Article(id=1148106699359117565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106698197295351, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)02-0095-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.2066, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726502400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-17, revisedDate=1732377600000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659567917, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659567917, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659567917, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659567917, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106698197295351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659567641, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401525528, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190215188894212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106698197295351, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190215188894213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106698197295351, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=95, endPage=103, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149767842649785170, articleId=1148106699359117565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=System dynamics analysis of online public opinion governance for chemical emergencies under evolutionary games, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to strengthen the governance of online public opinion of chemical emergencies and properly handle the online public opinion crisis caused by chemical emergencies,evolutionary game theory was introduced into the process of network public opinion governance,and a binary evolutionary game model was constructed for local government and network media. Combined with the SD model,a quantitative analysis model was constructed for local governments and online media. Simulation research was conducted based on relevant cases,and the strategic evolution process of each game subject was compared and analyzed. The results indicate that the popularity of online public opinion on chemical emergencies depends on the strategic choices of each party,and the evolutionary game model analysis shows a periodic and recurrent trend. After introducing a punishment mechanism,appropriately increasing the severity of punishment can bring the evolutionary game system into a benign state. Local governments can enhance the emergency warning mechanism for online public opinion,strengthen daily supervision and collaborative governance of online media,and formulate reasonable punishment measures to effectively prevent local governments from inaction and disorderly behavior in the process of responding to chemical emergencies and online public opinion. This can achieve supervision of online media and avoid the vicious evolution of online public opinion.

, correspAuthors=Kebing CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaoqing WANG, Kebing CHEN, Chengjiang QIAN, Jian SONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148106703297569249, articleId=1148106699359117565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=演化博弈下化工突发事件网络舆情治理系统动力学分析, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为加强化工突发事件网络舆情的治理,妥善处理因化工突发事件引发的网络舆情危机。将演化博弈理论引入网络舆情治理过程,构建地方政府和网络媒体的二元演化博弈模型,并结合系统动力学(SD)模型,构建地方政府和网络媒体的定量分析模型,根据相关案例开展模拟研究,对比分析各博弈主体的策略演化过程。结果表明:化工突发事件网络舆情热度取决于各主体的策略选择,演化博弈模型分析呈现出周期性反复趋势;引入惩罚机制后,适当提高惩罚力度可使得演化博弈系统进入良性状态;地方政府可通过提高网络舆情应急预警机制,加强对网络媒体的日常监管和协同治理工作,在应对化工突发事件网络舆情过程中合理制定惩罚措施可有效防止地方政府不作为、乱作为,实现对网络媒体的监管,避免网络舆情恶性演化。

, correspAuthors=陈克兵, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**陈克兵(1978—),男,湖北荆州人,博士,教授,主要从事供应链管理、演化博弈等方面的研究。E-mail:
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王晓庆 (1981—),男,江苏如东人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事数字经济与应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:

钱城江 高级工程师

宋健 工程师

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钱城江 高级工程师

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宋健 工程师

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宋健 工程师

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figureFileBig=2y/9k2Dng7vocxFNXKb0DA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681906940125817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699359117565, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Evolutionary game payoff matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
博弈
主体
地方政府
网络
媒体
监管或应对策略 积极监管X 消极监管1-X
积极应对Y (A+B-CG-H) (AG-H)
消极应对1-Y (B+D-C,-D) [α(-E-F),
α(I-J)]
), ArticleFig(id=1165681906998846073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699359117565, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

演化博弈收益矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
博弈
主体
地方政府
网络
媒体
监管或应对策略 积极监管X 消极监管1-X
积极应对Y (A+B-CG-H) (AG-H)
消极应对1-Y (B+D-C,-D) [α(-E-F),
α(I-J)]
), ArticleFig(id=1165681907070149243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699359117565, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Determinant and trace of local equilibrium points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(XY) 矩阵的行列式(det J1) 矩阵的迹(tr J1)
P1(0,0) (B+D-C+αE+αF)(G-H-αI+αJ) (B+D-C+αE+αF)+(G-H-αI+αJ)
P2(0,1) (B-C)[-(G-H-αI+αJ)] (B-C)+[-(G-H-αI+αJ)]
P3(1,0) (D+G-H)[-(B+D-C+αE+αF)] (D+G-H)-(B+D-C+αE+αF)
P4(1,1) [-(B-C)][-(D+G-H)] -(D+G-H)-(B-C)
P5(X*Y*) ( α J - α I + G - H ) ( H - D - G ) ( B + D - C + α E + α F ) ( B - C ) ( D + α E + α F ) ( α J - α I - D ) 0
), ArticleFig(id=1165681907141452413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699359117565, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

