Article(id=1148106699220705532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)01-0163-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0526, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723564800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-14, revisedDate=1729180800000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659567885, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659567885, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659567885, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659567885, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106697601704181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659567499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401533944, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=163, endPage=170, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149757471440417577, articleId=1148106699220705532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Influence of classroom structure layout on evacuation efficiency of young primary school students, columnId=1149733270084042840, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Public safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In order to improve the evacuation efficiency of the teaching building, the classroom structure was optimized through control experiments and numerical simulations to enhance evacuation efficiency. Emergency evacuation tests were used to obtain the movement characteristics of students aged 6-7 years old. And Pathfinder simulation software was used to study the impact of desk layout, classroom door position, and exit position on evacuation. The results indicate that for a single classroom, although shortening the pre-action time can reduce the overall evacuation time, it cannot improve the congestion caused by the building structure. Appropriate evacuation routes and desk layouts can significantly reduce evacuation time. For buildings with classrooms on one side of the corridor, increasing the width of the corridor and exit is the most effective way to improve evacuation efficiency. For buildings with classrooms on both sides of the corridor, the structure of the evacuation corridor inside the building, including the number of corridors and the intersections inside the corridors, is the most important factor affecting evacuation time. Therefore, it is recommended to develop optimization plans for classroom evacuation structure from different aspects.
, correspAuthors=Xuxu SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jun WANG, Yanghui HU, Xianfeng CHEN, Xuxu SUN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148106708213293942, articleId=1148106699220705532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=教室结构布局对低龄小学生疏散效率的影响, columnId=1149733271510106222, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=公共安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
为提高低龄小学生在教学楼的疏散效率,采用紧急疏散试验获取6~7岁学生的运动特征,并使用Pathfinder模拟软件研究课桌布局、教室门位置和出口位置对疏散的影响,通过控制试验和数值模拟优化教室结构。结果表明: 对于单个教室,虽然缩短预先行动时间可减少总体疏散时间,但无法改善由建筑结构造成的拥堵。适当的疏散路径和课桌布局可显著减少疏散时间,对于走廊一侧有教室的建筑,提高走廊宽度和出口宽度是提高疏散效率最有效的方法;对于走廊两侧有教室的建筑,建筑内疏散走廊的结构,包括走廊数量和走廊内的交叉口,是影响疏散时间的最重要因素,因此,建议从不同方面制定优化教室疏散结构的方案。
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王 珺 (1982—),女,湖北黄冈人,硕士,讲师,主要从事安全应急管理及国防科研管理方面的研究。E-mail: 9805@whut.edu.cn。
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王 珺 (1982—),女,湖北黄冈人,硕士,讲师,主要从事安全应急管理及国防科研管理方面的研究。E-mail: 9805@whut.edu.cn。
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2 Department of Public Security Management, Liaoning Police College, Dalian Liaoning 116036, China
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469:157-172., articleTitle=Modeling, simulation and analysis of the evacuation process on stairs in a multi-floor classroom building of a primary school, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1165721966964125968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, awardId=WK2320000050, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(WK2320000050), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1165721963579322560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721963587711169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, companyId=1165721963579322560, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1 武汉理工大学 安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北 武汉 430070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1165721963646431428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721963654820037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, companyId=1165721963646431428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2 辽宁警察学院 治安管理系, 辽宁 大连 116036)]), AuthorCompany(id=1165721963730317512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721963738706121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, companyId=1165721963730317512, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721963742900426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, companyId=1165721963730317512, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 中国科学技术大学 火灾科学国家重点实验室,安徽 合肥 230026)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1165721965366096116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Experiment settings and results, figureFileSmall=bsOQOCE2DFS/ZgRvzKEwBQ==, figureFileBig=rP1M1SH5l7M56UimdjTLfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721965424816373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
试验设置和结果, figureFileSmall=bsOQOCE2DFS/ZgRvzKEwBQ==, figureFileBig=rP1M1SH5l7M56UimdjTLfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721965475148022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Basic layout of a single classroom, figureFileSmall=idV83B0cdRsFx8OHDypD1Q==, figureFileBig=qn97GfJbg9Mvzav5ZkQoDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721965533868279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
单间教室的基本布局, figureFileSmall=idV83B0cdRsFx8OHDypD1Q==, figureFileBig=qn97GfJbg9Mvzav5ZkQoDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721965584199928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Maximum density profiles in different desk layouts, figureFileSmall=tLu8CTej1pPC79lGGX7Ehw==, figureFileBig=Xs0o9GlNY/p4CK0CWlgRPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721965634531577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
