Article(id=1148106699438813529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)01-0223-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0495, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723651200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-15, revisedDate=1729353600000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659567937, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659567937, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659567937, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659567937, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106697601704181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659567499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401533944, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=223, endPage=230, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149757474716172840, articleId=1148106699438813529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Research progress on emergency management of nuclear power plants: bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace, columnId=1149733268699918866, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Emergency technology and management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To improve the theory and practice of nuclear power plant emergency management, a bibliometric approach was applied using CiteSpace software. A total of 355 relevant journal articles were collected from the Web of Science (WoS) database. By constructing mixed co-occurrence maps of researchers and institutions, keyword co-occurrence maps, keyword clustering maps, and visual timelines of keyword frequency, the research hotspots, focal areas, research forces, development paths, and frontier trends in nuclear power plant emergency management were analyzed in detail. The results indicate that, influenced by the Fukushima nuclear accident, research on nuclear power plant emergency management has gradually increased since 2011, particularly in the areas of risk assessment and decision support. The field of nuclear power plant emergency management research is characterized by its diversity, with a primary focus on accident management, performance monitoring, decision-making, and the application of simulation technologies. The interconnections between these topics fully demonstrate the complexity of nuclear power plant emergency management as an interdisciplinary field. Currently, the nuclear power sector is undergoing rapid development, and the emergency management system and capabilities of nuclear power plants are continuously improving to reduce the risks of potential accidents. Research from the perspective of interdisciplinary collaboration on emergency preparedness, response, and strategies for nuclear power plants has become a significant and emerging research direction.

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为提高核电厂应急管理理论与实践水平,采用文献计量学软件CiteSpace收集科学引文索引(WoS)数据库的355篇相关期刊论文;通过构建研究者与研究机构混合共现图、关键词共现图、关键词聚类图、关键词词频与时间线可视化图谱,详细分析核电厂应急管理的研究热点、研究重点、研究力量、发展路径及前沿趋势。结果表明: 受福岛核事故影响,自2011年起,核电厂应急管理研究逐渐增多,特别是在风险评估和决策支持领域;核电厂应急管理领域的研究具有多元化特点,研究主要集中在事故管理、性能监控、决策以及模拟技术的应用等方面,这些主题的相互关联充分展示了核电厂应急管理作为一个交叉学科的复杂性;当前,我国核电厂应急管理体系和能力建设在不断提升,从跨学科协作角度来研究核电厂应急准备、应急响应以及应急策略已成为当前的研究热点。

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刘 珍 (1995—),女,江西上饶人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为核电厂应急管理。E-mail:

彭国文 教授

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彭国文 教授

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彭国文 教授

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Research on development strategy of China nuclear energy modernization[J]. 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Japanese Journal of Health Physics, 2022, 57(1): 49-53., articleTitle=Symposium report: the 5th QST international symposium on radiation emergency monitoring and medicine in nuclear disaster: current status of each country and future prospects, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1165721854552580744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699438813529, awardId=42377076, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助(42377076), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1165721854598718089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699438813529, awardId=2023JJ50129, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金资助(2023JJ50129), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1165721852455428700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699438813529, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721852459623005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, 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Nuclear power plant emergency management top 10 keyword information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 频次 中介中心性 年份 关键词
1 33 0.36 1994 nuclear power plant
2 24 0.33 2000 accident
3 19 0.2 2000 management
4 15 0.14 2000 severe accident
5 12 0.1 2000 model
6 11 0.1 1993 accident management
7 9 0.08 2013 chernobyl
8 9 0.08 2000 decision making
9 9 0.08 1998 performance
10 8 0.08 1994 emergency response
), ArticleFig(id=1165721854460306055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699438813529, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

