Article(id=1148106701154283886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)01-0103-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0632, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723737600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-16, revisedDate=1729440000000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659568346, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659568346, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659568346, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659568346, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106697601704181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659567499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401533944, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=103, endPage=111, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149757683177271982, articleId=1148106701154283886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=High-consequence area indentation of remote sensing images of China-Myanmar oil and gas pipeline based on improved YOLO model, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

An improved object detection algorithm for high-consequence areas was proposed to solve the problems of the sensitive and complex external environment of the overseas section of the China-Myanmar oil and gas pipeline, difficulty in manual inspection, and high-risk factors. Firstly, a convolutional block attention module was used to adaptively learn channel and spatial attention to enhance the network's perception and generalization capabilities. Then, focal and efficient intersection over union(Focal-EIoU) loss was used to comprehensively consider the target features and their associations to deal with the issues of class imbalance, reduce the interference of easy-to-classify samples, and enhance the robustness of the model. Finally, the improved model was used to intelligently recognize regional attributes of China-Myanmar oil and gas pipeline remote sensing images. Furthermore, the proposed YOLO model was validated against related ablation experiments. The results showed that for the feature recognition of remote sensing images of the China-Myanmar oil and gas pipeline, the proposed model reached a mean average precision (mAP) of 68.2% for the field, green space, settlement, and river. The model performance was improved by 29%, 21.6%, and 10.7% compared with YOLOv5, YOLOx, and YOLOv8, respectively.

, correspAuthors=Shaohua DONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuanliang JIANG, Qingying REN, Yuan REN, Haipeng LIU, Shaohua DONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148106714462810525, articleId=1148106701154283886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=基于改进YOLO模型的中缅油气管道遥感图像高后果区识别方法, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决中缅油气管道国外段外界环境敏感且复杂多变、人工巡检难度大、危险系数高的问题,提出一种改进的高后果区目标检测算法。首先通过引入卷积注意力模块(CBAM)自适应地学习通道和空间注意力,以增强网络的感知能力和泛化能力;然后使用精确边界框回归的高效交并比(Focal-EIoU)损失全面考虑目标特征和相互关系,处理类别不平衡问题,减少易分类样本的干扰,增强模型鲁棒性;最后将改进模型应用至中缅油气管线遥感图像地区属性化智能识别,并进行相关消融试验,以验证改进YOLO模型的有效性。结果表明: 采用所提方法识别中缅油气管线遥感图像特征,田地、绿地、居住地、河流4类地区检测的平均精度均值(mAP)达68.2%;相比于YOLOv5、YOLOx及YOLOv8分别提高29%、21.6%、10.7%。

, correspAuthors=董绍华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**董绍华(1972—),男,山东寿光人,博士,二级教授,博士生导师,主要从事安全工程、管道完整性管理技术、管道运行维护技术、管道安全评价技术、管道信息工程技术等方面的研究。E-mail:
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姜垣良 (1986—),男,吉林松原人,博士研究生,高级工程师,主要从事资源与环境、管道运输安全等方面的研究。E-mail:

任远 高级工程师

刘海鹏 高级工程师

董绍华 教授

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姜垣良 (1986—),男,吉林松原人,博士研究生,高级工程师,主要从事资源与环境、管道运输安全等方面的研究。E-mail:

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刘海鹏 高级工程师

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3 中国石油大学(北京) 油气生产安全与应急技术应急管理部重点实验室, 北京 102249, bio={"content":"

董绍华 教授

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董绍华 教授

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Results of model tests for identification of high consequence areas along pipelines

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模型 AP/% mAP@0.5/% mAP@0.5:0.95/%
田地 绿地 居住地 河流
YOLOv5 49.2 52.1 54.5 1.0 39.2 22.8
YOLOx 59.8 59.1 49.5 17.8 46.6 21.5
YOLOv8 53.5 59.3 58.3 59.1 57.5 24.4
改进模型 62.7 57.8 52.8 99.5 68.2 30.0
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管道沿线高后果区识别模型对比结果

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模型 AP/% mAP@0.5/% mAP@0.5:0.95/%
田地 绿地 居住地 河流
YOLOv5 49.2 52.1 54.5 1.0 39.2 22.8
YOLOx 59.8 59.1 49.5 17.8 46.6 21.5
YOLOv8 53.5 59.3 58.3 59.1 57.5 24.4
改进模型 62.7 57.8 52.8 99.5 68.2 30.0
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Comparison of ablation experiment results

