Article(id=1282034789918151228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1282034747870253265, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.10.1646, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747497600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-18, revisedDate=1752076800000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783590512971, onlineDateStr=2026-07-09, pubDate=1761580800000, pubDateStr=2025-10-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783590512971, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783590512971, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783590512971, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1282034747870253265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1761580800000', pubDateStr='2025-10-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783590502946, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783593819616, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1282048659068006772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1282034747870253265, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1282048659068006773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1282034747870253265, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=205, endPage=212, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1282034790115283517, articleId=1282034789918151228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=S3DA2 framework for emergency command system and key technologies of emergency digital twin battlefield, columnId=1149733268699918866, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Emergency technology and management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To remedy the fragmented command tiers, a weak data-to-decision link and poor dynamic adaptability, which have long limited the effectiveness of China's emergency-response system, an integrated framework based on digital-twin technology was investigated. A generic four-tier, five-step model—comprising an emergency-command center, on-site command post, rescue teams and individual rescuers, together with the steps Sense, Simulate, Strategize, Decide and Act—was established and extended to the S3DA2 framework. A cost-minimization formula for optimal decision making was derived. Building on this framework, an emergency digital-twin battlefield technology system was established, encompassing multi-source data fusion, twin modelling, fluid-solid-coupled/artificial intelligence hybrid simulation and multi-objective decision optimization. A fluid-solid coupling, multi-agent rescue simulator was developed and validated with the 2024 Tuanzhou Dyke breach on Dongting Lake, enabling a real-time closed loop between the physical scene and its virtual replica. Results show that breach-width predictions deviate by less than 10%, total sealing time is reduced from 82 h to 52 h, and the estimated rock-fill demand of 5.9 × 10⁴ m³ matches field measurements.

, authors=Tao CHEN¹, Hui ZHANG^{**, 2}, Lida HUANG¹, Ranran TIAN², Xiaoli YAN², authorsList=Tao CHEN, Hui ZHANG, Lida HUANG, Ranran TIAN, Xiaoli YAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hui ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1282034790345970238, articleId=1282034789918151228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=应急指挥S3DA2框架与应急数字孪生战场关键技术, columnId=1149733268855108116, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=应急技术与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决我国应急指挥救援体系中存在的层级割裂、数据与决策脱节及动态适应性不足等问题，聚焦一体化框架构建与数字孪生技术应用，提出4层级（应急指挥中心、现场指挥部、救援队伍、救援单兵）-5步骤（感知、模拟、谋划、决策、行动）通用模型，并进一步将其拓展为感知-模拟-谋划-决策-行动（S3DA2）框架，同时，推导得出最小化成本的最优决策公式；基于该框架，构建“应急数字孪生战场”技术体系，涵盖多源数据融合、孪生建模、流固耦合/人工智能混合仿真和多目标决策优化等；以2024年洞庭湖团洲垸堤防决口事件为验证场景，开发流固耦合-多智能体救援模拟器，实现物理场景与虚拟仿真的实时映射闭环。结果表明：该模型将决口扩张误差控制在10%以内，将封堵时长由82 h缩短至52 h，石料需求预测为5.9 × 10⁴ m³，与实测结果一致。

, authors=陈涛研究员¹, 张辉高级工程师^{**, 2}, 黄丽达助理研究员¹, 田冉冉工程师², 闫小丽工程师², authorsList=陈涛研究员, 张辉高级工程师, 黄丽达助理研究员, 田冉冉工程师, 闫小丽工程师, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张辉高级工程师, authorNote=, correspAuthorsNote=, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=bEj7wViG1lwfXnipthhQPg==, magXml=WVpVFn0SKgemy00uNICASw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=qJwqi6624c5EP9v2MAsKwg==, pdfFileSize=5298394, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Hj2fuSnpC6PSrEOKVEs3ow==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1282034790736040518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1282034789918151228, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chentao.b@tsinghua.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1282034790819926600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1282034789918151228, authorId=1282034790736040518, language=EN, stringName=Tao CHEN, firstName=Tao, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹, address=¹School of Safety Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1282034790882841161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1282034789918151228, authorId=1282034790736040518, language=CN, stringName=陈涛研究员, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹, address=¹清华大学 安全科学学院，北京 100084, bio={"content":"

陈涛（1978—），男，山东邹城人，博士，研究员，主要从事公共安全应急理论、应急平台技术、城市灾害模拟、卫生应急管理、特种场所安全监测技术等方面的研究。E-mail: chentao.b@tsinghua.edu.cn。

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陈涛（1978—），男，山东邹城人，博士，研究员，主要从事公共安全应急理论、应急平台技术、城市灾害模拟、卫生应急管理、特种场所安全监测技术等方面的研究。E-mail: chentao.b@tsinghua.edu.cn。

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