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To meet the growing demand for emergency talent in regional industrial development, the "government, industry, academia, research, and application" education model was used to investigate an integrated training model for emergency talent from undergraduate to master and doctoral degrees. Based on the issues of unclear hierarchical demands, core competency assessments, and knowledge system construction in the Western emergency industry, the FP-Growth algorithm was used to mine and divide the association rules between courses and corresponding competencies to evaluate core competency. Safety engineering capabilities were compared to determine the focus of capability training and explore talent training pathways. The industry-specific undergraduate "3+1/1" programs were developed by integrating industry, education, theory, and practice. Moreover, an "order-based" talent innovation training model for master and doctoral levels in government-school-enterprise cooperation was proposed. Finally, the concept of regional emergency talent full industry chain service was proposed by integrating industry-education and science-education efforts to cultivate emergency talent. The results indicated that the core competencies based on the four-tiered talent demand framework were highly associated with the curriculum system. The issues of homogeneity in talent output and competency emphasis were addressed by clarifying the training direction of safety and emergency disciplines from professional focus and application backgrounds. The proposed concept of regional emergency talent full-industrial chain service closely connected educational content with market demands, enhancing students' comprehensive abilities and contributing to the regional closed-loop development of the modern emergency management industry.

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为应对地区产业发展对应急人才日益增长的需求,探索“政产学研用”融合育人方法在应急人才本硕博一体贯通式培养模式的应用。针对西部应急产业人才需求层次、核心能力评估与知识体系构建模糊等问题,通过FP-Growth算法对课程及对应能力进行关联规则挖掘、划分,实现核心能力评估;以安全工程能力作对比明确能力培养侧重点,探索人才培养路径;提出以政-校-企合作形式开设产教融合、理实一体的本科“3+1/1”产业特色班、硕博层次“订单式”人才创新培养模式,通过产教融合、科教融合等协同育人方式,形成地区应急人才全产业链服务的理念。结果表明: 从4层次人才需求出发划分的核心能力与课程体系间的关联程度较高;从专业侧重点和应用背景角度明确安全、应急学科培养的方向,解决人才出口同质化与能力侧重问题;所提出的地区应急人才全产业链服务的理念将教育内容与市场需求紧密对接,有助于提升学生综合素质能力,实现应急管理现代产业的区域闭环发展。

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陈景序 (1989—),男,辽宁鞍山人,博士,讲师,主要从事粉尘防治理论及技术等方面的研究。E-mail:

曹钊 教授

刘业娇 副教授

李曙光 讲师

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曹钊 教授

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曹钊 教授

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Course association rules

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关联规则 支持度 置信度 提升度
应急预案编制与演练→应急识图与制图 0.70 0.91 1.10
应急预案编制与演练→灾害事故应急处置与救援 0.50 0.65 0.98
应急预案编制与演练→建筑施工安全技术 0.43 0.57 1.06
灾害事故应急处置与救援→应急识图与制图 0.57 0.85 1.00
灾害事故应急处置与救援→建筑施工安全技术 0.37 0.55 1.03
灾害事故应急处置与救援→灾害地质学 0.33 0.63 1.44
应急识图与制图→建筑施工安全技术 0.47 0.88 1.05
应急识图与制图→灾害地质学 0.33 0.40 0.92
), ArticleFig(id=1165721827755172300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106701338829112, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

课程关联规则

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关联规则 支持度 置信度 提升度
应急预案编制与演练→应急识图与制图 0.70 0.91 1.10
应急预案编制与演练→灾害事故应急处置与救援 0.50 0.65 0.98
应急预案编制与演练→建筑施工安全技术 0.43 0.57 1.06
灾害事故应急处置与救援→应急识图与制图 0.57 0.85 1.00
灾害事故应急处置与救援→建筑施工安全技术 0.37 0.55 1.03
灾害事故应急处置与救援→灾害地质学 0.33 0.63 1.44
应急识图与制图→建筑施工安全技术 0.47 0.88 1.05
应急识图与制图→灾害地质学 0.33 0.40 0.92
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地区应急人才培养模式与全产业链服务探究
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陈景序 1, 2, 3 , 刘雅雯 1 , 赵永文 4 , 曹钊 1, 2, 3 , 刘业娇 1, 2, 3 , 李曙光 1, 2, 3
中国安全科学学报 | 应急技术与管理 2025,35(1): 216-222
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中国安全科学学报 | 应急技术与管理 2025, 35(1): 216-222
地区应急人才培养模式与全产业链服务探究
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陈景序1, 2, 3 , 刘雅雯1, 赵永文4, 曹钊1, 2, 3, 刘业娇1, 2, 3, 李曙光1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古科技大学 矿业与煤炭学院,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古科技大学 安全与应急管理产业学院,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 3 内蒙古科技大学 内蒙古自治区矿业工程重点实验室, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 4 包头市应急管理局,内蒙古 包头 014030
  • 陈景序 (1989—),男,辽宁鞍山人,博士,讲师,主要从事粉尘防治理论及技术等方面的研究。E-mail:

    曹钊 教授

    刘业娇 副教授

    李曙光 讲师

Exploration of regional emergency talent training model and full industry chain service
Jingxu CHEN1, 2, 3 , Yawen LIU1, Yongwen ZHAO4, Zhao CAO1, 2, 3, Yejiao LIU1, 2, 3, Shuguang LI1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Mining and Coal, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010, China
  • 2 School of Safety and Emergency Management Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010, China
  • 3 Inner Mongolia Research Center for Coal Safety Mining and Utilization Engineering and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010, China
  • 4 Baotou Emergency Management Bureau, Baotou Inner Mongolia 014030, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0536
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为应对地区产业发展对应急人才日益增长的需求,探索“政产学研用”融合育人方法在应急人才本硕博一体贯通式培养模式的应用。针对西部应急产业人才需求层次、核心能力评估与知识体系构建模糊等问题,通过FP-Growth算法对课程及对应能力进行关联规则挖掘、划分,实现核心能力评估;以安全工程能力作对比明确能力培养侧重点,探索人才培养路径;提出以政-校-企合作形式开设产教融合、理实一体的本科“3+1/1”产业特色班、硕博层次“订单式”人才创新培养模式,通过产教融合、科教融合等协同育人方式,形成地区应急人才全产业链服务的理念。结果表明: 从4层次人才需求出发划分的核心能力与课程体系间的关联程度较高;从专业侧重点和应用背景角度明确安全、应急学科培养的方向,解决人才出口同质化与能力侧重问题;所提出的地区应急人才全产业链服务的理念将教育内容与市场需求紧密对接,有助于提升学生综合素质能力,实现应急管理现代产业的区域闭环发展。

应急技术与管理  /  应急人才  /  全产业链  /  人才培养  /  关联性分析  /  人才需求

To meet the growing demand for emergency talent in regional industrial development, the "government, industry, academia, research, and application" education model was used to investigate an integrated training model for emergency talent from undergraduate to master and doctoral degrees. Based on the issues of unclear hierarchical demands, core competency assessments, and knowledge system construction in the Western emergency industry, the FP-Growth algorithm was used to mine and divide the association rules between courses and corresponding competencies to evaluate core competency. Safety engineering capabilities were compared to determine the focus of capability training and explore talent training pathways. The industry-specific undergraduate "3+1/1" programs were developed by integrating industry, education, theory, and practice. Moreover, an "order-based" talent innovation training model for master and doctoral levels in government-school-enterprise cooperation was proposed. Finally, the concept of regional emergency talent full industry chain service was proposed by integrating industry-education and science-education efforts to cultivate emergency talent. The results indicated that the core competencies based on the four-tiered talent demand framework were highly associated with the curriculum system. The issues of homogeneity in talent output and competency emphasis were addressed by clarifying the training direction of safety and emergency disciplines from professional focus and application backgrounds. The proposed concept of regional emergency talent full-industrial chain service closely connected educational content with market demands, enhancing students' comprehensive abilities and contributing to the regional closed-loop development of the modern emergency management industry.