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序号 注意力机制 损失函数 mAP/%
CIoU EIoU Focal
1 未添加CBAM 57.5
2 58.7
3 61.2
4 添加CBAM 59.7
5 67.1
6 68.2
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消融试验结果对比

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序号 注意力机制 损失函数 mAP/%
CIoU EIoU Focal
1 未添加CBAM 57.5
2 58.7
3 61.2
4 添加CBAM 59.7
5 67.1
6 68.2
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基于改进YOLO模型的中缅油气管道遥感图像高后果区识别方法
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姜垣良 1, 2, 3 , 任庆滢 3, 4 , 任远 2 , 刘海鹏 1, 2, 3 , 董绍华 1, 3, **
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025,35(1): 103-111
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025, 35(1): 103-111
基于改进YOLO模型的中缅油气管道遥感图像高后果区识别方法
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姜垣良1, 2, 3 , 任庆滢3, 4, 任远2, 刘海鹏1, 2, 3, 董绍华1, 3, **
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油大学(北京) 安全与海洋工程学院,北京 102249
  • 2 中国石油集团 中油国际管道公司, 北京 102206
  • 3 中国石油大学(北京) 油气生产安全与应急技术应急管理部重点实验室, 北京 102249
  • 4 中国石油大学(北京) 人工智能学院,北京 102249
  • 姜垣良 (1986—),男,吉林松原人,博士研究生,高级工程师,主要从事资源与环境、管道运输安全等方面的研究。E-mail:

    任远 高级工程师

    刘海鹏 高级工程师

    董绍华 教授

通讯作者:

**董绍华(1972—),男,山东寿光人,博士,二级教授,博士生导师,主要从事安全工程、管道完整性管理技术、管道运行维护技术、管道安全评价技术、管道信息工程技术等方面的研究。E-mail:
High-consequence area indentation of remote sensing images of China-Myanmar oil and gas pipeline based on improved YOLO model
Yuanliang JIANG1, 2, 3 , Qingying REN3, 4, Yuan REN2, Haipeng LIU1, 2, 3, Shaohua DONG1, 3, **
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • 2 CNPC International Pipeline Company, Beijing 102206, China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Safety and Emergency Technology, Ministry of Emergency Management, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • 4 College of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0632
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为解决中缅油气管道国外段外界环境敏感且复杂多变、人工巡检难度大、危险系数高的问题,提出一种改进的高后果区目标检测算法。首先通过引入卷积注意力模块(CBAM)自适应地学习通道和空间注意力,以增强网络的感知能力和泛化能力;然后使用精确边界框回归的高效交并比(Focal-EIoU)损失全面考虑目标特征和相互关系,处理类别不平衡问题,减少易分类样本的干扰,增强模型鲁棒性;最后将改进模型应用至中缅油气管线遥感图像地区属性化智能识别,并进行相关消融试验,以验证改进YOLO模型的有效性。结果表明: 采用所提方法识别中缅油气管线遥感图像特征,田地、绿地、居住地、河流4类地区检测的平均精度均值(mAP)达68.2%;相比于YOLOv5、YOLOx及YOLOv8分别提高29%、21.6%、10.7%。

YOLO  /  中缅油气管道  /  遥感图像  /  高后果区  /  目标检测  /  智能识别

An improved object detection algorithm for high-consequence areas was proposed to solve the problems of the sensitive and complex external environment of the overseas section of the China-Myanmar oil and gas pipeline, difficulty in manual inspection, and high-risk factors. Firstly, a convolutional block attention module was used to adaptively learn channel and spatial attention to enhance the network's perception and generalization capabilities. Then, focal and efficient intersection over union(Focal-EIoU) loss was used to comprehensively consider the target features and their associations to deal with the issues of class imbalance, reduce the interference of easy-to-classify samples, and enhance the robustness of the model. Finally, the improved model was used to intelligently recognize regional attributes of China-Myanmar oil and gas pipeline remote sensing images. Furthermore, the proposed YOLO model was validated against related ablation experiments. The results showed that for the feature recognition of remote sensing images of the China-Myanmar oil and gas pipeline, the proposed model reached a mean average precision (mAP) of 68.2% for the field, green space, settlement, and river. The model performance was improved by 29%, 21.6%, and 10.7% compared with YOLOv5, YOLOx, and YOLOv8, respectively.

