Article(id=1148106698964857174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)01-0007-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.1045, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723824000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-17, revisedDate=1729180800000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659567823, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659567823, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659567823, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659567823, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106697601704181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659567499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401533944, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190250475573884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106697601704181, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7, endPage=15, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149757686922785535, articleId=1148106698964857174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Comparative study of inherent safety, behavior-based safety, process safety and functional safety based on safety management paradigm shift, columnId=1149733271128420907, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety social science and safety management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To clarify the essential characteristics and differences between inherent safety, behavior-based safety, process safety, and functional safety and to promote a virtuous cycle of high-quality development and high-level safety, this study employed literature review and comparative analysis methods to explore their basic connotations and evolution processes, interrelationships, realistic challenges, and development paths based on the safety management paradigm shift. The results indicate that inherent safety is an idealized form of safety. Behavior-based safety is an interdisciplinary field that involves the theories and methods of safety science and behavioral science. Process safety protects humans, machines, and the environment through systematic approaches from a full life cycle perspective. Functional safety aims at preventing unacceptable risks caused by functional failures of systems. The four types of safety, led by inherent safety, involve a gradual progression from concepts to practice. These types of safety share a unified internal structure encompassing the elements of humans, machines, environment and management. The current representative standards cover various industry sectors and focus on accident prevention. In the future, the synergistic effect of the four in safety governance should be fully utilized. By using artificial intelligence technology to empower the new engine of safety production, the four should be continuously improved in specific practices tailored to local conditions.

, correspAuthors=Surui XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ruipeng TONG, Lulu WANG, Surui XU, Zhihao WANG, Fangfei LIAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148106701754069383, articleId=1148106698964857174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=本质安全、行为安全、过程安全与功能安全的比较研究: 基于安全管理范式转换, columnId=1149733271296193071, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全社会科学与安全管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为阐明本质安全、行为安全、过程安全与功能安全的本质特征与区别联系,促进高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动,运用文献综述法与比较分析法,基于安全管理范式转换视角探析四者的基本内涵与演进历程、相互关系、现实挑战与发展路径。结果表明: 本质安全象征着安全的理想化存在形式,行为安全是涉及安全科学与行为科学等学科理论与方法的一门交叉性学问,过程安全在全生命周期内运用系统性方法保护人类、机械设备与环境,功能安全旨在避免由系统功能性故障导致的不可接受的风险;四者以本质安全为引领,涉及从理念到实践的有序发展。内在构成统一,均涵盖人、机、环、管要素。现行的代表性规范所涉及的行业领域广泛且核心在于事故预防;未来应充分发挥四者的安全治理合力,运用人工智能技术赋能安全生产新引擎,推动四者在因地制宜的具体实践中持续完善。

, correspAuthors=许素睿, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**许素睿(1978—),女,河南西平人,博士研究生,副教授,主要研究方向为行为安全、安全管理、工伤保险等。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=363pRhg2Mc3k+dkoXjq1MA==, magXml=WDiAZMrqxLMJNAY7RG625Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=CYuDajWZE96z6BQj+RMkZA==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=8vEzbehZ6i2U/+I6AFBCLA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

佟瑞鹏 (1977—),男,黑龙江穆棱人,博士,教授,主要从事行为安全管理、职业心理健康、环境风险评估等方面的研究。E-mail:

许素睿 副教授

, authorsList=佟瑞鹏, 王露露, 许素睿, 王智浩, 连芳菲)}, authors=[Author(id=1165721841424413079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=tongrp@cumtb.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1165721841487327641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, authorId=1165721841424413079, language=EN, stringName=Ruipeng TONG, firstName=Ruipeng, middleName=null, lastName=TONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1165721841529270682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, authorId=1165721841424413079, language=CN, stringName=佟瑞鹏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083, bio={"content":"

佟瑞鹏 (1977—),男,黑龙江穆棱人,博士,教授,主要从事行为安全管理、职业心理健康、环境风险评估等方面的研究。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

佟瑞鹏 (1977—),男,黑龙江穆棱人,博士,教授,主要从事行为安全管理、职业心理健康、环境风险评估等方面的研究。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1165721841231475088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841239863697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841231475088, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841244058002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841231475088, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083)])]), Author(id=1165721841579602332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1165721841638322590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, authorId=1165721841579602332, language=EN, stringName=Lulu WANG, firstName=Lulu, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1165721841697042847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, authorId=1165721841579602332, language=CN, stringName=王露露, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1165721841231475088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841239863697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841231475088, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841244058002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841231475088, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083)])]), Author(id=1165721841755763105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=Kerryxsr@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1165721841810289060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, authorId=1165721841755763105, language=EN, stringName=Surui XU, firstName=Surui, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, **, address=1 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2 School of Safety Engineering, China University of Labor Relations, Beijing 100048, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1165721841860620709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, authorId=1165721841755763105, language=CN, stringName=许素睿, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, **, address=1 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083
2 中国劳动关系学院 安全工程学院,北京 100048, bio={"content":"