局部均衡点的行列式与迹

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(XY) 矩阵的行列式(det J1) 矩阵的迹(tr J1)
P1(0,0) (B+D-C+αE+αF)(G-H-αI+αJ) (B+D-C+αE+αF)+(G-H-αI+αJ)
P2(0,1) (B-C)[-(G-H-αI+αJ)] (B-C)+[-(G-H-αI+αJ)]
P3(1,0) (D+G-H)[-(B+D-C+αE+αF)] (D+G-H)-(B+D-C+αE+αF)
P4(1,1) [-(B-C)][-(D+G-H)] -(D+G-H)-(B-C)
P5(X*Y*) ( α J - α I + G - H ) ( H - D - G ) ( B + D - C + α E + α F ) ( B - C ) ( D + α E + α F ) ( α J - α I - D ) 0
), ArticleFig(id=1165681907208561279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699359117565, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of the local equilibrium point

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(XY) det J1 tr J1 分析结果
P1(0,0) + - ESS
P2(0,1) - 不确定 鞍点
P3(1,0) - + 鞍点
P4(1,1) + + 不稳定点
P5(X*Y*) 不确定 0 不稳定点
), ArticleFig(id=1165681907305030276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699359117565, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

局部均衡点分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(XY) det J1 tr J1 分析结果
P1(0,0) + - ESS
P2(0,1) - 不确定 鞍点
P3(1,0) - + 鞍点
P4(1,1) + + 不稳定点
P5(X*Y*) 不确定 0 不稳定点
), ArticleFig(id=1165681907363750536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699359117565, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Evolutionary game payoff matrix with the introduction of a penalty mechanism table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
博弈主体 地方政府
网络媒体 监管或应对策略 积极监管X 消极监管1-X
积极应对Y (A+B-C
G-H)
(A-KG-H)
消极应对1-Y (B+D-C
-D-K)
[α(-E-F)-K
α(I-J)-K]
), ArticleFig(id=1165681907418276490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699359117565, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

引入惩罚机制的演化博弈收益矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
博弈主体 地方政府
网络媒体 监管或应对策略 积极监管X 消极监管1-X
积极应对Y (A+B-C
G-H)
(A-KG-H)
消极应对1-Y (B+D-C
-D-K)
[α(-E-F)-K
α(I-J)-K]
), ArticleFig(id=1165681907472802444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699359117565, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Determinant and trace of introducing punishment mechanism for local equilibrium points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(XY) 矩阵的行列式(det J1) 矩阵的迹(tr J1)
P1(0,0) (B+D-C+αE+αF+K)(G-H-αI+ΑJ+K) (B+D-C+αE+αF+K)+
(G-H-αI+αJ+K)
P2(0,1) (B-C+K)[-(G-H-αI+αJ+K)] (B-C+K)+
[-(G-H-αI+αJ+K)]
P3(1,0) (D+G-H+K)[-(B+D-C+αE+αF+K)] (D+G-H+K)-
(B+D-C+αE+αF+K)
P4(1,1) [-(B-C+K)][-(D+G-H+K)] -(D+G-H+K)-
(B-C+K)
P5(X*Y*) ( α J - α I + G - H + K ) ( H - D - G + K ) ( B + D - C + α E + α F + K ) ( B - C + K ) ( D + α E + α F ) ( α J - α I - D ) 0
), ArticleFig(id=1165681907539911311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699359117565, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

