Article(id=1278415537847910969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1277328335906669390, articleNumber=1003-3033(2026)05-0215-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0504, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1768320000000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-14, revisedDate=1773244800000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782727616034, onlineDateStr=2026-06-29, pubDate=1779897600000, pubDateStr=2026-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782727616034, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782727616034, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782727616034, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277328335906669390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2026', volume='36', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='318', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779897600000', pubDateStr='2026-05-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782468406892, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782867658151, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1279002917143286724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1277328335906669390, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1279002917143286725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1277328335906669390, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=215, endPage=223, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1278415538812600890, articleId=1278415537847910969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Intelligent design and application of high-level boreholes for pressure-relief gas drainage in coal seam mining, columnId=1277328337617941059, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety Technology and Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To solve the problems of large error of layout parameters and low extraction efficiency of artificially designed high-level gas extraction boreholes, a high-gas mine in Xinjiang was taken as the research object. A design method for pressure-relief gas high-level extraction boreholes based on two-dimensional physical similarity simulation and an intelligent system was proposed. Through the two-dimensional physical similarity simulation test, the evolution characteristics of the horizontal and vertical fractures of the overlying rock were revealed. Additionally, the geometric boundary between the gas migration area (maximum height 36.7 m, maximum width 22.7 m) and the reservoir area (maximum height 26 m, maximum width 17 m) was accurately divided, and the spatial evolution characteristics of gas occurrence were clarified. Based on Python language, the intelligent system of high-level gas extraction borehole was developed, and the 3D geological model is constructed by integrating OpenGL technology. Combined with the parameters such as the horizontal distance between the borehole end point and the opening point, the azimuth angle and the final hole height, the borehole layout parameters (azimuth angle, inclination angle and length) were automatically generated by the self-developed parameter calculation system. Subsequently, the borehole trajectory was simulated by the visual demonstration system. It is shown by the application that the final hole position of the borehole designed by this system is accurately located in the upper part of the caving zone and the middle and lower part of the fracture zone. The gas extraction concentration of 2 # drilling field is recorded at 6.52%—10.94%, which is found to be 2.52%-5.19% higher than that achieved by the traditional method

, authors=Yibo Zhang1, Pengxiang Zhao1, 2, 3, **, Shugang Li1, 2, Haifei Lin1, 2, Hongxing Sun4, Yuanjia Liu5, authorsList=Yibo Zhang, Pengxiang Zhao, Shugang Li, Haifei Lin, Hongxing Sun, Yuanjia Liu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Pengxiang Zhao, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1278415551273878099, articleId=1278415537847910969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=煤层开采卸压瓦斯高位抽采孔智能设计及应用, columnId=1277328337940902469, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全技术与工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决人工设计高位瓦斯抽采钻孔布置参数误差大、抽采效率低的问题,以新疆某高瓦斯矿井为研究对象,提出一种基于二维物理相似模拟与智能系统的卸压瓦斯高位抽采孔设计思路。通过二维物理相似模拟试验,揭示覆岩横纵向裂隙联动演化特征,精准划分瓦斯运移区(最大高度36.7 m、最大宽度22.7 m)与储集区(最大高度26 m、最大宽度17 m)的几何边界,明确瓦斯赋存空间演化特征。基于Python语言开发高位瓦斯抽采钻孔智能系统,融合OpenGL技术构建3D地质模型,结合钻孔终点与开孔点平距、方位角及终孔高度等参数,通过自主研发的参数计算系统自动生成钻孔布置参数(方位角、倾角、长度),并利用可视化演示系统模拟钻孔轨迹。结果表明:该系统设计的钻孔终孔位置精准位于垮落带上部、断裂带中下部,2号钻场瓦斯抽采体积分数达6.52%~10.94%,较传统方法提高2.52%~5.19%。

, authors=张艺波1, 赵鹏翔1, 2, 3, **, 李树刚1, 2, 林海飞1, 2, 孙红星4, 刘元嘉5, authorsList=张艺波, 赵鹏翔, 李树刚, 林海飞, 孙红星, 刘元嘉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵鹏翔, authorNote=