核电厂应急管理前10个关键词信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 频次 中介中心性 年份 关键词
1 33 0.36 1994 nuclear power plant
2 24 0.33 2000 accident
3 19 0.2 2000 management
4 15 0.14 2000 severe accident
5 12 0.1 2000 model
6 11 0.1 1993 accident management
7 9 0.08 2013 chernobyl
8 9 0.08 2000 decision making
9 9 0.08 1998 performance
10 8 0.08 1994 emergency response
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核电厂应急管理研究进展:基于CiteSpace的文献计量分析
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刘珍 1, 2 , 刘涛 1 , 彭国文 1
中国安全科学学报 | 应急技术与管理 2025,35(1): 223-230
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中国安全科学学报 | 应急技术与管理 2025, 35(1): 223-230
核电厂应急管理研究进展:基于CiteSpace的文献计量分析
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刘珍1, 2 , 刘涛1, 彭国文1
作者信息
  • 1 南华大学 资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南 衡阳 421001
  • 2 南华大学附属第二医院,湖南 衡阳 421001
  • 刘 珍 (1995—),女,江西上饶人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为核电厂应急管理。E-mail:

    彭国文 教授

Research progress on emergency management of nuclear power plants: bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace
Zhen LIU1, 2 , Tao LIU1, Guowen PENG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421002, China
  • 2 The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421002, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0495
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为提高核电厂应急管理理论与实践水平,采用文献计量学软件CiteSpace收集科学引文索引(WoS)数据库的355篇相关期刊论文;通过构建研究者与研究机构混合共现图、关键词共现图、关键词聚类图、关键词词频与时间线可视化图谱,详细分析核电厂应急管理的研究热点、研究重点、研究力量、发展路径及前沿趋势。结果表明: 受福岛核事故影响,自2011年起,核电厂应急管理研究逐渐增多,特别是在风险评估和决策支持领域;核电厂应急管理领域的研究具有多元化特点,研究主要集中在事故管理、性能监控、决策以及模拟技术的应用等方面,这些主题的相互关联充分展示了核电厂应急管理作为一个交叉学科的复杂性;当前,我国核电厂应急管理体系和能力建设在不断提升,从跨学科协作角度来研究核电厂应急准备、应急响应以及应急策略已成为当前的研究热点。

核电厂  /  应急管理  /  CiteSpace  /  风险评估  /  决策支持

To improve the theory and practice of nuclear power plant emergency management, a bibliometric approach was applied using CiteSpace software. A total of 355 relevant journal articles were collected from the Web of Science (WoS) database. By constructing mixed co-occurrence maps of researchers and institutions, keyword co-occurrence maps, keyword clustering maps, and visual timelines of keyword frequency, the research hotspots, focal areas, research forces, development paths, and frontier trends in nuclear power plant emergency management were analyzed in detail. The results indicate that, influenced by the Fukushima nuclear accident, research on nuclear power plant emergency management has gradually increased since 2011, particularly in the areas of risk assessment and decision support. The field of nuclear power plant emergency management research is characterized by its diversity, with a primary focus on accident management, performance monitoring, decision-making, and the application of simulation technologies. The interconnections between these topics fully demonstrate the complexity of nuclear power plant emergency management as an interdisciplinary field. Currently, the nuclear power sector is undergoing rapid development, and the emergency management system and capabilities of nuclear power plants are continuously improving to reduce the risks of potential accidents. Research from the perspective of interdisciplinary collaboration on emergency preparedness, response, and strategies for nuclear power plants has become a significant and emerging research direction.