许素睿 副教授

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

许素睿 副教授

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1165721841231475088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841239863697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841231475088, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841244058002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841231475088, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1165721841294389651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841298583956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841294389651, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Safety Engineering, China University of Labor Relations, Beijing 100048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841302778261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841294389651, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国劳动关系学院 安全工程学院,北京 100048)])]), Author(id=1165721841910952359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1165721841961284009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, authorId=1165721841910952359, language=EN, stringName=Zhihao WANG, firstName=Zhihao, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1165721842007421354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, authorId=1165721841910952359, language=CN, stringName=王智浩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1165721841231475088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841239863697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841231475088, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841244058002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841231475088, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083)])]), Author(id=1165721842074530220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1165721842124861870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, authorId=1165721842074530220, language=EN, stringName=Fangfei LIAN, firstName=Fangfei, middleName=null, lastName=LIAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1165721842158416303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, authorId=1165721842074530220, language=CN, stringName=连芳菲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1165721841231475088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841239863697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841231475088, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841244058002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841231475088, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1165721842338771376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=inherent safety), Keyword(id=1165721842384908721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=behavior-based safety), Keyword(id=1165721842439434674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=process safety), Keyword(id=1165721842510737843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=functional safety), Keyword(id=1165721842561069492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=paradigm shift), Keyword(id=1165721842623984053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=本质安全), Keyword(id=1165721842670121398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=行为安全), Keyword(id=1165721842720453047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=过程安全), Keyword(id=1165721842774979000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=功能安全), Keyword(id=1165721842850476473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=范式转换)], refs=[Reference(id=1165721844037464521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.gov.cn/lianbo/bumen/202402/content_6930470.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=中华人民共和国中央人民政府, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国中央人民政府. 国务院安委会部署开展安全生产治本攻坚三年行动[EB/OL]. (2024-02-05). https://www.gov.cn/lianbo/bumen/202402/content_6930470.htm., articleTitle=国务院安委会部署开展安全生产治本攻坚三年行动, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844117156298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=21, issue=4, pageStart=17, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=詹承豫, 高叶, 徐明婧, journalName=广州大学学报:社会科学版, refType=null, unstructuredReference=詹承豫, 高叶, 徐明婧. 系统韧性: 一个统筹发展与安全的核心概念[J]. 广州大学学报:社会科学版, 2022, 21(4): 17-32., articleTitle=系统韧性: 一个统筹发展与安全的核心概念, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844171682251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=21, issue=4, pageStart=17, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=ZHAN Chengyu, GAO Ye, XU Mingjing, journalName=Journal of Guangzhou University: Social Science Edition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAN Chengyu, GAO Ye, XU Mingjing. System resilience: a core concept of integrated development and security[J]. Journal of Guangzhou University: Social Science Edition, 2022, 21(4): 17-32., articleTitle=System resilience: a core concept of integrated development and security, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844251374028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=54, issue=null, pageStart=10, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=SONG D, EN S Y, NAMJIN J, journalName=Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SONG D, EN S Y, NAMJIN J. A framework and method for the assessment of inherent safety to enhance sustainability in conceptual chemical process design[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2018, 54: 10-17., articleTitle=A framework and method for the assessment of inherent safety to enhance sustainability in conceptual chemical process design, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844301705677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=5, pageStart=11, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=酒江波, 刘尚志, 鞠松霖, journalName=安全与环境工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=酒江波, 刘尚志, 鞠松霖, 等. 基于本质安全理论的化工过程安全管理研究[J]. 安全与环境工程, 2023, 30(5): 11-18., articleTitle=基于本质安全理论的化工过程安全管理研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844389786062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=5, pageStart=11, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=JIU Jiangbo, LIU Shangzhi, JU Songlin, journalName=Safety and Environmental Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIU Jiangbo, LIU Shangzhi, JU Songlin, et al. Research on chemical process safety management based on inherent safety theory[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering, 2023, 30(5): 11-18., articleTitle=Research on chemical process safety management based on inherent safety theory, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844440117711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=175, issue=null, pageStart=251, pageEnd=258, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=ONIFADE M, KHADIJA O S, AMTENGE P S, journalName=Process Safety and Environmental Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ONIFADE M, KHADIJA O S, AMTENGE P S. Safe mining operations through technological advancement[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2023, 175: 251-258., articleTitle=Safe mining operations through technological advancement, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844498837968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=128, issue=null, pageStart=364, pageEnd=383, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=SRINIVASAN R, SRINIVASAN B, IQBAL M U, journalName=Computers & Chemical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SRINIVASAN R, SRINIVASAN B, IQBAL M U, et al. Recent developments towards enhancing process safety: inherent safety and cognitive engineering[J]. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2019, 128: 364-383., articleTitle=Recent developments towards enhancing process safety: inherent safety and cognitive engineering, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844549169617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1978, volume=42, issue=null, pageStart=287, pageEnd=292, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=8, authorNames=KLETZ T, journalName=Tce the Chemical Engineer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KLETZ T. What you don't have, can't leak[J]. Tce the Chemical Engineer, 1978, 42: 287-292., articleTitle=What you don't have, can't leak, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844603695570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.aiche.org/sites/default/files/docs/embedded-pdf/ist_final_definition_report.pdf, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Center for Chemical Process Safety, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Center for Chemical Process Safety. Final report: definition for inherently safer technology in production, transportation, storage, and use[EB/OL]. (2024-07-20). https://www.aiche.org/sites/default/files/docs/embedded-pdf/ist_final_definition_report.pdf., articleTitle=Final report: definition for inherently safer technology in production, transportation, storage, and use, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844658221523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=GB/T 15236 — 2008, 职业安全卫生术语, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB/T 15236 — 2008, 职业安全卫生术语[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844721136084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=GB/T 15236-2008, Occupational safety and health glossary, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB/T 15236-2008, Occupational safety and health glossary[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844779856341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=10, issue=2, pageStart=87, pageEnd=105, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=12, authorNames=GELLER E S, journalName=Applied and Preventive Psychology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GELLER E S. Behavior-based safety in industry: realizing the large-scale potential of psychology to promote human welfare[J]. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 2001, 10(2): 87-105., articleTitle=Behavior-based safety in industry: realizing the large-scale potential of psychology to promote human welfare, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844834382294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=23, issue=3, pageStart=150, pageEnd=154, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=13, authorNames=傅贵, 张苏, 董继业, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=傅贵, 张苏, 董继业, 等. 行为安全的理论实质与效果讨论[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2013, 23(3): 150-154., articleTitle=行为安全的理论实质与效果讨论, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844884713943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=23, issue=3, pageStart=150, pageEnd=154, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=14, authorNames=FU Gui, ZHANG Su, DONG Jiye, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FU Gui, ZHANG Su, DONG Jiye, et al. Discussions on theoretical understanding and effects of behavior based safety[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2013, 23(3): 150-154., articleTitle=Discussions on theoretical understanding and effects of behavior based safety, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844943434200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.aiche.org/ccps/resources/glossary, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Center for Chemical Process Safety, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Center for Chemical Process Safety. CCPS process safety glossary[EB/OL].(2024-07-09). https://www.aiche.org/ccps/resources/glossary., articleTitle=CCPS process safety glossary, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721844993765849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://epsc.be/Documents/EPSC+PS+Fundamentals.html, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=16, authorNames=European Process Safety Centre, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=European Process Safety Centre. Industry working together on process safety[EB/OL]. (2024-07-09). https://epsc.be/Documents/EPSC+PS+Fundamentals.html., articleTitle=Industry working together on process safety, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721845044097498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=57, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=17, authorNames=KLEIN J A, BRUCE K V, journalName=Process safety: key concepts and practical approaches, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KLEIN J A, BRUCE K V. Process safety: key concepts and practical approaches[M]. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2017: 57., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721845136372187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=IEC 61508-1: 1998, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems-part 1: general requirements, refType=null, unstructuredReference=IEC 61508-1: 1998, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems-part 1: general requirements[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721845190898140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=ISO 26262-1: 2011, Road vehicles-functional safety part 1: vocabulary, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ISO 26262-1: 2011, Road vehicles-functional safety part 1: vocabulary[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721845266395613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=20, issue=2, pageStart=109, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=20, authorNames=GELLER E S, journalName=Current Directions in Psychological Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GELLER E S. Psychological science and safety: large-scale success at preventing occupational injuries and fatalities[J]. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2011, 20(2): 109-114., articleTitle=Psychological science and safety: large-scale success at preventing occupational injuries and fatalities, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721845371253214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=8, pageStart=24, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=21, authorNames=佟瑞鹏, 王彪, 孙宁昊, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=佟瑞鹏, 王彪, 孙宁昊, 等. 行为追溯安全培训法(ACT)理论构建与应用[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(8): 24-29., articleTitle=行为追溯安全培训法(ACT)理论构建与应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721845463527903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=8, pageStart=24, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=22, authorNames=TONG Ruipeng, WANG Biao, SUN Ninghao, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TONG Ruipeng, WANG Biao, SUN Ninghao, et al. Theoretical construction and application of accident-cause-training method[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(8): 24-29., articleTitle=Theoretical construction and application of accident-cause-training method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721845522248160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=7, issue=1, pageStart=135, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=23, authorNames=MANNAN M S, REYES V O, JAIN P, journalName=Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MANNAN M S, REYES V O, JAIN P, et al. The evolution of process safety: current status and future direction[J]. Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2016, 7(1): 135-162., articleTitle=The evolution of process safety: current status and future direction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721845572579809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=1, pageStart=48, pageEnd=55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=24, authorNames=王露露, 尘兴邦, 袁嘉淙, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王露露, 尘兴邦, 袁嘉淙, 等. 职业心理学视域下矿工不安全行为研究综述[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(1): 48-55., articleTitle=职业心理学视域下矿工不安全行为研究综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721845643882978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=1, pageStart=48, pageEnd=55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=25, authorNames=WANG Lulu, CHEN Xingbang, YUAN Jiacong, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Lulu, CHEN Xingbang, YUAN Jiacong, et al. Review of research on miners' unsafe behaviors in perspective of occupational psychology[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(1): 48-55., articleTitle=Review of research on miners' unsafe behaviors in perspective of occupational psychology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721845723574755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=127, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=26, authorNames=ZACHARAKI A, KOSTAVELIS I, GASTERATOS A, journalName=Safety Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZACHARAKI A, KOSTAVELIS I, GASTERATOS A, et al. Safety bounds in human robot interaction: a survey[J]. Safety Science, 2020, 127:DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104667., articleTitle=Safety bounds in human robot interaction: a survey, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721845778100708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=28, issue=1, pageStart=41, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=27, authorNames=钟开斌, journalName=中共中央党校(国家行政学院)学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钟开斌. 统筹高质量发展和高水平安全: 何以必要与何以可能[J]. 中共中央党校(国家行政学院)学报, 2024, 28(1): 41-48., articleTitle=统筹高质量发展和高水平安全: 何以必要与何以可能, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721845841015269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=28, issue=1, pageStart=41, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=28, authorNames=ZHONG Kaibin, journalName=Journal of the Party School of the Central Committee of the C.P.C.(Chinese Academy of Governance), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHONG Kaibin. Ensuring both high-quality development and high-level security: why is it necessary and how is it possible[J]. Journal of the Party School of the Central Committee of the C.P.C.(Chinese Academy of Governance), 2024, 28(1): 41-48., articleTitle=Ensuring both high-quality development and high-level security: why is it necessary and how is it possible, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721845882958310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=10, pageStart=105, pageEnd=111, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=29, authorNames=林伟, journalName=情报杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林伟. 人工智能数据安全风险及应对[J]. 情报杂志, 2022, 41(10): 105-111,88., articleTitle=人工智能数据安全风险及应对, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721845924901351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=10, pageStart=105, pageEnd=111, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=30, authorNames=LIN Wei, journalName=Journal of Intelligence, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIN Wei. Artificial intelligence data security risks and countermeasures[J]. Journal of Intelligence, 2022, 41(10): 105-111,88., articleTitle=Artificial intelligence data security risks and countermeasures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721845971038696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=4, pageStart=1, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=31, authorNames=佟瑞鹏, 王露露, 胡向阳, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=佟瑞鹏, 王露露, 胡向阳, 等. 安全软科学研究追溯与展望: 内涵、外延与挑战[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(4): 1-8., articleTitle=安全软科学研究追溯与展望: 内涵、外延与挑战, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721846021370345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=4, pageStart=1, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=32, authorNames=TONG Ruipeng, WANG Lulu, HU Xiangyang, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TONG Ruipeng, WANG Lulu, HU Xiangyang, et al. Review and prospect of safety soft science research: connotation, extension and challenge[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(4): 1-8., articleTitle=Review and prospect of safety soft science research: connotation, extension and challenge, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721846071701994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=19, pageStart=22, pageEnd=28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=33, authorNames=陈向阳, journalName=人民论坛·学术前沿, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈向阳. 以新安全格局保障新发展格局: 双治理与双循环[J]. 人民论坛·学术前沿, 2023(19): 22-28., articleTitle=以新安全格局保障新发展格局: 双治理与双循环, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721846130422251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=19, pageStart=22, pageEnd=28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=34, authorNames=CHEN Xiangyang, journalName=Frontiers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Xiangyang. Safeguard China's new pattern of development with new security architecture: dual governance and dual circulation[J]. Frontiers, 2023(19): 22-28., articleTitle=Safeguard China's new pattern of development with new security architecture: dual governance and dual circulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721846172365292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=66, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=35, authorNames=SHAH I A, SUKHDEV M, journalName=Journal of Occupational Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAH I A, SUKHDEV M. Artificial intelligence in advancing occupational health and safety: an encapsulation of developments[J]. Journal of Occupational Health, 2024, 66(1): DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiad017., articleTitle=Artificial intelligence in advancing occupational health and safety: an encapsulation of developments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165721846222696941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=157, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=36, authorNames=DERDOWSKI L A, MATHISEN G E, journalName=Safety Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DERDOWSKI L A, MATHISEN G E. Psychosocial factors and safety in high-risk industries: a systematic literature review[J]. Safety Science, 2023, 157: DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105948., articleTitle=Psychosocial factors and safety in high-risk industries: a systematic literature review, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1165721843894858184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, awardId=52074302, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助(52074302), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1165721841231475088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841239863697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841231475088, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841244058002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841231475088, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1165721841294389651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841298583956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841294389651, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Safety Engineering, China University of Labor Relations, Beijing 100048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165721841302778261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, companyId=1165721841294389651, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国劳动关系学院 安全工程学院,北京 100048)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1165721843005665722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Development stages and key milestones of inherent safety, figureFileSmall=12NG2il8y0LDcInVe3Mcqg==, figureFileBig=JJXIuBrUnZARUtDe1d+onA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721843064385979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=CN, label=图1, caption=本质安全发展阶段与重要节点, figureFileSmall=12NG2il8y0LDcInVe3Mcqg==, figureFileBig=JJXIuBrUnZARUtDe1d+onA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721843118911932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Development stages and key milestones of behavior-based safety, figureFileSmall=Me84Pschyh2J734EMBJ+qA==, figureFileBig=0LbFE0A69lfD31y82AJTig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721843169243581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=CN, label=图2, caption=行为安全发展阶段与重要节点, figureFileSmall=Me84Pschyh2J734EMBJ+qA==, figureFileBig=0LbFE0A69lfD31y82AJTig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721843223769534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Development stages and key milestones of process safety, figureFileSmall=p3BDJVw/CKjiwRrFMIv0XA==, figureFileBig=ZVmcifuz4wAq+OsjSkDMfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721843278295487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=CN, label=图3, caption=过程安全发展阶段与重要节点, figureFileSmall=p3BDJVw/CKjiwRrFMIv0XA==, figureFileBig=ZVmcifuz4wAq+OsjSkDMfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721843337015744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Development stages and key milestones of functional safety, figureFileSmall=J2Bo7u8EWXAvPuIUvLjgxA==, figureFileBig=bBKG72Uj2nuKXIfq8E7xLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721843391541697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=CN, label=图4, caption=功能安全发展阶段与重要节点, figureFileSmall=J2Bo7u8EWXAvPuIUvLjgxA==, figureFileBig=bBKG72Uj2nuKXIfq8E7xLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721843446067650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Shifting relationships among four types of safety management paradigms, figureFileSmall=8spvNZUgX6DtNXBDjAuIGA==, figureFileBig=ygzKXd0Vn6XTAnkBNY1V3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721843508982211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=CN, label=图5, caption=4类安全管理范式转换关系, figureFileSmall=8spvNZUgX6DtNXBDjAuIGA==, figureFileBig=ygzKXd0Vn6XTAnkBNY1V3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165721843597062596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Representative connotations of four types of safety management paradigms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 视角 涵义
本质
安全
危险源 消除危险源而不是接受和管理危险源[7-8]
系统 通过设计等手段使生产设备或生产系统本身具有安全性,即使在错误操作或发生故障的情况下也不会造成事故[9]
行为
安全
安全
心理
关注于个体的安全相关行为,分析其为什么这样做,继而研究相应策略以改善个体行为[10]
安全
管理
从安全文化建设到个人不安全动作解决的一整套事故预防理论和方法,具体涵盖了事故及其损失的统计与分析、组织不安全物态的解决、组织运行及指导行为的解决、个人不安全动作及习惯性行为的解决等一系列内容[11]
过程
安全
全生命
周期
通过应用良好的设计原则、工程和操作实践,对处理危险物质的操作系统和完整流程进行管理的规范性框架[12]
如何避免危险化学品及能量的意外释放,与规范操作、机械完整性与工程设计紧密相关[13]
一套全面、综合的管理系统,旨在帮助管理与过程危险源相关的风险,防止与过程相关的事故和伤害[14]
功能
安全
故障 不存在不可接受的健康损害或人身伤害风险,旨在将电气、电子或可编程电子设备的安全相关系统故障风险降低到可容忍的水平[15]
不存在因电子/电气系统故障行为引发的危险源所造成的不合理风险[16]
), ArticleFig(id=1165721843643199941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

