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Article(id=1148106701590491520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)01-0194-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0742, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725811200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-09, revisedDate=1731168000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659568449, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659568449, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659568449, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659568449, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106697601704181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659567499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401533944, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=194, endPage=201, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149757476666524259, articleId=1148106701590491520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Emergency rescue equipment support capability assessment model, columnId=1149733268699918866, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Emergency technology and management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To ensure that the equipment support system of professional emergency rescue teams could meet the requirements of rescue tasks and gradually adapt to complex and variable disaster risks, a text mining method was applied to analyze the factors influencing the equipment support capacity of emergency rescue. Based on technical personnel support capability, equipment resource support capability, equipment and facility support capability, information resource support capability and management system support capability, an assessment index system for emergency rescue equipment support capacity was developed. To reduce the impact of fuzziness, randomness, and subjective-objective bias on assessment results, a combined weighting method was adopted to determine the weights of each assessment index. A comprehensive assessment method was established using the matter-element extension model and the integrated cloud model. Professional emergency rescue team A was selected as an example for application to verify the scientific validity and effectiveness of the model. The results show that the index system comprehensively and accurately reflects the overall level of emergency rescue equipment support capability of professional teams. The assessment model reasonably and effectively assesses the capability level and identifies weaknesses in the current equipment support system, providing improvement points and theoretical support for the development of the team's equipment support system.

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为确保专业应急救援队伍的装备保障体系建设能够满足救援任务需求,并逐步适应复杂多变的灾害风险,通过文本挖掘法分析应急救援装备保障能力影响因素,基于技术人员保障能力、装备资源保障能力、设备设施保障能力、信息资源保障能力、管理体系保障能力5个方面,构建应急救援装备保障能力评估指标体系;为降低模糊性、随机性及主客观偏差对评价结果的影响,采用组合赋权法确定各评估指标权重,分别运用物元可拓与综合云模型构建综合评价方法,并以专业应急救援队伍A为例开展应用,验证模型的科学性和有效性。结果表明: 该指标体系能全面准确反映专业应急救援队伍应急救援装备保障能力综合水平,评价模型能够合理有效地评估应急救援装备保障能力等级,并反映当前救援队伍装备保障体系建设薄弱之处。

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郑学召 (1977—),男,新疆焉耆人,博士,教授,主要从事应急技术与管理、灾害应急救援等方面的研究。E-mail:。

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郑学召 (1977—),男,新疆焉耆人,博士,教授,主要从事应急技术与管理、灾害应急救援等方面的研究。E-mail:。

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郑学召 (1977—),男,新疆焉耆人,博士,教授,主要从事应急技术与管理、灾害应急救援等方面的研究。E-mail:。

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journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=emergency rescue equipment support capability), Keyword(id=1165721848143688216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=assessment model), Keyword(id=1165721848194019865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=professional emergency rescue team), Keyword(id=1165721848235962906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=combined weighting), Keyword(id=1165721848332431899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=matter-element extension model), Keyword(id=1165721848433095196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=integrated cloud model), Keyword(id=1165721848512786973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=应急救援装备保障能力), Keyword(id=1165721848579895838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=评估模型), Keyword(id=1165721848630227487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=专业应急救援队伍), Keyword(id=1165721848676364832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=组合赋权), Keyword(id=1165721848726696481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=物元可拓模型), Keyword(id=1165721848793805346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, 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journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Cloud diagram for emergency rescue equipment support capability evaluation, figureFileSmall=Usm6uT3zVadBV53sTB02sg==, figureFileBig=wpjzfWzZ4iSp02yIVKygrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721849758495280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=CN, label=图7, caption=应急救援装备保障能力评估云图, figureFileSmall=Usm6uT3zVadBV53sTB02sg==, figureFileBig=wpjzfWzZ4iSp02yIVKygrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721849800438321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Selection basis of some assessment indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源 所节选的部分评估指标
张耀龙等[14] 数据支撑能力、指挥控制能力、供应保障能力、维修保障能力
汪涛等[8] 保障指挥决策能力、维修保障人员能力、维修保障配套建设、装备测试、机动保障、抢救保障、信息交互人员能力、信息交互软件硬件
赵师等[9] 人员信息化素质、骨干队伍建设、编配率、指挥能力、感知能力、抢修能力、生存能力、器材管理、器材储备、器材保障满足率与有效性、装备完好率与配套率、装备储备
), ArticleFig(id=1165721849854964274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

