Article(id=1148106733030994115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106709542892487, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)04-0173-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.1204, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734105600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-14, revisedDate=1739808000000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659575945, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659575945, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659575945, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659575945, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106709542892487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659570346, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757560692417, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172857809499730113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106709542892487, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172857809499730114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106709542892487, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=173, endPage=180, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149757857609991114, articleId=1148106733030994115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Safety assessment of existing stadiums with large-span steel grid structures, columnId=1149733270084042840, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Public safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the safety of existing large-span steel grid structure stadiums and gymnasiums,from the three perspectives of foundation,superstructure and enclosure structure,24 factors influencing layer indexes were constructed,and the safety evaluation index system was weighted by game theory comprehensive subjective and objective weighting method. The importance grade of components was divided by load transfer path analysis,and the critical value of safety grade of different indexes was strictly defined,and the matter-element extension evaluation model was established. Based on the matter-element extension model,the data collection and model application of five existing large-span steel grid structure stadiums were carried out,and the stadium was taken as an example for empirical analysis. The results show that the safety grade of the stadium is grade II under the normal load (working conditions 1,2),but the safety grade is grade III under the extreme load (working condition 3),and the corrosion and deformation of the components need to be monitored. The agreement rate between the evaluation results of the five existing large-span steel grid structure stadiums model and the on-site inspection results by experts is 91.35%. The research confirms that the model can effectively quantify the structural safety of existing large-span steel grid structure stadiums under complex working conditions.

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为提升既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全性,从地基基础、上部结构、围护结构等3个角度出发,构建24个因素影响层指标,并采用博弈论综合主客观赋权法对安全性评定指标体系进行赋权;通过荷载传力路径划分构件重要性等级,并严格界定不同指标安全性等级临界值,确立物元可拓评价模型。基于物元可拓模型,对5个既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆进行数据采集与模型应用,并以甲体育馆为例进行实证分析。结果表明:甲体育馆在常规荷载(工况1、工况2)下安全性等级为Ⅱ级,但在极限荷载(工况3)下安全性等级为Ⅲ级,需重点监测构件锈蚀与变形问题;5个既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆模型评定结果与专家现场勘验结果吻合度达91.35%。研究证实,该模型能有效量化复杂工况下的既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆结构安全性。

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贾丽欣 (1980—),女,河北石家庄人,博士,副教授,主要从事大跨度钢结构安全评价等方面的研究。E-mail:

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贾丽欣 (1980—),女,河北石家庄人,博士,副教授,主要从事大跨度钢结构安全评价等方面的研究。E-mail:

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贾丽欣 (1980—),女,河北石家庄人,博士,副教授,主要从事大跨度钢结构安全评价等方面的研究。E-mail:

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Evaluation model of airline safety resilience[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2024, 24(1): 63-71., articleTitle=Evaluation model of airline safety resilience, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1165198381413577694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, awardId=51908452, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助(51908452), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1165198381468103647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, awardId=2023Q011, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省社会科学基金资助(2023Q011), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1165198378297209746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165198378305598355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, companyId=1165198378297209746, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, 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city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 北京建筑大学 城市经济与管理学院,北京 100044)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1165198380352418766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Safety evaluation index system for existing gymnasium with large-span steel grid structures, figureFileSmall=HOOUjNFLeLvrOubM7jRxYA==, figureFileBig=nfdOCoDSlYcnTr3uHHXt0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198380406944719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, language=CN, label=图1, caption=既有大跨度钢网架结构体育馆安全性评定指标体系, figureFileSmall=HOOUjNFLeLvrOubM7jRxYA==, figureFileBig=nfdOCoDSlYcnTr3uHHXt0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165198380461470672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Specific situation of each working condition simulation loading, 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journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Weight of safety evaluation index system for existing large-span steel grid structure stadiums