nuclear power plants  /  emergency management  /  CiteSpace  /  risk assessment  /  decision support
刘珍, 刘涛, 彭国文. 核电厂应急管理研究进展:基于CiteSpace的文献计量分析. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (1) : 223 -230 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0495
Zhen LIU, Tao LIU, Guowen PENG. Research progress on emergency management of nuclear power plants: bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (1) : 223 -230 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0495
经过近40年的发展,我国已跻身世界核电大国。目前,我国商运核电机组超过50台,总装机容量超5 600万kW,在建机组超过20台,且在建装机容量连续多年保持全球第一。由此可见:我国核电将迎来一轮新的发展机遇,但安全是至关重要的前提[1]。核电厂应急管理旨在控制和减轻核事故后果,是核安全的重要组成部分[2-3]。随着核能技术的快速发展和新建核电厂的投入运营,核电厂应急管理已成为学术界和工业界的重点关注领域,并逐渐发展为一项复杂的系统工程[4]
国内外相关研究机构和专家学者开展了大量关于核电厂应急管理的研究,涉及应急法律法规标准建设、应急体制机制建设、应急预案与程序编制[5]、应急设施与设备建设、应急人员培训与考核[6]、应急演习与评估、事故分析与后果评价[7]等诸多方面。通过梳理现有研究发现,核电厂应急管理领域仍存在以下不足:①应急预案与程序设计对极端情况下的适应性不足,未能充分考虑多因素交互影响,难以有效应对复杂的事故情景;②事故分析与后果评价方法在复杂工况下的预测精度有限,技术支撑能力亟待提升;③应急设施与设备的技术水平参差不齐,部分关键设备在实际应用中表现出可靠性不足,制约了应急响应的有效性。
因此,笔者拟使用CitesSpace软件,检索科学引文索(Web of Science,WoS)数据库中与核电厂应急管理相关的文献,并进行定性与定量的可视化图谱分析,以期展示核电厂应急管理研究领域的研究概况、研究热点与研究趋势,为未来相关研究提供有价值的参考与启示。
使用CiteSpace软件通过Topic检索方式在WoS数据库中检索nuclear power plant和emergency management相关文献。检索范围限定于WoS Core Collections,时间跨度设置为1965年1月1日—2024年3月15日,共筛选出355篇符合条件的文献,构成核电厂应急管理文献计量分析的数据基础。文献发表时间及其数量分布如图1所示。需要特别说明的是,对于核电厂应急管理领域的文献检索时间范围是1990年10月1日—2024年3月15日。
图1显示,1990年10月1日—2024年3月15日,发文量呈现增长趋势。1990年10月1日—2006年12月31日,发文量相对稳定,年均发文量较低,且没有明显的增长趋势。从2007年开起,文献发表数量开始增加,2009年文献发表数量是2006年的2倍以上。特别是在2013—2019年的7年内,文献发表数量明显增加,2013年发文量达到18篇,占比上升至2.82%,之后维持在较高水平。结合国际原子能机构(International Atomic Energy Agency,IAEA)、美国核管会(Nuclear Regulatory Commission,NRC)、国家核安全局(National Nuclear Safety Administration,NNSA)等国内外相关机构所发布的技术导则、技术规范以及行政法规等分析[8],造成核电厂应急管理相关研究发文趋势的原因可能有以下3点:①2011年,日本福岛核事故引发全球对核安全的高度关注和重视,推动国际原子能机构和各国政府采取了一系列相关措施,以提升核安全标准和应急准备能力[9];②福岛核事故激发了科学界和工业界对核电厂应急管理领域的创新和研究,涉及新型反应堆、人工智能、机器人技术、三维打印等方面[10];③联合国2015年通过的决议The 2030 agenda for sustainable development,强调核能作为清洁能源在可持续发展中的重要作用,促使各国加强核电安全标准,以满足可持续发展需求 [11-12]
利用CiteSpace软件共现分析1990年10月1日—2024年3月15日核电厂应急管理领域的研究者和研究机构,以展现其影响力与贡献度。