YOLO  /  China-Myanmar oil and gas pipeline  /  remote sensing images  /  high consequence areas  /  object detection  /  intelligent identification
姜垣良, 任庆滢, 任远, 刘海鹏, 董绍华. 基于改进YOLO模型的中缅油气管道遥感图像高后果区识别方法. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (1) : 103 -111 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0632
Yuanliang JIANG, Qingying REN, Yuan REN, Haipeng LIU, Shaohua DONG. High-consequence area indentation of remote sensing images of China-Myanmar oil and gas pipeline based on improved YOLO model[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (1) : 103 -111 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0632
中缅油气管道由原油管道与天然气管道组成,约771 km管线位于缅甸境内,1 631 km原油管道及1 727 km天然气管道位于中国境内,其跨度大,途经外界环境复杂多变。为保证管道正常工作及能源安全运输,及时准确地掌握沿线高后果区[1],对管道周边情况的定时监测必不可少。人工沿线勘察费时费力,难顾全大局且危险系数高;卫星遥感技术在一定程度上减小了人力损耗,通过目标的位置坐标信息,可获取相应地区卫星遥感影像。然而,目前采用人工查看管道沿线遥感图像方式费时费力,工作量大且主观性强。因此,本研究选择目标检测法智能识别中缅管线沿线地区的区域特性,可重点关注沿线高后果区的情况。
遥感图像的目标检测可分为传统方法与深度学习2大类[2]。传统遥感图像目标检测算法包括模板匹配和机器学习[3]。自2012年深度卷积神经网络 AlexNet[4]在图像分类领域获得很大成功并证明了深度学习模型的可行性以来,越来越多的深度学习模型被应用至光学遥感图像的目标检测。在单目标检测方面,多名学者针对遥感图像中单一目标,如飞机、船舶、车辆等的检测展开过研究,如基于马尔可夫随机场全卷积网络[5]和利用迁移学习的端到端飞机检测框架[6];使用全卷积网络[7]、引入传统恒虚警率的快速区域卷积网络[8](Faster Region-based Convolutional Network,Faster R-CNN)和利用图像空间信息的级联耦合卷积神经网络[9]的船舶检测框架;可进行任意方向检测的端到端单卷积神经网络[10],基于超特征图的精确车辆候选网络及耦合R-CNN方法[11],具有循环特征感知可视化技术[12]的车辆检测框架;以及CAI Bowen等[13]提出的一种难例挖掘和权重均衡策略的端到端机场检测网络。多目标检测主要是针对飞机、船舶、储罐、球场、田径场、港口、桥梁等多个目标同时进行检测,如HAN Xiaobing等[14]提出的高分辨率空间遥感图像综合地理空间目标检测框架,LI Ke等[15]提出了旋转不敏感和上下文增强网络等。还有学者采用贝叶斯的观点展开研究[16],引入注意力机制[17]等方法进行遥感图像的目标检测。对于一些特定场景,有学者将YOLOv3应用于震后遥感图像倒塌建筑物的定位[18],HAN Yanling等[19]基于挤压激励网络、卷积神经网络和支持向量机检测遥感图像中的海冰;ZENG Kan等[20]提出一种深度卷积神经网络应用于遥感影像的溢油检测。长期以来,多项研究均针对遥感图像中单一目标进行识别,多目标识别通常针对储罐、球场、桥梁等城市中的个体物,但面对中缅油气管道,对其沿线遥感图像识别存在以下问题:管道通常埋于地下,难以捕获管线精确地理位置;中缅油气管道沿线具有自身独特性,如沿线途经山区、植被茂密地带、不发达城镇地区等,其遥感图像形貌特征与一般城市有较大差别,且标注难度较大。
鉴于此,笔者拟建立中缅油气管道木姐段遥感图像数据集,通过添加卷积注意力模块(Convolutional Block Attention Module, CBAM)、引入用于精确边界框回归的高效交并比(Focal and Efficient Intersection over Union, Focal-EIoU)损失来改进YOLOv8模型,智能识别中缅油气管道遥感图像高后果区的地区属性,以期为相关领域的研究提供参考和借鉴。