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标 一级指标权重 二级指标权重 三级指标权重
地基基础 0.32 地基0.55 0.13、0.61、0.26
基础0.45 0.10、0.64、0.26
上部结构 0.63 核心传力构件0.37 0.39、0.25、0.16、0.09、0.11
重要传力构件0.18 0.39、0.25、0.16、0.09、0.11
一般传力构件0.08 0.39、0.25、0.16、0.09、0.11
支撑结构0.21 0.33、0.15、0.22、0.20、0.10
结构稳定性0.16 0.15、0.54、0.31
围护结构 0.05 屋面板1.00 0.39、0.22、0.17、0.15、0.07
), ArticleFig(id=1165198380763460565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全性评定指标体系权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标 一级指标权重 二级指标权重 三级指标权重
地基基础 0.32 地基0.55 0.13、0.61、0.26
基础0.45 0.10、0.64、0.26
上部结构 0.63 核心传力构件0.37 0.39、0.25、0.16、0.09、0.11
重要传力构件0.18 0.39、0.25、0.16、0.09、0.11
一般传力构件0.08 0.39、0.25、0.16、0.09、0.11
支撑结构0.21 0.33、0.15、0.22、0.20、0.10
结构稳定性0.16 0.15、0.54、0.31
围护结构 0.05 屋面板1.00 0.39、0.22、0.17、0.15、0.07
), ArticleFig(id=1165198380830569430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Load application scheme for each working condition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 工况名称 场馆工况描述
1 小型荷载作用(荷载工况1) 每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为1.5 t; 每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为2.3 t;
每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为3.0 t
2 中型荷载作用(荷载工况2) 施加荷载总重为64.4 t。 每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为1.8 t; 每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为1.0 t; 每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为0.8 t; 点荷载(含吊挂设备)为1.5 t;
每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为1.0 t
3 大型荷载作用(荷载工况3) 施加荷载总重为80 t,每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为4.7 t
), ArticleFig(id=1165198380901872599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各工况荷载施加方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 工况名称 场馆工况描述
1 小型荷载作用(荷载工况1) 每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为1.5 t; 每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为2.3 t;
每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为3.0 t
2 中型荷载作用(荷载工况2) 施加荷载总重为64.4 t。 每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为1.8 t; 每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为1.0 t; 每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为0.8 t; 点荷载(含吊挂设备)为1.5 t;
每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为1.0 t
3 大型荷载作用(荷载工况3) 施加荷载总重为80 t,每点荷载(含吊挂设备)为4.7 t
), ArticleFig(id=1165198380968981464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Existing large-span steel grid structure sports stadium safety evaluation index system grade

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标 一级指标
等级
二级指标 二级指标
等级
地基基础 Ⅰ级 地基 Ⅰ级
基础 Ⅰ级
上部结构 Ⅱ级 核心传力构件 Ⅰ级
重要传力构件 Ⅱ级
一般传力构件 Ⅱ级
支撑结构 Ⅱ级
结构稳定性 Ⅲ级
围护结构 Ⅱ级 屋面板 Ⅱ级
), ArticleFig(id=1165198381036090329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全性评定指标体系等级

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标 一级指标
等级
二级指标 二级指标
等级
地基基础 Ⅰ级 地基 Ⅰ级
基础 Ⅰ级
上部结构 Ⅱ级 核心传力构件 Ⅰ级
重要传力构件 Ⅱ级
一般传力构件 Ⅱ级
支撑结构 Ⅱ级
结构稳定性 Ⅲ级
围护结构 Ⅱ级 屋面板 Ⅱ级
), ArticleFig(id=1165198381099004890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Safety rating assessment under each working condition load

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 工况名称 评定结果 结构安全性描述
1 小型荷载作用
(荷载工况1)
Ⅱ级 结构基本安全
2 中型荷载作用
(荷载工况2)
Ⅱ级 结构基本安全
3 大型荷载作用(
荷载工况3)
Ⅲ级 结构不安全
), ArticleFig(id=1165198381178696667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各工况荷载下安全等级评定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 工况名称 评定结果 结构安全性描述
1 小型荷载作用
(荷载工况1)
Ⅱ级 结构基本安全
2 中型荷载作用
(荷载工况2)
Ⅱ级 结构基本安全
3 大型荷载作用(
荷载工况3)
Ⅲ级 结构不安全
), ArticleFig(id=1165198381237416924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Evaluation results of other items

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 安全性等级
荷载工况1 荷载工况2 荷载工况3
乙体育馆 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅱ级
丙游泳馆 Ⅱ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级
丁竞技中心 Ⅰ级 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级
戊体育馆 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅲ级
), ArticleFig(id=1165198381291942877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106733030994115, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

