Article(id=1277328359931638476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1277328335906669390, articleNumber=1003-3033(2026)05-0113-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0982, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1766505600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-24, revisedDate=1773504000000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782468412620, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1779897600000, pubDateStr=2026-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782468412620, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782468412620, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782468412620, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277328335906669390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2026', volume='36', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='318', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779897600000', pubDateStr='2026-05-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782468406892, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782867658151, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1279002917143286724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1277328335906669390, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1279002917143286725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1277328335906669390, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=113, endPage=121, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277328360267182798, articleId=1277328359931638476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Influence of pipelines wear by mine backfill slurry based on CFD-DEM method, columnId=1277328337617941059, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety Technology and Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To prevent safety accidents such as bursting and leakage caused by wear in mine filling pipelines, CFD-DEM was employed to investigate the wear characteristics of filling slurries on pipelines. An L-shaped pipeline and a solid-liquid two-phase flow model were constructed to conduct numerical simulation experiments. Particle size (0.001-0.1 mm), slurry solid volume fraction (60%-80%), and slurry flow velocity (2-6 m/s) were used as variable parameters to explore the maximum wear rate of the pipeline under different conditions. The results indicate that both particle size and solid volume fraction exhibit a nonlinear relationship with the maximum wear rate. At a particle size of 0.1 mm, the maximum wear rate is 13.4 × 10-5 kg/m2. There is a critical solid volume fraction of 70%, at which the maximum wear rate was 7.15 × 10-5 kg/m2; beyond this value, the wear rate tended to stabilize. The slurry flow velocity shows a linear relationship with the maximum wear rate; at a flow velocity of 7 m/s, the maximum wear rate is 8.25 × 10-6 kg/m2. The influence of each parameter on pipeline wear was ranked as follows: particle size > solid volume fraction > slurry flow velocity. The interaction between particle size and solid volume fraction has the most significant impact, followed by the interaction between solid volume fraction and slurry flow velocity, while the interaction between particle size and slurry flow velocity had the least effect.

, authors=Wen He1, 2, Gengfeng He1, authorsList=Wen He, Gengfeng He, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277328364646036204, articleId=1277328359931638476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=基于CFD-DEM法的矿山充填料浆对管道磨损的影响, columnId=1277328337940902469, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全技术与工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为预防矿山充填管道因磨损引发的爆裂、泄漏等安全事故,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)-离散元(DEM)耦合方法,研究充填料浆对管道磨损的影响特征。构建L型管道和固液两相流模型,开展数值模拟试验,以颗粒粒径(0.001~0.1 mm)、料浆固相体积分数(60%~80%)和料浆流速(2~6 m/s)为试验中充填料浆的变化参数,探究不同颗粒粒径、料浆固相体积分数和料浆流速下管道的最大磨损率。结果表明:颗粒粒径及料浆固相体积分数与管道最大磨损率呈非线性关系,0.1 mm粒径时管道的最大磨损率为13.4×10-5 kg/m2;料浆固相体积分数存在临界值70%,其最大磨损率为7.15×10-5 kg/m2,超过该固相体积分数后管道磨损趋于稳定;料浆流速与管道最大磨损率呈线性关系,流速7 m/s时,最大磨损率为8.25×10-6 kg/m2。各参数对管道磨损影响的大小依次为:颗粒粒径 > 料浆固相体积分数 >料浆流速;颗粒粒径与料浆固相体积分数的交互作用影响最大,料浆固相体积分数和料浆流速的交互作用次之,颗粒粒径和料浆流速交互作用影响最小。

, authors=何文1, 2, 何耿烽1, authorsList=何文, 何耿烽, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

何 文 (1981—),男,广东中山人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿山开采灾害监测预警、应力波理论及试验技术、充填理论及工艺、结构健康诊断及无损检测等方面的研究。E-mail:

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何 文 (1981—),男,广东中山人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿山开采灾害监测预警、应力波理论及试验技术、充填理论及工艺、结构健康诊断及无损检测等方面的研究。E-mail:

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何 文 (1981—),男,广东中山人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿山开采灾害监测预警、应力波理论及试验技术、充填理论及工艺、结构健康诊断及无损检测等方面的研究。E-mail:

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Mining Machinery, 2016, 44 (2): 35-39., articleTitle=Analysis on pipeline abrasion based on FLUENT and study on side exchange laws, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1278415732916589081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328359931638476, awardId=20202BBG73001, language=CN, fundingSource=江西省重点研发计划项目(20202BBG73001), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1278415722254668245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328359931638476, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1278415722267251158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328359931638476, companyId=1278415722254668245, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Mining Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1278415722275639767, 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Slurry parameter design

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方案 基准参数1 基准参数2 目标参数取值
1 固相体积
分数:60%
流速:2 m/s 粒径:
0.001~0.1 mm
2 流速:2 m/s 粒径:0.005 mm 固相体积分
数:60%~75%
3 固相体积
分数:65%
粒径:0.005 mm 流速:2~7 m/s
), ArticleFig(id=1278415732115477008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328359931638476, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

料浆参数设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 基准参数1 基准参数2 目标参数取值
1 固相体积
分数:60%
流速:2 m/s 粒径:
0.001~0.1 mm
2 流速:2 m/s 粒径:0.005 mm 固相体积分
数:60%~75%
3 固相体积
分数:65%
粒径:0.005 mm 流速:2~7 m/s
), ArticleFig(id=1278415732186780177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328359931638476, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Relationship between flow rate and slurry mass concentration

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Q1/(kg/s) Qs/(kg/s) Qc/%
13.47 20.205 60
13.47 25.0157 65
13.47 31.43 70
13.47 40.41 75
13.47 53.88 80
), ArticleFig(id=1278415732258083346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328359931638476, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

流量与料浆固相体积分数的关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Q1/(kg/s) Qs/(kg/s) Qc/%
13.47 20.205 60
13.47 25.0157 65
13.47 31.43 70
13.47 40.41 75
13.47 53.88 80
), ArticleFig(id=1278415732333580819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328359931638476, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

RSM parameter design and simulation results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验点 H/
mm
I/
%
J/
(m/s)
管壁最大磨损率
Y/10-6 (kg/m2)
1 0.001 60 3 2.04
2 0.01 60 3 8.28
3 0.001 75 3 2.56
4 0.01 75 3 12.1
5 0.001 65 2 0.995
6 0.01 65 2 8.22
7 0.001 65 5 1.15
8 0.01 65 5 9.99
9 0.005 60 2 4.65
10 0.005 75 2 7.15
11 0.005 60 5 9.10
12 0.005 75 5 11.0
13 0.005 65 3 7.15
), ArticleFig(id=1278415732400689684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328359931638476, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

RSM参数设计与模拟结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验点 H/
mm
I/
%
J/
(m/s)
管壁最大磨损率
Y/10-6 (kg/m2)
1 0.001 60 3 2.04
2 0.01 60 3 8.28
3 0.001 75 3 2.56
4 0.01 75 3 12.1
5 0.001 65 2 0.995
6 0.01 65 2 8.22
7 0.001 65 5 1.15
8 0.01 65 5 9.99
9 0.005 60 2 4.65
10 0.005 75 2 7.15
11 0.005 60 5 9.10
12 0.005 75 5 11.0
13 0.005 65 3 7.15
), ArticleFig(id=1278415732505547285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328359931638476, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of variance table

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来源 自由度 显著值 概率值
模型 9 45.86 0.000 2
检验误差 3 3.24 0.22
纯误差 2
), ArticleFig(id=1278415732610404886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328359931638476, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源 自由度 显著值 概率值
模型 9 45.86 0.000 2
检验误差 3 3.24 0.22
纯误差 2
), ArticleFig(id=1278415732690096663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328359931638476, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Model coefficient results

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系数值 标准误差 单项影响值 概率值
H 3.56 0.15 23.73 <0.000 1
I 1.22 0.15 8.13 0.0004
J 0.45 0.15 3.00 0.030
HI 0.85 0.21 4.05 0.010
HJ 0.32 0.21 1.52 0.042
IJ 0.67 0.21 3.19 0.008
), ArticleFig(id=1278415732769788440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328359931638476, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