4类安全管理范式的代表性涵义

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 视角 涵义
本质
安全
危险源 消除危险源而不是接受和管理危险源[7-8]
系统 通过设计等手段使生产设备或生产系统本身具有安全性,即使在错误操作或发生故障的情况下也不会造成事故[9]
行为
安全
安全
心理
关注于个体的安全相关行为,分析其为什么这样做,继而研究相应策略以改善个体行为[10]
安全
管理
从安全文化建设到个人不安全动作解决的一整套事故预防理论和方法,具体涵盖了事故及其损失的统计与分析、组织不安全物态的解决、组织运行及指导行为的解决、个人不安全动作及习惯性行为的解决等一系列内容[11]
过程
安全
全生命
周期
通过应用良好的设计原则、工程和操作实践,对处理危险物质的操作系统和完整流程进行管理的规范性框架[12]
如何避免危险化学品及能量的意外释放,与规范操作、机械完整性与工程设计紧密相关[13]
一套全面、综合的管理系统,旨在帮助管理与过程危险源相关的风险,防止与过程相关的事故和伤害[14]
功能
安全
故障 不存在不可接受的健康损害或人身伤害风险,旨在将电气、电子或可编程电子设备的安全相关系统故障风险降低到可容忍的水平[15]
不存在因电子/电气系统故障行为引发的危险源所造成的不合理风险[16]
), ArticleFig(id=1165721843701920198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Current representative norms of four types of safety management paradigms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 规范名称 颁布机构 行业领域 发布日期
本质安全/
过程安全
塞维索指令Ⅲ EU 化工 2012年
本质安全 化工过程全生命周期本质安全应用指南 CCPS 化工 2008年
机械安全设计通则风险评估与风险减小 ISO 机械 2010年
行为安全 工作系统设计的人类工效学原则 ISO 通用 2016年
过程安全 基于风险的过程安全指南 CCPS 化工 2007年
石油和天然气工业—海上生产装置—过程安全系统 ISO 石油和天然气 2019年
功能安全 电气/电子/可编程电子安全相关系统的功能安全 IEC 通用 2010年
机械安全—控制系统有关安全部件第1部分:设计通则 ISO 机械 2023年
人工智能—功能安全与人工智能系统 ISO/IEC 人工智能 2024年
), ArticleFig(id=1165721843769029063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106698964857174, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

4类安全管理范式的现行代表性规范

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 规范名称 颁布机构 行业领域 发布日期
本质安全/
过程安全
塞维索指令Ⅲ EU 化工 2012年
本质安全 化工过程全生命周期本质安全应用指南 CCPS 化工 2008年
机械安全设计通则风险评估与风险减小 ISO 机械 2010年
行为安全 工作系统设计的人类工效学原则 ISO 通用 2016年
过程安全 基于风险的过程安全指南 CCPS 化工 2007年
石油和天然气工业—海上生产装置—过程安全系统 ISO 石油和天然气 2019年
功能安全 电气/电子/可编程电子安全相关系统的功能安全 IEC 通用 2010年
机械安全—控制系统有关安全部件第1部分:设计通则 ISO 机械 2023年
人工智能—功能安全与人工智能系统 ISO/IEC 人工智能 2024年
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1123942128916217864, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国安全科学学报, nameEn=China Safety Science Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-3033, eissn=, cn=11-2865/X, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=0, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=fkqsFM6VKlHC4gCtS5XqTw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chin Saf Sci J, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1754269350027, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=C, firstLetterEn=C, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=fkqsFM6VKlHC4gCtS5XqTw==, picEn=SHn9HgqSxtJrOcAxqD++4Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1159052918994595848, language=CN, name=中国安全科学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.cssjj.com.cn/, createdTime=1754269350050, updatedTime=1754269350050, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.cssjj.com.cn/CN/column/item15.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1159052919040733193, language=EN, name=China Safety Science Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.cssjj.com.cn/EN/1003-3033/home.shtml, createdTime=1754269350061, updatedTime=1754269350061, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/EN/column/column3.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031787341344770, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202345263519, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031787341344770, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112766, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753502583634, updateBy=18614031015, name=《中国安全科学学报》中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国安全科学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148618794941046792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751781661020, updateTime=1751781661020, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794911686661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751781661012, updateTime=1751781661012, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794894909444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=tui0IVO9FMwB61HHtX5scg==, createTime=1751781661008, updateTime=1751781661008, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794932658183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751781661017, updateTime=1751781661017, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794924269574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751781661015, updateTime=1751781661015, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155836763751993353, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031787341344770, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753502558893, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753524450387, updateBy=18614031015, name=《中国安全科学学报》英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=China Safety Science Journal, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155895925743669425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753516664205, updateTime=1753516664205, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925722697902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753516664200, updateTime=1753516664200, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925714309293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=tui0IVO9FMwB61HHtX5scg==, createTime=1753516664198, updateTime=1753516664198, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925735280816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753516664203, updateTime=1753516664203, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925731086511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753516664202, updateTime=1753516664202, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=China Safety Science Journal, journalPhotoCn=fkqsFM6VKlHC4gCtS5XqTw==, journalPhotoEn=SHn9HgqSxtJrOcAxqD++4Q==, journalFirstLetter=C, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=1, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.1045, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/EN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.1045, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/PDF/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.1045, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/EN/PDF/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.1045, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
本质安全、行为安全、过程安全与功能安全的比较研究: 基于安全管理范式转换
收藏切换
PDF下载
佟瑞鹏 1 , 王露露 1 , 许素睿 1, 2, ** , 王智浩 1 , 连芳菲 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2025,35(1): 7-15
收起
收藏切换
中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2025, 35(1): 7-15
本质安全、行为安全、过程安全与功能安全的比较研究: 基于安全管理范式转换
全屏
佟瑞鹏1 , 王露露1, 许素睿1, 2, ** , 王智浩1, 连芳菲1
作者信息
  • 1 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083
  • 2 中国劳动关系学院 安全工程学院,北京 100048
  • 佟瑞鹏 (1977—),男,黑龙江穆棱人,博士,教授,主要从事行为安全管理、职业心理健康、环境风险评估等方面的研究。E-mail:

    许素睿 副教授

通讯作者:

**许素睿(1978—),女,河南西平人,博士研究生,副教授,主要研究方向为行为安全、安全管理、工伤保险等。E-mail:
Comparative study of inherent safety, behavior-based safety, process safety and functional safety based on safety management paradigm shift
Ruipeng TONG1 , Lulu WANG1, Surui XU1, 2, ** , Zhihao WANG1, Fangfei LIAN1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2 School of Safety Engineering, China University of Labor Relations, Beijing 100048, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.1045
文章导航
收藏切换