其他项目评定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 安全性等级
荷载工况1 荷载工况2 荷载工况3
乙体育馆 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅱ级
丙游泳馆 Ⅱ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级
丁竞技中心 Ⅰ级 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级
戊体育馆 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅲ级
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既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全性评定
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贾丽欣 副教授 1 , 吕文浩 1 , 裴兴旺 高级工程师 2 , 孙成 1 , 李文龙 3
中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2025,35(4): 173-180
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中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2025, 35(4): 173-180
既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全性评定
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贾丽欣 副教授1 , 吕文浩1, 裴兴旺 高级工程师2, 孙成1, 李文龙3
作者信息
  • 1 西安建筑科技大学 体育学院,陕西 西安 710055
  • 2 中天西北建设投资集团有限公司,陕西 西安 710065
  • 3 北京建筑大学 城市经济与管理学院,北京 100044
  • 贾丽欣 (1980—),女,河北石家庄人,博士,副教授,主要从事大跨度钢结构安全评价等方面的研究。E-mail:

Safety assessment of existing stadiums with large-span steel grid structures
Lixin JIA1 , Wenhao LYU1, Xingwang PEI2, Cheng SUN1, Wenlong LI3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Physical Education,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an Shaanxi 710055,China
  • 2 Zhongtian Northwest Construction Investment Group,Xi'an Shaanxi 710065,China
  • 3 School of Urban and Economic Management,Beijing Architecture University,Beijing 100044,China
出版时间: 2025-04-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.1204
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为提升既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全性,从地基基础、上部结构、围护结构等3个角度出发,构建24个因素影响层指标,并采用博弈论综合主客观赋权法对安全性评定指标体系进行赋权;通过荷载传力路径划分构件重要性等级,并严格界定不同指标安全性等级临界值,确立物元可拓评价模型。基于物元可拓模型,对5个既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆进行数据采集与模型应用,并以甲体育馆为例进行实证分析。结果表明:甲体育馆在常规荷载(工况1、工况2)下安全性等级为Ⅱ级,但在极限荷载(工况3)下安全性等级为Ⅲ级,需重点监测构件锈蚀与变形问题;5个既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆模型评定结果与专家现场勘验结果吻合度达91.35%。研究证实,该模型能有效量化复杂工况下的既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆结构安全性。

即有大跨度  /  钢网架结构  /  体育场馆  /  安全性评定  /  物元可拓

In order to improve the safety of existing large-span steel grid structure stadiums and gymnasiums,from the three perspectives of foundation,superstructure and enclosure structure,24 factors influencing layer indexes were constructed,and the safety evaluation index system was weighted by game theory comprehensive subjective and objective weighting method. The importance grade of components was divided by load transfer path analysis,and the critical value of safety grade of different indexes was strictly defined,and the matter-element extension evaluation model was established. Based on the matter-element extension model,the data collection and model application of five existing large-span steel grid structure stadiums were carried out,and the stadium was taken as an example for empirical analysis. The results show that the safety grade of the stadium is grade II under the normal load (working conditions 1,2),but the safety grade is grade III under the extreme load (working condition 3),and the corrosion and deformation of the components need to be monitored. The agreement rate between the evaluation results of the five existing large-span steel grid structure stadiums model and the on-site inspection results by experts is 91.35%. The research confirms that the model can effectively quantify the structural safety of existing large-span steel grid structure stadiums under complex working conditions.