模型系数结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系数值 标准误差 单项影响值 概率值
H 3.56 0.15 23.73 <0.000 1
I 1.22 0.15 8.13 0.0004
J 0.45 0.15 3.00 0.030
HI 0.85 0.21 4.05 0.010
HJ 0.32 0.21 1.52 0.042
IJ 0.67 0.21 3.19 0.008
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基于CFD-DEM法的矿山充填料浆对管道磨损的影响
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何文 1, 2 , 何耿烽 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全技术与工程 2026,36(5): 113-121
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中国安全科学学报 |安全技术与工程 2026 , 36 (5) : 113 -121
基于CFD-DEM法的矿山充填料浆对管道磨损的影响
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何文1, 2 , 何耿烽1
作者信息
  • 1 江西理工大学 矿业工程学院, 江西 赣州 341000
  • 2 江西理工大学 稀有金属资源安全高效开采江西省重点实验室, 江西 赣州 341000
作者简介:

何 文 (1981—),男,广东中山人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿山开采灾害监测预警、应力波理论及试验技术、充填理论及工艺、结构健康诊断及无损检测等方面的研究。E-mail:

Influence of pipelines wear by mine backfill slurry based on CFD-DEM method
Wen He1, 2 , Gengfeng He1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Mining Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000, China
  • 2 Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Safe and Efficient Mining of Rare Metal Resources, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000, China
出版时间: 2026-05-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0982
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为预防矿山充填管道因磨损引发的爆裂、泄漏等安全事故,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)-离散元(DEM)耦合方法,研究充填料浆对管道磨损的影响特征。构建L型管道和固液两相流模型,开展数值模拟试验,以颗粒粒径(0.001~0.1 mm)、料浆固相体积分数(60%~80%)和料浆流速(2~6 m/s)为试验中充填料浆的变化参数,探究不同颗粒粒径、料浆固相体积分数和料浆流速下管道的最大磨损率。结果表明:颗粒粒径及料浆固相体积分数与管道最大磨损率呈非线性关系,0.1 mm粒径时管道的最大磨损率为13.4×10-5 kg/m2;料浆固相体积分数存在临界值70%,其最大磨损率为7.15×10-5 kg/m2,超过该固相体积分数后管道磨损趋于稳定;料浆流速与管道最大磨损率呈线性关系,流速7 m/s时,最大磨损率为8.25×10-6 kg/m2。各参数对管道磨损影响的大小依次为:颗粒粒径 > 料浆固相体积分数 >料浆流速;颗粒粒径与料浆固相体积分数的交互作用影响最大,料浆固相体积分数和料浆流速的交互作用次之,颗粒粒径和料浆流速交互作用影响最小。

计算流体动力学(CFD)-离散元(DEM)  /  矿山  /  充填料浆  /  管道磨损  /  料浆流速  /  颗粒粒径  /  固相体积分数

To prevent safety accidents such as bursting and leakage caused by wear in mine filling pipelines, CFD-DEM was employed to investigate the wear characteristics of filling slurries on pipelines. An L-shaped pipeline and a solid-liquid two-phase flow model were constructed to conduct numerical simulation experiments. Particle size (0.001-0.1 mm), slurry solid volume fraction (60%-80%), and slurry flow velocity (2-6 m/s) were used as variable parameters to explore the maximum wear rate of the pipeline under different conditions. The results indicate that both particle size and solid volume fraction exhibit a nonlinear relationship with the maximum wear rate. At a particle size of 0.1 mm, the maximum wear rate is 13.4 × 10-5 kg/m2. There is a critical solid volume fraction of 70%, at which the maximum wear rate was 7.15 × 10-5 kg/m2; beyond this value, the wear rate tended to stabilize. The slurry flow velocity shows a linear relationship with the maximum wear rate; at a flow velocity of 7 m/s, the maximum wear rate is 8.25 × 10-6 kg/m2. The influence of each parameter on pipeline wear was ranked as follows: particle size > solid volume fraction > slurry flow velocity. The interaction between particle size and solid volume fraction has the most significant impact, followed by the interaction between solid volume fraction and slurry flow velocity, while the interaction between particle size and slurry flow velocity had the least effect.