张艺波 (1998—),男,陕西宝鸡人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为瓦斯智能抽采。E-mail:

李树刚 教授。

林海飞 教授。

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** 赵鹏翔(1987—),男,甘肃兰州人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事煤层开采多场耦合理与瓦斯防治技术方面的研究。E-mail:
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张艺波 (1998—),男,陕西宝鸡人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为瓦斯智能抽采。E-mail:

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李树刚 教授。

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李树刚 教授。

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Division of overlying strata

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不同分区 区域特征
不规则垮落区 该区域内瓦斯渗流通道是近似各向同性的多孔介质,岩层破坏变形程度以垮落为主,覆岩裂隙下沉量,贯通度发育显著
规则垮落区 该区域内瓦斯渗流通道主要以裂缝为主,包括沿层面的断裂缝和层间的离层裂缝,该区域内岩层破坏变形程度以垮落为主,覆岩裂隙下沉量较大,贯通度发育显著
裂隙
破断裂隙
密集区
该区域内瓦斯升浮优势通道发育完善,瓦斯升浮容易,破断裂隙较多,连通性好,透气性良好,贯通度较为显著
离层裂隙
密集区
该区域内瓦斯升浮优势通道发育较为完善,瓦斯升浮逐渐困难,破断裂隙较少,连通性、透气性一般,覆岩裂隙下沉量较小,贯通度发育微弱
微小裂隙区 该区域内瓦斯升浮优势通道发育差,瓦斯以水平扩散运移为主,裂隙发育特征多为小型离层裂隙,覆岩裂隙下沉量最小
), ArticleFig(id=1278415564611764902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415537847910969, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

采动覆岩裂隙分区

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不同分区 区域特征
不规则垮落区 该区域内瓦斯渗流通道是近似各向同性的多孔介质,岩层破坏变形程度以垮落为主,覆岩裂隙下沉量,贯通度发育显著
规则垮落区 该区域内瓦斯渗流通道主要以裂缝为主,包括沿层面的断裂缝和层间的离层裂缝,该区域内岩层破坏变形程度以垮落为主,覆岩裂隙下沉量较大,贯通度发育显著
裂隙
破断裂隙
密集区
该区域内瓦斯升浮优势通道发育完善,瓦斯升浮容易,破断裂隙较多,连通性好,透气性良好,贯通度较为显著
离层裂隙
密集区
该区域内瓦斯升浮优势通道发育较为完善,瓦斯升浮逐渐困难,破断裂隙较少,连通性、透气性一般,覆岩裂隙下沉量较小,贯通度发育微弱
微小裂隙区 该区域内瓦斯升浮优势通道发育差,瓦斯以水平扩散运移为主,裂隙发育特征多为小型离层裂隙,覆岩裂隙下沉量最小
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煤层开采卸压瓦斯高位抽采孔智能设计及应用
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张艺波 1 , 赵鹏翔 1, 2, 3, ** , 李树刚 1, 2 , 林海飞 1, 2 , 孙红星 4 , 刘元嘉 5
中国安全科学学报 | 安全技术与工程 2026,36(5): 215-223
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中国安全科学学报 |安全技术与工程 2026 , 36 (5) : 215 -223
煤层开采卸压瓦斯高位抽采孔智能设计及应用
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张艺波1 , 赵鹏翔1, 2, 3, ** , 李树刚1, 2, 林海飞1, 2, 孙红星4, 刘元嘉5
作者信息
  • 1 西安科技大学 安全科学与工程学院, 陕西 西安 710054
  • 2 煤炭行业西部矿井瓦斯智能抽采工程研究中心, 陕西 西安 710054
  • 3 新疆工程学院 新疆煤炭资源绿色开采教育部重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830023
  • 4 兖矿新疆矿业有限公司 硫磺沟煤矿, 新疆 昌吉 831100
  • 5 新疆工程学院 安全科学与工程学院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830023
通讯作者:
** 赵鹏翔(1987—),男,甘肃兰州人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事煤层开采多场耦合理与瓦斯防治技术方面的研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

张艺波 (1998—),男,陕西宝鸡人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为瓦斯智能抽采。E-mail:

李树刚 教授。

林海飞 教授。

Intelligent design and application of high-level boreholes for pressure-relief gas drainage in coal seam mining
Yibo Zhang1 , Pengxiang Zhao1, 2, 3, ** , Shugang Li1, 2, Haifei Lin1, 2, Hongxing Sun4, Yuanjia Liu5
Affiliations
  • 1 Safety Science and Engineering College, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi 710054, China
  • 2 Western Engineering Research Center of Mine Gas Intelligent Drainage for Coal Industry, Xi'an Shaanxi 710054, China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Green Mining of Coal Resources in Xinjiang Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi Xinjiang 830023, China
  • 4 Sulphur Ditch Coal Mine, Yankuang Xinjiang Mining Co., Ltd., Changji Xinjiang 831100, China
  • 5 College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi Xinjiang 830023, China
出版时间: 2026-05-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0504
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为解决人工设计高位瓦斯抽采钻孔布置参数误差大、抽采效率低的问题,以新疆某高瓦斯矿井为研究对象,提出一种基于二维物理相似模拟与智能系统的卸压瓦斯高位抽采孔设计思路。通过二维物理相似模拟试验,揭示覆岩横纵向裂隙联动演化特征,精准划分瓦斯运移区(最大高度36.7 m、最大宽度22.7 m)与储集区(最大高度26 m、最大宽度17 m)的几何边界,明确瓦斯赋存空间演化特征。基于Python语言开发高位瓦斯抽采钻孔智能系统,融合OpenGL技术构建3D地质模型,结合钻孔终点与开孔点平距、方位角及终孔高度等参数,通过自主研发的参数计算系统自动生成钻孔布置参数(方位角、倾角、长度),并利用可视化演示系统模拟钻孔轨迹。结果表明:该系统设计的钻孔终孔位置精准位于垮落带上部、断裂带中下部,2号钻场瓦斯抽采体积分数达6.52%~10.94%,较传统方法提高2.52%~5.19%。

煤层开采  /  卸压瓦斯抽采  /  高位钻孔  /  智能设计  /  覆岩裂隙

To solve the problems of large error of layout parameters and low extraction efficiency of artificially designed high-level gas extraction boreholes, a high-gas mine in Xinjiang was taken as the research object. A design method for pressure-relief gas high-level extraction boreholes based on two-dimensional physical similarity simulation and an intelligent system was proposed. Through the two-dimensional physical similarity simulation test, the evolution characteristics of the horizontal and vertical fractures of the overlying rock were revealed. Additionally, the geometric boundary between the gas migration area (maximum height 36.7 m, maximum width 22.7 m) and the reservoir area (maximum height 26 m, maximum width 17 m) was accurately divided, and the spatial evolution characteristics of gas occurrence were clarified. Based on Python language, the intelligent system of high-level gas extraction borehole was developed, and the 3D geological model is constructed by integrating OpenGL technology. Combined with the parameters such as the horizontal distance between the borehole end point and the opening point, the azimuth angle and the final hole height, the borehole layout parameters (azimuth angle, inclination angle and length) were automatically generated by the self-developed parameter calculation system. Subsequently, the borehole trajectory was simulated by the visual demonstration system. It is shown by the application that the final hole position of the borehole designed by this system is accurately located in the upper part of the caving zone and the middle and lower part of the fracture zone. The gas extraction concentration of 2 # drilling field is recorded at 6.52%—10.94%, which is found to be 2.52%-5.19% higher than that achieved by the traditional method