部分评估指标节选依据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源 所节选的部分评估指标
张耀龙等[14] 数据支撑能力、指挥控制能力、供应保障能力、维修保障能力
汪涛等[8] 保障指挥决策能力、维修保障人员能力、维修保障配套建设、装备测试、机动保障、抢救保障、信息交互人员能力、信息交互软件硬件
赵师等[9] 人员信息化素质、骨干队伍建设、编配率、指挥能力、感知能力、抢修能力、生存能力、器材管理、器材储备、器材保障满足率与有效性、装备完好率与配套率、装备储备
), ArticleFig(id=1165721849909490227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Explanation of some indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标名称 指标解释
装备可
靠性		 指应急救援装备在规定条件下和规定时间内,完成规定功能的能力,能够反映装备是否容易发生故障
装备完
好率		 指应急救援装备能调配参与救援任务的完好数量与现有数量比值,能够影响救援行动的效率与成功率
装备配
备率		 指应急救援装备的实际配备情况与所需配备要求的比率,能够反映队伍应急救援准备工作的充分程度
装备通
用性		 指通用型应急救援装备的配备情况,能够体现在应对多种类型突发事件时装备的适用性和灵活性
装备配
备布局		 指现有常规型、高精尖型应急救援装备的储备情况,能够反映装备技术先进程度与专业化水平
装备维
修性		 指在规定条件、规定时间,按规定的程序和方法进行装备检验、维保时,装备保持或恢复其规定状态的能力,能够反映装备维保工作质量与装备整体状态
), ArticleFig(id=1165721849955627572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

部分指标解释说明

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标名称 指标解释
装备可
靠性		 指应急救援装备在规定条件下和规定时间内,完成规定功能的能力,能够反映装备是否容易发生故障
装备完
好率		 指应急救援装备能调配参与救援任务的完好数量与现有数量比值,能够影响救援行动的效率与成功率
装备配
备率		 指应急救援装备的实际配备情况与所需配备要求的比率,能够反映队伍应急救援准备工作的充分程度
装备通
用性		 指通用型应急救援装备的配备情况,能够体现在应对多种类型突发事件时装备的适用性和灵活性
装备配
备布局		 指现有常规型、高精尖型应急救援装备的储备情况,能够反映装备技术先进程度与专业化水平
装备维
修性		 指在规定条件、规定时间,按规定的程序和方法进行装备检验、维保时,装备保持或恢复其规定状态的能力,能够反映装备维保工作质量与装备整体状态
), ArticleFig(id=1165721850018542133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation calculations for single indicator