引入惩戒机制局部均衡点的行列式与迹

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(XY) 矩阵的行列式(det J1) 矩阵的迹(tr J1)
P1(0,0) (B+D-C+αE+αF+K)(G-H-αI+ΑJ+K) (B+D-C+αE+αF+K)+
(G-H-αI+αJ+K)
P2(0,1) (B-C+K)[-(G-H-αI+αJ+K)] (B-C+K)+
[-(G-H-αI+αJ+K)]
P3(1,0) (D+G-H+K)[-(B+D-C+αE+αF+K)] (D+G-H+K)-
(B+D-C+αE+αF+K)
P4(1,1) [-(B-C+K)][-(D+G-H+K)] -(D+G-H+K)-
(B-C+K)
P5(X*Y*) ( α J - α I + G - H + K ) ( H - D - G + K ) ( B + D - C + α E + α F + K ) ( B - C + K ) ( D + α E + α F ) ( α J - α I - D ) 0
), ArticleFig(id=1165681907594437264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699359117565, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Analysis of local equilibriums for the introduction of penalty mechanisms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(XY) det J1 tr J1 分析结果
P1(0,0) + + 不稳定点
P2(0,1) - 不确定 鞍点
P3(1,0) - 不确定 鞍点
P4(1,1) + - ESS
P5(X*Y*) 不确定 0 不稳定点
), ArticleFig(id=1165681907648963217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699359117565, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

引入惩罚机制的局部均衡点分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(XY) det J1 tr J1 分析结果
P1(0,0) + + 不稳定点
P2(0,1) - 不确定 鞍点
P3(1,0) - 不确定 鞍点
P4(1,1) + - ESS
P5(X*Y*) 不确定 0 不稳定点
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演化博弈下化工突发事件网络舆情治理系统动力学分析
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王晓庆 1, 2, 3 , 陈克兵 1, ** , 钱城江 3, 4 , 宋健 5
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025,35(2): 95-103
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025, 35(2): 95-103
演化博弈下化工突发事件网络舆情治理系统动力学分析
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王晓庆1, 2, 3 , 陈克兵1, ** , 钱城江3, 4, 宋健5
作者信息
  • 1 南京航空航天大学 经济与管理学院,江苏 南京 211106
  • 2 南京财经大学 公共管理学院,江苏 南京 210023
  • 3 南京财经大学红山学院 工商管理系,江苏 南京 211300
  • 4 南京南工应急科技有限公司,江苏 南京 210032
  • 5 宿迁市宿城区住房和城乡建设局,江苏 宿迁 223800
  • 王晓庆 (1981—),男,江苏如东人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事数字经济与应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:

    钱城江 高级工程师

    宋健 工程师

通讯作者:

**陈克兵(1978—),男,湖北荆州人,博士,教授,主要从事供应链管理、演化博弈等方面的研究。E-mail:
System dynamics analysis of online public opinion governance for chemical emergencies under evolutionary games
Xiaoqing WANG1, 2, 3 , Kebing CHEN1, ** , Chengjiang QIAN3, 4, Jian SONG5
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Economics and Management,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing Jiangsu 211106,China
  • 2 College of Public Administration,Nanjing University of Finance & Economics,Nanjing Jiangsu 210023,China
  • 3 Department of Business Administration,Nanjing University of Finance & Economics Hongshan College,Nanjing Jiangsu 211300,China
  • 4 Nanjing NJTech Emergency Technology Co.,Ltd.,,Nanjing Jiangsu 210032,China
  • 5 Suqian Sucheng District Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau,Suqian Jiangsu 223800,China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.2066
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为加强化工突发事件网络舆情的治理,妥善处理因化工突发事件引发的网络舆情危机。将演化博弈理论引入网络舆情治理过程,构建地方政府和网络媒体的二元演化博弈模型,并结合系统动力学(SD)模型,构建地方政府和网络媒体的定量分析模型,根据相关案例开展模拟研究,对比分析各博弈主体的策略演化过程。结果表明:化工突发事件网络舆情热度取决于各主体的策略选择,演化博弈模型分析呈现出周期性反复趋势;引入惩罚机制后,适当提高惩罚力度可使得演化博弈系统进入良性状态;地方政府可通过提高网络舆情应急预警机制,加强对网络媒体的日常监管和协同治理工作,在应对化工突发事件网络舆情过程中合理制定惩罚措施可有效防止地方政府不作为、乱作为,实现对网络媒体的监管,避免网络舆情恶性演化。

