Article(id=1148106699866632539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)01-0178-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0480, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723564800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-14, revisedDate=1729180800000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659568038, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659568038, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659568038, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659568038, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106697601704181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659567499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401533944, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=178, endPage=185, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149757476985291366, articleId=1148106699866632539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Assessment of regional landslide susceptibility based on fractal theory and information amount method of GIS, columnId=1149735802789348081, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Technology and engineering of disaster prevention and mitigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to reduce the losses caused by landslide disasters, taking Changde city of Hunan province as an example, the fractal theory and information method were applied to evaluate the regional landslide susceptibility based on field investigation and historical landslide data. The sensitivity of influence factors was quantitatively studied by fractal theory. The information values of each secondary impact factor were obtained by using the information method, and the comprehensive information values were obtained by combining the fractal dimension value and the information value. Based on the values, the susceptibility zoning of the study area was carried out. The results show that the slope, engineering geological rock group, elevation and vegetation are the influencing factors that have a second-order cumulative and fractal distribution with the landslide, while other influencing factors have a first-order cumulative and fractal distribution with the landslide. The areas of very low, low, medium, high and very high susceptibility areas respectively account for 5.24%, 8.84%, 35.06%, 39.21% and 11.65% respectively. Annual rainfall greater than 1 600 mm, slope of 20-30° and elevation of 900-1100m are important factors.

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为减少滑坡灾害带来的损失,以湖南省常德市为例,基于野外调查和历史滑坡数据,将分形理论和信息量法应用于区域滑坡易发性评价。利用分形理论定量研究影响因子的敏感性,再进一步利用信息量法得到各二级影响因子的信息量值,通过综合分维值和信息量值得到综合信息量值,以此值对研究区进行易发性分区。结果表明: 影响因子中的坡度、工程地质岩组、高程及植被等与滑坡呈二阶累计和分形分布,而其他影响因子与滑坡呈一阶累计和分形分布,通过其分维值,确定影响因子与滑坡之间的定量关系。极低、低、中、高、极高易发性区面积占比分别为5.24%、8.84%、35.06%、39.21%、11.65%,其中,年降雨量大于1 600 mm、坡度20~30°和高程900~1 100 m等影响因子为重要影响因子。

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曹洪洋 (1975—),男,河北南宫人,博士,教授,主要从事地质灾害和岩土工程方面的研究。E-mail:

任晓莹 工程师

李志强 高级工程师

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Landslide risk assessment in Wanzhou county, Three Gorges reservoir[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences, 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721840828818004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=43, authorNames=任晓莹, journalName=基于GIS的石门县滑坡地质灾害风险性评价, refType=null, unstructuredReference=任晓莹. 基于GIS的石门县滑坡地质灾害风险性评价[D]. 石家庄: 河北地质大学, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721840883343957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=44, authorNames=REN Xiaoying, journalName=Risk assessment of landslide in Shimen county based on GIS, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REN Xiaoying. Risk assessment of landslide in Shimen county based on GIS[D]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei GEO University, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1165721837922165287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, awardId=41807231, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助(41807231), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1165721837976691240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, awardId=D2023403055, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省自然科学基金资助(D2023403055), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1165721834654802417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721834663191026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, companyId=1165721834654802417, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Urban Geology and Engineering, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang Hebei 050031, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721834667385331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, companyId=1165721834654802417, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 河北地质大学 城市地质与工程学院,河北 石家庄 050031)]), AuthorCompany(id=1165721834768048628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721834776437237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, companyId=1165721834768048628, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Hebei Geological Engineering Exploration Institute, Baoding Hebei 071000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721834780631542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, companyId=1165721834768048628, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 河北省地质工程勘查院, 河北 保定 071000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1165721834843546103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721834851934712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, companyId=1165721834843546103, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Zhongjiao Hebei Civil Engineering Co., Ltd. Shijiazhuang Hebei 051433, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721834856129017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, companyId=1165721834843546103, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中交河北土木工程有限公司,河北 石家庄 051433)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1165721836428993043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Original fractal map of landslide distribution area and slope, figureFileSmall=ErVrCEFWD+Zv0BYOne9MoA==, figureFileBig=WV1WnM2ot4P9fiZLEPAitA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721836483518996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=CN, label=图1, caption=滑坡分布面积与坡度的原始分维图, figureFileSmall=ErVrCEFWD+Zv0BYOne9MoA==, figureFileBig=WV1WnM2ot4P9fiZLEPAitA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721836529656341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=First-order cumulative sum fractal dimension diagram of landslide distribution area and slope, figureFileSmall=AwdGK8agFd4K8U+pOSq8og==, figureFileBig=UDeCVHsynKlT9g1il3MQtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721836579987990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=CN, label=图2, caption=滑坡分布面积与坡度的一阶累计和分维图, figureFileSmall=AwdGK8agFd4K8U+pOSq8og==, figureFileBig=UDeCVHsynKlT9g1il3MQtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721836630319639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Second-order cumulative sum fractal dimension diagram of landslide distribution area and slope, figureFileSmall=zuv/jMA8rsef7Bl3efll5A==, figureFileBig=VYMRvP2xOePhDWXVJN5yXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721836693234200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=CN, label=图3, caption=滑坡分布面积与坡度的二阶累计和分维图, figureFileSmall=zuv/jMA8rsef7Bl3efll5A==, figureFileBig=VYMRvP2xOePhDWXVJN5yXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721836777120281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Landslide susceptibility information value in Shimen County, figureFileSmall=gCaGS68Ws0Fi9d8cUq4Rng==, figureFileBig=enFVSpxlLfV2yQt9J+bd8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721836861006362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=CN, label=图4, caption=石门县滑坡易发性信息量值, figureFileSmall=gCaGS68Ws0Fi9d8cUq4Rng==, figureFileBig=enFVSpxlLfV2yQt9J+bd8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721836919726619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Landslide susceptibility zoning based on information amount, figureFileSmall=b+DI/3tTSODGtHzn60vUbw==, figureFileBig=hKA0h6RezRT1R+QDEfDqPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721836982641180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于信息量的滑坡易发性区划, figureFileSmall=b+DI/3tTSODGtHzn60vUbw==, figureFileBig=hKA0h6RezRT1R+QDEfDqPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721837062332957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Model's global accuracy verification curve, figureFileSmall=xGaoabTW5uH403CA/ta83w==, figureFileBig=s4PA0Wb1egl1smq9EcrEYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721837121053214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=CN, label=图6, caption=模型全局精度验证曲线, figureFileSmall=xGaoabTW5uH403CA/ta83w==, figureFileBig=s4PA0Wb1egl1smq9EcrEYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721837230105119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution area of landslide with different slope gradients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
坡度/
(°)
区间划分 坡度段
编号r'
滑坡分布面积N'/km2
[10,20) 1 2.771
[20,30) 2 2.034
[0,10) 3 1.303
[30,40) 4 0.724
[40,60) 5 0.205
[60,90) 6 0.005
), ArticleFig(id=1165721837343351328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同坡度滑坡分布面积