computational fluid dynamics(CFD)-discrete element method (DEM)  /  mines  /  backfill slurry  /  pipeline wear  /  slurry flow velocity  /  particle size  /  solid volume fraction
何文, 何耿烽. 基于CFD-DEM法的矿山充填料浆对管道磨损的影响. 中国安全科学学报, 2026 , 36 (5) : 113 -121 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0982
Wen He, Gengfeng He. Influence of pipelines wear by mine backfill slurry based on CFD-DEM method[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026 , 36 (5) : 113 -121 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0982
尾砂胶结充填技术已在矿山领域获得广泛应用,但随之而来的充填管道磨损问题日趋突出,严重威胁矿山安全生产。为解决充填管道磨损这一难题,国内外学者从多个维度开展研究,发现弯管部位是磨损最为严重的区域,尤其在外侧特定角度存在显著磨损集中现象[1-2],但这些研究主要关注磨损位置分布,未能分析尾砂料浆在不同运动参数下的磨损状态;在料浆参数方面,研究得出颗粒粒径增大导致磨损加剧[3-5],管道的磨损主要通过颗粒自重增强对管壁的冲蚀作用;料浆输送速度提高同样会使管道磨损程度加重[6-8];而固相体积分数等参数也被证实对磨损行为具有重要影响,其中,磨损速率随固相体积分数增加呈减小趋势[9-10];在管道结构参数方面,管径大小被认为是影响磨损分布的关键因素,较大管径通常对应较小的管道磨损[11-12]。此外,研究发现压力损失与管径呈二次多项式关系,压力在不同规格管径下存在最大值[13-14];在研究方法上,数值模拟已成为揭示磨损特征的重要手段。童政钢[15]及石宏伟[16]等采用Fluent软件获取磨损云图,研究了深井矿山自流充填工况下的管道磨损。黄玉诚[17]和宋学朋[18]等分别从动力学模拟与风险评价维度模型中研究了充填管道磨损特征。然而,当前研究大多局限于单因素分析,并未考虑多参数间的交互作用对管道磨损的综合影响;单纯的Fluent单向流模型难以观察到管道颗粒与管壁以及颗粒与颗粒之间的碰撞关系[19-20]
鉴于此,笔者拟以江西某金属矿充填管道为工程背景,建立计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)-离散元(Discrete Element Method,DEM)耦合数值模型,研究料浆颗粒粒径、固相体积分数和流速3个参数对管道磨损的影响特征;通过响应曲面法研究料浆的单参数及多参数耦合对管道磨损的敏感性,以期为管道安全运行提供理论依据。
江西某金属矿充填系统如图1所示,图1中,充填管道的L型管道为连接地面和各中段采空区的关键位置,文中主要研究该位置的磨损情况。
基于工程实际建立L型管道模型,如图2所示,料浆中流体域连续相用Fluent生成,料浆中颗粒离散相由DEM仿真软件实现。
图2中,L1为L型管道的垂直段,L2为水平段,管道材料为Q345钢,密度7 800 kg/m3,泊松比0.27。料浆类型为高固相体积分数尾砂胶结充填料浆(料浆固相体积分数在60%以上)。料浆材料为尾砂(密度为2 180 kg/m3,泊松比为0.25)、水泥(密度为3 030 kg/m3,泊松比为0.21)、工业用水。
引入最大磨损率来表征管道内部的磨损程度。最大磨损率是在特定参数下,单位面积磨损表面在整个充填时间内所损失材料的最大质量(kg/m2),在Fluent中最大磨损率的表达式为:
$ m_{t}=\int^{t} \dot{m}_{\mathrm{e}} \mathrm{~d} t=\int_{0}^{t}\left(\frac{\mathrm{~d} m}{\mathrm{~d} t} / A_{\mathrm{f}}\right) \mathrm{d} t$