设置每年为一个时间切片,选择Author和Institution作为节点类型,并选取每个时间段内出现频次最高的前25名研究者和机构,绘制共现图谱进行可视化分析。图2中,韩国原子能研究院(Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, KAERI)作为一个显著的集群中心,大节点突显了其在该领域文献中拥有广泛的共现频率和高度的中心性。此外,中国清华大学(Tsinghua University)和日本福岛医科大学(Fukushima Medical University)等机构通过其显著的连接线和节点大小,展现了它们的科研影响力。特别地,一些边缘节点如日本长崎大学(Nagasaki University)和韩国中央大学(Chung-Ang University),尽管规模较小,但可能代表了新兴研究团队或特定研究方向的独立贡献。这些发现表明:高校、企业和科研机构是核电厂应急管理研究的主要力量,跨界合作已成为该领域发展的显著特征。
关键词共现图用于揭示所筛选文献中各个关键词对整个网络的重要性和影响力,并反映出核电厂应急管理中各个关键词之间的关系,如图3所示。图3中,节点大小表示关键词的出现频率,节点越大,频率越高。节点间的连线表明了关键词在相同文献中的共现,由此可见各关键词之间的联系。
关键词共现图能够直观地反映出核电厂应急管理领域相关文献中频繁出现的研究主题。图3中最显著的关键词包括nuclear power plant、accident和management,突显了核电厂应急管理研究中的核心议题。显著性较高的关键词如chernobyl和accident management显示了历史事件对该领域研究的影响。与此同时,simulation、emergency response和human reliability analysis等词的出现表明了在核电厂应急管理中应急响应、模拟和人因可靠性分析的重要性。这些关键词的共现揭示了研究的多方面聚焦点,包括事故模拟、放射性物质扩散以及决策制定等,充分体现了核电厂应急管理作为一个多主题、多维度研究领域的复杂性。
使用CiteSpace进行关键词聚类分析时,主要关注2个关键指标:Q值和S值。Q值用于评价关键词聚类的质量,反映簇内关键词的关联性;而S值用于评估关键词聚类的紧凑度和分离度,基于关键词在同簇的相似度及其与其他关键词的区分度,当Q>0.3意味着聚类结构显著,S>0.5聚类是合理的,S>0.7聚类是令人信服的。WoS数据库关键词的Q值和S值分别为0.750 3及0.925 3。使用CiteSpace绘制关键词聚类图,如图4所示,共生成9个关键词聚类。图中每个数字标签的聚类代表一个研究主题,其中,关键词的紧密度和聚类大小反映了主题的研究强度和文献量。
聚类1 decision support、5 decision support system和9 decision support systems显示出决策支持工具在核电应急管理中的重要作用,强调了模型、模拟、诊断工具在事故响应中的重要性。聚类2 evacuation和7 bus evacuation problem聚焦于撤离策略的相关问题,反映出在核事故发生时如何安全有效地疏散民众是一个重要的研究内容。此外,这些主题周围的关键词,如disaster和accident consequences表明研究焦点不仅在于预防,还在于事故后的应对与处置。聚类3 nuclear reactors、0nuclear power plant和6 severe accident聚焦核反应堆和严重事故的风险评估与管理,这些聚类的存在表明:风险评估和事故管理策略是核电厂应急管理领域研究的另一核心问题。聚类4 emergency operating procedures表明核电厂应急操作规程的开发是该领域研究的另一关注焦点。而聚类8 simulated emergencies则表示利用模拟仿真技术来研究核电厂应急管理相关问题是当前热点。从上述聚类分析看出,核电厂应急管理领域的研究具有多元化特点,包括风险评估、决策支持、应急操作规程、以及撤离策略等。这些主题的相互关联充分展示了核电厂应急管理作为一个交叉学科的复杂性。
PAREDES等[13]总结了三哩岛核事故后核电厂安全应急管理的变化,特别是在应急操作规程的开发和执行等方面。尽管这些规程通过改进操作指南、提升操作员培训水平和加强应急准备降低了核安全风险,但仍存在局限性。首先,传统应急操作规程基于线性事件模型,难以应对非线性、复杂和动态变化的事故情景,如冷却剂损失事故中多变量的交互影响。其次,应急决策过程高度依赖操作员手动判断,在面对复杂信息和时间压力时容易导致决策不准确或延误。此外,现有规程对系统参数之间的因果关系考虑不足,可能导致关键控制参数无法及时调整。为克服这些不足,研究建议引入如模糊认知图等人工智能技术,以增强决策支持,优化应急操作规程,提高事故响应能力。LI Fei[14]指出亚太地区在核电厂应急管理中存在不足,包括:系统全面的法律法规缺乏、核应急早期预警系统的不完善、未充分强调军队的使用、对公民的核相关知识普及不足及机构分工不够明确等方面。这些不足的成因主要在于核辐射事件的强烈意外性和不可预测性、社会对核能发展的接受度及资源分配和机构职责划分的不明确。YAN Ke等[15]通过分析福岛核事故后国内外的反馈,明确了核电厂应急管理在现有条件下存在的不足和问题,指出了在极端事故下保障核电厂安全运行的挑战,包括如何保护免受外部事件影响、确保应急电源供应和提升燃料池的安全性、优化多单元事故的应急响应等方面的需求。此外,YAN Ke等[15]还根据发生事故后福岛核电厂更新的技术要求,提出了改进安全设计的建议。这些改进特别针对内陆核电厂,在应急水补给和移动电源配置方面提出了具体技术要求,旨在增强对极端事故的应对能力。这些讨论揭示了在提升核电厂应急管理和防灾减灾能力方面的紧迫性和重要性。
