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To fundamentally enhance the safety of lithium-ion batteries, phosphorus-based flame retardants were added to the electrolyte, and the effects of different valence states of phosphorus-based flame retardants on safety performance and electrochemical performance were studied. The impact of phosphorus-based flame retardants on the thermal stability of the electrolyte was compared using self-extinguishing time and differential scanning calorimetry. The influence of phosphorus-based flame retardants on the basic properties of the electrolyte was analyzed through linear sweep voltammetry. Further, cyclic voltammetry tests, cycling performance tests, rate capability tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were conducted to explore the effects of varying volume ratios of phosphorus-based flame retardants on the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4|Li half-cells. The results show that electrolytes containing 5% trimethyl phosphate (TMP) and trimethyl phosphite (TMPi) exhibit significantly reduced self-extinguishing times, with the former also expanding the electrochemical window of the electrolyte. The LiFePO4|Li half-cell with 5% TMP demonstrates a smaller potential difference between the oxidation and reduction peaks, reduced battery polarization, and maintains a higher discharge capacity after 300 cycles, with a capacity retention rate of 99.6%. In contrast, the addition of 5% TMPi leads to a decline in discharge capacity. Methyl phosphate flame retardants exhibit weaker molecular activity and less adverse effects compared to methyl phosphite flame retardants. Under the premise of not compromising electrochemical performance, adding 5% trimethyl phosphate is more effective in improving the safety of lithium-ion batteries.
, authors=Peng Xi
1, 2, Fengling Sun
1, Xiaoping Fan
1, **, Xiaoyu Tang
1, Qiming Zhuo
3, Hongbing Ji
1, authorsList=Peng Xi, Fengling Sun, Xiaoping Fan, Xiaoyu Tang, Qiming Zhuo, Hongbing Ji, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaoping Fan, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277328362704081084, articleId=1277328358572691620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=不同价态磷基阻燃剂对锂离子电池性能影响试验, columnId=1277328337940902469, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全技术与工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
为从本质上提升锂离子电池的安全性,向电解液中添加磷基阻燃剂,研究不同价态的磷基阻燃剂结构对其安全性能、电化学性能的影响。采用自熄灭时间(SET)和差示扫描量热对比研究磷基阻燃剂对电解液热稳定性的影响,采用线性扫描伏安分析磷基阻燃剂对电解液基本性质的影响,进一步通过循环伏安测试、循环性能测试、倍率性能测试和电化学阻抗谱测试探索不同体积比的磷基阻燃剂对LiFePO4|Li半电池电化学性能的影响。结果表明:添加体积分数为5%的磷酸三甲酯(TMP)和亚磷酸三甲酯(TMPi)的电解液SET均显著降低,且前者提升了电解液电化学窗口,添加5%体积分数为TMP的LiFePO4|Li半电池的氧化峰和还原峰的峰值电位电势差减小,电池极化减小,循环300圈后的放电比容量较大、容量保持率高达99.6%,而添加5%TMPi导致放电比容量衰减。磷酸甲酯类阻燃剂分子活性弱于亚磷酸甲酯类,负面作用较弱。在不减弱电化学性能前提下,添加5%的TMP更利于提升锂离子电池安全性。
, authors=郗朋
1, 2, 孙凤玲
1, 范小萍
1, **, 唐潇宇
1, 卓启明
3, 纪红兵
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 |
郗 朋 (1990—),男,安徽淮北人,博士,教授,主要从事危险化学品本质安全控制技术、化工安全和危化品安全监管课程教学方法及人才培养模式等方面的研究。E-mail: pengxi@ncist.edu.cn。 |
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1 School of Chemical Safety, University of Emergency Management, Langfang Hebei 065201, China
2 College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing Jiangsu 211816, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1278415744228635324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, authorId=1278415742169232055, language=CN, stringName=郗朋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 应急管理大学 化工安全学院, 河北 廊坊 065201
2 南京工业大学 安全科学与工程学院, 江苏 南京 211816, bio={"img":"eH99irBpej/XMrLx2kip+g==","content":"
郗 朋 (1990—),男,安徽淮北人,博士,教授,主要从事危险化学品本质安全控制技术、化工安全和危化品安全监管课程教学方法及人才培养模式等方面的研究。E-mail: pengxi@ncist.edu.cn。
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1 School of Chemical Safety, University of Emergency Management, Langfang Hebei 065201, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1278415748536185544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, authorId=1278415748376801989, language=CN, stringName=范小萍, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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3 School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1278415750117438162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, authorId=1278415749333103311, language=CN, stringName=卓启明, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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3 中国矿业大学(北京) 化学与环境工程学院, 北京 100083, bio={"content":"