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
坡度/
(°)
区间划分 坡度段
编号r'
滑坡分布面积N'/km2
[10,20) 1 2.771
[20,30) 2 2.034
[0,10) 3 1.303
[30,40) 4 0.724
[40,60) 5 0.205
[60,90) 6 0.005
), ArticleFig(id=1165721837406265889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Landslides distribution area and fractal dimension of other impact factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价
指标
划分区间 r' N'/km2 分维值 评价
指标
划分区间 r' N'/km2 分维值
坡向/(°) [90,135) 1 1.69 0.689 断层缓冲
距离/m
≥2 000 1 4.936 0.253
[315,360) 2 1.231 [0,500) 2 0.915
[135,180) 3 1.051 [500,1 000) 3 0.602
[270,315) 4 0.82 [1 000,2 000) 4 0.581
[225,270) 5 0.683 河流缓冲
距离/m
[0,200) 1 2.238 0.649
[0,45) 6 0.607 [200-400) 2 1.583
[45,90) 7 0.591 ≥1 000 3 1.376
[180,225) 8 0.417 [400,600) 4 0.827
高程/m [100,300) 1 2.602 1.383 [600,800) 5 0.604
[700,900) 2 1.207 [800,1 000) 6 0.404
[300,500) 3 1.177 年均降雨
量/mm
[1 200,1 300) 1 2.223 0.847
[900,1 100) 4 0.916 [1 300,1 600) 2 2.204
[500,700) 5 0.749 >1 600 3 1.647
[1 100,1 300) 6 0.328 [1 000,1 200) 4 0.97
[0,100) 7 0.061 NDVI [0.40,0.49) 1 2.577 1.478
[1 300,1 500) 8 0.003 [0.49,0.68) 2 1.871
岩组类型 碎屑岩类 1 5.024 1.193 [0.29,0.40) 3 1.844
碳酸盐岩类 2 1.991 [0.11,0.29) 4 0.635
松散堆积岩类 3 0.041 <0.11 5 0.09
浅变质岩类 4 0.003 与道路
距离/m
省道100、
县道50外
1 6.938 0.011
断层缓冲
距离/m
≥2000 1 4.936 0.253 县道50 2 0.053
[0,500) 2 0.915 县道25 3 0.043
[500,1 000) 3 0.602 省道100 4 0.014
[1 000,2 000) 4 0.581 省道50 5 0.009
), ArticleFig(id=1165721837473374754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

其他影响因子的滑坡分布面积表及分维值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价
指标
划分区间 r' N'/km2 分维值 评价
指标
划分区间 r' N'/km2 分维值
坡向/(°) [90,135) 1 1.69 0.689 断层缓冲
距离/m
≥2 000 1 4.936 0.253
[315,360) 2 1.231 [0,500) 2 0.915
[135,180) 3 1.051 [500,1 000) 3 0.602
[270,315) 4 0.82 [1 000,2 000) 4 0.581
[225,270) 5 0.683 河流缓冲
距离/m
[0,200) 1 2.238 0.649
[0,45) 6 0.607 [200-400) 2 1.583
[45,90) 7 0.591 ≥1 000 3 1.376
[180,225) 8 0.417 [400,600) 4 0.827
高程/m [100,300) 1 2.602 1.383 [600,800) 5 0.604
[700,900) 2 1.207 [800,1 000) 6 0.404
[300,500) 3 1.177 年均降雨
量/mm
[1 200,1 300) 1 2.223 0.847
[900,1 100) 4 0.916 [1 300,1 600) 2 2.204
[500,700) 5 0.749 >1 600 3 1.647
[1 100,1 300) 6 0.328 [1 000,1 200) 4 0.97
[0,100) 7 0.061 NDVI [0.40,0.49) 1 2.577 1.478
[1 300,1 500) 8 0.003 [0.49,0.68) 2 1.871
岩组类型 碎屑岩类 1 5.024 1.193 [0.29,0.40) 3 1.844
碳酸盐岩类 2 1.991 [0.11,0.29) 4 0.635
松散堆积岩类 3 0.041 <0.11 5 0.09
浅变质岩类 4 0.003 与道路
距离/m
省道100、
县道50外
1 6.938 0.011
断层缓冲
距离/m
≥2000 1 4.936 0.253 县道50 2 0.053
[0,500) 2 0.915 县道25 3 0.043
[500,1 000) 3 0.602 省道100 4 0.014
[1 000,2 000) 4 0.581 省道50 5 0.009
), ArticleFig(id=1165721837553066531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Calculation results of information value of each evaluation index

