期进行安全培训,加强安全意识,提高员工对煤矿安全的重视和认识。强化安全文化建设,使员工养成安全操作的习惯。对现场管理人员进行培训,提升其管理意识和技术水平,避免现场检查流于形式。制定并执行更加严格的作业规程,确保作业过程中符合安全要求。
这些对策旨在综合考虑煤矿瓦斯事故的多个因素,从管理、技术和制度等方面入手,提升煤矿安全管理水平,减少瓦斯事故发生的可能性。
1) PSO-FP-growth算法在相同支持度、置信度阈值条件下,处理相同事务量数与生成相同关联规则量下的运行时间效率优于PSO-Apriori算法。将PSO-FP-growth算法应用于煤矿瓦斯事故致因耦合分析,能够对我国煤矿瓦斯事故提供有效科学防治。
2) 煤矿瓦斯事故是多种因素共同作用所导致的结果,将155份煤矿瓦斯事故调查报告进行去除停用词和文本降噪处理后分析,并针对煤矿瓦斯事故风险因素数据量大且分散等特点,通过改进HFACS事故风险模型结合PSO-FP-growth算法共得出4种煤矿瓦斯事故风险因素类型、42个风险因素、643条有效的煤矿瓦斯事故风险关联规则以及17个强关联规则因素。
3) 文中得出煤矿瓦斯事故的关键风险因素、风险关联规则以及强关联因素,其中,组织影响和不安全行为等方面风险可直接或间接导致其他事故风险因素的发生,应当受到煤矿企业各个层级高度重视,企业可依据此研究结果采取针对性措施解决相应问题。同时未来可以考虑深入分析组织管理因素的重要作用,以提高煤矿企业瓦斯安全管理的有效性。
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2025年第35卷第2期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0280
  • 接收时间:2024-09-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-11
  • 修回日期:2024-11-13
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    西安科技大学 管理学院,陕西 西安 710600
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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