卓启明 副教授。
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卓启明 副教授。
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1 School of Chemical Safety, University of Emergency Management, Langfang Hebei 065201, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1278415750939521751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, authorId=1278415750205518548, language=CN, stringName=纪红兵, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 应急管理大学 化工安全学院, 河北 廊坊 065201, bio={"content":"
纪红兵 教授。
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纪红兵 教授。
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1 应急管理大学 化工安全学院, 河北 廊坊 065201)]), AuthorCompany(id=1278415741439423152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1278415741707858609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, companyId=1278415741439423152, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing Jiangsu 211816, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1278415741724635826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, companyId=1278415741439423152, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 南京工业大学 安全科学与工程学院, 江苏 南京 211816)]), AuthorCompany(id=1278415741821104819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1278415741837882036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, companyId=1278415741821104819, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1278415741846270645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, companyId=1278415741821104819, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 中国矿业大学(北京) 化学与环境工程学院, 北京 100083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1278415755238683363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Molecular structure models of organic solvents and phosphorus-containing flame retardants, figureFileSmall=sA3eWObpLvFML4hbYtgmSQ==, figureFileBig=2UADoHcB27jK6mTn0mpntw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415755301597924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
有机溶剂和含磷阻燃剂分子结构模型, figureFileSmall=sA3eWObpLvFML4hbYtgmSQ==, figureFileBig=2UADoHcB27jK6mTn0mpntw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415755561644773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
SET of electrolytes with different ratios of TMP and TMPi, figureFileSmall=BoTedrp2EZzOCZ94h+OU4g==, figureFileBig=fqOeAomE7sdbLA26qsCjDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415757264532199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
添加不同比例的TMP与TMPi电解液的SET, figureFileSmall=BoTedrp2EZzOCZ94h+OU4g==, figureFileBig=fqOeAomE7sdbLA26qsCjDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415757361001192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
DSC of basic electrolyte and electrolytes with 5% TMP and TMPi, figureFileSmall=3E9bjubQoPMTgOP65TRsbA==, figureFileBig=MaCpeKBFI7SHagifX2ro3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415757717517034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
基础电解质以及含5% TMP和TMPi的电解质的DSC测试, figureFileSmall=3E9bjubQoPMTgOP65TRsbA==, figureFileBig=MaCpeKBFI7SHagifX2ro3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415758107587308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Linear sweep voltammetry curves of 5% TMP and TMPi electrolytes, figureFileSmall=TpHo4oAn7xO9O4sGay4xJA==, figureFileBig=bEuV7+2bj3oShKfaT4PQsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415758178890479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
5%TMP与TMPi电解液的线性扫描伏安曲线, figureFileSmall=TpHo4oAn7xO9O4sGay4xJA==, figureFileBig=bEuV7+2bj3oShKfaT4PQsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415758493463280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Cyclic voltammetry curves of LiFePO4|Li half-cells, figureFileSmall=hNLU4R3+69kidQbJo0f3xg==, figureFileBig=T7cJuSVNYWNkmCxPgwyN8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415758577349363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