KIM等[16]开发了一个定量的弹性评估模型,提出了增强核电厂应急管理能力的路径方法。这个模型基于对韩国核电厂事件报告的分析,综合考虑了人、组织和技术因素对核电厂应急管理能力的影响。此外,KIM等[17]还基于人工智能技术开发一个全自动化应急操作系统以提升核电厂应急管理能力。CHO等[18]提出了几种提升核电厂应急管理能力的路径方法:①技术手段的改进,包括引入先进的技术手段,如电子信息技术和智能化技术等;②组织机制的完善,进一步完善和优化应急管理组织结构;③强调培训和应急演练的重要性以及信息共享和协同机制建立的必要性,以加强与相关部门和单位的沟通合作;④保障应急资源的充足供应。这些路径方法综合考虑了技术、组织、人员和资源等方面,为提升核电厂应急管理能力提供了全面的方案和思路。CHENG Yihsiang等[19]利用Pctran软件间接提出了一种核应急能力提升的路径方法,来模拟事故场景和评估离站剂量,以帮助核电厂和应急管理机构更有效地准备和响应潜在的核事故。这种方法通过提供实时数据和模拟结果,支持应急决策和响应策略的制定,从而提升核应急管理能力。
统计核电厂应急管理关键词词频,排在前10的关键词见表1。可以看出,对应关键词在数据集中出现的频次、中介中心性以及发表年份,其中,中介中心性是分析关键词重要性的指标,通常认为中介中心>0.1的关键词是该领域中较为重要的关键词。nuclear power plant、accident、management、severe accident、model以及accident management等5个关键词的中介中心性均大于0.1。由表1可知:WoS数据库中核电厂应急管理领域文献的前10个关键词信息反映了该领域研究的焦点和演变。nuclear power plant以33次出现的频次和0.36的中心性位居榜首,表明核电厂是核应急管理研究的主要对象。accident和management分别以24和19次的频次排在第2和第3位,中心性分别为0.33和0.2,显示了管理策略和事故响应是核电厂应急管理领域的重点研究方向。management和accident首次在2000年出现,意味着当年对核电厂应急管理的重视开始增加。severe accident和model这2个关键词出现的频次分别为15和12,中心性分别为0.14和0.1,均首次出现在2000年,这与management和accident的出现情况类似,也反映出核电厂事故管理越来越多地被关注。关键词accident management,chernobyl,decision making反映了对核电厂事故、事故管理以及决策制定过程的多角度研究。而performance和emergency response则强调了核电厂应急管理中性能评估和应急响应能力的重要性。这些关键词及其属性表明核电厂应急管理领域的研究集中在事故管理、性能监控、决策制定的策略以及模拟技术的应用等方面。这些关键词的时间跨度反映出该领域研究的发展历程,也指明了未来可能的研究方向和焦点。
对WoS数据库中1990年10月1日—2024年3月15日文献数据进行时间线图分析,1990年10月1日—2024年3月15日该领域关键词在不同时间节点上的变化情况如图5所示。
图5中,节点表示特定的研究主题,节点的圆环表示这些主题随时间的引用频率。从图5中可以看出,1990年至今的研究焦点的演变。主题0nuclear power plant始终是研究中的核心点,其随时间变化的多彩光环显示了它在整个时间轴上的持续重要性。主题1 emergency operating procedures和5decision support system:这2个主题在2000—2010年的亮点反映了在此时期决策支持系统在核电厂应急管理中的增长和重要性。决策支持系统的发展,伴随着对应急操作程序的关注增加,凸显了在这段时期内应急响应能力的提高。主题2 decision support systems并未直接标示evacuation为一个独立主题,但可以观察到Fukushima一词附近的大节点,表明灾难发生后对疏散和决策支持系统重要性的重视明显提高。主题3 procedural task assistance显示出长期以来对反应堆的风险管理和人为可靠性分析的关注。表明研究社群持续在探索如何提高核设施的安全性能和操作任务过程的辅助系统。主题4 severe accident突出了应急操作规程在核电厂应急管理中的核心作用,强调了针对核电厂严重事故的应急响应和准备工作的重要性。主题6 containment flooding和8 crlb揭示了对核电厂严重事故和模拟紧急情况的认识及其应对措施的进展,表明核事故后污染控制和生物学影响评估的研究增长。主题7 nuclear accident揭示了在时间线上的位置和关键词密度强调了核事故对于应急管理研究的中心性和紧迫性。在较新的时间段内,主题9 gamma dose rate的频率增加,表明辐射剂量评估技术在核电厂应急管理中变得越来越重要,体现了对环境和人员安全的关注提升。