式中:mt为最大磨损率,kg/m2;t为整个充填时间,s;me为单位时间内材料损失质量,kg;m为整个充填时间内材料损失总质量,kg;Af为单位面积,m2
由文献[6]可知:CFD-DEM数值模型通过将CFD的Fluent与DEM方法的Edem相结合,精确模拟充填料浆在管道内的流动行为及其对管壁的磨损效应。
CFD部分负责描述流体的连续相,即充填料浆的整体流动特性。通过求解N-S方程,获得流体在管道内的速度场、压力分布等关键参数,根据文献[11],高固相体积分数尾砂浆体为非牛顿流体,故其连续相采用Bingham模型计算,塑性黏度为12 Pa·s,屈服应力为280 Pa;DEM部分则专注于模拟充填料浆中的离散颗粒相。每个颗粒的运动轨迹通过牛顿第二定律求解,为实现CFD与DEM的耦合,需在两者之间建立有效的数据交换机制。CFD计算出的动能作为 DEM中颗粒运动的外部驱动力,而DEM计算出的颗粒位置和速度则反馈给CFD,以更新流体的边界条件。这种双向耦合机制确保了模型的准确性和可靠性。
采用单一控制变量法分别计算充填料浆颗粒粒径、固相体积分数和流速3种参数对管道所造成磨损的影响,参数选择主要依据充填工艺的工业标准与临界流变特性。
料浆颗粒粒径的取值范围为0.001~0.1 mm。其中,0.1 mm粒径作为上限,是常见分级尾砂的切割点,大于此粒径的粗砂通常被分离出去用于制作井下充填骨料,以防止管道堵塞,0.1 mm粒径是保证料浆可泵性的关键尺寸。下限小于0.001 mm的尾砂中含有大量粉粒和黏粒,这些极细颗粒会显著增大料浆黏度,不利于料浆流动。该选取范围能够覆盖从易沉降到完全悬浮过渡的临界区域。
固相体积分数设定为60%~75%。60%作为下限,低于该值料浆中的固体颗粒沉降严重,会出现析水沉降,导致管道中形成不均匀流。75%作为上限,是目前高压充填和泵送技术中常见的矿山最大固相体积分数。超过此值,料浆黏度过大,需要更高的启泵压力和输送压力。
料浆流速的取值范围为2~7 m/s。2 m/s为临界沉降流速,低于此值固体颗粒开始沉降,在管道底部形成床层,导致管道产生极度不均匀的磨损。7 m/s为工业上普遍接受的经济流速上限,超过此值,磨损率呈指数级增长,管道寿命大幅缩短,管道更换成本将远高于泵送节省的能耗。
参数范围选定后,在数值试验中固定其他2组参数为基准参数,通过试验单变量调节目标参数,得到关于该目标参数不同取值下的管道最大磨损率,具体料浆参数设计见表1
网格数量与网格长宽比是影响数值模拟精度的关键因素。选用3 ~7 mm的六面体单元划分图2的管道模型网格。采用粒径0.05 mm和固相体积分数65%的料浆,以2 m/s流速模拟管道输送,得到单元尺寸对管道最大磨损率的影响曲线,如图3所示。
图3可知:随着单元尺寸的减小,管道的最大磨损率呈增长趋势,当单元尺寸为3 mm左右时,最大磨损率趋于稳定。所以采用3 mm的单元划分模型,自动调节管道弯曲部位网格疏密度,网格长宽比评估超过0.8,符合模拟计算时网格规定质量。L型管道网格模型如图4所示。
时间步长是影响模拟结果准确性的重要参数。对不同时间步长下的数值结果进行收敛性分析[6],初始时间步长设置为0.1 s,逐步减半进行对比计算,直至相邻2次模拟结果无明显差异,此时,计算结果达到收敛且时间步长设置合理。
图5为时间步长对管道最大磨损率的影响曲线。由图5可知:时间步长越短,对磨损过程的捕捉越精确;随着时间步长继续减小,直至接近0.001 s时,最大磨损率趋于稳定。因此选取0.001 s作为数值模拟的时间步长。
基于表1方案1模拟管道输送,得到4种不同颗粒粒径下的L型管道磨损云图,如图6所示。由图6可知:L1段与弯管交汇处磨损最严重;随着颗粒粒径增大,磨损向L2段迁移。弯管部位磨损方式发生改变,图6a中,整个弯管部位都存在磨损,图6b中,磨损开始聚焦弯管外壁,图6c中,弯管外壁形成了流线型磨损,图6d中,弯管及L2段均出现流线型磨损。由此推断,随着颗粒粒径增大,管道磨损已从全面覆盖转变为集中于弯管及水平管的局部冲刷。
