Article(id=1148106707374433063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106698197295351, articleNumber=1003-3033(2025)02-0081-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0202, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727020800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-23, revisedDate=1732464000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751659569829, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751659569829, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751659569829, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751659569829, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148106698197295351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2025', volume='35', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751659567641, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401525528, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172190215188894212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106698197295351, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172190215188894213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1148106698197295351, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=81, endPage=88, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149767846047171419, articleId=1148106707374433063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Fire risk assessment of large complex based on order relation analysis method, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To accurately identify and evaluate the fire risk in large-scale urban complexes,a fire risk assessment indicators system was constructed,consisting of 32 secondary indicators across six dimensions: building fire protection,fire protection facilities,electrical fire prevention,fire safety management,emergency response and coordination,and fire protection technical services. The order relation method was employed to determine the subjective weights of each indicator,while the entropy weight method was used to calculate the objective weights. Subsequently,a game-theory-based combined weighting approach was utilized to derive integrated weights,and a cloud model was applied to quantitatively analyze the fire risk of a large complex in a specific city. The results demonstrate that this combining model not only mitigates the subjectivity limitations in indicator weighting but also accounts for the fuzziness and randomness in the evaluation process. The primary risks of the large complex stem from fire protection technical services as well as emergency response and coordination,requiring preventive measures. Furthermore,the evaluation results are consistent with the actual situation,validating the feasibility of the proposed model in assessing fire risks for large-scale urban complexes.

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为准确识别和评估城市中大型综合体的火灾风险,从建筑防火、消防设施、电气防火、消防安全管理、应急处置与联动、消防技术服务6个维度构建包含32个二级指标的火灾风险评估指标体系;采用序关系分析法获得各指标的主观权重,引用熵权法确定各指标的客观权重,基于博弈论组合赋权法确定各指标的组合权重,并应用云模型理论量化分析某市大型综合体的火灾风险。结果表明:该模型不仅能够避免指标权重的主观局限性,还能考虑评估过程中的模糊性和随机性;该大型综合体的主要风险来自于消防技术服务和应急处置与联动,需采取相应的措施防患于未然;评价结果与实际情况相符,验证了该模型在大型综合体火灾风险评估的可行性。

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孙斌 (1971—),男,山东淄博人,硕士,副教授,主要从事火灾风险评估、消防安全管理、智慧消防等方面的研究。E-mail:

毛占利 教授

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孙斌 (1971—),男,山东淄博人,硕士,副教授,主要从事火灾风险评估、消防安全管理、智慧消防等方面的研究。E-mail:

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孙斌 (1971—),男,山东淄博人,硕士,副教授,主要从事火灾风险评估、消防安全管理、智慧消防等方面的研究。E-mail:

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毛占利 教授

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毛占利 教授

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Safety Science, 2023, 163: DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106114., articleTitle=Optimizing the safety of residential quarters in China's compact cities: a safety systems engineering approach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165681864422469702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=44, authorNames=JU Weiyi, WU Jie, KANG Qingchun, journalName=Sustainability, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JU Weiyi, WU Jie, KANG Qingchun, et al. Fire risk assessment of subway stations based on combination weighting of game theory and TOPSIS method[J]. Sustainability, 2022, 15: DOI: 10.3390/su14127275., articleTitle=Fire risk assessment of subway stations based on combination weighting of game theory and TOPSIS method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165681864472801351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=45, authorNames=XIE Shuyi, DONG Shaohua, CHEN Yinuo, journalName=Reliability Engineering & System Safety, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Shuyi, DONG Shaohua, CHEN Yinuo, et al. A novel risk evaluation method for fire and explosion accidents in oil depots using bow-tie analysis and risk matrix analysis method based on cloud model theory[J]. 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Fire safety risk early warning system of elderly nursing homes based on cloud model-fuzzy theory[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2022, 22 (2): 588-598., articleTitle=Fire safety risk early warning system of elderly nursing homes based on cloud model-fuzzy theory, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1165681866507038794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=18, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=48, authorNames=GAO Shenyuan, HUANG Guozhong, XIANG Zhijin, journalName=Applied Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Shenyuan, HUANG Guozhong, XIANG Zhijin, et al. A novel risk assessment for cable fires based on a hybrid cloud-model-enabled dynamic bayesian network method[J]. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13(18): DOI: 10.3390/app131810384., articleTitle=A novel risk assessment for cable fires based on a hybrid cloud-model-enabled dynamic bayesian network method, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1165681860924421107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, awardId=G2021507001, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省自然科学基金资助(G2021507001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1165681860974752756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, awardId=ZDZX202401, language=CN, fundingSource=中国人民警察大学重点专项课题(ZDZX202401), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1165681858344924052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165681858353312661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, companyId=1165681858344924052, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Fire Protection Engineering,China People's Police University,Langfang Hebei 065000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1165681858357506966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, companyId=1165681858344924052, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国人民警察大学 防火工程学院,河北 廊坊 065000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1165681860022645725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Composite cloud diagram and standard cloud diagram, figureFileSmall=CIMYs1QCelcpiQaS5FApSA==, figureFileBig=q/EB/Vg8nou+gDjbadJmyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681860077171678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, language=CN, label=图1, caption=综合云图与标准云图, figureFileSmall=CIMYs1QCelcpiQaS5FApSA==, figureFileBig=q/EB/Vg8nou+gDjbadJmyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1165681860127503328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Fire risk assessment indicator system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级
指标
二级指标 编制依据
建筑防
B1
耐火等级C11 文献[13-16]
防火分隔C12
总平面布局与平面布置C13
建筑外保温C14
建筑内部装饰C15
安全疏散C16
避难设施C17
消防设
B2
消防供水设施C21 文献[17-20]
消火栓系统C22
自动喷水灭火系统C23
火灾自动报警系统C24
防烟排烟系统及通风、
空调系统防火C25
建筑灭火设施配置与布置C26
消防电梯C27
电气防
B3
消防电源C31 文献[12-13]
消防配电C32
用电设施C33
电气火灾监控体系C34
防静电设施C35
消防安
全管理
B4
单位消防安全职责C41 文献[12]和[21]
消防安全责任人的职责C42
消防安全管理人的职责C43
部门负责人和员工职责C44
经营人员职责C45
消防控制室值班员职责C46
应急处
置与联
B5
预案编制C51 文献[12]和[22]
预案演练C52
预案的宣贯和完善C53
联动机制的建立和运行C54
消防技术
服务B6
建筑消防设施监测C61 文献[22-24]
), ArticleFig(id=1165681860203000802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