为阐明本质安全、行为安全、过程安全与功能安全的本质特征与区别联系,促进高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动,运用文献综述法与比较分析法,基于安全管理范式转换视角探析四者的基本内涵与演进历程、相互关系、现实挑战与发展路径。结果表明: 本质安全象征着安全的理想化存在形式,行为安全是涉及安全科学与行为科学等学科理论与方法的一门交叉性学问,过程安全在全生命周期内运用系统性方法保护人类、机械设备与环境,功能安全旨在避免由系统功能性故障导致的不可接受的风险;四者以本质安全为引领,涉及从理念到实践的有序发展。内在构成统一,均涵盖人、机、环、管要素。现行的代表性规范所涉及的行业领域广泛且核心在于事故预防;未来应充分发挥四者的安全治理合力,运用人工智能技术赋能安全生产新引擎,推动四者在因地制宜的具体实践中持续完善。

本质安全  /  行为安全  /  过程安全  /  功能安全  /  范式转换

To clarify the essential characteristics and differences between inherent safety, behavior-based safety, process safety, and functional safety and to promote a virtuous cycle of high-quality development and high-level safety, this study employed literature review and comparative analysis methods to explore their basic connotations and evolution processes, interrelationships, realistic challenges, and development paths based on the safety management paradigm shift. The results indicate that inherent safety is an idealized form of safety. Behavior-based safety is an interdisciplinary field that involves the theories and methods of safety science and behavioral science. Process safety protects humans, machines, and the environment through systematic approaches from a full life cycle perspective. Functional safety aims at preventing unacceptable risks caused by functional failures of systems. The four types of safety, led by inherent safety, involve a gradual progression from concepts to practice. These types of safety share a unified internal structure encompassing the elements of humans, machines, environment and management. The current representative standards cover various industry sectors and focus on accident prevention. In the future, the synergistic effect of the four in safety governance should be fully utilized. By using artificial intelligence technology to empower the new engine of safety production, the four should be continuously improved in specific practices tailored to local conditions.