统计模拟结果,得到料浆颗粒粒径对L型管道最大磨损率的影响特征,如图7所示。由图7可知:管道最大磨损率与颗粒粒径呈二次非线性关系。颗粒粒径由0增加到0.1 mm过程中,管道的最大磨损率呈加速上升趋势,表明颗粒粒径越大,料浆对管道的磨损越严重。在颗粒粒径达到0.1 mm时,最大磨损率达到1.34×10-4 kg/m2。因此,研磨尾砂颗粒,适当降低其粒径,可减小料浆对管道的磨损。
矿山中尾砂胶结充填料浆的固相体积分数一般为60%~80%,所以针对固相体积分数在60%以上的料浆开展管道输送模拟。在CFD-DEM耦合分析中,料浆固相体积分数主要以生成颗粒的流量表示,料浆固相体积分数公式为:
$ C=\left(\frac{Q_{\mathrm{s}}}{Q_{\mathrm{s}}+Q_{1}}\right) \times 100 \%$
式中:C为固相体积分数,%;Qs为固体颗粒的流量,kg/s;Ql为液体的流量,kg/s。
在Fluent中液体的流量由液体流速转化而成,计算见下式:
$ Q_{l}=\rho \cdot A \cdot V$
式中:ρ为液体密度,kg/m3;A为管道流量面积,m2;V为液体流速,m/s。在DEM仿真软件中可自行设置颗粒质量流量。
综上,通过相同时间内液体和固体的流量得出料浆固相体积分数,流量与料浆固相体积分数关系见表2
基于表2数据模拟管道输送,得到4种不同料浆固相体积分数下L型管道磨损云图,如图8所示。由图8可知:L1段与弯管交汇处磨损最严重。随着料浆固相体积分数的增大,弯管与L1段管道磨损呈上升趋势。对比图8a图8d可知:弯管与L2段交汇处的磨损有所增强;图8a中,该处开始出现磨损迹象;图8b中,磨损由L2段向弯管延伸;图8c中,该区域的磨损已变得明显;至图8d时,磨损已开始覆盖整个交汇区域。由此推断,固相体积分数越大,料浆从弯管进入水平管下壁面磨损越大;对比图8c图8d发现,料浆固相体积分数从70%增加到75%时,最大磨损率趋于稳定。
统计模拟结果,得到料浆固相体积分数对L型管道最大磨损率的影响特征,如图9所示。由图9可知:管道最大磨损率与料浆固相体积分数呈多次非线性关系。料浆固相体积分数为60%时,管道最大磨损率为4.65×10-6 kg/m2;料浆固相体积分数在60%~70%范围内,随着固相体积分数的增加,最大磨损率逐渐增大;料浆固相体积分数为70%时,最大磨损率达到7.06×10-6 kg/m2,此后,固相体积分数继续增加,最大磨损率趋于稳定。因此,在保障充填体强度的前提下,适当降低充填料浆固相体积分数可减少管道磨损率。
基于表1中方案3模拟管道输送,得到4种不同料浆流速下的L型管道磨损云图,如图10所示。由图10可知:L1段与弯管交汇处磨损最为严重,且磨损程度随流速的增加而增强。结合图10a图10d发现,随着流速增大,磨损趋于集中,图10a弯管磨损集中与中段部位,图10b图10c该处磨损向中线聚拢,图10d该处磨损已形成长流线状,说明流速越大,料浆中颗粒会沿同一位置聚集流动。
统计模拟结果,得到料浆流速对L型管道最大磨损率的影响特征,如图11所示。由图11可知:管道最大磨损率与料浆流速呈线性递增关系。在料浆流速为2 m/s时,管道最大磨损率为5.54×10-6 kg/m2;流速为7 m/s时,管道最大磨损率为8.25×10-6 kg/m2。因此,在保障料浆不会因流速过大而造成固液分流的前提下,适当降低充填料浆的流速可减小管道磨损。
采用响应曲面法(Response Surface Methodology,RSM)[4]对数值模拟结果进行敏感性分析,根据表1料浆参数的取值范围确定低中高3个单一变量,颗粒粒径H:低(0.001 mm)、中(0.005 mm)、高(0.01 mm); 料浆固相体积分数I:低(60%)、中(65%)、高(75%); 料浆流速J:低(2 m/s)、中(3 m/s)、高(5 m/s)。其RSM参数设计与模拟结果见表3
设计3因子(HIJ)3水平,试验点包含中心点(第13号点),适合用二次模型拟合。
拟合的模型形式为:
$ \begin{array}{c}Y=\beta_{0}+\beta_{1} H+\beta_{2} I+\beta_{3} J+\beta_{11} H^{2}+ \\\beta_{22} I^{2}+\beta_{33} J^{2}+\beta_{12} H I+\beta_{13} H J+\beta_{23} I J\end{array}$