中缅油气管道沿线遥感图像高后果区地区属性识别所用数据为通过指定管道沿线经纬度信息,从谷歌地球获取的中缅油气管道缅甸境内木姐县区域管段沿线两侧约3km的缓冲区遥感图像,选区如图1所示。其中,黑粗线为管道所在位置,灰白色区域为待分析区域,即管道两侧约3 km的缓冲区。高后果区是管道泄漏后可能对公众和环境造成较大不良影响的区域,通过处理获得800张512×512遥感图像,标注图像中的田地、绿地、河流、居住地及道路,其中田地1 128处、绿地3 411处、居住地2 929处、河流240处,总计7 708处实例,并按8∶1∶1比例划分出训练、验证、测试集。中缅管线遥感图像数据如图2所示。
图3为标签分布情况,图3a为每个标签的中心点(x, y)在整幅图像中的位置,通过图像信息看出,标签位置较为均匀地分布在一张图像中的各个位置。图3b展示了不同尺寸标签的数量关系,通过图像信息看出,小目标居多,但仍均匀存在着大目标。图3c直观展示了数据中所有标签框的位置与形态。
训练过程中进行数据增强往往会使训练结果更好,使用Mosaic[21]数据增强方法,该方法每次涉及4张图像,思路如下:①每次读取4张图片;②分别缩放、反转4张图像等,摆放在4个方向位置;③组合4张图像,得到一张新图像,再将图像投入训练。
管道沿线高后果区地区属性识别网络整体结构如图4所示,主要由卷积(Conv)-批量归一化-激活函数组合模块(Conv-Batch normal-SiLU, CBS)、C2f模块、CBAM[22]模块、快速空间金字塔池化(Spatial Pyramid Pooling Fast, SPPF)[23]模块和检测头等组成。C2f模块主要由CBS、瓶颈模块与合并拼接操作组成,C2f_MM表示瓶颈模块个数。瓶颈模块由2个CBS和特征图相加操作组成,并可通过参数来控制是否进行直连操作。SPPF由一个CBS模块、3个最大池化层、合并拼接操作和一个CBS模块串联而成,其中,前3步操作会直接将参数传入合并拼接操作中,再共同传入最后一个CBS模块。检测头由2个分支组成,每个分支都由2个CBS模块和一个卷积组成,其中,一个分支得到边界框回归损失,另一个分支得到分类损失。
CBAM是一种用于前馈卷积神经网络的简单而有效的注意力模块。给定一个中间特征图,CBAM模块会沿着2个独立的维度(通道和空间)依次推断注意力图,然后将注意力图与输入特征图相乘以进行自适应特征优化。其整体结构如图5所示。可以看出,CBAM包含2个子模块,通道注意力模块(Channel Attention Module,CAM)和空间注意力模块(Spartial Attention Module,SAM)。
CAM结构如图6所示,首先将输入的高设为H、宽设为W、通道数设为C的特征图F(H×W×C)分别经过基于宽和高的全局最大池化和全局平均池化,计算每个通道上的最大特征值和平均特征值,得到2个1×1×C的特征图,再将它们输入到一个共享全连接层中。
这个全连接层用于学习每个通道的注意力权重, 通过学习网络可以自适应地决定哪些通道对于当前任务更加重要。将全局最大特征向量和平均特征向相交,得到最终注意力权重向量。之后将共享全连接层输出的特征进行基于逐元素的加和操作,再经过Sigmoid激活函数,生成最终通道注意力权值MC。最后,将MC和输入特征图F作逐元素乘法操作,生成SAM模块需要的输入特征。该通道注意力机制见下式:
M C ( F ) = s i g m o i d ( M L P ( A v g P o o l ( F ) ) + M L P ( M a x P o o l ( F ) ) ) = s i g m o i d ( W 1 ( W 0 ( F a v g C ) ) + W 1 ( W 0 ( F m a x C ) ) )
W 0 R C / r × C , W 1 R C × C / r
式中:AvgPool和MaxPool分别为平均池化和最大池化;MLP(Multi-Layer Perceptron)为多层感知机; W 0 W 1分别为池化层和共享MLP的权重。输入的F经过平均池化和最大池化分别得到特征图AvgPool(F)和MaxPool(F),同时,2条池化路径共享一个全连接层,2特征图分别经过共享MLP处理后得到MLP(AvgPool(F))与MLP(MaxPool(F)),之后经过激活函数得到最终输出MC(F)。