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 关联度 等级 指标 关联度 等级
Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级 Ⅴ级 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级 Ⅴ级
C11 0.490 -0.490 -0.745 -0.830 -0.872 Ⅰ C33 -0.250 0.500 -0.250 -0.500 -0.625 Ⅱ
C12 -0.242 0.470 -0.265 -0.510 -0.632 Ⅱ C34 -0.159 0.233 -0.384 -0.589 -0.692 Ⅱ
C13 -0.298 0.260 -0.130 -0.420 -0.565 Ⅱ C35 -0.181 0.283 -0.358 -0.572 -0.679 Ⅱ
C14 -0.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 Ⅰ C41 -0.394 -0.231 0.143 -0.048 -0.286 Ⅲ
C15 -0.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 Ⅰ C42 -0.222 0.400 -0.300 -0.533 -0.650 Ⅱ
C21 0.056 -0.944 -0.972 -0.981 -0.986 Ⅰ C43 -0.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 Ⅰ
C22 0.270 -0.730 -0.865 -0.910 -0.933 Ⅰ C44 0.083 -0.083 -0.541 -0.694 -0.771 Ⅰ
C23 -0.361 -0.117 0.304 -0.232 -0.424 Ⅲ C51 -0.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 Ⅰ
C24 -0.167 0.250 -0.375 -0.583 -0.688 Ⅱ C52 0.433 -0.433 -0.717 -0.811 -0.858 Ⅰ
C25 0.250 -0.250 -0.625 -0.750 -0.813 Ⅰ C53 0.383 -0.617 -0.809 -0.872 -0.904 Ⅰ
C26 -0.243 0.472 -0.264 -0.509 -0.632 Ⅱ C54 -0.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 Ⅰ
C31 -0.181 0.283 -0.358 -0.572 -0.679 Ⅱ C55 -0.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 Ⅰ
C32 0.000 0.000 -0.500 -0.667 -0.750 Ⅰ A 0.267 -5.743 -13.011 -16.585 -18.438 Ⅰ
), ArticleFig(id=1165721850089845302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

单指标关联度计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 关联度 等级 指标 关联度 等级
Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级 Ⅴ级 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级 Ⅴ级
C11 0.490 -0.490 -0.745 -0.830 -0.872 Ⅰ C33 -0.250 0.500 -0.250 -0.500 -0.625 Ⅱ
C12 -0.242 0.470 -0.265 -0.510 -0.632 Ⅱ C34 -0.159 0.233 -0.384 -0.589 -0.692 Ⅱ
C13 -0.298 0.260 -0.130 -0.420 -0.565 Ⅱ C35 -0.181 0.283 -0.358 -0.572 -0.679 Ⅱ
C14 -0.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 Ⅰ C41 -0.394 -0.231 0.143 -0.048 -0.286 Ⅲ
C15 -0.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 Ⅰ C42 -0.222 0.400 -0.300 -0.533 -0.650 Ⅱ
C21 0.056 -0.944 -0.972 -0.981 -0.986 Ⅰ C43 -0.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 Ⅰ
C22 0.270 -0.730 -0.865 -0.910 -0.933 Ⅰ C44 0.083 -0.083 -0.541 -0.694 -0.771 Ⅰ
C23 -0.361 -0.117 0.304 -0.232 -0.424 Ⅲ C51 -0.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 Ⅰ
C24 -0.167 0.250 -0.375 -0.583 -0.688 Ⅱ C52 0.433 -0.433 -0.717 -0.811 -0.858 Ⅰ
C25 0.250 -0.250 -0.625 -0.750 -0.813 Ⅰ C53 0.383 -0.617 -0.809 -0.872 -0.904 Ⅰ
C26 -0.243 0.472 -0.264 -0.509 -0.632 Ⅱ C54 -0.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 Ⅰ
C31 -0.181 0.283 -0.358 -0.572 -0.679 Ⅱ C55 -0.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 Ⅰ
C32 0.000 0.000 -0.500 -0.667 -0.750 Ⅰ A 0.267 -5.743 -13.011 -16.585 -18.438 Ⅰ
), ArticleFig(id=1165721850169537079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Cloud digital eigenvalues for partial evaluation indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 Ex En He
C11 94.900 2.047 1.339
C12 85.300 3.425 2.980
C13 82.600 3.216 2.742
︙ ︙ ︙ ︙
B5 98.331 1.011 0.407
), ArticleFig(id=1165721850219868728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701590491520, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