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 分类 综合信息量值 评价指标 分类 综合信息量值
高程/m [0,100) -3.518 33 岩组 浅变质岩类 -3.978 57
[100,300) 0.489 64 碳酸盐岩类 -0.474 93
[300,500) -0.373 60 碎屑岩类 0.385 92
[500,700) -0.701 92 松散堆积岩类 -2.679 14
[700,900) 0.776 53 断层缓冲区/m [0,500) 0.156 04
[900,1 100) 1.050 29 [500,1 000) 0.050 35
[1 100,1 300) 0.086 81 [1 000,2 000) -0.113 36
[1 300,1 500) -5.419 56 [2 000,4 000] -0.010 10
[1 500,2 100] 水系缓冲区/m [0,200) 0.086 02
坡度/(°) [0,10) -0.875 19 [200,400) 0.049 36
[10,20) 0.340 89 [400,600) -0.183 78
[20,30) 0.424 54 [600,1 000] -0.032 67
[30,40) 0.070 33 年均降雨量/mm [1 600,5 000] 1.663 92
[40,60) -0.250 26 [1 300,1 600) -0.087 18
[60,90] -0.203 21 [1 000,1 300) -0.265 81
坡向 平面 -0.405 81 NDVI [-0.3,0.11) -0.757 01
0.046 59 [0.11,0.29) -0.166 04
东北 -0.271 84 [0.29,0.40) 0.313 35
东南 0.164 58 [0.40,0.49) 0.218 74
0.283 96 [0.49,0.68] -0.393 69
-0.372 15 路/m 县道25 -0.001 42
西 -0.500 52 县道50 0.000 88
西北 0.059 51 省道50 -0.013 50
西南 0.187 85 省道100 -0.008 26
省道、县道外 0.000 06
), ArticleFig(id=1165721837624369700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各评价指标信息量值计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 分类 综合信息量值 评价指标 分类 综合信息量值
高程/m [0,100) -3.518 33 岩组 浅变质岩类 -3.978 57
[100,300) 0.489 64 碳酸盐岩类 -0.474 93
[300,500) -0.373 60 碎屑岩类 0.385 92
[500,700) -0.701 92 松散堆积岩类 -2.679 14
[700,900) 0.776 53 断层缓冲区/m [0,500) 0.156 04
[900,1 100) 1.050 29 [500,1 000) 0.050 35
[1 100,1 300) 0.086 81 [1 000,2 000) -0.113 36
[1 300,1 500) -5.419 56 [2 000,4 000] -0.010 10
[1 500,2 100] 水系缓冲区/m [0,200) 0.086 02
坡度/(°) [0,10) -0.875 19 [200,400) 0.049 36
[10,20) 0.340 89 [400,600) -0.183 78
[20,30) 0.424 54 [600,1 000] -0.032 67
[30,40) 0.070 33 年均降雨量/mm [1 600,5 000] 1.663 92
[40,60) -0.250 26 [1 300,1 600) -0.087 18
[60,90] -0.203 21 [1 000,1 300) -0.265 81
坡向 平面 -0.405 81 NDVI [-0.3,0.11) -0.757 01
0.046 59 [0.11,0.29) -0.166 04
东北 -0.271 84 [0.29,0.40) 0.313 35
东南 0.164 58 [0.40,0.49) 0.218 74
0.283 96 [0.49,0.68] -0.393 69
-0.372 15 路/m 县道25 -0.001 42
西 -0.500 52 县道50 0.000 88
西北 0.059 51 省道50 -0.013 50
西南 0.187 85 省道100 -0.008 26
省道、县道外 0.000 06
), ArticleFig(id=1165721837712450085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Susceptibility zoning review

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分区 极低危险区 低危险区 中危险区 高危险区 极高危险区
信息量值 [-11.774,5.912 6] (5.912 6,2.952 2] (2.952 2,0.820 7] (0.820 7,0.422 7] (0.422 7,3.323 9]
滑坡面积/km2 0.001 4 0.029 4 0.552 3 3.819 7 2.648 0
面积比/% 5.24 8.84 35.06 39.21 11.65
特征 地形起伏小,构造较简单,区内年均降雨量低,人类工程活动一般 地形坡度较小,构造较简单,岩体风化中等,人类工程活动一般 地形坡度较陡,冲沟较发育,泥质砂岩和页岩风化较强烈 地势陡,海拔高,受断裂构造影响较大 岩体风化严重,构造复杂,地形较陡
), ArticleFig(id=1165721837787947558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699866632539, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