SAM结构如图7所示,首先将CAM输出的特征作为输入特征,分别沿通道维度执行最大池化和平均池化操作,生成不同上下文尺度的特征,将最大池化和平均池化后的特征沿着通道维度进行拼接操作,得到一个具有不同尺度上下文信息的特征图。然后通过7×7的卷积层处理这个特征图,以生成空间注意力权重,再经过Sigmoid激活函数生成空间注意力权值MS,最后将得到的空间注意力权重应用于原始特征图,对每个空间位置的特征加权,以突出重要的图像区域,并减少不重要区域的影响。该通道注意力机制可表达见下式:
M S ( F ) = s i g m o i d ( f 7 × 7 ( [ A v g P o o l ( F ) ;
M a x P o o l ( F ) ] ) ) = s i g m o i d ( f 7 × 7 ( [ F a v g s ; F a v g s ] ) )
式中f 7×7表示7×7的卷积操作。
在YOLOv8中加入CBAM能够自适应地学习输入特征图中的通道和空间注意力,从而增强网络对目标的感知能力和泛化能力,其通过引入更多的上下文信息并对每个通道的特征图加权,提升模型的检测性能,减少假阳性和漏检情况。同时,CBAM模块只引入少量额外参数,能够在不增加太多参数和计算量情况下获得更好的性能表现。
高效交并比[24](Efficient Intersection over Union,EIoU)主要由交并比(Intersection over Union,IoU)损失LIoU、距离损失Ld、边长损失La 3个部分组成,定义见下式:
L E I o U = L I o U + L d + L a = 1 - I o U + ρ 2 ( b , b t ) c 2 + ρ 2 ( w , w t ) C 2 W + ρ 2 ( h , h t ) C 2 H
式中:b为预测框;bt为真实框;w为预测框宽;wt为真实框宽;h为预测框高;ht为真实框高;c为最小包围框的对角线距离;CWCH分别为2个矩形闭包的宽和高,这些数值均基于像素计算。
IoU可体现预测框与真实框的检测效果,具体表达见下式及图8
I o U = b b t | b b t |
在EIoU的基础上通过分析有效示例挖掘问题,将EIoU损失和FocalL1损失相结合得到Focal-EIoU[24]损失见下式,其中 , γ为一个用于控制曲线弧度的超参数。
L F o c a l - E I o U = I o U γ L E I o U
试验使用Python版本3.9,Pytorch版本1.12.0,CUDA版本11.6,批处理大小为16,初始学习率为0.005,动量参数为0.937,权重衰减系数为0.000 5,训练迭代次数为450。
对于一个目标检测模型,通常使用精度P、召回率R、平均精度(Average Precision, AP)以及平均精度均值(mean Average Precision,mAP)等指标来评价模型。PR计算见下式:
P = T P / ( T P + F P )  
R = T P / ( T P + F N )  
式中:TP为真阳性,表示预测为正且实际为正;FP为假阳性,表示预测为正且实际为负;TN为真阴性,表示预测为负且实际为负;FN为假阴性,表示预测为负且实际为正。
RP分别为坐标轴的横、纵坐标画一条曲线,称该曲线为PR曲线,PR曲线与坐标轴围成的面积为AP值,AP值越大则说明平均准确率越高,AP值的计算见下式:
A P = i = 1 n - 1 ( r i + 1 - r i )   P I   ( r i + 1 )  
P I   ( r i + 1 ) = m a x r ˜ : r ˜ r i + 1 P ( r ˜ )
式中:r1, r2, …, ri 是按升序排列的P插值段第一个插值处对应的R值;i为插值的点数;n为插值总点数;PIP的插值计算; m a x r ˜ : r ˜ r i + 1表示在约束条件 r ˜ri+1下,对 r ˜进行最大化选择;P( r ˜)为在召回率 r ˜处的测量精度。
mAP值即为所有类别AP值的一个平均,是目标检测中最重要的衡量指标之一,计算见下式:
m A P = i = 1 k A P i / k  
式中k为类别数量。
mAP@0.5为在IoU阈值为0.5的情况下计算的mAP,mAP@0.5:0.95表示IoU阈值从0.5~0.95变化的情况下计算的mAP。
为验证模型有效性,将改进的模型与YOLOv5、YOLOx以及YOLOv8对比,评估其检测性能,试验结果见表1。改进模型对于4类中缅管线遥感图像高后果区属性检测mAP@0.5达68.2%,相比YOLOv5、YOLOx及YOLOv8分别提高29%、21.6%、10.7%。