演化博弈  /  化工突发事件  /  网络舆情治理  /  系统动力学(SD)  /  地方政府  /  网络媒体

In order to strengthen the governance of online public opinion of chemical emergencies and properly handle the online public opinion crisis caused by chemical emergencies,evolutionary game theory was introduced into the process of network public opinion governance,and a binary evolutionary game model was constructed for local government and network media. Combined with the SD model,a quantitative analysis model was constructed for local governments and online media. Simulation research was conducted based on relevant cases,and the strategic evolution process of each game subject was compared and analyzed. The results indicate that the popularity of online public opinion on chemical emergencies depends on the strategic choices of each party,and the evolutionary game model analysis shows a periodic and recurrent trend. After introducing a punishment mechanism,appropriately increasing the severity of punishment can bring the evolutionary game system into a benign state. Local governments can enhance the emergency warning mechanism for online public opinion,strengthen daily supervision and collaborative governance of online media,and formulate reasonable punishment measures to effectively prevent local governments from inaction and disorderly behavior in the process of responding to chemical emergencies and online public opinion. This can achieve supervision of online media and avoid the vicious evolution of online public opinion.

evolutionary game  /  chemical emergencies  /  network public opinion governance  /  system dynamics (SD)  /  local government  /  online media
王晓庆, 陈克兵, 钱城江, 宋健. 演化博弈下化工突发事件网络舆情治理系统动力学分析. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (2) : 95 -103 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.2066
Xiaoqing WANG, Kebing CHEN, Chengjiang QIAN, Jian SONG. System dynamics analysis of online public opinion governance for chemical emergencies under evolutionary games[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (2) : 95 -103 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.2066
化工突发事件频发,不仅严重损害人民群众的生命财产安全,还会对社会秩序稳定造成严重影响[1]。当今时代互联网发展迅速,各种网络媒体如政务微博等对于化工突发事件的传播更是迅猛,加之事件信息不对称、公众主观臆测、政府回应不力等因素,极易导致网络舆情危机,对公众生活、社会发展与稳定带来负面影响[2-3]。由于网络空间传播的便捷性、范围的扩展性及传播主体的交互性等特征,亟待研究化工突发事件网络舆情发展及影响规律。