式中:Y为管壁最大磨损率,10-6 kg/m2,是模型预测的响应变量;β0为常数,表示所有因素取基准值时的响应基准水平;β1β2β3为一次项系数,分别表示因素HIJ对响应Y的主效应强度;β11β22β33为二次项系数,分别表示因素HIJ的非线性效应强度;β12β13β23为交互项系数,分别表示因素对H-IH-JI-J 之间的交互效应强度;HIJ为3个试验因素。
综上模拟数据得到方差分析中自由度、显著值及概率值,结果见表4
表4可知:模型显著值为45.86,概率值为0.000 2,其值远小于0.05,模型整体显著性较强。检验误差的概率值为0.22,其值不显著,说明模型拟合良好,该模型适用于RSM分析。采用中心复合设计法(Central Composite Design,CCD)通过多元回归分析得到关于各参数单项、交互项的系数值、标准误差、单项影响值及概率值,其模型系数结果见表5
表5可知:单参数及多参数概率值均<0.05,说明3因子对Y均有显著影响。H的概率值<0.000 1,影响最显著,其次是I,最后为J,所以单参数对管道磨损影响大小排序为:颗粒粒径>料浆固相体积分数>料浆流速;多参数交互项HJ的单项影响值为1.52、概率值为0.042,高H和高J对管道磨损影响最小。IJ的单项影响值为3.19、概率值为0.008,高I和高J影响次之。HI的单项影响值为4.05、概率值为0.010,高H和高I对管道磨损影响最大。
对多参数交互项进行响应曲面及等高线统计,结果如图12图13所示。由图12a图13a可知:将颗粒粒径控制在0.001 mm、料浆固相体积分数维持在60%~70%区间内,磨损较小;由图12b图13b可知:当料浆固相体积分数固定为65%时,最大磨损率主要受颗粒粒径影响;由图12c图13c可知:当颗粒粒径固定为0.005 mm时,高固相体积分数与高流速的组合导致最大磨损率为11.0×10-6 kg/m2。结合等高线图分析可知:HI交互作用影响最大,IJ交互作用次之,HJ交互作用影响最小。
1) 充填管道最大磨损率与料浆颗粒粒径、料浆固相体积分数呈非线性关系,与料浆流速呈线性关系。料浆颗粒粒径在0.1 mm时,磨损率达到峰值13.4×10-5 kg/m2;料浆固相体积分数在60%时,磨损率降低至最小值4.65×10-6 kg/m2,固相体积分数超过70%后磨损率趋于稳定;料浆流速在2 m/s时磨损率最小值为5.54×10-6 kg/m2
2) 分析响应曲面法得出,料浆颗粒粒径对管道磨损影响最大,单因素敏感性排序为:料浆颗粒粒径>料浆固相体积分数>料浆流速。
3) 响应面及等高线图发现,颗粒粒径与料浆固相体积分数交互项贡献率最高,在矿山充填工程中,应优化颗粒粒径与料浆固相体积分数,以降低管道的磨损,延迟服役寿命。
4) 文中研究侧重于优化料浆参数,降低其对管道磨损的影响,后期将进一步研究料浆参数和管道结构(管径和曲率半径)耦合作用对管道磨损的影响特征。
  • 江西省重点研发计划项目(20202BBG73001)
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2026年第36卷第5期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0982
  • 接收时间:2025-12-24
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2026-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-24
  • 修回日期:2026-03-15
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江西省重点研发计划项目(20202BBG73001)
作者信息
    1 江西理工大学 矿业工程学院, 江西 赣州 341000
    2 江西理工大学 稀有金属资源安全高效开采江西省重点实验室, 江西 赣州 341000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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