existing large span  /  steel grid structure  /  stadiums  /  safety assessment  /  matter-element extension
贾丽欣 副教授, 吕文浩, 裴兴旺 高级工程师, 孙成, 李文龙. 既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全性评定. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (4) : 173 -180 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.1204
Lixin JIA, Wenhao LYU, Xingwang PEI, Cheng SUN, Wenlong LI. Safety assessment of existing stadiums with large-span steel grid structures[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (4) : 173 -180 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.1204
自2008年奥运会后,我国体育场馆建设进入快速发展期,大跨度钢网架结构因具有抗震性能好、承载力强、工期短、造型美观多样等特点,多应用于大跨度公共建筑、体育场馆等建筑中。大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆承担着体育竞赛、全民健身和应急避难场所等多重职责,其结构安全直接影响大规模人群活动的安全性。然而,近年来大跨度钢网架体育场馆安全事故多发,造成了严重的人员伤亡与经济损失,事故原因多由于构件老化、支座生锈、荷载集中导致结构失稳等。相关事故凸显出评定既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全的迫切需求,亟待建立科学系统的安全性评价体系以保障其长效安全运营。
当前,国外基于大跨度钢网架结构的研究多集中在结构监测[1]、钢结构材料复合应用[2]、结构加固[3]、施工技术[4]等方面。国内基于大跨度钢网架结构的研究多集中于结构设计[5]、施工技术[6]、性能监测[7]、结构监测[8]等方面,关于体育场馆安全性的研究多集中于消防安全等方面[9]。国内,武金料[10]以承载力、变形、荷载环境等为准则层建立大跨度钢结构整体安全性评定指标;林金地等[11]通过仿真模拟主体钢结构各施工工况,识别关键钢构件,并对其实施监测,确定钢结构安全性;贾丽欣等[12]借助改进熵权法物元可拓模型评估体育场馆改造过程中的安全性,取得良好的效果;熊仲明等[13]提出运用模糊综合评价法构建大跨度钢结构建筑安全评定方法。然而,现有研究仍存在以下不足:①研究思路上,缺少对大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全性评定体系的深挖与结合,难以突出大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全性的特点,且评定指标体系内部之间缺乏联系,易形成评定结果偏差;②在研究方法上多采用模糊数学、层次分析法、未知测度模型等[14],指标关联性与适应性不足;③研究对象多集中于施工阶段安全性,对其日常维护与检修阶段的深入研究不足,现有的指标体系适配性不足。
鉴于此,笔者拟基于博弈论组合熵权法与物元可拓法,构建具有系统性、时效性且适配既有大跨度钢网架体育场馆日常维护过程中的安全性评价模型,以期精准识别安全隐患和制定针对性维护措施。
1) 简化结构荷载传力路径分析。结构荷载传力路径为荷载作用自上而下由结构内部体系逐级传入地基基础的传递线路。分析荷载传力路径并区分其受力杆件的重要作用,便于精准评定结构杆件安全性。
2) 构件重要性划分。通过分析不同荷载传力路径下结构构件失效而引起的破坏程度与范围,以及可能造成的不安全影响,明确整体结构体系中各个构件所发挥的作用,确定相应构件在不同结构中对于整体结构的影响范围与影响程度,并将其划分为核心构件、重要构件、一般构件3个层级。
参考《民用建筑可靠性鉴定标准》[15]与大跨度钢网架结构、体育场馆安全性评定等相关文献与工程实例,并遵循科学性、独立性、系统性、可行性、代表性等评定指标体系构建的一般原则,建立评定指标体系。既有大跨度钢网架结构体育馆安全性评定指标体系如图1所示。
将既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全性评定指标体系中定性指标划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ这4个评定等级。同时,由于各指标评定计量单位不同,需进行数据标准化处理。
1) 定性指标定量化。按照类比法对定性指标中某一类因素进行“Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ”的等级划分,相对应的量值标准按5种关联程度进行划分“-0.5、-0.25、0、0.25、0.5”[16]
2) 定量指标无量纲化处理。受多个定量因素同时作用时,既有大跨度钢网架结构体育馆安全性判定标准将根据各因素对结构安全性影响大小而定,从而减少评定结果的误差[17],对定性指标采取的无量纲化处理:
e ' = e x - e m i n x e m a x - e m i n x
e ' = e m a x x - e x e m a x - e m i n x
式中: e m a x x为评定指标归一化后取值范围最大值; e m i n x为评定指标归一化后取值范围最小值;e为评定指标归一化无量纲的评定值。
3) 构件-承载力量化标准。依据构件抗力与荷载效应比值方法评估既有大跨度钢网架结构构件承载力等级[18]
4) 地基基础量化标准。地基基础量化标准主要结合《民用建筑可靠性鉴定标准》(GB50292—2015)与《建筑地基基础设计规范》(GB50007—2011)界定。
主客观组合赋权的方法可避免人为因素以及随机数据造成的误差[19],而结合博弈论进行组合赋权能够充分展现多种方法的权重影响因素,在不同方法之间寻求一致性和妥协性,从而更准确地确定权重值[20]
采用层次分析法获得主观权重 Q j = ( Q j 1 Q j 2 Q j n ) Q j n 0 n = 1 m Q j n = 1
式中 Q j n为第j个指标在第n层中的权重。
1) 指标同度量化,指标值占比 T i j = x i j i = 1 m x i j,式中: x i j为第i个样本在第j个指标的实际观测值;m为样本总数;
2) 确定指标熵值, e j = - k i = 1 m p i j l n p i j,式中:ej为指标熵值; p i j为标准化后的概率;k为归一化系数,k>0,设 k = 1 / l n m,确保0≤ e j≤1;
3) 计算差异性系数, v i = 1 - e j,熵值越小,指标间差异系数越大,指标越重要;
4) 权数, Q i = v i j = 1 m v i
利用博弈论思想[21]优化主客观权重 Q j Q i,进而得到指标组合权重。
1) 将主观指标、客观指标权重分别记为 Q 1 Q 2。并先行组合构造组合权重[22],目标计算式如下:
Q = α 1 Q 1 T + α 2 Q 2 T + + α n Q n T
式中: α 1 α 2分别为主客观赋权法的权重组合系数; Q o T Q o的转置矩阵(o=1,2,…,n)。
2) 构造线性方程组为:
Q 1 Q 1 T Q n Q n T     Q n Q 1 T   Q n Q n T α 1     α n = Q 1 Q 1 T     Q n Q n T  
3) 将所求组合系数 α 1 α 2 α n进行归一化处理,得到最终组合系数 α * o : α * o = α o o = 1 n α o
4) 组合权重: Q * = α 1 * Q 1 T + α 2 * Q 2 T + + α * n Q n T
5) 指标赋权结果见表1
物元可拓法[23]是以可拓数学与物元理论为基础,定性与定量相结合的评价方法[24]。以现有规范设计为基础,结合相关研究文献与工程实例,建立既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全性评定模型。
1) 划分安全性等级。评定等级按照安全程度由低到高划分为:Ⅰ级(安全性极高,结构安全)、Ⅱ级(安全性高,结构基本安全)、Ⅲ级(安全性低,结构不安全)、Ⅳ级(安全性极低,结构严重不安全)。
2) 评定等级临界值。评定等级临界值是根据国家规范标准中跳跃式评级连续化,并采用试算法得出[25]。场馆安全等级划分为4级,其对应量值区间为1.0~4.0,分别为Ⅰ级[1.0,2.0)、Ⅱ级[1.5,3.0)、Ⅲ级[2.0,3.5)、Ⅳ级(3.0,4.0],数据向下兼容。
3) 确定评价等级。根据物元可拓模型计算结果和最大隶属度原则,可知总评定目标等级为j0级,为更加精确地反映出评定安全性所属等级,将引用相应公式以求更加精准的描述评定目标的隶属等级[26]
按照评定模型实地勘测甲体育馆、乙游泳馆、丙体育馆、丁竞技中心、戊体育馆等大跨度体育场馆,以甲体育馆为例阐述安全性评定模型。甲体育馆目前处于正常运行状态,该场馆屋盖结构在施工过程中经历一次设计变更,场馆竣工后又曾2次加固屋面结构。经过现场排查,发现结构钢构件未发现明显的锈蚀、变形和机械损伤等可能影响核心构件性能以及整体结构性能的缺陷。
考虑到体育场馆使用场景的不同,在收集该场馆数据前,充分考虑各种工况下屋面结构可能承受的荷载,并进行荷载施加。荷载施加过程采用有限元模型模拟仿真加载,再进行实物加载。以荷载工况1为例,阐述既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全性评定模型的计算过程,各工况荷载施加方案见表2图2
利用模态可观测性的传感器优化布置方法将该场馆在结构构件的不同位置放置了若干个监测点,同时利用全站仪、振动传感器、位移检测器等设备进行测量收集数据,如图3所示。其中,支座变形检测依赖于原结构建成时及其后多次检测数据与初始设计数据分析。
在模拟仿真荷载施加与实物荷载施加之后,收集2组数据并进行对比,结果显示,有91.35%的点位对比结果较为相近,表明模型计算结果良好。此外,有83.65%的计算值均大于现场检测值,说明计算模型结果具有一定的安全性及可靠性。
1) 待评物元建立。通过实物加载,利用位移监测点、震动检测器以及全站仪等仪器,收集结构构件位置的多次数据,并经数据标准化处理后,得到待评物元。
2) 综合评定。一级可拓物元评定:以 A 11 A12为例,借助关联矩阵H与权重W、评定指标V计算可得:
H11t(V)=W11·H11=[0.10 -0.39 -0.66 -0.74]
H12t(V)=W12·H12=[0.21 -0.21 -0.38 -0.45]