部分评估指标云数字特征参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 Ex En He
C11 94.900 2.047 1.339
C12 85.300 3.425 2.980
C13 82.600 3.216 2.742
︙ ︙ ︙ ︙
B5 98.331 1.011 0.407
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应急救援装备保障能力评估模型
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郑学召 1, 2 , 董贝贝 1, 2 , 童鑫 1, 2, 3 , 王一硕 1
中国安全科学学报 | 应急技术与管理 2025,35(1): 194-201
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中国安全科学学报 | 应急技术与管理 2025, 35(1): 194-201
应急救援装备保障能力评估模型
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郑学召1, 2 , 董贝贝1, 2, 童鑫1, 2, 3, 王一硕1
作者信息
  • 1 西安科技大学 安全科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710054
  • 2 国家矿山救援西安研究中心, 陕西 西安 710054
  • 3 内蒙古科技大学 安全与应急管理产业学院,内蒙古 包头 014010

    • 郑学召 (1977—),男,新疆焉耆人,博士,教授,主要从事应急技术与管理、灾害应急救援等方面的研究。E-mail:。

Emergency rescue equipment support capability assessment model
Xuezhao ZHENG1, 2 , Beibei DONG1, 2, Xin TONG1, 2, 3, Yishuo WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi 710054, China
  • 2 Xi'an Research Center of National Mine Rescue, Xi'an Shaanxi 710054, China
  • 3 School of Safety and Emergency Management Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0742
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摘要
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为确保专业应急救援队伍的装备保障体系建设能够满足救援任务需求,并逐步适应复杂多变的灾害风险,通过文本挖掘法分析应急救援装备保障能力影响因素,基于技术人员保障能力、装备资源保障能力、设备设施保障能力、信息资源保障能力、管理体系保障能力5个方面,构建应急救援装备保障能力评估指标体系;为降低模糊性、随机性及主客观偏差对评价结果的影响,采用组合赋权法确定各评估指标权重,分别运用物元可拓与综合云模型构建综合评价方法,并以专业应急救援队伍A为例开展应用,验证模型的科学性和有效性。结果表明: 该指标体系能全面准确反映专业应急救援队伍应急救援装备保障能力综合水平,评价模型能够合理有效地评估应急救援装备保障能力等级,并反映当前救援队伍装备保障体系建设薄弱之处。

应急救援装备保障能力  /  评估模型  /  专业应急救援队伍  /  组合赋权  /  物元可拓模型  /  综合云模型

To ensure that the equipment support system of professional emergency rescue teams could meet the requirements of rescue tasks and gradually adapt to complex and variable disaster risks, a text mining method was applied to analyze the factors influencing the equipment support capacity of emergency rescue. Based on technical personnel support capability, equipment resource support capability, equipment and facility support capability, information resource support capability and management system support capability, an assessment index system for emergency rescue equipment support capacity was developed. To reduce the impact of fuzziness, randomness, and subjective-objective bias on assessment results, a combined weighting method was adopted to determine the weights of each assessment index. A comprehensive assessment method was established using the matter-element extension model and the integrated cloud model. Professional emergency rescue team A was selected as an example for application to verify the scientific validity and effectiveness of the model. The results show that the index system comprehensively and accurately reflects the overall level of emergency rescue equipment support capability of professional teams. The assessment model reasonably and effectively assesses the capability level and identifies weaknesses in the current equipment support system, providing improvement points and theoretical support for the development of the team's equipment support system.