回顾现有研究可知:一方面学者们研究了突发事件及其引发的网络舆情的产生源头、发展阶段、形成主体及治理路径等方面,认为网络媒体在未来必将成为一种最有效的危机信息沟通工具,要加强与网络领袖的沟通接触[4];网络社交媒介具有两面性,网络舆情负面传播的主要意图是捏造信息、转移注意力以及引发社会恐慌[5-6],应构建多元化的化工突发事件网络舆情协同治理体系[7]。另一方面,学者们通过定量计算模拟方式,尝试将复杂的突发事件及其引发的网络舆情通过数学模型进行动态模拟,并提出解决思路。陈淼等[8]通过构建面向概率语言偏好的多重网络舆情事件风险研判模型,得到舆情事件的总和风险效用指数。李德龙等[9]构建了疲劳指数的易感风险模型和员工收益和需求预测模型,提出了突发事件应急能力不足的应对策略。HOU Yanhui等[10]将遗忘机制引入到经典的易感感染恢复(Susceptibility-Infection-Recovery,SIR)传染病模型中,构建了平均场方程刻画复杂社交网络的动态舆情信息传播演化机制,分析了舆情信息传播在不同网络中的传播阈值。ZHAO Jinghua等[11]在SIR模型基础上构建了突发公共卫生事件网络舆情模型。AUSTIN等[12]通过建立社会媒介危机沟通模型,发现公众在危机沟通中的影响力以及在危机应对中使用传统媒体和社交媒体的必要性。ISHAM等[13]将传染病模型和随机网络结合建立网络舆情随机传播模型,经对比研究发现随机传播模型相比全随机模型具有更好的精确度。王晟旻等[14]通过社会燃烧理论构建了未燃—阴燃—燃烧—抑燃—稳定网络情绪传播模型,探究了突发公共卫生事件网络情绪机制的传播。吕伟等[15]采用贝叶斯网络构建了舆情危机预测模型,有效评估了舆情危机等级。陈鑫等[16]则结合主动安全理论,构建了易感人群—潜伏人群—感染人群—离去人群传染病模型,预测了网络舆情演化趋势。以上针对化工突发事件网络舆情的研究主要注重定性分析和定量趋势研究,对舆情治理主体的研究关注较少。
因此,笔者拟通过演化博弈分析与系统动力学(System Dynamics,SD)模型,探究化工突发事件网络舆情治理,并基于典型案例,详细分析模型中各主体的策略选择及演化过程,以期为应对化工突发事件网络舆情管理提供借鉴和参考。
互联网快速发展的时代背景下,网络媒体迎来了新一轮的迅猛增长,一旦发生化工突发事件,极易在网络媒体上形成热度极高的网络舆情[17-18]。在错综复杂的网络环境中,地方政府部门始终是网络舆情预警、应对及治理的主体,对于网络媒体的积极发展,改善网络运营环境发挥着至关重要的作用[19]。同时,“人人都是自媒体”时代的到来,为网络媒体的发展带来了量变产生质变的影响,但由于网络空间的虚拟性给网络媒体的监管带来困难,往往容易诱发舆情传播失控。因此,在化工突发事件网络舆情演化博弈模型中纳入网络媒体,在化工突发事件发生后,如果网络媒体应对不当则很有可能导致大范围的网络舆情危机。同时,地方政府部门作为网络舆情治理主体,对于网络媒体的监管、网络舆情的应对和疏导具有天然的义务。所以,在化工突发事件发生后产生的网络舆情是否会进一步发展成为网络舆情危机,很大程度上取决于地方政府和网络媒体的策略选择。基于以上的博弈关系背景描述,笔者提出以下假设:
1) 根据演化博弈理论,地方政府和网络媒体都会根据自身利益最大化原则展开策略选择并展开两两博弈,而上级政府通常行使惩罚机制进行强制外部干预。
2) 假定网络媒体在博弈过程中有2种策略选择(积极应对,消极应对)。但大部分网络媒体积极配合,少量消极配合。
3) 各地方政府对网络媒体的监管方式存在2种策略选择(积极监管,消极监管)。
4) 网络媒体和政府会相互影响选择。
根据上述假设,结合演化博弈理论[20-21],可以做出更为细致的博弈关系假定。地方政府部门采取的积极监管策略的比例为X(0≤X≤1),采取的消极监管策略的比例为1-X;网络媒体采取的积极应对策略的比例为Y(0≤Y≤1),采取的消极应对策略的比例为1-Y
化工突发事件网络舆情治理演化博弈具体收益关系建立如下:在化工突发事件发生且引发网络舆情后,当地方政府和网络媒体均积极应对,地方政府获得潜在收益为A,公信力提升等额外收益为B,地方政府的监管成本为C,现实中C要远大于B,对网络媒体采取消极策略给予罚款为D。如果地方政府和网络媒体均采取消极策略,地方政府承受对社会经济带来的损失为E,公信力损失为F。网络媒体积极应对时会带来收益为G,付出相应的成本为H;而当地方政府消极监管时,网络媒体迎合舆情的广告及流量收益为I,承受网络媒体形象、名誉等潜在损失为J。根据具体收益关系建立化工突发事件网络舆情治理演化博弈,如图1所示。
定性分析上述演化博弈模型,通过利益最大化原则,得到化工突发事件网络舆情治理演化博弈模型2个博弈主体的收益矩阵,见表1
根据化工突发事件网络舆情治理演化博弈的收益矩阵得到,地方政府和网络媒体选择积极监管的复制动态方程分别为:

d X d t = X U X - U X ¯ = X 1 - X U X - U 1 - X =

X ( 1 - X ) [ Y ( - D - α E - α F ) +

( B + D - C + α E + α F ) ]