inherent safety  /  behavior-based safety  /  process safety  /  functional safety  /  paradigm shift
佟瑞鹏, 王露露, 许素睿, 王智浩, 连芳菲. 本质安全、行为安全、过程安全与功能安全的比较研究: 基于安全管理范式转换. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (1) : 7 -15 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.1045
Ruipeng TONG, Lulu WANG, Surui XU, Zhihao WANG, Fangfei LIAN. Comparative study of inherent safety, behavior-based safety, process safety and functional safety based on safety management paradigm shift[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (1) : 7 -15 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.1045
安全,是保障人类社会行稳致远的永恒课题。为认真贯彻落实习总书记关于安全生产系列重要指示精神,国务院安委会印发了《安全生产治本攻坚三年行动方案(2024—2026年)》。该方案指出,需不断提升本质安全水平,加快推进安全生产治理体系和治理能力现代化[1]。本质安全是安全科学追求的至高境界,行为安全、过程安全与功能安全是安全生产治理体系和治理能力现代化的关键支撑。以上4类安全管理范式具备高阶性、动态性、韧性等特征,是统筹高质量发展和高水平安全的必由之路[2]
当前关于4类安全管理范式的研究各成体系且相对独立。围绕各自的内涵、理论、规范性文件等主题均取得了较为丰富的研究成果。然而,尽管四者在理论与实践方面存在相似或共通属性,鲜有学者从安全管理范式转换视角出发,面向高危行业开展综合应用。从双元视角出发,在化工领域,部分学者面向化工过程研究本质安全化的设计策略[3],或基于本质安全理论探索化工过程安全管理要素[4]。针对采矿业,本质安全与过程安全的融合推动了采矿作业技术从机械化至自动化的演变[5]。再者,基于三元视角,少有学者基于本质安全理念与认知工程方法开展化工流程设计与优化[6]。整体而言,学界针对四者中的单元、双元或三元安全开展了一定程度的综合应用,证明了四者之间存在交互规律的客观事实。立足世界百年未有之大变局,在总体国家安全观引领下,解构四者本质特征与相互关系,进而提升安全治理合力的相关研究亟待突破。
综上,基于安全管理范式转换,拟围绕本质安全、行为安全、过程安全与功能安全开展内涵解构、演进历程追溯及相互关系比较分析,进而厘清4类安全管理范式的现实挑战与发展路径,以期为统筹发展和安全提供参考。
本质安全象征着安全的理想化存在形式,旨在复杂系统秩序、混沌与涌现的动态演化过程中寻求最大限度的安全平衡,侧重于在设计阶段提升系统的安全性;行为安全涉及安全科学与行为科学等学科理论与方法的一门交叉性学问,具有以人为本、生命至上、预防为主的基本特征;过程安全可理解为以系统性方法保护人类、机械设备与环境,在全生命周期内防范事故的发生或最小化其不良影响;功能安全旨在避免由系统功能性故障导致的不可接受的风险,保障自动保护系统可以处理潜在的硬件故障、人因失误以及操作或环境压力。在不同视角下,4类安全管理范式的代表性内涵见表1
20世纪以来,本质安全早期集中应用于化学工业领域。这一阶段着重于被动防御,即通过限制对危险化学品的使用和采取一些基本的安全措施来减轻事故的影响。1978年,英国化学工程师KLETZ[7]在“What you don't have,can't leak”一文中,第一次清晰而简洁地阐述了化学过程本质上更安全的设计概念。受英国弗利克斯伯勒爆炸等事故的恶劣影响与启示,80年代以来,欧盟(European Union,EU)颁布了《塞维索指令Ⅰ》并先后进行了3次更新。这促进了本质安全进入了从被动应对事故转向主动预防和系统管理的新阶段,人们逐渐认识到需要通过定性与定量风险管理方法兼顾的形式评估各种工艺设计方案的效果。
迈入21世纪,化工领域逐渐率先形成了一系列本质安全相关的规范和指南,涉及系统性的本质安全实施策略和评估方法。其发展阶段与重要节点如图1所示。
追溯至20世纪初,人们发现事故频次与个体之间存在概率分布特征。早期的行为安全过分强调行为控制而忽视了改善不安全条件,由此“归咎于工人”的认知与研究方法受到了较为普遍的批评。20世纪中叶,伴随着第一次认知革命的发展,对个体心理和社会现象的解构促进了符合人类感知、记忆、注意力、决策等特征的行为安全研究发展,使其逐渐脱离并不再局限于行为主义范式。1979年,“Behavior-based Safety”这一专业术语被正式提出[17]。随后,80年代起,第2次认知革命突破了第1次认知革命过技术化、个人主义与唯心主义的研究藩篱,开始探索个体身心状态与行为实践的交互特征。21世纪至今,一系列理论与管理规范、指南的提出推动了行为安全的系统完善[18]。其发展阶段与重要节点如图2所示。
追本溯源,工业革命的出现增加了工艺品的数量和种类,并提升了人们的生活质量。然而,过程安全一词的起源及其国际演变与快速工业化和技术进步所导致的重大过程安全事故密切相关。20世纪70年代和80年代初,大多数学术和工业研究主要集中在技术安全方面,重点在于开发工艺部件、设备和装置的安全设计及解决方案。80年代末和90年代初,人为因素在预防过程安全事件中的重要性逐渐得到认可。20世纪末,管理标准与指南的运用进一步推动了过程安全的系统化发展,包括风险评估、培训、程序和应急响应等方面,以确保过程管理的整体安全性[19]。迈入21世纪,实践经验、事故教训和科技创新共同推动了过程安全在多个国家内部演化发展。综上所述,其发展阶段与重要节点如图3所示。
自20世纪40年代起,失效模式与后果分析、故障树、危险与可靠性分析等方法被相继提出,并应用于航空航天、过程工业等领域,这对功能安全的早期萌芽产生了催化作用。随后,一系列机械控制系统功能安全标准公布。直至1998年,国际电工委员会(International Electro Technical Commission,IEC)颁布《电气/电子/可编程电子安全相关系统的功能安全—第1部分:一般要求》(IEC 61508—1∶1998),标志着功能安全进入了系统化阶段,不仅为电气、电子和可编程电子系统的安全提供了基础,还为其他行业制定功能安全标准提供了参考框架。其发展阶段与重要节点如图4所示。
本质安全是预防为主的根本体现。本质安全理念主要包括最小化原则、替代原则、减缓原则与简化原则4部分[4]。例如:最小化原则和替代原则可致力于减少系统中危险物质的数量和使用量,采用低危物质代替高危物质;运用减缓原则与简化原则时,可采取措施来降低危险物质的危害程度和潜在后果,通过减少工艺复杂性来降低故障风险。
行为安全是个体在本质安全理念引领下而产生的实质性动作表达。理论基础主要源于行为科学和心理学,具体强调通过系统的行为观察和反馈来促进安全行为或抑制不安全行为。代表性理论包括瑞士奶酪模型、行为安全“2-4”模型、人为因素分析与分类系统理论、瑟利模型、认知可靠性与失误分析方法等。相关理论引入了行为主义、认知主义与建构主义的观念[20],实现层级主要涉及环境、个体生理、心理状态及行为意向。
基于本质安全理念,过程安全通过全生命周期管理来确保工艺过程的安全性和稳定性。过程安全领域的一系列代表性理论模型,如蝴蝶结模型、多米诺骨牌理论、轨迹交叉理论、功能共振模型以及鲁棒控制理论等,强调全面识别工艺过程中的潜在风险,并针对这些风险实施适当的控制措施。例如:蝴蝶结模型提出多层次防御措施之间的关联,强调多重保护层的重要性;多米诺骨牌理论则强调事故往往由一系列连锁反应引发,可通过防止第一块多米诺骨牌倒下来而阻止整个过程的蔓延。
功能安全关注于避免过程安全或行为安全出现异常状况导致的不可接受的风险,主要涉及控制理论、可靠性理论等,且考虑系统架构、硬件系统与软件系统等组成要素。如在自动化系统和控制系统中,控制理论涉及系统的控制算法设计、反馈控制、系统稳定性分析等,以确保系统在各种操作条件下的可控性和安全性。另外,失效模式与后果分析、故障树分析、危险与可靠性分析、马尔可夫分析等方法在功能安全领域亦被广泛应用。
整体而言,本质安全理念可视作安全的顶层设计,并不是独立的安全管理要素,其可引领行为安全、过程安全与功能安全在理论与实践层面的有序发展。同时,功能安全组成要素(点)、过程安全全生命周期(线)、行为安全实现层级(面)的发展亦促进并完善了本质安全理念的具体实践,从而构成本质安全(体)。四者于点、线、面、体之中相互促进、相辅相成,其安全管理范式转换关系如图5所示。
内在构成上,4类安全管理范式均涵盖人、机、环、管4要素[6,21]。首先,四者共同凸显了人的因素在安全管理中的核心地位。本质安全主要通过设计等手段使设备或系统本身具有安全性,减少对操作人员安全技能的依赖。行为安全注重通过安全文化建设等方式,保障个体的安全知识、安全意识、安全习惯、安全生理与心理状态等因素的塑造,从而提升行为安全绩效。过程安全侧重个体安全干预的持续反馈,如通过安全培训、动态监测、绩效考核与方案优化等措施,保障个体在复杂和动态的生产过程中具备应对各类情景的能力。功能安全通过提升操作人员知识与技能水平,确保其能够正确操作并维护系统安全。
其次,从机的角度出发,皆注重设备和技术的可靠性和安全性。例如:本质安全通过选择安全性高的设备和材料,采用先进的设计理念和防护措施,从根本上降低设备故障的概率。行为安全凭借设计人机工程学友好的设备界面,减少操作复杂性和误操作的可能性。过程安全则强调设备的可靠性,通过实时监测等预防性维护策略,确保设备在生产过程中的稳定运行。功能安全依托使用冗余设计、容错设计和安全保护措施,确保在设备或系统发生故障时仍能保持安全运行。
再者,基于环的角度,均聚焦于工作环境的保障与完善。本质安全基于工艺设计优化生产环境,如隔离有害物质、改善通风系统等,减少不良环境对人的负面影响。行为安全通过营造适宜的工作环境减少因环境因素诱发的不安全行为。过程安全通过动态监控生产环境中的各项参数,如温度、压力、湿度等,确保环境条件满足过程安全的要求。功能安全注重工作环境的可适应性,如通过部署防护装置、安全警示标识和紧急停机按钮等措施,确保操作环境中存在必要的安全保护机制。
最后,对于管而言,四者都受益于系统化和制度化的安全管理策略。一系列指南、标准与法令的颁布与完善使得相关管理原则、方法与流程逐渐成熟。
整体而言,四者的管理策略各有侧重且内在统一,主要围绕计划、实施、检查、改进4方面开展,涉及目标制定、风险管控、隐患排查、事故应急、绩效优化等安全实务,体现了当代安全管理的多元交融特征。
四者现行的代表性规范见表2。所涉及行业领域具有针对性与典型性,其核心在于事故预防。其中,本质安全与过程安全相关规范侧重于保障化工安全,行为安全与功能安全有关规范则面向通用行业。
现行本质安全规范主要涉及化工行业与机械行业。在化工安全领域,1982年EU颁布的法规《塞维索指令Ⅰ》要求企业采取预防性措施,包括系统的风险评估和应急响应计划,以确保对重大事故的预防和应对。《塞维索指令Ⅱ》和《塞维索指令Ⅲ》进一步细化、强化本质安全设计的要求,特别是《塞维索指令Ⅱ》明确强调在设计阶段优先采用本质安全原则,从源头上消除或降低危险以减少事故发生的可能性。而《塞维索指令Ⅲ》则凸显持续改进和最佳实践。再者,CCPS在2008年提出《化工过程全生命周期本质安全应用指南》,围绕本质安全设计原则与方法开展一系列阐述。对于机械安全而言,ISO/TR 12100—1∶1992与ISO/TR 12100—2∶1992涵盖机械安全设计的基本概念与原则。其在2003与2010年进行了更新,现行标准为ISO 12100∶2010,规定了在机械设计中实现安全的基本术语、原则和方法,涉及的风险评估、消除与降低等程序体现了本质安全中的最小化、替代等原则。