火灾风险评估指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级
指标
二级指标 编制依据
建筑防
B1
耐火等级C11 文献[13-16]
防火分隔C12
总平面布局与平面布置C13
建筑外保温C14
建筑内部装饰C15
安全疏散C16
避难设施C17
消防设
B2
消防供水设施C21 文献[17-20]
消火栓系统C22
自动喷水灭火系统C23
火灾自动报警系统C24
防烟排烟系统及通风、
空调系统防火C25
建筑灭火设施配置与布置C26
消防电梯C27
电气防
B3
消防电源C31 文献[12-13]
消防配电C32
用电设施C33
电气火灾监控体系C34
防静电设施C35
消防安
全管理
B4
单位消防安全职责C41 文献[12]和[21]
消防安全责任人的职责C42
消防安全管理人的职责C43
部门负责人和员工职责C44
经营人员职责C45
消防控制室值班员职责C46
应急处
置与联
B5
预案编制C51 文献[12]和[22]
预案演练C52
预案的宣贯和完善C53
联动机制的建立和运行C54
消防技术
服务B6
建筑消防设施监测C61 文献[22-24]
), ArticleFig(id=1165681860278498276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Indicator order relation assignment and subjective weighting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级
指标
一级指
标序关
系值
Rk
一级指
标主观
权重
ωk
二级
指标
二级指
标序关
系值
Rk
二级指
标主观
权重
ωk
B1 1.0 0.09 C11 1.0 0.06
C12 1.2 0.08
C13 1.1 0.09
C14 1.3 0.11
C15 1.4 0.16
C16 1.3 0.21
C17 1.4 0.29
B2 1.1 0.10 C21 1.0 0.06
C22 1.1 0.07
C23 1.3 0.09
C24 1.2 0.11
C25 1.5 0.16
C26 1.3 0.21
C27 1.4 0.3
B3 1.2 0.11 C31 1.0 0.1
C32 1.4 0.14
C33 1.2 0.16
C34 1.6 0.26
C35 1.3 0.34
B4 1.3 0.15 C41 1.0 0.09
C42 1.2 0.11
C43 1.1 0.12
C44 1.3 0.16
C45 1.4 0.22
C46 1.4 0.3
B5 1.4 0.21 C51 1.0 0.19
C52 1.1 0.21
C53 1.3 0.27
C54 1.2 0.33
B6 1.6 0.34 C61 1.0 0.25
C62 1.4 0.34
C63 1.2 0.41
), ArticleFig(id=1165681860379161574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