coal seam mining  /  pressure-relief gas extraction  /  high-level borehole  /  intelligent design  /  overburden rock fissures
张艺波, 赵鹏翔, 李树刚, 林海飞, 孙红星, 刘元嘉. 煤层开采卸压瓦斯高位抽采孔智能设计及应用. 中国安全科学学报, 2026 , 36 (5) : 215 -223 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0504
Yibo Zhang, Pengxiang Zhao, Shugang Li, Haifei Lin, Hongxing Sun, Yuanjia Liu. Intelligent design and application of high-level boreholes for pressure-relief gas drainage in coal seam mining[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026 , 36 (5) : 215 -223 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0504
随着煤矿开采强度的提高,采空区瓦斯涌出量持续增加,瓦斯灾害频繁发生,是煤矿生产中亟需解决的安全难题[1]。高位钻孔抽采作为治理卸压瓦斯的主要技术手段[2-3],其布置参数的合理性直接关系到抽采效果与矿井安全,深入研究该问题具有重要的工程意义[4]
针对以上问题,许家林等[5]以“O”形圈理论为基础,认为在“O”形圈断裂带内,覆岩裂隙发育较好,为气体运移提供了重要的通道。李树刚[6]、林海飞[7]等进一步分析了卸压瓦斯抽采机制,推动了定向钻孔等现场工艺的发展与应用。在参数优化与效果验证方面,众多学者通过数值模拟、物理相似模拟及现场试验等手段展开研究。刘建中等[8]在上隅角采用高位瓦斯钻孔配合埋管抽放的方式,极大地提高了瓦斯抽放率,上隅角瓦斯积聚问题得到有效解决。郭书明[9]、杨勇良[10]等通过模拟揭示了瓦斯分布特征并构建抽采方案优选系统。王勇[11]、郭达[12]等通过现场高位钻孔抽采试验,优化了钻孔布置参数,进一步提高了瓦斯抽采率。贾智慧[13]、江泽帮[14]、孟然[15]等采用现场实时观测、数值模拟相结合的手段,研究了瓦斯涌出量与高位钻孔瓦斯抽采特征之间的关系,进一步验证了高位钻孔布置参数的合理性。
近年来,随着智能化技术的发展,研究进一步向精准监控与设计延伸。肖鹏等[16]提出一种基于布里渊光时域的分布式光纤系统,并将其应用于试验矿井,通过建模揭示了钻孔变形塌孔发育特征,并提出精确监控技术流程,有效推动瓦斯抽采钻孔智能化精准监控发展水平。龙杰[17]、李泉新[18]、郝天轩[19]等分别在钻孔可视化建模、定向钻进装备及智能化设计方面取得了进展。郭世斌等[20]采用神经网络预测抽采巷位置,提升了布置精度。然而现有研究仍存在一定局限:①对开采过程中瓦斯运移-富集区的动态演化特征尚未完全明晰;②钻孔布置设计多基于静态或阶段性分析,缺乏与煤层开采过程动态演化的充分耦合,导致参数适应性不足,抽采效率有待进一步提高。
鉴于此,笔者拟以新疆某高瓦斯矿井为工程背景,开展二维物理相似模拟试验,耦合覆岩裂隙演化特征的精准表征与智能化设计系统,突破传统高位钻孔布置参数误差大、抽采效率低的技术瓶颈,提升卸压瓦斯抽采过程的动态调控精度,以期为高瓦斯矿井智能化瓦斯治理提供新的技术路径。
要实现采空区瓦斯的定向抽采,必须明确采空区上覆岩层的垮落特征,掌握其裂隙发育特征,并提出各种抽采方法的合理配置层位[20-22]。因此,准确把握煤层开采上覆岩层采动裂隙分布特征,是决定瓦斯抽采孔布置参数的重要依据。煤层采动过程中,在垂直方向和水平方向上分为竖三带、横三区。根据采动裂隙“O”形圈理论,随着开采的进行,采场离层裂隙的数量也在逐渐增多,而压实区的破裂也呈现出反复扩展过程,采空区两侧仍能保持较大的裂隙。