整体而言,该时间线图揭示了核电厂应急管理研究的多方面进展,以及对各种潜在风险应对策略的重视。通过节点大小和时间轴上的分布,观察到每个主题随时间的重要性变化及它们如何响应历史上的关键事件,如福岛核事故。根据时间线图,可将核电厂应急管理领域的发展划分为几个阶段,每个阶段都有关键主题的出现和突出表示。
早期阶段(1990—1999年):该阶段早期,核电厂应急管理研究处于起步阶段,图谱分析的表征是关键词数量较少、节点及连接的稀疏,反映了当时文献量的有限和研究的分散。20世纪90年代,国际社会开始日益关注环境和安全的影响,尤其是1992年联合国环境与发展会议的召开。受此影响,期间研究主要集中在事故管理和应急准备的基础概念上。这一时期IAEA发布了安全标准系列文件包括,Iaea safety standards series, ns-g-1.1和ns-g-1.3,iaea general safety requirements, gsr part 3[20-22]
稳步发展阶段(2000—2010年):该阶段研究主题变得更加多样化,文献数量增加。时间线图显示了研究主题从传统的事故管理扩展到更广泛的领域,如人因可靠性分析、核电厂事故模拟仿真和风险管理等。这一阶段的研究增长和多样化可能与IAEA在2004年发布的国际安全标准文件Iaea safety standards series, sf-1密切相关,该文件可能为这一时期的研究发展提供了重要推动[23]
快速发展阶段(2011—2020年):2011年福岛核事故后,关键词和节点数量显著增加,表明在该阶段核电厂应急管理研究出现显著增长,反映出应急响应和事故管理变得更加复杂,涵盖了事故后果管理和辐射等更多细分的研究主题。福岛事故后,IAEA和国际社会对核安全文化和应急管理体系的关注显著加强,进而影响了政策和实践的发展。此外,这一阶段的研究还可能受到包括IAEA在2015年发布的Iaea safety standards series. gsr part 7等在内的最新国际标准和条约的影响[24]
近阶段(2021年至今):这一时期的研究体现了核电厂应急管理研究的最新进展和发展趋势。时间线图揭示了研究较为侧重于决策支持系统、事故模拟以及源项和大气扩散模型等方面,反映了核事故后果预测和评估方法的改进的迫切需求以及对提高应急响应决策质量的持续追求。
1) 核电厂应急管理研究自2011年福岛核事故以来逐渐增多,尤其是在风险评估和决策支持领域表现出显著增长。
2) 高校和科研机构是核电厂应急管理研究的主要力量,其中,韩国原子能研究院、清华大学和福岛医科大学在该领域表现出显著的学术影响力。与此同时,一些新兴团队和研究方向正在形成,表明核电厂应急管理的研究力量正在向多元化、全球化和跨领域协作的方向发展。
3) 核电厂应急管理作为一个高度交叉学科,研究主要集中在事故管理、性能监控、决策支持以及模拟技术的应用等方面。这些主题之间的相互关联,充分体现了领域的复杂性。通过多学科协作整合工程、管理和计算科学的知识体系,核电厂应急管理得以提供更全面的解决方案,显著提升了应急响应效率和安全性。
4) 核电厂应急管理研究重点集中在核电厂应急管理理念的塑造、体制机制的变革、问题与成因的深入分析以及创新的模式和路径方法。这些问题是当前核电厂应急管理亟待解决的核心挑战,需要进一步深化研究,以不断提升核电厂的应急管理水平,确保核安全的持续稳定。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(42377076)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金资助(2023JJ50129)
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0495
  • 接收时间:2024-08-15
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
补充材料
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-15
  • 修回日期:2024-10-20
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(42377076)
湖南省自然科学基金资助(2023JJ50129)
作者信息
    1 南华大学 资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南 衡阳 421001
    2 南华大学附属第二医院,湖南 衡阳 421001
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0495
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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