emergency rescue equipment support capability  /  assessment model  /  professional emergency rescue team  /  combined weighting  /  matter-element extension model  /  integrated cloud model
郑学召, 董贝贝, 童鑫, 王一硕. 应急救援装备保障能力评估模型. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (1) : 194 -201 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0742
Xuezhao ZHENG, Beibei DONG, Xin TONG, Yishuo WANG. Emergency rescue equipment support capability assessment model[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (1) : 194 -201 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0742
正文
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0 引言
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随着城市化进程加快,社会复杂程度日益升高,突发事件的频发、复杂与不可预测,为经济社会发展和人民群众生命财产安全带来极大威胁[1]。党中央、国务院、各级政府部门高度重视防灾、减灾、救灾工作[2]。《“十四五”应急救援力量建设规划》指出,应加快应急装备现代化建设,提升救援现场技术保障能力[3]。应急救援作为保障人民生命安全的最后一道防线,应急救援装备体系的充分保障成为应急救援队伍建设乃至应急管理体系和能力现代化的重要组成部分。为使专业应急救援队伍在新形势下能够有效承担防范化解重大安全风险、应对处置各类灾害事故的职责,并满足“全灾种、大应急”的任务需求[4],开展应急救援装备保障能力评估显得尤为重要。
应急救援装备保障能力评估的重点主要包含评估指标体系建设与评估模型构建2个方面。在装备评估指标体系构建方面,李岩等[5]围绕产生费用、人力资源、技术实力、管理体制、产品质量、生命周期等方面构建装备保障资源供给能力评估指标体系;张迪等[6]提出基于装备型号性能的装备体系作战能力评估体系;李宸等[7]基于装备便携性、耐磨度、信号稳定性、探测距离、穿透能力、最大载荷构建指标体系;汪涛等[8]从指挥决策能力、维修保障能力、信息交互能力构建评估指标体系。在装备评估模型构建方面,通常采用神经网络[9]、模糊综合评价法[10]、改进结构方程模型[11]、主成分分析法[12]、ADC(Availability,Dependability, Capability)法[13]评估装备体系保障能力、作战能力以及装备体系效能。综上,国内外大多学者针对装备能力指标体系、评估方法开展的研究较多,主要面向于装备的作业能力、装备单一性能等方面开展装备保障能力评估指标体系研究,或围绕装备效能、配备能力开展评估,但围绕专业应急救援队伍的应急救援装备体系保障能力的研究相对薄弱。
鉴于此,笔者通过界定专业应急救援队伍应急救援装备保障能力内涵、挖掘应急救援装备保障能力影响因素,构建评估指标体系,搭建应急救援装备保障能力综合评估模型,并开展实例应用,以期为提升专业救援队伍应急救援装备体系保障能力奠定理论基础。
1 应急救援装备保障能力指标体系
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1.1 影响因素分析
应急救援装备保障能力是指为满足专业应急救援队伍在应对各类突发事件时,能够迅速、高效地完成应急救援任务需要,对所需应急救援装备开展一系列保障措施的统称,其涵盖人员、物资、组织管理、相关设施建设等内容。其中,人员保障是实施应急救援装备保障建设的主体;救援装备、相关备件、技术资料等物质资源保障是构成应急救援装备保障建设的核心;训练设施、维修储备场所等设施建设保障是实现应急救援装备保障建设的基础;制度台账、训练演练等组织管理保障是完善应急救援装备保障建设的手段。同时,由于救援环境的未知,救援处置对象的不确定性、多样性和复杂性,决定了专业应急救援队伍需遵循“任务牵引、快速响应、救援急需、适情实用、储备多样、持续保障”原则完善应急救援装备保障体系建设,配备专业性强、可靠性高、稳定适用的应急救援装备以满足救援任务需求。