emergency technology and management  /  emergency talent  /  talent training  /  full industry chain  /  correlation analysis  /  needs of personnel
陈景序, 刘雅雯, 赵永文, 曹钊, 刘业娇, 李曙光. 地区应急人才培养模式与全产业链服务探究. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (1) : 216 -222 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0536
Jingxu CHEN, Yawen LIU, Yongwen ZHAO, Zhao CAO, Yejiao LIU, Shuguang LI. Exploration of regional emergency talent training model and full industry chain service[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (1) : 216 -222 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0536
党的“二十”大报告提出,要提高防灾减灾救灾和急难险重突发公共事件处置保障能力,加强国家区域应急力量建设[1],这为我国应急管理领域建设作出重要战略部署,并指明了应急人才建设的方向。应急管理作为现代化社会发展的重要组成部分,直接关系到我国社会的安全稳定与人民生命财产安全。时效性[2]是应急管理的核心特征之一,有效的应急响应与高效的处理能力能够最大限度降低灾害事故的影响,促进危机后的恢复与重建。
系统化的应急管理教育培训体系,能够为社会培养出具备专业知识和快速反应能力的应急管理专业人才。目前,应急管理、应急技术与管理相关的人才培养却尚未形成一套完善的教育模式。各大高校与社会组织在应急管理专业人才培养方面已取得一定进展,但如何更有效地整合教育资源,创新人才培养方案,以及如何通过实践教学提高学生的实际操作能力,仍是需要深入探讨的问题。
鉴于此,笔者拟分析应急管理人才培养现状,结合学科体系能力关联性评估,立足西部地区,从“政产学研用”角度,探索西部地区应急人才全产业链服务,制定新型的人才培养计划及培养模式,以期为应急、安全专业人才的培养提供建议。
目前,全国有70余所普通高校开设应急技术与管理专业,在20所985大学设置了应急管理二级学科[3],同时,各类应急学院也陆续开设。应急与安全产教融合联盟、全国应急安全职业教育联盟、全国应急管理本科专业高校联盟、全国应急技术与管理本科专业高校联盟的陆续成立极大地促进了应急领域的学科建设、人才建设交流[4]
应急技术与管理作为一个综合性较强的跨学科领域,涵盖了管理学、工程学、社会学、心理学等多种学科的理论与实践方法,其学科建设受到广泛关注和深入研究。学者们从多个角度探讨了应急管理人才培养的模式与策略,涵盖大安全大应急角度下对公共卫生应急管理人才培养体系的构建[5]、“政产学研”合作背景下的人才培养模式改革与实践[6]、专业应急人才与协同应急人才的合作联动模式[7]、“三化三制”人才培养模式[8]、应急管理跨学科人才培养质量的提升策略[9]、加强数字技术赋能建设在智慧应急人才培养中的应用[10]。这些研究不仅拓展了应急管理学科的理论深度,也为实际操作提供了切实可行的改进策略。
以“应急技术”、“应急管理”等为关键词,在中国知网上共检索论文466篇,以VOSviewer软件进行关键词可视化共现网络分析,结果如图1所示。技术角度关键词共现最多为云计算、人工智能、信息技术等;管理角度如应急预案、应急响应、辅助决策等出现频次最高。这些研究成果积极响应了国务院发布的《“十四五”国家应急体系规划》,其中,明确提出的7大重点任务得到了广泛的学术关注和探讨[11]
应急人才培养模式须考虑专业技能、行业对人才的需求、应急技术与管理的核心能力等因素。
应急人才在紧急情况下需要多元主体协同面对复杂多变的环境,根据不同行业对应急人才专业技能的要求,划分人才需求层级,分析应急管理产业人才需求层次,如图2所示。
关联规则挖掘是在事务数据库中探寻项目有趣关联未知的主流数据挖掘技术之一,经典算法有Apriori、FP(Frequent Pattern)-Growth、Eclat(Equivalence Class Clustering and bottom-up Lattice Traversal)等,它能够识别出现在一起项目的频繁性[12]。其中,支持度为2个因素一起出现的常见程度,即2个课程同时需要支持的能力常见性;置信度为2个因素中前项出现,后项同时出现的概率,即需要前项课程时,同时需要后项课程的概率;提升度为2个因素之间的依赖性,即评估课程间能力关联强度。