行为安全规范主要涉及通用行业工作系统设计。ISO 6385∶1981描述了一种综合方法,在工作系统设计过程中平衡个人、社会和技术要求。运用人类工效学知识,旨在优化工作系统和工作人员行为绩效,并保障个体身心健康与生活质量。进而,ISO 6385∶2016适用于设计与人类健康与安全福祉相关的最佳工作条件,进一步强调了以人为本的设计原则,注重个体认知与组织因素。基于以上标准,我国先后颁布了GB/T 16251—2008与GB/T 16251—2023。上述标准分别在ISO 45001∶2018与GB/T 45001—2020中具备应用价值,可为实现良好的行为安全绩效提供指导。
过程安全规范主要面向化工行业、石油和天然气行业。在化工行业,《塞维索指令Ⅰ》《塞维索指令Ⅱ》和《塞维索指令Ⅲ》亦围绕过程安全开展构建与更新。《塞维索指令Ⅰ》体现对设备设计和操作流程的初步关注。《塞维索指令Ⅱ》在此基础上加强对危险化学品安全管理的要求,引入更严谨的风险分类和评估程序,并强调信息透明度和公众参与。《塞维索指令Ⅲ》进一步突出风险评估和应急预案的重要性,并加强对新技术和新型化学品的监管。以上三者的迭代彰显了危险化学品处理和储存的过程安全管理水平的提升,逐步加强对设备设计、操作维护和应急管理等方面的要求。此外,2007年,CCPS发布的《基于风险的过程安全指南》为化工行业过程安全管理提供了系统框架,共包含20个过程安全要素。通过运用全面质量管理原则,即戴明循环,关注设计、纠正或改进过程安全管理实践。在石油与天然气行业,ISO 10418∶2003用于分析、设计和测试海上油气资源生产装置的表面过程安全系统。其在2008年与2019年先后进行了更新,最新版的ISO 10418∶2019,针对过程安全系统中减少风险的支持系统提供了建议与要求。
功能安全规范涉及通用行业,亦面向机械设备、道路车辆、过程工业等领域形成专用标准。IEC 61508∶1998是适用于所有行业电气、电子和可编程电子系统的基本功能安全标准。随后,该系列标准于2010年被修订。第1版明确了功能安全周期涵盖从概念、设计、实施到维护阶段。第2版新增关于软件和硬件集成的详细要求,强调软件开发和验证过程的重要性。随后,IEC针对机械设备、道路车辆、过程工业、医疗器械、核电厂等领域分别颁布了专用的功能安全标准。基于IEC 61508∶1998,出版了ISO 13849∶1999,以明确功能安全相关概念,提供控制系统安全设计原则,制定安全功能评估与验证要求。随后,该标准于2006、2015与2023年修订再版,修订版在性能等级的细化、与其他标准的对接、风险评估方法的改进等方面做了显著修改,适用于高需求和连续运行模式的控制系统及其子系统。另外,ISO针对道路车辆、过程工业、农林机械、信息技术等颁布了专用的功能安全标准。面向人工智能时代,ISO与IEC联合发布ISO/IEC TR 5469∶2024,旨在描述安全相关功能与人工智能的相互属性、风险因素、综合方法和流程等。
发展与安全,是相辅相成、辩证统一的2件大事。在政策响应方面,统筹高质量发展和高水平安全,是对二者辩证关系的前瞻性把握与深刻立意,亦是对4类安全管理范式有机结合的战略指引与现实磨砺[22]。一方面,伴随着新技术、新工艺、新业态等蓬勃发展,各行业新旧安全风险交织叠加,事关基本民生、经济发展与社会稳定大局。围绕人、机、环、管要素,规避风险、转移风险、减少风险等风险治理策略的应用需要本质安全、行为安全、过程安全与功能安全四位一体、协调配合。另一方面,统筹发展和安全面向常态、非常态、常态与非常态相互演化场景,具备复杂系统的秩序、涌现与混沌属性。这为四者的互促互进、动态平衡提供了实质性的复杂场景需求,亦对统筹发展和安全带来了何以可能的严峻考验。
在科技赋能方面,人工智能是驱动新一轮科技革命和产业变革的核心引擎,具有智慧涌现、数据依赖与演进迭代等特征。当前,人工智能领域的国际博弈帷幕已掀开,带来的社会生产力与社会关系的变革会不可避免地衍生出新的安全机遇与挑战[23]。例如:可通过深度学习技术优化安全决策、基于图像识别技术开展智能质检等,以推进人机环协同水平以提高安全生产效率。同时,智能社会的自动化、智能化的生产方式将解放人力劳动者,会出现劳动者社会角色变换与岗位的切换,即社会对设备简单操作岗位需求在逐步减少,但对高技能人才需求在增加。智能技术下的万物互联构成了日益尖锐且较为普遍的信息安全问题。可见,人工智能背景下,四者的目标定位、内涵发展、理论建构与规范建设等内容更新是亟须重视的深刻议题。
在实践应用方面,因地制宜地深刻认识四者的内涵特征与达成路径至关重要。例如:当前四者的相关规范主要面向通用或化工行业,缺乏系统考虑采矿、建筑等高危行业生产作业属性的安全规范。再者,在实际生产过程中,需结合工作岗位与环境、组织安全文化、个体行为习惯与认知水平等背景信息开展精准化与针对性的安全管理。另外,伴随着社会生产效率的提升与群众安全意识的觉醒,管理者不仅需要保障员工的生理安全,亦应重视精神层面的尊重、价值感等人本主义需求,增进其心理健康福祉[24]
发展与安全是鸟之两翼,车之双轮。统筹发展和安全需要充分考虑四者的主要特征,以新安全格局保障新发展格局[25]。一方面,需坚持系统性思维与问题与需求导向,在安全战略层面完善顶层设计,制定科学合理的整体规划,协调推进4类安全管理范式的有效转换与综合实施。进而,推动科技、经济与人才等资源的配置、整合与优化,确保各类安全措施得到充分的实施和保障,形成强大安全治理合力。再者,通过持续改进和动态调整,完善安全管理策略和措施,以管控常态、非常态、常态与非常态动态演化场景下新旧风险,保障安全与发展的相互促进。
在全球数字经济激烈竞争格局下,合理把握人工智能应用程度与风险防控尺度至关重要,以期激发数实融合新动能、赋能安全生产新引擎[26]。对于本质安全而言,面向人工智能浪潮,应格外注重安全决策所依托数据的隐私保护并提升算法公正性,如加强相关法律法规的制定,明确数据收集、使用和保护的边界;引入多元化数据源,提高算法的泛化能力和鲁棒性。行为安全需要注重智能化作业带来的新型工作资源与工作需求,促进人机环紧耦合系统可持续发展。过程安全需强化人工智能系统对异常状态的检测和处理能力,建立实时监控和预警系统,及时发现并应对潜在的安全风险。功能安全在高可靠性和高容错性系统架构方面,可通过人工智能技术优化冗余设计、故障检测与隔离技术,实现硬件和软件层面的技术创新与融合。
实践是检验真理的唯一标准,四类安全管理范式需在具体实践中持续完善。面向高危行业乃至其他行业领域,需结合行业背景、工种特征等制定与四者相关的法规、标准与具体操作指南,从而为企业与个人提供策略指引与方法支持[27]。另外,环境因素(如温度、照明、湿度等)、机械设备因素(如机械设备智能化程度、操作难易程度等)及个体因素(如安全能力、人格特质、情绪状态等)的差异会产生多元化的安全管理需求,以上风险因素常共同出现且对安全绩效存在复杂影响。基于此,安全决策应充分考虑人、机、环、管方面的风险耦合属性,加强智库建设并推动人、机、环、管对科技产业的赋能,从而进行科学高效的风险管控、隐患治理与事故应急。
1) 本质安全象征着安全的理想化存在形式,涉及最小化、替代、减缓、简化等原则;行为安全是涉及安全科学与行为科学等学科理论与方法的一门交叉性学问,具有以人为本、生命至上、预防为主的基本特征;过程安全在全生命周期内运用系统性方法保护人类、机械设备与环境;功能安全旨在避免由系统功能性故障导致的不可接受的风险。
2) 本质安全理念可视作安全的顶层设计,引领行为安全、过程安全与功能安全在理论与实践层面的有序发展;而行为安全、过程安全与功能安全的发展又促进并完善了本质安全理念的具体实践。四者内在构成统一,均涵盖人、机、环、管4方面要素而关注点各有侧重;四者现行的代表性规范所涉及的行业领域具有针对性与典型性,其核心在于事故预防。
3) 统筹发展和安全应推进4类安全管理范式转换与综合实施,充分发挥四者的安全治理合力。人工智能背景下,四者的基础目标定位、内涵发展、理论建构与规范建设等内容更新是亟待探索的深刻议题,需在各类产业因地制宜的具体实践中持续完善。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(52074302)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
中华人民共和国中央人民政府. 国务院安委会部署开展安全生产治本攻坚三年行动[EB/OL]. (2024-02-05). https://www.gov.cn/lianbo/bumen/202402/content_6930470.htm. https://www.gov.cn/lianbo/bumen/202402/content_6930470.htm
[2]
詹承豫, 高叶, 徐明婧. 系统韧性: 一个统筹发展与安全的核心概念[J]. 广州大学学报:社会科学版, 2022, 21(4): 17-32.
ZHAN Chengyu, GAO Ye, XU Mingjing. System resilience: a core concept of integrated development and security[J]. Journal of Guangzhou University: Social Science Edition, 2022, 21(4): 17-32.
[3]
SONG D, EN S Y, NAMJIN J. A framework and method for the assessment of inherent safety to enhance sustainability in conceptual chemical process design[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2018, 54: 10-17.
[4]
酒江波, 刘尚志, 鞠松霖, 等. 基于本质安全理论的化工过程安全管理研究[J]. 安全与环境工程, 2023, 30(5): 11-18.
JIU Jiangbo, LIU Shangzhi, JU Songlin, et al. Research on chemical process safety management based on inherent safety theory[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering, 2023, 30(5): 11-18.
[5]
ONIFADE M, KHADIJA O S, AMTENGE P S. Safe mining operations through technological advancement[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2023, 175: 251-258.
[6]
SRINIVASAN R, SRINIVASAN B, IQBAL M U, et al. Recent developments towards enhancing process safety: inherent safety and cognitive engineering[J]. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2019, 128: 364-383.