指标序关系赋值与主观权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级
指标
一级指
标序关
系值
Rk
一级指
标主观
权重
ωk
二级
指标
二级指
标序关
系值
Rk
二级指
标主观
权重
ωk
B1 1.0 0.09 C11 1.0 0.06
C12 1.2 0.08
C13 1.1 0.09
C14 1.3 0.11
C15 1.4 0.16
C16 1.3 0.21
C17 1.4 0.29
B2 1.1 0.10 C21 1.0 0.06
C22 1.1 0.07
C23 1.3 0.09
C24 1.2 0.11
C25 1.5 0.16
C26 1.3 0.21
C27 1.4 0.3
B3 1.2 0.11 C31 1.0 0.1
C32 1.4 0.14
C33 1.2 0.16
C34 1.6 0.26
C35 1.3 0.34
B4 1.3 0.15 C41 1.0 0.09
C42 1.2 0.11
C43 1.1 0.12
C44 1.3 0.16
C45 1.4 0.22
C46 1.4 0.3
B5 1.4 0.21 C51 1.0 0.19
C52 1.1 0.21
C53 1.3 0.27
C54 1.2 0.33
B6 1.6 0.34 C61 1.0 0.25
C62 1.4 0.34
C63 1.2 0.41
), ArticleFig(id=1165681860437881832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Secondary indicator assessment values and indicator weight coefficients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评估
指标
专家 平均分
Fi
相对
ωi
信息熵
ej
客观权重
ωj
组合权重
ω'
专家1 专家2 专家3 专家4 专家5 专家6 专家7 专家8
C11 9 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8.000 0.003 0.301 0.029 0.005
C12 9 8 8 9 8 8 9 8 8.375 0.004 0.311 0.029 0.006
C13 9 8 8 9 8 8 9 8 8.375 0.006 0.311 0.029 0.008
C14 8 8 9 9 8 9 9 8 8.500 0.008 0.314 0.028 0.010
C15 9 9 8 8 8 7 9 9 8.375 0.012 0.310 0.029 0.013
C16 9 9 8 9 8 9 9 8 8.500 0.021 0.314 0.028 0.022
C17 9 9 8 9 8 9 9 8 8.625 0.036 0.317 0.028 0.035
C21 7 7 8 8 7 8 7 7 7.375 0.004 0.285 0.030 0.006
C22 7 8 8 7 7 8 8 8 7.625 0.005 0.291 0.029 0.007
C23 7 8 7 8 6 8 8 7 7.375 0.008 0.284 0.030 0.010
C24 8 8 7 8 8 8 7 8 7.750 0.013 0.295 0.029 0.015
C25 9 7 8 7 8 8 7 8 7.750 0.018 0.294 0.029 0.019
C26 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 7.875 0.028 0.298 0.029 0.028
C27 7 7 7 8 7 8 8 8 7.500 0.050 0.288 0.030 0.048
C31 5 4 4 4 6 6 5 6 5.000 0.013 0.215 0.033 0.014
C32 4 5 6 4 5 4 5 6 4.875 0.018 0.211 0.033 0.020
C33 4 5 5 6 4 4 5 5 4.750 0.029 0.207 0.033 0.030
C34 4 5 6 5 6 6 6 5 5.375 0.044 0.227 0.033 0.043
C35 5 5 6 4 4 4 6 5 4.875 0.057 0.211 0.033 0.055
C41 5 6 6 4 5 5 5 4 5.000 0.019 0.215 0.033 0.021
C42 5 6 6 5 5 4 5 4 5.000 0.019 0.215 0.033 0.021
C43 6 5 5 6 5 4 5 5 5.125 0.027 0.219 0.032 0.028
C44 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 4.625 0.035 0.204 0.033 0.035
C45 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 6 4.750 0.039 0.207 0.033 0.038
C46 4 4 5 5 5 6 5 5 4.875 0.058 0.212 0.033 0.056
C51 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 4.375 0.042 0.196 0.033 0.040
C52 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 4.500 0.046 0.200 0.033 0.045
C53 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4.375 0.055 0.196 0.033 0.053
C54 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4.375 0.072 0.195 0.033 0.068
C61 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 4.000 0.063 0.183 0.033 0.060
C62 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4.125 0.069 0.187 0.033 0.066
C63 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 3 4.125 0.083 0.187 0.033 0.078
), ArticleFig(id=1165681860517573610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