易发性分区评述

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分区 极低危险区 低危险区 中危险区 高危险区 极高危险区
信息量值 [-11.774,5.912 6] (5.912 6,2.952 2] (2.952 2,0.820 7] (0.820 7,0.422 7] (0.422 7,3.323 9]
滑坡面积/km2 0.001 4 0.029 4 0.552 3 3.819 7 2.648 0
面积比/% 5.24 8.84 35.06 39.21 11.65
特征 地形起伏小,构造较简单,区内年均降雨量低,人类工程活动一般 地形坡度较小,构造较简单,岩体风化中等,人类工程活动一般 地形坡度较陡,冲沟较发育,泥质砂岩和页岩风化较强烈 地势陡,海拔高,受断裂构造影响较大 岩体风化严重,构造复杂,地形较陡
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基于GIS的分形理论和信息量法的区域滑坡易发性评价
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曹洪洋 1 , 任晓莹 2 , 李志强 3
中国安全科学学报 | 防灾减灾技术与工程 2025,35(1): 178-185
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中国安全科学学报 | 防灾减灾技术与工程 2025, 35(1): 178-185
基于GIS的分形理论和信息量法的区域滑坡易发性评价
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曹洪洋1 , 任晓莹2, 李志强3
作者信息
  • 1 河北地质大学 城市地质与工程学院,河北 石家庄 050031
  • 2 河北省地质工程勘查院, 河北 保定 071000
  • 3 中交河北土木工程有限公司,河北 石家庄 051433
  • 曹洪洋 (1975—),男,河北南宫人,博士,教授,主要从事地质灾害和岩土工程方面的研究。E-mail:

    任晓莹 工程师

    李志强 高级工程师

Assessment of regional landslide susceptibility based on fractal theory and information amount method of GIS
Hongyang CAO1 , Xiaoying REN2, Zhiqiang LI3
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Urban Geology and Engineering, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang Hebei 050031, China
  • 2 Hebei Geological Engineering Exploration Institute, Baoding Hebei 071000, China
  • 3 Zhongjiao Hebei Civil Engineering Co., Ltd. Shijiazhuang Hebei 051433, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0480
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为减少滑坡灾害带来的损失,以湖南省常德市为例,基于野外调查和历史滑坡数据,将分形理论和信息量法应用于区域滑坡易发性评价。利用分形理论定量研究影响因子的敏感性,再进一步利用信息量法得到各二级影响因子的信息量值,通过综合分维值和信息量值得到综合信息量值,以此值对研究区进行易发性分区。结果表明: 影响因子中的坡度、工程地质岩组、高程及植被等与滑坡呈二阶累计和分形分布,而其他影响因子与滑坡呈一阶累计和分形分布,通过其分维值,确定影响因子与滑坡之间的定量关系。极低、低、中、高、极高易发性区面积占比分别为5.24%、8.84%、35.06%、39.21%、11.65%,其中,年降雨量大于1 600 mm、坡度20~30°和高程900~1 100 m等影响因子为重要影响因子。

地理信息系统(GIS)  /  信息量法  /  区域滑坡易发性评价  /  分形理论  /  地质灾害

In order to reduce the losses caused by landslide disasters, taking Changde city of Hunan province as an example, the fractal theory and information method were applied to evaluate the regional landslide susceptibility based on field investigation and historical landslide data. The sensitivity of influence factors was quantitatively studied by fractal theory. The information values of each secondary impact factor were obtained by using the information method, and the comprehensive information values were obtained by combining the fractal dimension value and the information value. Based on the values, the susceptibility zoning of the study area was carried out. The results show that the slope, engineering geological rock group, elevation and vegetation are the influencing factors that have a second-order cumulative and fractal distribution with the landslide, while other influencing factors have a first-order cumulative and fractal distribution with the landslide. The areas of very low, low, medium, high and very high susceptibility areas respectively account for 5.24%, 8.84%, 35.06%, 39.21% and 11.65% respectively. Annual rainfall greater than 1 600 mm, slope of 20-30° and elevation of 900-1100m are important factors.