同时,以覆岩裂隙“三带”特征、采动裂隙椭抛带理论、瓦斯升浮-扩散运移理论等为基础,进一步划分煤层采动过程中覆岩裂隙区域,引入覆岩裂隙场分域准则,为优化钻孔布置参数提供参考[23],依据采动覆岩裂隙的发育特征及气体运移难易程度,将上覆岩层自下而上分为5个区域,见表1
表1可以看出,从下至上瓦斯运移由渗流逐渐变为升浮,最终形成水平集聚,瓦斯向上运移逐渐困难。裂隙发育从下至上的下沉量和滑移量逐渐变小,贯通度发育也逐渐变小。越靠近煤层顶板的裂隙发育特征多为破断裂隙,越远离煤层顶板的裂隙发育特征多为离层裂隙。垮落带岩体垮落更为明显,但此处岩体稳定性差,布置钻孔容易发生塌孔现象。而断裂带区域拥有裂隙发育完全、透气性高、稳定性好的优势,可实现瓦斯抽采效率与工程安全性的最大化,因此,钻孔布置应在断裂带内。
上覆岩层的演化特征主要由工作面的地质条件及开采工艺等多因素决定,笔者团队大量研究以上多种影响因素,得出相对应的覆岩结构演化特征,并对许多矿井现场有指导意义[24-25]。具体影响如下:
1) 采高。以采动裂隙椭抛带理论为基础,随着采高的增加,瓦斯运移区域高度、宽度发生明显增加,运移区域左、右边界出现显著的分层现象。
2) 倾向长度。工作面倾向长度越大,断裂带范围越大。
3) 覆岩结构。在不考虑其他影响因素时,上覆岩层岩性越硬,裂隙发育高度越低。
4) 回采率。随着回采率的增加,卸压瓦斯运移-储集区高度、宽度都随之增加。
5) 埋深。随着埋深的增加,上覆岩层所受地应力越大,裂隙发育越明显。
6) 煤层倾角。以35°为临界点,当倾角小于35°时,覆岩断裂带高度随着煤层倾角增大而增大;反之,当其大于35°时,覆岩断裂带高度随倾角的增大而减小。
7) 推进速度。当推进速度增大时,裂隙区的高度、宽度都会随之减小,同时,其采动覆岩裂隙的离层量、贯通度也会随之减小。
选取新疆某高瓦斯矿井工作面为试验原型,煤层及上覆岩层的部分物理参数如图1所示。物理模型遵循试验原型的地质条件和模拟试验条件,满足相似定理。
随着开采的进行,共发生5次周期来压,其中,垮落带高度为12.3m,断裂带高度60.5m,图2为二维物理相似模拟试验覆岩裂隙发育终态结果。周期来压时,覆岩裂隙呈阶段性发育,采动应力重新分布,促使覆岩裂隙进一步扩展、贯通,在第5次周期来压,覆岩裂隙发育成熟,形成完整的瓦斯运移区、储集区。
通过分析上覆岩层下沉量、离层量、贯通度等因素,得到上覆岩层“三带”横纵裂隙在不同周期的演化特征,准确分析划分采空区覆岩裂隙发育区域。
图3为覆岩“三带”在不同周期性来压条件下裂隙的演变过程,其上覆岩层离层数量和破断数量沿采空区上方持续发育,形成采空区瓦斯运移和储集的良好通道,图中上覆岩层的横纵裂隙发育高差构建了瓦斯运储网络,裂隙随周期来压联动演化,通过融合、分离与再发育,动态控制着瓦斯运移区与储集区的分布与衔接。当工作面回采到30m时,初次来压发生,此时采空区横向裂隙与纵向裂隙高度突然增大,形成最初的瓦斯富集区,随着采煤工作面推进距离的不断增大,在断裂带中不断出现横纵向裂隙,且距顶板的距离也在不断增大,为瓦斯运储所创造的空间也随之增大。
在初次来压发生后,随着开采距离的增大,上覆岩层裂隙逐渐发育成熟,出现完整的瓦斯储集、运移区;随着不断发生周期来压,采空区内的横纵向裂隙不断向上以及向靠近工作面一侧发育。通过对不同周期性来压时瓦斯运储区几何参数的统计分析,掌握瓦斯赋存空间的演变特征。
不同周期来压卸压瓦斯运储区高度和宽度变化如图4所示。图4a中瓦斯运移区高度在前3次周期来压前均与工作面推进距离同步增长,在第4次到第5周期来压的过程中,随采空区逐渐压实,断裂带垂向闭合,运移区高度持续衰减,宽度变化趋势在同步减小。这一过程中上覆岩层经历“悬臂梁-铰接结构-压实”演化,裂隙开度减小导致瓦斯在竖直方向上的运移能力减弱,瓦斯运移区几何特征最终高为36.7m、宽为22.7m。图4b中,第1次周期来压时,受煤层采动影响,上覆岩层断裂、裂隙发育处于初始阶段,储集区高度、宽度基数小;随着第2次至第5次周期来压,采动影响持续叠加,上覆岩层“破断-运移-重新平衡”过程反复发生,岩层裂隙网络不断拓展连通,使储集区高度、宽度持续递增,且高度增长速率相对更显著,瓦斯储集区几何特征最终高为26m、宽为17m。