d Y d t = Y U Y - U Y ¯ = Y ( 1 - Y ) ( U Y - U 1 - Y ) =

Y ( 1 - Y ) [ G - H - X ( α J - α I - D ) + α J - α I ]
式中:UX为政府部门积极监管时的复制动态方程;U1-X为政府部门消极监管时的复制动态方程;UY为网络媒体积极应对时的复制动态方程;U1-Y为网络媒体消极应对时的复制动态方程; U X ¯为政府部门平均收益的复制动态方程; U Y ¯为网络媒体平均收益的复制动态方程。
令式(1)和式(2)为0,可得化工突发事件网络舆情治理演化博弈模型的局部均衡点,即该演化博弈模型的均衡解,即P1(0,0),P2(1,0),P3(0,1),P4(1,1),P5(X*Y*),其中P1P2P3P4为纯策略均衡解,P5为混合策略均衡解。 X * = α J - α I + G - H α J - α I - D   Y * = B + D - C + α E + α F D + α E + α F。根据FRIEDMAN[22]提出的均衡点判定方法,得到其雅克比矩阵。
计算雅克比矩阵在P1P2,…,P5这5个均衡点的行列式与迹的值,见表2
判断1:当 α < H - G J - I α < C - B - D F + E时,P1是模型的唯一的稳定点,即地方政府和网络媒体的稳定策略(Evolutionarily Stable Strategy,ESS)。为验证判断1,在满足上述条件时,对其他局部均衡点开展稳定性分析,详细计算结果见表3
表3可知:判断1条件下,演化博弈模型存在唯一的演化稳定点P1,其余均为鞍点和不稳定点。因此,此时无论模型初始值处于何种状态,最终的两方博弈都会演化在P1处稳定,最终会出现地方政府消极监管,网络媒体消极应对的情况。
地方政府和网络媒体的策略选择都与网络舆情热度有直接关系;如果网络舆情热度较低,那么最终地方政府和网络媒体都会选择消极应对。
为加强事前预防,强化网络舆情处置关口前移,避免化工突发事件带来的网络舆情短期快速增长,将惩罚机制引入化工突发事件网络舆情治理演化博弈模型中,设为K。引入的惩罚机制主要指上级政府对地方政府和网络媒体采取消极策略而采取的1种监管警示措施,此时的演化博弈收益矩阵更新见表4
经计算得到的雅克比矩阵在5个均衡点的行列式与迹的值,见表5
判断2:当K<H-D-GK<C-B时,P4是化工突发事件网络舆情治理演化博弈模型的唯一的稳定点,即地方政府和网络媒体的ESS。为验证判断2,对其余局部均衡点开展稳定性分析,计算结果见表6
表6可知:引入惩罚机制后,判断2下存在唯一演化稳定点P4,其余均为鞍点和不稳定点。因此,如果惩罚力度均高于2个主体采取积极策略时的收益,就会推动采取积极策略,最终模型也趋于良性互动博弈状态。
以天津港爆炸事故为例,根据网络舆情的发展阶段设置不同情景并展开分析,观察地方政府和网络媒体的行为策略演化过程。
利用SD常用软件Vensim构建化工突发事件网络舆情治理演化博弈的SD模型,如图2所示。该模型由2个子模型组成:地方政府子模型中含有1个状态变量、1个速率变量、3个辅助变量以及6个常量;网络媒体子模型中含有1个状态变量、1个速率变量、3个辅助变量以及5个常量。
在模拟之初,设置模拟周期为300,step=0.125,以2个博弈主体的策略选择概率作为主要的观察指标。
1) 初始状态分析。在判断1的条件设定下,将化工突发事件网络舆情热度α初始值设定为0.3,满足 α < H - G J - I α < C - B - D F + E时,模型参数初始值设定如下:A=6,B=10,C=14,D=4,E=6,F=5,G=7,H=13,I=5,J=8。将地方政府、网络媒体的策略选择概率初始值分别设定为case1(X=0.3,Y=0.3),case2(X=0.5,Y=0.5),case3(X=0.7,Y=0.7)。
地方政府积极监管和网络媒体积极应对策略下的演化路径如图3所示,在初始状态网络舆情热度较低时,无论地方政府和网络媒体的初始策略概率处于何种水平,最终都会在(0,0)处达到演化博弈均衡。说明网络舆情热度对地方政府和网络媒体的策略起到直接关联作用,并且影响较大。