geographic information system (GIS)  /  information amount method  /  assessment of regional landslide susceptibility  /  fractal theory  /  geological hazard
曹洪洋, 任晓莹, 李志强. 基于GIS的分形理论和信息量法的区域滑坡易发性评价. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (1) : 178 -185 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0480
Hongyang CAO, Xiaoying REN, Zhiqiang LI. Assessment of regional landslide susceptibility based on fractal theory and information amount method of GIS[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (1) : 178 -185 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0480
为减少滑坡带来的损失,各国学者都在研究区域滑坡风险性评价的方法,区域滑坡的危险性和风险性评价方法都是以易发性评价为基础,因此,区域滑坡易发性评价显得尤为重要。易发性的评价主要考虑滑坡发生的地质条件,其评价结果可提升滑坡危险性评价的准确度和风险管理的科学性。
20世纪60年代,欧美学者开始进行区域性地质灾害敏感性研究,DOBROVOLNY[1]分析了美国Anchorage地区的滑坡灾害的敏感性等级,开拓了区域滑坡易发性评价的先河,此阶段区域滑坡研究主要以宏观定性分析为主;70年代后期,随着滑坡数量增加,学者们开展了从定性到定量的研究[2]。如BRABB等[3]最早利用地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)技术,提出滑坡危险性分析的新方法;WOOTEN等[4]利用模糊数学方法和GIS技术完成了地质灾害危险性评价;张若琳等[5]利用GIS技术,结合概率比率模型进行滑坡易发性评价;李益敏[6]、申怀飞[7]等基于GIS技术以确定性系数模型和信息量方法分析了研究区域的滑坡易损性和风险性,论证了该方法的可行性;丁茜等[8]基于GIS技术,通过有监督的支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)机器学习模型,建立基于径向基函数核的多分类SVM滑塌易发性评价模型。在滑坡分布特征研究过程中,MANDELBROT[9]初次将分形理论引入到滑坡特征描述中;易顺民等[10]将分形几何理论用于滑坡研究,得到滑坡较好分形特征的结论;吴树仁等[11]利用分形理论研究滑坡,得到分维值大小与滑坡稳定性相关;ROUAI等[12]提出滑坡空间分布有多重分形特征;李长江等[13]基于分形理论得到滑坡易发程度区划图;GUI Lei等[14]采用分形维数表示滑坡变形历史时空序列的新方法;史兴旺等[15]采用分形特征的概念,利用盒维数法探讨了不同灾害影响因素的分形特征,分析了滑坡灾害的空间分布与各影响因素的内在关系,得到各个评价要素的分维值。上述研究显示,分形理论能够揭示滑坡与不同影响因子之间的关系,但目前分形理论在区域滑坡易发性评价中缺乏对基础数据的深入研究。
SHANNON[16]最先提出信息量法,晏国珍等[17]第一次用于滑坡评价预测中。信息量法在应用中影响因子权重是其中较为难以解决的问题。曹洪洋等[18]提出的影响因子贡献率的方法是信息量法的雏形;熊俊楠等[19]采用层次分析法和信息量法评价了研究区的滑坡危险性;凌晓[20]提出一种分级的方法,利用信息量法评价了汶川地区的地震滑坡危险性;孔嘉旭等[21]基于信息量和卷积神经网络进行滑坡易发性评价。上述研究均利用信息量法取得了一定的成果。但是信息量法主要存在主观影响因素较大、多指标因素描述不够深入及权重分配不合理等缺点。
鉴于此,笔者拟综合运用分形理论和信息量2种方法,以湖南省常德地区石门县滑坡为例,采用分形理论确定评价指标及确定权重,以期有较为客观的易发性评价结果。
石门县位于湖南省西北部,隶属湖南省常德市,地处湘鄂交接,东望洞庭湖,南接桃花源,西邻张家界,北连长江三峡。