当前煤层开采卸压瓦斯抽采方法是根据瓦斯涌出来源,划分为邻近层卸压瓦斯抽采、采空区抽采和围岩抽采。采动卸压瓦斯抽采方法可分为巷道抽采采动卸压瓦斯方法、管路抽采瓦斯方法、钻孔抽采瓦斯方法。其中,高位钻孔抽采采动断裂带方法的关键参数是钻场层位及其间距,钻孔直径、终孔点与煤层顶板垂距、终孔点与回风巷平距、钻孔数量以及压茬长度、抽采负压等。常规高位钻孔存在钻孔利用率较低、层位定位不准、抽采效果不稳定等问题,为改善此类问题,研究开发卸压瓦斯高位抽采钻孔智能设计系统,提高钻孔布置参数精确度及瓦斯抽采效率。卸压瓦斯抽采技术如图5所示。
图6为系统设计思路,该系统基于现场数据、实验室试验得出系统基本模拟参数,并利用矿井概况设置系统、钻孔参数计算系统及可视化演示系统 3个子系统完成对卸压瓦斯高位钻孔的设计。
该软件运用 Python 语言分别开发出软件操作界面、矿井概况设置系统、钻孔参数计算系统以及可视化演示系统。可在后台管理界面编辑操作钻孔的参数中的倾角、方位角等布置参数,系统会根据预设的工况计算公式进行相关参数的自动计算,并展示在界面上。同时,该模块提供原理图查看和钻孔编号选择按钮,可查看每个钻孔的可视化模拟钻孔路径。
通过自主研发的高位瓦斯抽采钻孔智能设计系统,完成对矿井实际情况以及“三带”具体高度、宽度模拟的3D模型;利用高位钻孔参数计算程序得出方位角γ、钻孔倾角β和钻孔长度L等钻孔布置参数。
依据现场实际工况条件以及试验模型结果建立相应矿井模型,如图7所示,在操作界面设定图像质量等参数,依照参数设计标准、输入相对应的计算参数,利用钻孔参数计算系统,得到准确的钻孔布置参数,并利用可视化演示系统完成对钻孔布置过程中的模拟,得到高位钻孔瓦斯抽采布置参数的最终结果。
该系统需利用已有装置完成煤矿地质条件的初步测定,再将相关参数,如煤层埋深、煤层厚度、煤层结构等具体数值输入设置模块,系统将利用数维分析、三维地质等并基于OpenGL技术进行模拟建模,生成与实际井下环境高度相似的3D井下模型,同时可利用物理相似模拟试验,根据“三带”几何发育边界,建立井下瓦斯运储区边界模型。设置完成后也可删除数据重新更改再次建模,系统较为敏捷,便于操作,能够有效降低工作量,保障可视化演示的准确性。
通过可视化模拟演示系统,依据矿井实际条件设置系统、物理相似模拟试验、计算系统所得结果利用可视化技术建立模拟运行模型,展开不同钻头的运行轨迹与整体钻孔的位置分布情况,如图8所示。
1) 高位钻孔智能设计现场应用。结合采空区覆岩“三带”物理相似模拟试验及高位钻孔瓦斯抽采智能系统模拟得到,(4-5)06工作面采场覆岩垮落带高度为12.3m,由于高位钻孔布置于垮落带中会导致回采期间容易出现塌孔情况,从而影响到采空区卸压瓦斯抽采效果,因此,将钻孔终孔位置布置于垮落带上部,断裂带下部。多系统协同抽采布置如图9所示,针对巨厚煤层瓦斯含量大等问题,开展卸压瓦斯高位钻孔抽采,同时辅以上隅角埋管等措施,进行分源治理,以保证工作面正常回采。
针对(4-5)06工作面,高位钻孔采用上下2排布置方式,开孔高度分别为1.5和2.0 m,钻孔间距0.8 m。设计孔径均为133 mm,孔深约100 m,通过调整仰角(1.6~4.0°)与水平偏角,控制终孔位于巷道顶板以上3~15 m的断裂带内,以实现对卸压瓦斯的高效抽采。
2) 高位瓦斯抽采钻孔抽采效果评价。(4-5)06工作面轨道巷的2个高位钻场分别采用传统设计方法与智能设计系统进行布孔。通过实时监测2钻场各孔的瓦斯抽采体积分数、钻场与工作面间距、钻孔终孔位置相对于煤层顶板及回风巷的水平距离随工作面推进的变化,分析得到瓦斯体积分数的动态演化特征,如图10所示。
图10可知:工作面上端头覆岩在回采初期即卸压充分、裂隙发育,因此,钻孔抽采体积分数保持较高,但因初期瓦斯涌出量整体较小,钻场抽采体积分数仍处于较低水平。随着工作面推进及初次来压作用,抽采效果显著提升,在钻场距工作面35~55 m范围内,瓦斯抽采体积分数在4%~5.75%,抽采流量在110 ~125 m3/min。