在Python环境下,基于FP-Growth算法,选取最小支持度阈值为0.3,即只有在至少30%的事务中出现的项集才被视为频繁项集;最小置信度阈值为0.3,即只有当规则置信度至少为30%,规则才被生成。最终利用FP-Growth算法生成233条强关联规则。选取图3与能力相关最高的课程进行课程关联性分析,得到部分结果见表1。可以看出,《应急预案编制与演练》与《应急识图与制图》在学生能力培养中,支持度为0.70,置信度为0.91,提升度为1.10,即70%能力要求中,这2门课同时被包括,培养相关能力方面互为补充;而高置信度表明:《应急预案编制与演练》课程的能力对学习《应急识图与制图》来说是必需的;提升度1.10,说明能力具有强关联。
以提升度作为能力强关联性的验证指标,课程关联性如图3所示。可以看出,所选取的核心课程间具体的关联强度,课程间在能力方面都有着强关联性。
在应急管理人才培养中,需要确保教学内容与实际能力需求相匹配。以应急技术与管理专业为例,利用Gephi软件对所开设的课程和必需的应急管理能力之间进行关联性分析,评估各核心课程与关键能力的匹配度。将课程和能力定义为网络节点,把不同课程与能力的对应关系的共现建立节点间的边连接,课程与能力关联网络如图4所示。
图4可以看出,在应急能力方面,支持决策制定、风险评估结果分析、制定风险缓解措施与课程有着较高的连入度,表明这些能力在应急管理的课程设计中被高度重视,是课程教学内容的重点。在课程设置方面,应急预案编制与演练课程设计、灾害事故应急处置与救援、应急技术与装备课程设计能够涵盖较多的应急能力需求,是学生掌握应急技能的核心课程。
通过分析应急技术与管理相关课程与关键能力可确定能力与课程的关联,识别核心课程。此外,通过深入了解不同层次人才的能力需求,可进一步精准匹配选修课程,使学生能够根据个人职业发展方向和兴趣进行自我的需求课程匹配。这种方法不仅增强了教育的目标性和实用性,也提高了学习的动力和效率。
将应急技术与管理的核心能力划分为技术能力、管理能力、危机心理调控能力、战略规划能力,以应急技术与管理为例进行核心能力评估分析。将核心课程与关键能力关联中的子能力进行归类,以二进制编码(即“1”表示具备该能力,“0”表示不具备该能力)标识每个课程对应能力的覆盖情况。
评估分析如图5所示。可以看出,在应急技术与管理的课程设置中,能够涵盖更多战略规划能力的培养。在聚类分析中,应急预案编制与演练(课程设计)、企业管理与技术经济、灾害事故应急处置与救援、应急技术与装备课程设计较为相近,这些课程更多以实践来提升学生的应急技术与管理能力。由于目前该专业未有毕业生,从课程设计能力涵盖的角度来探讨关联性,若是探究具体的能力量化,可从毕业生能力问卷调查、成绩分析等探索更具体的关联性分析。
目前,高校安全工程、应急管理、应急技术与管理3个专业出口部分重叠,需要对学生毕业时能力同质化问题做出及时规划。安全工程中以预防事故发生的角度作为主要研究目的,侧重于事故预防、风险管理领域的科学、技术、管理等;应急技术与管理是工程技术和组织管理能力结合的专业,由于工科的定位性质,其侧重于灾害发生后运用云计算、物联网等技术来降低危害程度;应急管理为政府、管理组织等主体在突发事件后各项工作活动的管理工作,侧重于疏通、引导人员[12-14]
应急管理涉及的情景广泛,且紧急危机情况下涉及多因素交互,目前,应急技术与管理专业的设置既有管理学下的“公共事业管理”的衍生,也有安全工程、防灾减灾科学与工程的拓展[15],针对不同危机情景培养人才且具有本学科特色,是学科专业建设中的一大挑战,也是提高应急技术与管理专业竞争力和实用性的重要机遇。
以安全工程与应急技术与管理学科关联性分析对比为例,安全工程课程与能力关联网络如图6所示。对比图4可以看出,在方案设计中有很多相同的课程,有着相似的教育目标和培养要求。但能力侧重点不同,反映安全工程从事前预防角度出发,应急技术与管理侧重于事中与事后的应对措施,两者虽在课程内容上有交集,但各自的专业侧重点和应用背景具有本质区别。
以“安全应急+”模式驱动传统专业转型,有助于服务国家创新驱动发展。地区应急人才全产业链创新模式如图7所示。
1) 政——构建政-校-企团队合作模式。通过应急人才能力需求分析,形成核心能力知识体系构建,深度优化知识体系,分层次更新传统安全应急知识体系内涵,实现全过程、全方位“科教融合、理实一体”的能力培养。面向区域产业经济社会需求,打破学科专业壁垒,通过政府部门协调推进校企共建课程、校企共建项目案例、应用型教材立项建设,构建交叉学科体系,搭建深度产教融合的工程基础知识。通过基层教学组织,组建“政校行企+”教学模式,构建学生解决复杂工程问题多维立体的工程能力。由专业人士担任学生导师,通过实际经验的分享和指导,帮助学生更好地理解并融入行业实践,这种合作模式有助于更好地满足产业对人才的需求。此外,依托学科优势,由学校、政府及合作企业联合组建申报安全与应急技术重点实验室或工程技术研究中心等学科平台,为产业学院学生联合培养、科研项目合作、技术难题联合攻关和成果转化服务提供平台支撑。与行业企业合作的应用课题纳入本科人才进行培养。