图9图13为各模型的试验结果对比,其中,图9为4张测试数据原图,图10为针对图9a的检测结果,其中YOLOv5仅检测出图中一处绿地,YOLOx和YOLOv8均检测出图中的绿地和田地部分,改进模型额外识别出图中一处不明显的居住地。图11为针对图9b的检测结果,其中YOLOv5未识别出大部分地区属性,YOLOx和YOLOv8检测遗漏之处较多,改进模型几乎正确识别出图中所有地区属性。图12为针对图9c的检测结果,其中YOLOv5、YOLOx和YOLOv8均未检测出图像上方河流,改进模型则将图像上的绿地、居住地以及河流均识别出来。图13为针对图9d的检测结果,其中YOLOv5未检测出图中地区属性,YOLOx检测出图像右下角部分住所,YOLOv8检测出图像中间大面积的田地区域以及周边部分住所和绿地,改进模型在其基础上检测出了一些遗漏的房屋住所。
为验证模型的有效性,进行消融试验,主要对比点包括注意力机制的添加以及损失函数的修改。具体对比结果见表2,其中“√”表示使用某结构,“—”表示未使用某结构。图14为在原始网络结构以及添加CBAM机制网络结构2种情况下使用不同损失函数的结果。
图14看出,无论是否添加注意力机制,使用EIoU与Focal结合的损失函数结果最好,这是由于EIoU更好地处理了目标框之间的间隙问题,使得智能识别模型更加关注目标的整体形状而不是简单地考虑目标框的重叠程度,Focal损失一定程度上解决了文中河流类型数量较少、类别不平衡对试验结果影响较大的问题。图15为在使用CIoU、EIoU、Focal-EIoU 3种不同损失函数的情况下,是否对网络结构进行改进所带来的影响。
图15中浅灰色表示原始网络结构,深灰色为添加了CBAM的网络结构。通过图像可以看出,添加CBAM模块都会获得一个更好的结果,这是由于CBAM模块通过自适应学习了特征图中的通道和空间注意力,增强了特征的表达能力,提高了模型的鲁棒性和泛化能力。
1) 中缅油气管道沿线遥感图像智能识别存在的问题主要包括管道通常埋于地下,难以精确捕获具体地理位置;沿线具有途经山区、植被茂密地带、不发达城镇等自身独特性,地形形貌特征与一般城市有较大差别,标注难度较大。
2) 采用精确经纬度信息获取的中缅管道木姐段沿线遥感图像为数据集,以YOLOv8为基础网络,通过添加CBAM并引入用于精确边界框回归的高效交并比损失对模型进行改进,在中缅油气管道沿线田地、绿地、居住地、河流4类地区的mAP达68.2%。
3) 与YOLOv5、YOLOx以及YOLOv8等标检测网络相比,其平均精度的平均值分别提高29%、21.6%、10.7%,通过多组消融试验验证了模型所做改进的有效性。
  • 中国石油天然气集团有限公司-中国石油大学(北京)战略合作科技专项(ZLZX2020-05)
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2025年第35卷第1期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0632
  • 接收时间:2024-08-16
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-16
  • 修回日期:2024-10-21
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中国石油天然气集团有限公司-中国石油大学(北京)战略合作科技专项(ZLZX2020-05)
作者信息
    1 中国石油大学(北京) 安全与海洋工程学院,北京 102249
    2 中国石油集团 中油国际管道公司, 北京 102206
    3 中国石油大学(北京) 油气生产安全与应急技术应急管理部重点实验室, 北京 102249
    4 中国石油大学(北京) 人工智能学院,北京 102249

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**董绍华(1972—),男,山东寿光人,博士,二级教授,博士生导师,主要从事安全工程、管道完整性管理技术、管道运行维护技术、管道安全评价技术、管道信息工程技术等方面的研究。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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