石门县地质环境复杂,山地占总面积的71.8%,坡陡谷深,高差较大,软岩与硬质岩相间分布。该县降雨时间长,雨量集中,是滑坡发生的主要诱因。目前该县有滑坡数据230个,这些数据作为易发性评价的基础数据。
曼德尔布罗特的分形定义需满足的模型为[22-23]:
N = C r - D
式中:N为相应特征标度下物体的数目;C为比例常数;r为特征标度;D为分维值。
自然界中基本没有严格满足常维分形的事物,变维分形基本思路是通过将函数 D = f ( r )转化为式(1),进而用常维分形进行分析[23],步骤如下:
1) 如果原始数据点 ( N i , r i )(其中,i取1~n的整数)变换得到双对数坐标图的曲线不能拟合为一条直线,就需要进行累加变换。若 ( N 1 , N 2 , , N n )为基本序列,根据下式构造一阶、二阶以至于n阶的累积和序列:
{ S 1 i } = { N 1 , N 1 + N 2 , , N 1 + N 2 + + N n }
{ S 2 i } = { S 1 1 , S 1 1 + S 1 2 , , S 1 1 + S 1 2 , + + S 1 n }
{ S n i } = { S ( n - 1 ) 1 , S ( n - 1 ) 1 + S ( n - 1 ) 2 , ,
S ( n - 1 ) 1 + S ( n - 1 ) 2 + + S ( n - 1 ) n }
2) 通过拟合为直线高的序列的数据点,确定累积和阶次与常分维数。进而转化为常分维数进行分形特征研究。
按照信息量法,某种地质因素提供发生滑坡的可能性是通过计算其信息量来度量的,即用信息量大小来评价地质因素及其状态与滑坡发生的关系(即易发性)[24]。信息量法用信息量值来衡量,值大则表明滑坡发生的可能性就大,该区域滑坡易发性就较大[12]。信息量计算如下式:
I ( y , x 1 , x 2 , , x n ) = l n ( p ( y , x 1 , x 2 , , x n ) / p ( y ) )
根据条件概率运算,式(3)可以转换为:
P ( y , x 1 , x 2 , , x n ) = I ( y , x 1 ) + I x 1 ( y , x 2 ) + + I x 1 , x 2 , , x n - 1 ( y , x n )
式中: n为评价因子个数; ( y , x 1 , x 2 , , x n )为因子组合( x 1 , x 2 , , x n )对滑坡等地质灾害发生所提供的信息量; P ( y , x 1 , x 2 , , x n )为因子组合 ( x 1 , x 2 , , x n )条件下滑坡等地质灾害发生的概率;P(y)为滑坡等地质灾害发生的概率; I x 1 ( y , x 2 ) x 1存在时, x 2对滑坡等地质灾害产生所提供的信息量。
由式(3)和式(4)可知:当 P ( y , x 1 , x 2 , , x n ) P ( y )时, I ( y , x 1 , x 2 , , x n ) 0;反之 I ( y , x 1 , x 2 , , x n ) 0。大于0表明因子 ( x 1 , x 2 , , x n )组合有利于产生滑坡,反之不利于产生滑坡。
本评价模型首先应用分形理论统计得到滑坡分布的分形丛集关系,从而确定一级指标分维数,信息量法确定二级指标信息值,在此基础上得到综合信息量值,利用GIS叠加功能进行易发性分区评价。
利用研究区的数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)提取研究区的坡度,再利用GIS叠加分析功能分析滑坡与坡度,得到不同坡度间隔的滑坡分布面积,将结果进行排序,见表1
利用Origin软件完成上述分析结果中的N'与r'之间的基本序列关系,分析结果如图1所示。结果分析显示,自变量与因变量之间不是线性关系,因此,需要进行一阶累计和分维变换,变换后仍不是线性关系,继续进行二阶累计和分维变换,经过二阶累计和分维变换后呈线性关系(图2图3),分维值D2=1.416 91。
坡向、降雨、高程、断裂构造、河流缓冲区、工程地质岩组、归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)及人类工程活动其他影响因素分析过程同坡度分析,为节省篇幅不一一展现。分析结果见表2
表2可以看出,滑坡和影响因子之间敏感性与变维分形理论的敏感性有较好的对应关系,而且可用定量数值表征敏感程度。
区域滑坡易发性分析选用30m×30m网格单元,与选用的DEM一致,其他矢量影响因子都利用GIS功能将其转化为30m的栅格数据。