应急救援装备保障能力评估主要针对应急救援装备的配备使用阶段,贯穿应急管理全生命周期。在预防与应急准备阶段、事后恢复与重建阶段,应急救援装备定期检验、维护保养、技术迭代升级以及专业技术人员对应急救援装备的使用、培训、训练、演练等环节是确保救援力量随时待命、随时可用的基础;在监测与预警阶段,应急救援装备的环境参数实时采集、现场情况可视化监测及异常情况监测报警等功能,是有效控制事故、避免事故恶化或扩大的手段;在应急处置与救援阶段,应急救援装备品量齐全、轻便可用、先进适用、专业可靠是确保救援行动迅速、高效进行的关键。专业应急救援队伍应急救援装备保障能力内涵如图1所示。
以装备保障能力评估、应急救援装备保障为主题,在中国知网和科学网检索筛选相关文献,共计110篇,按照关联度高、可操作性强原则,精选2011—2024年3月发表的36篇文献的相关指标,部分节选内容见表1,通过剔除无效信息将有效数据采用词云图形式进行可视化呈现,词频高低与字体大小成正比,如图2所示。
同时,节选国务院安委会办公室《关于进一步加强国家安全生产应急救援队伍建设的指导意见》[15]、《专业应急救援队伍能力建设规范 危险化学品》[16]等10项政策文件中关于应急救援装备建设、应急救援装备保障方面的内容,采用词频-逆向文件频率(Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency,TF-IDF)方法进行多次共现-聚类分析[17],通过分词、语料库建立、分词TF值、IDF值计算等步骤提取高权重关键词,选取TF-IDF值前30的关键词形成网络关系,如图3所示。将关键词作为点,共现关系作为边,关联线条越密集,共现关系越密切,能够较为清晰地呈现应急救援装备保障能力要素。
1.2 评估指标体系构建
完善的装备保障体系建设是做好应急救援工作的关键一环,应急救援装备保障能力指标体系的构建能够为分析救援队伍装备保障体系建设是否匹配、适应复杂多变的灾害风险提供理论基础。遵循指标体系搭建准则,结合专业应急救援队伍应急救援装备体系保障能力建设现状,并对筛选出的影响因素进一步归类与分析,确定应急救援装备体系保障能力评估体系,包含1个一级指标,5个二级指标,25个三级指标,具体如图4所示。以装备资源保障能力为例,三级指标的具体解释见表2。
2 应急救援装备保障能力评估模型
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面向于专业应急救援队伍应急救援装备保障能力评估模型搭建步骤如图5所示。
2.1 评估指标权重确定
采用组合赋权法[18]能够综合考虑指标的主观权重与客观权重之间重要性的相互差异程度,从而有效降低数据误差。组合赋权的步骤如下:
1) 层次分析法[19]计算主观权重。通过邀请相关领域6名专家,依据1~9比例标度理论,以问卷形式对指标重要度打分,构造判断矩阵并计算权重。
2) 变异系数法[20]计算客观权重。该方法通过各因素包含的信息来计算权重的客观赋权法,因素变异程度越大,权重越大。
3) 运用矩估计法[21]将主客观权重进行组合优化得到各评估指标的组合权重。
2.2 物元可拓模型
物元可拓模型[22]可以定量反映出被评估主体的状况和所有权程度,也可以定性地解释待评对象从量变到质变整个过程,其计算步骤为:确定待评物元、确定经典域和节域、计算单指标与综合关联度、判定各评估指标与应急救援装备保障能力等级。
2.3 综合云模型
由于专家综合打分所得到数据具有随机性和模糊性,运用综合云模型[23]能够通过计算各评估指标云数字特征值,以实现应急救援装备保障能力的合理、有效评估。综合云模型的计算步骤为:依据评估等级确定评估标准云、通过指标赋值计算各指标云数字特征值、基于评估指标云确定综合云、应急救援装备保障能力等级判定。
3 评估模型应用验证
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为验证应急救援装备保障能力评估模型的科学性与适用性,选取某专业应急救援队伍A作为研究对象,开展实例验证应用。
3.1 权重计算
应急救援装备保障能力评估指标权重计算结果分布情况如图6所示。由图6可知:计算得出的主观与客观权重值存在一定差异,利用组合赋权法求得的权重协调了主客观赋权带来的差异。
3.2 应急救援装备保障能力评估
3.2.1 基于物元可拓的应急救援装备保障能力评估
各评估指标关联度计算结果见表3,应急救援装备保障能力综合关联度为(0.267,-5.743,-13.011,-16.585,-18.438),该专业救援队伍应急救援装备保障能力等级属于Ⅰ级,表明装备保障体系建设完善。
3.2.2 基于综合云模型应急救援装备保障能力评估