对比1号高位钻场,2号高位钻场是利用高位抽采钻孔智能设计系统所得布置参数,在2号钻场抽采初期,钻孔抽采流量较高,而抽采体积分数较低,随着工作面的持续推进,在工作面距2号钻场30~50m处时,瓦斯抽采体积分数较大,而钻场抽采流量偏小,在此范围内,2号钻场抽采流量在65 ~104 m3/min,钻场抽采体积分数6.52%~10.94%,取得了良好的抽采效果。
1) 煤层开采卸压作用下,覆岩横向离层裂隙与纵向破断裂隙在周期来压控制下协同演化,进而形成“运移—储集”空间分布状态,据此获得卸压瓦斯运移区与储集区的几何边界定量表征。
2) 构建“物理相似模拟、钻孔参数生成、轨迹可视化”的一体化智能设计路径,使高位抽采孔布置由经验计算转为以运储区边界为核心的目标导向设计;通过钻孔方位、倾角、长度与终孔空间位置的协同优化,形成可推广的高位抽采孔精准设计范式。
3) 1号钻场为矿井按照传统方法布置,在工作面前55m范围内瓦斯抽采体积分数在4%~5.75%;2号钻场是利用高位抽采钻孔智能设计系统所得布置参数,瓦斯抽采体积分数较大,钻场抽采流量偏小,在距工作面30~50m处时,2号钻场抽采流量在65~104 m3/min,钻场抽采体积分数6.52%~10.94%。通过现场监测数据对比,2号钻场取得了良好抽采效果,较传统方法瓦斯抽采体积分数提高2.52%~5.19%。
  • 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFC3009001)
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项(2025B03038-2)
  • 新疆煤炭资源绿色开采教育部重点实验室开放课题项目(KLXGY-KA2404)
  • 陕西省重点研发项目(2024GX-YBXM-490)
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2026年第36卷第5期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0504
  • 接收时间:2026-01-14
  • 首发时间:2026-06-29
  • 出版时间:2026-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-14
  • 修回日期:2026-03-12
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFC3009001)
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项(2025B03038-2)
新疆煤炭资源绿色开采教育部重点实验室开放课题项目(KLXGY-KA2404)
陕西省重点研发项目(2024GX-YBXM-490)
作者信息
    1 西安科技大学 安全科学与工程学院, 陕西 西安 710054
    2 煤炭行业西部矿井瓦斯智能抽采工程研究中心, 陕西 西安 710054
    3 新疆工程学院 新疆煤炭资源绿色开采教育部重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830023
    4 兖矿新疆矿业有限公司 硫磺沟煤矿, 新疆 昌吉 831100
    5 新疆工程学院 安全科学与工程学院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830023

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** 赵鹏翔(1987—),男,甘肃兰州人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事煤层开采多场耦合理与瓦斯防治技术方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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