LiFePO4|Li半电池循环伏安曲线, figureFileSmall=hNLU4R3+69kidQbJo0f3xg==, figureFileBig=T7cJuSVNYWNkmCxPgwyN8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415759357489909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Discharge capacity of LiFePO4|Li half-cell, figureFileSmall=sB+crVONQwmMuyQdo7gpdw==, figureFileBig=usYvc/W6nxHJwLcUq8vQMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415759437181686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
LiFePO4|Li半电池的放电比容量, figureFileSmall=sB+crVONQwmMuyQdo7gpdw==, figureFileBig=usYvc/W6nxHJwLcUq8vQMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415759747560183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Rate performance of LiFePO4|Li half-cell, figureFileSmall=EFW8SVtGecv5Jgle7ezlsg==, figureFileBig=M5Alo2Eje6KJp3h4l5nLfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415759827251960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
LiFePO4|Li半电池的倍率性能, figureFileSmall=EFW8SVtGecv5Jgle7ezlsg==, figureFileBig=M5Alo2Eje6KJp3h4l5nLfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415759940498169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of LiFePO4|Li half-cells before and after 300 cycles, figureFileSmall=jrPiJeAmg0WCByLJnggswA==, figureFileBig=Oftsb+fhc9xkz9o7Mw1Dkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415760166990586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
LiFePO4|Li半电池循环300圈前后的电化学阻抗谱 注:Z'和Z''是阻抗的2个分量,Z'(实部)代表电阻分量,反映电荷转移过程的阻力;Z''(虚部)代表电容分量,体现电极界面双电层的储能特性。
, figureFileSmall=jrPiJeAmg0WCByLJnggswA==, figureFileBig=Oftsb+fhc9xkz9o7Mw1Dkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415761714688763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Energy distribution of HOMO and LUMO for organic solvents and phosphorus-containing flame retardants, figureFileSmall=L4Ig0HWfZXKnRY7b7mllXg==, figureFileBig=P7S45Eo7WETbRTEG+CQs4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415761781797628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
有机溶剂和含磷阻燃剂前线轨道HOMO和LUMO能量分布, figureFileSmall=L4Ig0HWfZXKnRY7b7mllXg==, figureFileBig=P7S45Eo7WETbRTEG+CQs4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415761853100797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Composition of electrolyte containing phosphorus flame retardant
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 编号 | 基础电解液组成 | 阻燃剂体 积分数/% |
BE(TMP0/ TMPi0) | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 0 |
| TMP5 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 5 |
| TMP8 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 8 |
| TMP10 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 10 |
| TMP15 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 15 |
| TMPi5 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 5 |
| TMPi8 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 8 |
| TMPi10 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 10 |
| TMPi15 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 15 |
), ArticleFig(id=1278415761932792574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
含磷阻燃剂电解液组成
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 编号 | 基础电解液组成 | 阻燃剂体 积分数/% |
BE(TMP0/ TMPi0) | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 0 |
| TMP5 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 5 |
| TMP8 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 8 |
| TMP10 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 10 |
| TMP15 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 15 |
| TMPi5 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 5 |
| TMPi8 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 8 |
| TMPi10 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 10 |
| TMPi15 | LiPF6物质的量浓度:1.0 mol/L EC∶DMC∶EMC质量比=1∶1∶1 | 15 |
), ArticleFig(id=1278415762029261567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Energy of organic solvents and phosphorus-containing flame retardants after structural optimization
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 交互关联函数 | 截断能/eV | 能量/eV |
| EC-Li+ | GGA-PBE | 200 | -2 024.000 |
| DMC-Li+ | GGA-PBE | 200 | -2 055.933 |
| EMC-Li+ | GGA-PBE | 200 | -2 243.243 |
| TMP | GGA-PBE | 200 | -2 497.629 |