评价指标的建立一般分为一级指标和二级指标。上述研究中影响因子与滑坡之间若是二阶累计和分形关系,说明和滑坡之间的相关性较大,选取这些影响因子作为易发性评价的一级指标。二级指标的划分主要参考信息量分布曲线中的突变点[25]
基于GIS的信息量法进行滑坡易发性评价,具体步骤如下:
1) 计算单个评价指标的信息量值。信息量 I ( x i , H )计算如下式, x i为评价因子,H为影响因子对滑坡的贡献。
I ( x i , H ) = l n P x i H / P ( x i )
式(5)为理论模型,在实际中以网格进行区域滑坡易发性评价时常转为下式:
I ( x i , H ) = l n M i M / S i S
式中: M i为评价因子 x i内分布有滑坡的网格单元数;M为区内有滑坡的网格单元数; S i为区内含有评价因子 x i的单元数;S为区内总网格单元数。
2) 单个评价单元总的信息量计算如下式:
I i = i = 1 n I ( x i , H ) = i = 1 n l n M i M / S i S
式中 I i为评价单元总的信息量值。
3) I i作为评价单元滑坡灾害发生的综合指标,其值大小与滑坡易发性高低相对应。
利用GIS完成各指标的信息量值的计算,再与评价因子的变维分形值相乘,得到各个指标的综合信息量值,计算结果见表3。通过分析得到该地区最主要影响因素为年均降雨量、高程和坡度,其他为次要因素。
利用GIS叠加功能将各个图层的信息量值进行叠加。利用自然断点法分为5个等级[26],结果如图4图5所示。
易发性各分区评述见表4
1) 合理性检验。分别统计滑坡个数频率比和滑坡面积的频率比。滑坡个数频率比从极低危险区到极高危险区依次为0.083 0、0.295 1、0.384 4、1.419 3和2.388 5,滑坡面积频率比从极低危险区到极高危险区依次为0.003 8、0.047 2、0.223 4、1.381 6和3.227。由统计结果可以看出,从低危险区到极高危险区依次递增,极高危险区的滑坡面积比例达到最大,可见易发性评价结果与滑坡灾害的分布较为吻合。
2) 准确性检验。采用成功率验证曲线准确性检验试验结果。曲线下方的面积(Area Under Curve,AUC)越接近1,滑坡易发性评价结果越准确。通过计算本模型AUC值为0.751 3,模型验证精度曲线如图6所示,试验结果验证了模型的可行性。
影响因子权重的确定是区域滑坡易发性评价中的关键问题,传统的信息量法一般结合层次分析法来确定,该方法主观影响较大。将分形理论引入到模型分析中,该方法基于历史滑坡数据来分析影响因子之间的敏感关系,量化了影响因子权重,分析过程较为客观。但分维数与影响因子分级有很大关系,不同的分级计算结果可能存在差异,还需要进一步进行研究。
1) 研究区域内的影响因子与滑坡之间分形分布,表现出一阶累计与变形分布和二阶累计与分形分布特征。研究结论论证了变维分形研究区域滑坡的可行性。
2) 基于GIS技术的分形-信息量法用于易发性评价是可行的,将传统的信息量法进行创新性的改进,区划结果符合客观实际。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(41807231)
  • 河北省自然科学基金资助(D2023403055)
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2025年第35卷第1期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0480
  • 接收时间:2024-08-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-14
  • 修回日期:2024-10-18
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(41807231)
河北省自然科学基金资助(D2023403055)
作者信息
    1 河北地质大学 城市地质与工程学院,河北 石家庄 050031
    2 河北省地质工程勘查院, 河北 保定 071000
    3 中交河北土木工程有限公司,河北 石家庄 051433
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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