最大值为H11t(V11)=0.10、H12t(V12)=0.21,评定等级均为Ⅰ级。
二级可拓物元评定:以A1为例,计算可得:
H1t(V)=W1·H1tj(V)=[0.15 -0.31 -0.53 -0.61]
最大值为 H 1 t ( V 1 ) = 0.15 评定等级为Ⅰ级。
同理,根据最大隶属度原则,基于上述步骤,得到既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全性评定指标体系等级,见表3
三级可拓物元评定:
Ht(V)=W·Hit(V)=[-0.02 -0.12 -0.31 -0.47]
综上,综合评定等级中 H t m a x ( V ) = - 0.02,将其代入评定等级计算式后可得j*=1.70,即该场馆综合评定等级为Ⅱ级。
在各子项、分项以及总体综合评定等级确定后,邀请现场管理人员和专家实地调查与充分讨论建筑物现状,最终确定综合评定等级与建筑物现状高度符合,能够全面、准确地反映大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆结构安全现状。
以上述步骤为例,计算出各工况荷载下该体育场馆结构安全性的等级,见表4
1) 构件状况与等级分布。以荷载工况1为例,在单一影响因素下,评定为Ⅰ级的有7项,约占总量的29.2%;评定为Ⅱ级的有10项,约占总量的41.7%;评定为Ⅲ级的有5项,约占总量的20.8%;评定为Ⅳ级的有2项,约占总量的8.3%。从构件评定等级与现状来看,一般传力构件承载力与屋面板承载力安全性等级处于Ⅳ级,综合现场实际情况来看,部分一般传力构件由于长期无人维护、表层保护漆脱落等造成锈蚀、变形、裂缝等情况,导致部分一般传力路径失效;受现场条件制约,屋面板维护过程中,存在部分区域无法到达、可到达区域部分无法维护等原因,造成屋面板整体承载力严重下降。除此之外,核心传力构件锈蚀、重要传力构件承载力、一般传力构件变形、一般传力构件锈蚀、结构稳定性最大承载力等因素评定等级为Ⅲ级,因此,在实际使用过程中需要加强对该部分构件的日常维护与重点关注,避免向Ⅳ级发展,做到发现问题,及早处理。
2) 不同荷载工况下安全隐患与应对。在荷载工况1、工况2作用下,该场馆安全性评定等级均为Ⅱ级,在荷载工况3作用下,该场馆安全性评定等级为Ⅲ级。综合来看,荷载工况1、工况2作用下,该场馆整体安全性处于可控状态,但在荷载工况2的情况下,j*=2.43,存在向Ⅲ级发展的趋势;在荷载工况3作用下,该场馆整体安全存在一定隐患。在荷载工况3作用下,除一般传力构件外,部分重要传力构件甚至部分核心传力构件存在安全性评定为Ⅲ级的情况,造成该现象的原因不仅有屋顶集中吊挂荷载,更有场馆日常结构维护不到位、管理不及时、构件老化等原因,多因素耦合作用下,导致该场馆在荷载工况3的作用下,场馆存在安全隐患。因此,体育场馆在承接大型活动时,要充分考虑网架吊挂对场馆结构安全的影响,并在日常维护过程中,提升检查频次与覆盖度以及维护效果,确保体育场馆结构安全。
3) 多场馆安全性评估与验证。按照分析甲体育馆的过程,评定乙体育馆、丙游泳馆、丁竞技中心、戊体育馆等场馆的安全性,对4个项目现场勘察评验,评定结果见表5
在评定上述项目的安全性等级后,通过核查现场情况,对比评价结果与现场情况,结果保持一致,表明模型的准确性与可靠性。
1) 通过计算既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全性评定指标体系权重可知:日常维护监测大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆时,应强化对地基、基础以及上部结构中核心传力构件的维护和监测力度,做到防范于未然。
2) 运用博弈论组合赋权法,可有效避免主观评价因素对指标赋权结果的影响;结合物元可拓模型构建的评价体系,实现既有大跨度钢网架结构体育场馆安全性的多层级量化分析,为精准识别安全隐患提供理论支撑。
3) 评定过程未考虑到地震、强风等极端动态荷载可能造成的瞬时冲击影响,可能导致特殊环境下的评估偏差,未来研究需进一步拓展多灾害耦合作用下的评价指标体系,并开发融合数字孪生技术的实时监测平台,实现“数据采集-模型更新-决策优化”的全流程闭环管理。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(51908452)
  • 陕西省社会科学基金资助(2023Q011)
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.1204
  • 接收时间:2024-12-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-14
  • 修回日期:2025-02-18
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(51908452)
陕西省社会科学基金资助(2023Q011)
作者信息
    1 西安建筑科技大学 体育学院,陕西 西安 710055
    2 中天西北建设投资集团有限公司,陕西 西安 710065
    3 北京建筑大学 城市经济与管理学院,北京 100044
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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