| TMPi | GGA-PBE | 200 | -2 078.930 |
), ArticleFig(id=1278415762104759040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
有机溶剂和含磷阻燃剂结构优化后的能量
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 交互关联函数 | 截断能/eV | 能量/eV |
| EC-Li+ | GGA-PBE | 200 | -2 024.000 |
| DMC-Li+ | GGA-PBE | 200 | -2 055.933 |
| EMC-Li+ | GGA-PBE | 200 | -2 243.243 |
| TMP | GGA-PBE | 200 | -2 497.629 |
| TMPi | GGA-PBE | 200 | -2 078.930 |
), ArticleFig(id=1278415762184450817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Rate performance of LiFePO4|Li half-cells at 0.1 C current rate after switching between different rates
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样品 | 0.1 C切换前 放电比容量/ (mA·h/g) | 0.1 C切换后 放电比容量/ (mA·h/g) | 容量 保持 率/% | 容量保 持率均 值/% |
| BE | 191.5 | 188.6 | 98.49 | 98.47 |
| 191.6 | 188.5 | 98.38 |
| 191.0 | 188.6 | 98.74 |
| 191.4 | 188.5 | 98.48 |
| 191.3 | 188.0 | 98.27 |
| TMP5 | 206.3 | 199.0 | 96.46 | 96.90 |
| 205.5 | 198.3 | 96.50 |
| 204.8 | 198.5 | 96.92 |
| 204.1 | 198.2 | 97.11 |
| 203.1 | 198.0 | 97.49 |
| TMPi5 | 188.6 | 186.5 | 98.89 | 98.79 |
| 188.2 | 186.1 | 98.88 |
| 188.5 | 185.8 | 98.57 |
| 188.7 | 186.3 | 98.73 |
| 188.4 | 186.3 | 98.89 |
), ArticleFig(id=1278415762255753986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
不同倍率切换后恢复0.1 C电流倍率下LiFePO4|Li半电池的倍率性能
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样品 | 0.1 C切换前 放电比容量/ (mA·h/g) | 0.1 C切换后 放电比容量/ (mA·h/g) | 容量 保持 率/% | 容量保 持率均 值/% |
| BE | 191.5 | 188.6 | 98.49 | 98.47 |
| 191.6 | 188.5 | 98.38 |
| 191.0 | 188.6 | 98.74 |
| 191.4 | 188.5 | 98.48 |
| 191.3 | 188.0 | 98.27 |
| TMP5 | 206.3 | 199.0 | 96.46 | 96.90 |
| 205.5 | 198.3 | 96.50 |
| 204.8 | 198.5 | 96.92 |
| 204.1 | 198.2 | 97.11 |
| 203.1 | 198.0 | 97.49 |
| TMPi5 | 188.6 | 186.5 | 98.89 | 98.79 |
| 188.2 | 186.1 | 98.88 |
| 188.5 | 185.8 | 98.57 |
| 188.7 | 186.3 | 98.73 |
| 188.4 | 186.3 | 98.89 |
), ArticleFig(id=1278415762343834371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Fitted EIS parameters of LiFePO4|Li half-cells before and after 300 cycles
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样品 | 第1圈循环 | 第300圈循环 |
| Rs | RC | Rt | Rs | RC | Rt |
| BE | 8.92 | 47.26 | 232.4 | 9.62 | 132.30 | 38.9 |
| TMP5 | 8.51 | 63.80 | 186.1 | 8.68 | 99.53 | 38.5 |
| TMPi5 | 8.19 | 66.36 | 117.3 | 11.0 | 707.73 | 51.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1278415762419331844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
LiFePO4|Li半电池循环300圈前后的EIS参数拟合值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样品 | 第1圈循环 | 第300圈循环 |
| Rs | RC | Rt | Rs | RC | Rt |
| BE | 8.92 | 47.26 | 232.4 | 9.62 | 132.30 | 38.9 |
| TMP5 | 8.51 | 63.80 | 186.1 | 8.68 | 99.53 | 38.5 |
| TMPi5 | 8.19 | 66.36 | 117.3 | 11.0 | 707.73 | 51.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1278415762486440709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Frontier orbital energies of organic solvents and phosphorus-containing flame retardants
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 前线轨道能量/a.u. | 前线轨道能量差/a.u. |
| TMP | TMPi |
| 最高占据分子轨道 | 最低未占据分子轨道 | ΔE1 | ΔE2 | ΔE1 | ΔE2 |
| EC-Li+ | -0.032 268 | -0.022 999 | 0.228 101 | 0.039 068 | 0.191 601 | 0.026 268 |
| DMC-Li+ | -0.044 349 | -0.039 973 | 0.211 127 | 0.051 149 | 0.174 627 | 0.038 349 |
| EMC-Li+ | -0.043 434 | -0.040 791 | 0.210 309 | 0.050 234 | 0.173 809 | 0.037 434 |
| TMP | -0.251 100 | 0.006 800 | — | — | — | — |
| TMPi | -0.214 600 | -0.006 000 | — | — | — | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1278415762561938182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1277328358572691620, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
有机溶剂和含磷阻燃剂的前线轨道能量
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 前线轨道能量/a.u. | 前线轨道能量差/a.u. |
| TMP | TMPi |
| 最高占据分子轨道 | 最低未占据分子轨道 | ΔE1 | ΔE2 | ΔE1 | ΔE2 |
| EC-Li+ | -0.032 268 | -0.022 999 | 0.228 101 | 0.039 068 | 0.191 601 | 0.026 268 |
| DMC-Li+ | -0.044 349 | -0.039 973 | 0.211 127 | 0.051 149 | 0.174 627 | 0.038 349 |
| EMC-Li+ | -0.043 434 | -0.040 791 | 0.210 309 | 0.050 234 | 0.173 809 | 0.037 434 |
| TMP | -0.251 100 | 0.006 800 | — | — | — | — |
| TMPi | -0.214 600 | -0.006 000 | — | — | — | — |
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