计算得出标准云数字特征参数为Ⅰ级=(95,1.667,0.5)、Ⅱ级=(85,1.667,0.5)、Ⅲ级=(75,1.667,0.5)、Ⅳ级=(65,1.667,0.5)、Ⅴ级=(30,10,0.5);部分评估指标云数字特征参数见表5。基于评估指标云得出应急救援装备保障能力综合云数字特征值为(91.423,1.779,1.037),属于Ⅰ级,表明该专业应急救援队伍装备保障体系建设完善。各二级指标与综合等级云图如图7所示。
3.3 评估结果分析
通过采用组合赋权-物元可拓与组合赋权-综合云模型的应急救援装备保障能力评估模型计算得出的结果显示,专业应急救援队伍A的应急救援装备保障能力等级均为Ⅰ级,表明现阶段该队伍的装备保障能力处于优秀水平,与队伍实际建设情况相符,同时结合单指标关联度与各指标云数字特征值可以看出大多数指标要素处于Ⅰ级,而三级指标C12、C13、C23、C24、C26、C31、C33、C34、C35、C41、C42的达成度还有所欠缺,需采取系列措施加强改进。
基于以上评估结果,为推进该专业应急救援队伍应急救援装备保障体系建设,进一步提升应急救援装备保障能力,提出以下改进意见:
1)提升装备配备数量,完善装备性能保障。以国家和行业技术标准为支撑,以应急救援任务需求为牵引,立足队伍建设实际与规模能力,不断提升应急救援装备配备种类与数量;通过完善运维保养工作机制、返厂维护检修等举措,及时发现并解决潜在隐患,提升装备维修性,延长装备使用寿命。
2)增强专业技术水平,提升保障工作能力。从人员选拔、业务培训、日常实践、救援演练、绩效评估等环节,涵盖应急救援装备维护、修理、测试等内容,完善装备保障工作流程,明确装备保障工作任务与要点,并不断组合优化应急救援装备管理队伍,以逐步提升应急救援装备保障工作能力。
3)完善相关设施建设,优化信息资源配置。根据不同种类救援装备储备条件与专业应急救援队伍日常训练、模拟演练需要,不断完善相关技术资料、装备储备场所与训练设施配置;同时,推动各专业救援队伍信息系统建设利用,以推动技术升级与迭代更新,逐步实现队伍救援能力转型升级。
4 结论
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1) 结合相关政策文件与文献资料,采用文本挖掘法,较为完备的确定出专业救援队伍应急救援装备保障能力影响因素;构建包含5个二级指标和25个三级指标的评估指标体系,能够科学、客观、可行地评估专业救援队伍应急救援装备保障能力。
2) 根据应急救援装备保障能力评估的特点,依据多专家打分结果,综合运用层次分析法和变异系数法确定评估指标主客权重,同时采用矩估计法得出组合权重;构建基于组合赋权-物元可拓模型与组合赋权-综合云模型的应急救援装备保障能力综合评估方法。
3) 以专业应急救援队伍A为例,分别开展基于物元可拓与综合云模型的应急救援装备保障能力评估模型应用,计算得出综合关联度为(0.267,-5.743,-13.011,-16.585,-18.438),综合云为(91.423,1.779,1.037),表明该队伍应急救援装备保障能力为Ⅰ级,装备保障体系结构处于完善水平,与实际情况相符,验证了评估模型的合理性与适用性。
基金
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  • 陕西省社会科学基金资助(2022R058)
  • 陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项项目(2023HZ1554)
文献
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2025年第35卷第1期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0742
  • 接收时间：2024-09-09
  • 首发时间：2025-07-05
  • 出版时间：2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期：2024-09-09
  • 修回日期：2024-11-10
基金
陕西省社会科学基金资助(2022R058)
陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项项目(2023HZ1554)
作者信息
    1 西安科技大学 安全科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710054
    2 国家矿山救援西安研究中心, 陕西 西安 710054
    3 内蒙古科技大学 安全与应急管理产业学院,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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