不同课桌布局下的最大密度剖面, figureFileSmall=tLu8CTej1pPC79lGGX7Ehw==, figureFileBig=Xs0o9GlNY/p4CK0CWlgRPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721965680668922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Evacuation time in the different layouts of a single classroom, figureFileSmall=vah9OsvE/3G7uYLPV5Ljzw==, figureFileBig=jJ5o3Z4ab/nhonrP2CgXcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721965726806267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
单间教室不同布局下的疏散时间, figureFileSmall=vah9OsvE/3G7uYLPV5Ljzw==, figureFileBig=jJ5o3Z4ab/nhonrP2CgXcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721965768749308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Evacuation time and congestion time of single classroom under different pre action times and their relationship, figureFileSmall=0bQKOMcGAuomWX6WahgtpQ==, figureFileBig=geSSimKG5VadSLatU9piBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721965848441085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
不同预动作时间下单间教室的疏散时间和拥堵时间及其关系, figureFileSmall=0bQKOMcGAuomWX6WahgtpQ==, figureFileBig=geSSimKG5VadSLatU9piBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721965907161342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Corridor length and length of walk path, figureFileSmall=35TsuSV1MR21DwcSJv+hDA==, figureFileBig=P/ShSjHuNoFeHrFvNyAXbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721965965881599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
走廊长度和人行道长度, figureFileSmall=35TsuSV1MR21DwcSJv+hDA==, figureFileBig=P/ShSjHuNoFeHrFvNyAXbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721966024601856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Flow rate of different door locations and exit locations, figureFileSmall=fY+Qy9av++gANV91SzKs3Q==, figureFileBig=mx7gMd/ISmnZhW9zCCK+pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721966074933505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
不同门位置和出口位置下的流量, figureFileSmall=fY+Qy9av++gANV91SzKs3Q==, figureFileBig=mx7gMd/ISmnZhW9zCCK+pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721966133653762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Flow rate of different layouts, figureFileSmall=hHh4hwSBgFGUkZCBms2QPg==, figureFileBig=m15NIj8esoH29wD+AV6lBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721966196568323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
不同布局下的流量, figureFileSmall=hHh4hwSBgFGUkZCBms2QPg==, figureFileBig=m15NIj8esoH29wD+AV6lBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721966246899972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Evacuation time of different exit locations of two rows of classrooms building, figureFileSmall=qj/G2Pvew3wjl3JsvgUgPQ==, figureFileBig=FMruqUkd8MN30xhL+d+jNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721966301425925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
2排教室教学楼不同出口位置下的疏散时间, figureFileSmall=qj/G2Pvew3wjl3JsvgUgPQ==, figureFileBig=FMruqUkd8MN30xhL+d+jNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721966351757574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Flow rate of different doors locations of two rows of classrooms building, figureFileSmall=VbNshFA+FLlJ/Q4IZ+2orw==, figureFileBig=V1yYIjtPwKEH89xS3bLNIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721966397894919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
2排教室教学楼的不同门位置下的流量, figureFileSmall=VbNshFA+FLlJ/Q4IZ+2orw==, figureFileBig=V1yYIjtPwKEH89xS3bLNIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721966469198088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Flow rate of different layouts, figureFileSmall=QayGQaqC8hQO+JVnYpCUXQ==, figureFileBig=nFw3Zbt4hzMgDw4qBvGXUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721966527918345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
不同布局下的流量, figureFileSmall=QayGQaqC8hQO+JVnYpCUXQ==, figureFileBig=nFw3Zbt4hzMgDw4qBvGXUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721966582444298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Simulation parameters
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 值 |
| 移动速度/(m·s-1) | max=3.83;min=1.79 |
| 加速时间/s | 1.5 |
| 减速因子 | 0.7 |
| 持续时间/s | 0.5 |
| 碰撞响应时间/s | 1.0 |
| 慢速系数 | 0.05 |
| 壁面边界层/m | 0 |
| 舒适距离/m | 0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1165721966641164555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
模拟参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 值 |
| 移动速度/(m·s-1) | max=3.83;min=1.79 |
| 加速时间/s | 1.5 |
| 减速因子 | 0.7 |
| 持续时间/s | 0.5 |
| 碰撞响应时间/s | 1.0 |
| 慢速系数 | 0.05 |
| 壁面边界层/m | 0 |
| 舒适距离/m | 0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1165721966695690508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Layout index and description
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 布局序号 | 描述 |
| 布局1 | 基本布局如图3a所示 |
| 布局2 | 从左到右面向黑板的第四列课桌与第三列合并,使靠近门的走道宽度增加到0.75m,如图3b所示 |
| 布局3 | 第三列课桌并入第二列,使靠近门口的走道宽度增加到1.20m,如图3c所示 |
| 布局4 | 第四列和第三列课桌合并到第二列,使靠近门口的走道宽度增加到1.35m,如图3d所示 |
| 布局5 | 第三列和第二列课桌合并到第一列,使靠近门口的走道宽度增加到1.80m,如图3e所示 |
| 布局6 | 第四列、第三列和第二列课桌合并到第一列,使靠近门口的走道宽度增加到1.95m,如图3f所示 |
), ArticleFig(id=1165721966750216461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
布局序号与描述
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 布局序号 | 描述 |
| 布局1 | 基本布局如图3a所示 |
| 布局2 | 从左到右面向黑板的第四列课桌与第三列合并,使靠近门的走道宽度增加到0.75m,如图3b所示 |
| 布局3 | 第三列课桌并入第二列,使靠近门口的走道宽度增加到1.20m,如图3c所示 |
| 布局4 | 第四列和第三列课桌合并到第二列,使靠近门口的走道宽度增加到1.35m,如图3d所示 |
| 布局5 | 第三列和第二列课桌合并到第一列,使靠近门口的走道宽度增加到1.80m,如图3e所示 |
| 布局6 | 第四列、第三列和第二列课桌合并到第一列,使靠近门口的走道宽度增加到1.95m,如图3f所示 |
), ArticleFig(id=1165721966800548110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Exit locations of the building with classrooms on one side of the corridor
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 描述 |
| E1 | 出口位于走廊的左端,出口中点的离散值为0 |
| E2 | 出口位于走廊右端,出口中点的离散值为45 |
| E3 | 出口位于第一间教室对面,出口中点的离散值为4.5 |
| E4 | 出口位于第二间教室对面,出口中点的离散值为13.5 |
| E5 | 出口位于第三间教室对面,出口中点的离散值为22.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1165721966859268367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106699220705532, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
走廊一侧为教室的教学楼出口位置
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 描述 |
| E1 | 出口位于走廊的左端,出口中点的离散值为0 |
| E2 | 出口位于走廊右端,出口中点的离散值为45 |
| E3 | 出口位于第一间教室对面,出口中点的离散值为4.5 |
| E4 | 出口位于第二间教室对面,出口中点的离散值为13.5 |
| E5 | 出口位于第三间教室对面,出口中点的离散值为22.5 |
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