2) 产——定制硕博层次人才订单式培养模式。鼓励政府和企业人员申请攻读学校提供的安全工程、应急技术与管理等专业的硕士和博士学位。通过调研应急发展需求,与政府、企业采取定向联合培养技能应用型硕、博人才,帮助政府、企业从教育角度解决现实应急管理领域的挑战。通过与企业和政府的合作,学院也能够更准确地把握行业发展趋势,为学生提供与实际岗位需求高度契合的培训。这种个性化的培养方式不仅有助于提升学生的实际工作能力,也为政府和企业培养了更有竞争力和适应性的人才,以推动应急管理领域的全产业链发展。
3) 学——“3+1/1”产业特色班。开设本科“3+1/1”产业特色班,针对应急技术与管理,主要面向工矿、建筑企业等,培养掌握应急救援技术、智慧应急系统、指挥通信的复合型技术人才。产业特色班以人才留任为目的进行重点项目培养,实现学生的能力提升与学科发展。
“3”即前3年在学校进行理论学习,根据学生的兴趣和职业规划,提供多样化的课程组合选择,让学生根据自身兴趣和未来发展方向选择合适的学习路径;并定期评估学生能力,及时了解学生的学习进度和理解深度,根据评估结果调整教学计划和课程内容,提升教学效果与学生需求匹配性。
“1”为实习分流阶段,一部分“1”为派遣学生前往家乡旗县应急管理局、能源局、企业园区管委会等进行3~6月的实习,此阶段的实习侧重于管理技能的培养,学生将学习政策制定、危机应对、资源调配等管理层面的知识,以强化其综合协调能力;另一个“1”为派遣到工矿企业等进行实习,此阶段的实习侧重于技术技能的培养,将重点学习救援技术,通信技术,识别能力等技术技能,确保他们能够在实际操作中快速有效地应用所学知识。
4) 研——由学校-政府-企业共同组建成立研究院。集成优化资源,并吸纳在校生、毕业生形成人才储备。针对想要升学的毕业生提供科研就业岗位,减轻备考经济压力,或吸纳优秀的毕业生留在研究院进行课题研究,进一步深化专业技能。研究院按照功能、定位、目标等将基础研究方面放在高校,将应用型研究、中大型试验的研发平台放在企业,使研究成果能在全产业链中更快地转化为实际应用,直接支持企业技术创新和产品开发。
5) 用——人才闭环发展。选取优秀学生前往应急管理局、能源局等关键政府部门实习,以获得深入的监测与管理实践经验。这种实习不仅是对学生理论知识的实践检验,这些经历在培养学生专业技能的同时,也极大地提高了他们解决实际问题的能力。企业越来越倾向于招聘复合型人才,政府部门实习所得到的经验,能够极大提升自我的就业竞争力。
通过“政产学研用”多方协同全产业链育人方式,推动人才就业于地方、服务于地方,将地区教育内容与市场需求紧密对接,有效支持企业和政府在应急管理方面不同层次的人才需求,推动应急行业发展。
1) 从4层次人才需求出发,划分的应急人才核心能力与课程体系之间具有较强的关联性;现有人才培养方案可实现课程能力的全覆盖,使学生能够根据个人职业发展方向和兴趣进行自我的需求课程匹配。
2) 在安全工程人才能力及出口已稳定的情况下,应急技术与管理人才的课程及能力设计更侧重于专业背景及事中、事后的应用背景,凸显出人才毕业出口与合理竞争的路径。
3) 以“安全应急+”模式驱动为传统专业转型,提出政-校-企团队合作产教融合、理实一体的本科“3+1/1”产业特色班、硕博层次订单式应急人才创新培养模式;提出的地区应急人才全产业链服务理念,通过“政产学研用”多方协同育人方式,可将地区教育内容与市场需求紧密对接,实现应急管理现代产业的区域闭环发展。
  • 内蒙古自然科学基金青年基金资助(2022QN05009)
  • 内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费资助(2024QNJS101)
  • 校级教育教学改革研究项目重大项目(JY2023003)
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2025年第35卷第1期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0536
  • 接收时间:2024-08-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-11
  • 修回日期:2024-10-20
基金
内蒙古自然科学基金青年基金资助(2022QN05009)
内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费资助(2024QNJS101)
校级教育教学改革研究项目重大项目(JY2023003)
作者信息
    1 内蒙古科技大学 矿业与煤炭学院,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古科技大学 安全与应急管理产业学院,内蒙古 包头 014010
    3 内蒙古科技大学 内蒙古自治区矿业工程重点实验室, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    4 包头市应急管理局,内蒙古 包头 014030
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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