[7]
KLETZ T. What you don't have, can't leak[J]. Tce the Chemical Engineer, 1978, 42: 287-292.
[8]
Center for Chemical Process Safety. Final report: definition for inherently safer technology in production, transportation, storage, and use[EB/OL]. (2024-07-20). https://www.aiche.org/sites/default/files/docs/embedded-pdf/ist_final_definition_report.pdf. https://www.aiche.org/sites/default/files/docs/embedded-pdf/ist_final_definition_report.pdf
[9]
GB/T 15236 — 2008, 职业安全卫生术语[S].
GB/T 15236-2008, Occupational safety and health glossary[S].
[10]
GELLER E S. Behavior-based safety in industry: realizing the large-scale potential of psychology to promote human welfare[J]. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 2001, 10(2): 87-105.
[11]
傅贵, 张苏, 董继业, 等. 行为安全的理论实质与效果讨论[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2013, 23(3): 150-154.
FU Gui, ZHANG Su, DONG Jiye, et al. Discussions on theoretical understanding and effects of behavior based safety[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2013, 23(3): 150-154.
[12]
Center for Chemical Process Safety. CCPS process safety glossary[EB/OL].(2024-07-09). https://www.aiche.org/ccps/resources/glossary. https://www.aiche.org/ccps/resources/glossary
[13]
European Process Safety Centre. Industry working together on process safety[EB/OL]. (2024-07-09). https://epsc.be/Documents/EPSC+PS+Fundamentals.html. https://epsc.be/Documents/EPSC+PS+Fundamentals.html
[14]
KLEIN J A, BRUCE K V. Process safety: key concepts and practical approaches[M]. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2017: 57.
[15]
IEC 61508-1: 1998, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems-part 1: general requirements[S].
[16]
ISO 26262-1: 2011, Road vehicles-functional safety part 1: vocabulary[S].
[17]
GELLER E S. Psychological science and safety: large-scale success at preventing occupational injuries and fatalities[J]. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2011, 20(2): 109-114.
[18]
佟瑞鹏, 王彪, 孙宁昊, 等. 行为追溯安全培训法(ACT)理论构建与应用[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(8): 24-29.
TONG Ruipeng, WANG Biao, SUN Ninghao, et al. Theoretical construction and application of accident-cause-training method[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(8): 24-29.
[19]
MANNAN M S, REYES V O, JAIN P, et al. The evolution of process safety: current status and future direction[J]. Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2016, 7(1): 135-162.
[20]
王露露, 尘兴邦, 袁嘉淙, 等. 职业心理学视域下矿工不安全行为研究综述[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(1): 48-55.
WANG Lulu, CHEN Xingbang, YUAN Jiacong, et al. Review of research on miners' unsafe behaviors in perspective of occupational psychology[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(1): 48-55.
[21]
ZACHARAKI A, KOSTAVELIS I, GASTERATOS A, et al. Safety bounds in human robot interaction: a survey[J]. Safety Science, 2020, 127:DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104667.
[22]
钟开斌. 统筹高质量发展和高水平安全: 何以必要与何以可能[J]. 中共中央党校(国家行政学院)学报, 2024, 28(1): 41-48.
ZHONG Kaibin. Ensuring both high-quality development and high-level security: why is it necessary and how is it possible[J]. Journal of the Party School of the Central Committee of the C.P.C.(Chinese Academy of Governance), 2024, 28(1): 41-48.
[23]
林伟. 人工智能数据安全风险及应对[J]. 情报杂志, 2022, 41(10): 105-111,88.
LIN Wei. Artificial intelligence data security risks and countermeasures[J]. Journal of Intelligence, 2022, 41(10): 105-111,88.
[24]
佟瑞鹏, 王露露, 胡向阳, 等. 安全软科学研究追溯与展望: 内涵、外延与挑战[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(4): 1-8.
TONG Ruipeng, WANG Lulu, HU Xiangyang, et al. Review and prospect of safety soft science research: connotation, extension and challenge[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(4): 1-8.
[25]
陈向阳. 以新安全格局保障新发展格局: 双治理与双循环[J]. 人民论坛·学术前沿, 2023(19): 22-28.
CHEN Xiangyang. Safeguard China's new pattern of development with new security architecture: dual governance and dual circulation[J]. Frontiers, 2023(19): 22-28.
[26]
SHAH I A, SUKHDEV M. Artificial intelligence in advancing occupational health and safety: an encapsulation of developments[J]. Journal of Occupational Health, 2024, 66(1): DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiad017.
[27]
DERDOWSKI L A, MATHISEN G E. Psychosocial factors and safety in high-risk industries: a systematic literature review[J]. Safety Science, 2023, 157: DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105948.
2025年第35卷第1期
PDF下载
580
250
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.1045
  • 接收时间:2024-08-17
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-17
  • 修回日期:2024-10-18
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(52074302)
作者信息
    1 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083
    2 中国劳动关系学院 安全工程学院,北京 100048

通讯作者:

**许素睿(1978—),女,河南西平人,博士研究生,副教授,主要研究方向为行为安全、安全管理、工伤保险等。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.1045
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