在天津港特大爆炸事故中,处于网络舆情中心的地方政府与网络媒体处于不断的博弈过程,由于地方政府反应迟滞失效、采取措施消极;同样的事发企业也未通过媒体或者官方渠道披露信息,对于网络媒体而言,此时选择传播谣言信息、虚假事故内容可获得巨大“收益”,而网络舆情发酵、演化,也给地方政府带来负面影响。一旦网络舆情热度失控,对地方政府带来的潜在损失也会更大。上述模拟结果印证了在舆情热度较低时,如若地方政府不重视舆情治理、采取消极监管网络舆情策略;网络媒体未有效甄别舆情信息,在鱼目混杂的信息中被裹挟传播、消极应对。通过对事故舆情分析可知:舆情发生初期,由于政府的消极监管、迟滞失效,两方博弈主体的策略选择最后都会在(0,0)处收敛,进而导致网络舆情失控。因此,选取主要收益变量展开调参分析。
2) 调参分析。将化工突发事件网络舆情热度α初始值设定为0.3,提高EF的数值:E=37,F=28,其余参数设置均与初始状态下一致。设定地方政府、网络媒体策略选择概率初始值分别为case4(X=0.3,Y=0.3),case5(X=0.5,Y=0.5),case6(X=0.7,Y=0.7),观察整个SD模型的演化过程,如图4所示。
图4可知:提高经济和公信力等损失收益后,地方政府和网络媒体的策略选择演化过程都呈现相类似的周期性波动趋势。说明提高损失收益会促使政府积极应对,但持续成本付出,也会使监管出现周期性变化。
在天津港爆炸中,地方政府疏忽应对,网络媒体传播网络舆情造成经济损失和政府公信力下降。因此需要引入惩罚机制。
在3.1节建立的模型基础上引入惩罚机制,利用Vensim软件构建引入惩罚机制的化工突发事件网络舆情治理演化博弈的SD模型,如图5所示。
将网络舆情热度α初始值设定为0.6,分级设定K的取值:case7(K=1),case8(K=3),case9(K=5),case(K=7),其余参数不变。观察整个SD模型的演化过程,如图6所示。
图6可知:随着K值不断增大,地方政府与网络媒体的策略最后都会在(1,1)处达到均衡。因此,当满足判定2条件,即K>4时,地方政府、网络媒体会积极应对。因此,引入上级政府的惩罚机制能够促进博弈系统演化至良性状态,最终达到治理目的。
在天津港爆炸中,由国务院牵头的中央调查组在网络舆情持续演化阶段介入,严肃查处传播虚假事故消息的网络媒体,并公开回应公众关切和质疑,对天津市政府相关责任人进行约谈、问责。上级政府强有力的介入,网络舆情开始逐渐热度散去直至消散。
1) 化工突发事件网络舆情热度低于某一临界值时,地方政府和网络媒体就会疏于管理,在网络媒体的不良发酵下,网络舆情热度会出现失控。地方政府应着重建立网络舆情应急预警机制,加强对网络媒体的监管和协同治理工作。
2) 化工突发事件网络舆情热度取决于各主体的策略选择,演化博弈模型分析呈现出周期性反复趋势。网络舆情治理过程中的周期性波动幅度与地方政府和网络媒体策略选择的初始状态有直接关系。由于地方政府应急处置流程、政府公信效力等影响,极易出现周期性波动的监管策略,导致网络媒体随之波动,使得网络舆情进一步演化甚至恶化。
3) 地方政府可通过提高网络舆情应急预警机制,加强对网络媒体的日常监管和协同治理工作,在应对化工突发事件网络舆情过程中引入惩罚机制可有效促使地方政府和网络媒体的趋向选择积极策略,避免网络舆情恶性演化。
  • 江苏省宿迁市2022年指导性科技计划项目(Z2022067)
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2025年第35卷第2期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.2066
  • 接收时间:2024-09-17
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-17
  • 修回日期:2024-11-24
基金
江苏省宿迁市2022年指导性科技计划项目(Z2022067)
作者信息
    1 南京航空航天大学 经济与管理学院,江苏 南京 211106
    2 南京财经大学 公共管理学院,江苏 南京 210023
    3 南京财经大学红山学院 工商管理系,江苏 南京 211300
    4 南京南工应急科技有限公司,江苏 南京 210032
    5 宿迁市宿城区住房和城乡建设局,江苏 宿迁 223800

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**陈克兵(1978—),男,湖北荆州人,博士,教授,主要从事供应链管理、演化博弈等方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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