二级指标评估数值与指标权重系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评估
指标
专家 平均分
Fi
相对
ωi
信息熵
ej
客观权重
ωj
组合权重
ω'
专家1 专家2 专家3 专家4 专家5 专家6 专家7 专家8
C11 9 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8.000 0.003 0.301 0.029 0.005
C12 9 8 8 9 8 8 9 8 8.375 0.004 0.311 0.029 0.006
C13 9 8 8 9 8 8 9 8 8.375 0.006 0.311 0.029 0.008
C14 8 8 9 9 8 9 9 8 8.500 0.008 0.314 0.028 0.010
C15 9 9 8 8 8 7 9 9 8.375 0.012 0.310 0.029 0.013
C16 9 9 8 9 8 9 9 8 8.500 0.021 0.314 0.028 0.022
C17 9 9 8 9 8 9 9 8 8.625 0.036 0.317 0.028 0.035
C21 7 7 8 8 7 8 7 7 7.375 0.004 0.285 0.030 0.006
C22 7 8 8 7 7 8 8 8 7.625 0.005 0.291 0.029 0.007
C23 7 8 7 8 6 8 8 7 7.375 0.008 0.284 0.030 0.010
C24 8 8 7 8 8 8 7 8 7.750 0.013 0.295 0.029 0.015
C25 9 7 8 7 8 8 7 8 7.750 0.018 0.294 0.029 0.019
C26 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 7.875 0.028 0.298 0.029 0.028
C27 7 7 7 8 7 8 8 8 7.500 0.050 0.288 0.030 0.048
C31 5 4 4 4 6 6 5 6 5.000 0.013 0.215 0.033 0.014
C32 4 5 6 4 5 4 5 6 4.875 0.018 0.211 0.033 0.020
C33 4 5 5 6 4 4 5 5 4.750 0.029 0.207 0.033 0.030
C34 4 5 6 5 6 6 6 5 5.375 0.044 0.227 0.033 0.043
C35 5 5 6 4 4 4 6 5 4.875 0.057 0.211 0.033 0.055
C41 5 6 6 4 5 5 5 4 5.000 0.019 0.215 0.033 0.021
C42 5 6 6 5 5 4 5 4 5.000 0.019 0.215 0.033 0.021
C43 6 5 5 6 5 4 5 5 5.125 0.027 0.219 0.032 0.028
C44 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 4.625 0.035 0.204 0.033 0.035
C45 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 6 4.750 0.039 0.207 0.033 0.038
C46 4 4 5 5 5 6 5 5 4.875 0.058 0.212 0.033 0.056
C51 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 4.375 0.042 0.196 0.033 0.040
C52 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 4.500 0.046 0.200 0.033 0.045
C53 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4.375 0.055 0.196 0.033 0.053
C54 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4.375 0.072 0.195 0.033 0.068
C61 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 4.000 0.063 0.183 0.033 0.060
C62 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4.125 0.069 0.187 0.033 0.066
C63 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 3 4.125 0.083 0.187 0.033 0.078
), ArticleFig(id=1165681860597265388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Standard cloud parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评估等级 等级描述 评估区间 期望值 超熵
Ⅰ级 危险 [0,2) 1 0.85 0.06
Ⅱ级 较危险 [2,4) 3 0.85 0.06
Ⅲ级 一般安全 [4,6) 5 0.85 0.06
Ⅳ级 较安全 [6,8) 7 0.85 0.06
Ⅴ级 安全 [8,10) 9 0.85 0.06
), ArticleFig(id=1165681860668568558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

标准云参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评估等级 等级描述 评估区间 期望值 超熵
Ⅰ级 危险 [0,2) 1 0.85 0.06
Ⅱ级 较危险 [2,4) 3 0.85 0.06
Ⅲ级 一般安全 [4,6) 5 0.85 0.06
Ⅳ级 较安全 [6,8) 7 0.85 0.06
Ⅴ级 安全 [8,10) 9 0.85 0.06
), ArticleFig(id=1165681860727288815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Cloud parameters of each indicator

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级
指标
(ExEnHe) 二级
指标
(ExEnHe)
B1 (8.49,0.06,0.53) C11 (8.00,0.31,0.13)
C12 (8.38,0.59,0.52)
C13 (8.38,0.59,0.52)
C14 (8.50,0.63,0.56)
C15 (8.38,0.78,0.55)
C16 (8.50,0.63,0.56)
C17 (8.63,0.59,0.52)
B2 (7.60,0.07,0.50) C21 (7.38,0.59,0.52)
C22 (7.63,0.59,0.52)
C23 (7.38,0.78,0.55)
C24 (7.75,0.47,0.42)
C25 (7.75,0.71,0.50)
C26 (7.88,0.27,0.24)
C27 (7.50,0.63,0.56)
B3 (5.00,0.13,0.47) C31 (5.00,0.94,0.39)
C32 (4.88,0.82,0.44)
C33 (4.75,0.71,0.50)
C34 (5.38,0.78,0.55)
C35 (4.88,0.82,0.44)
B4 (4.86,0.12,0.40) C41 (5.00,0.63,0.26)
C42 (5.00,0.63,0.26)
C43 (5.13,0.55,0.36)
C44 (4.63,0.59,0.52)
C45 (4.75,0.71,0.50)
C46 (4.88,0.55,0.36)
B5 (4.40,0.12,0.53) C51 (4.38,0.59,0.52)
C52 (4.50,0.63,0.56)
C53 (4.38,0.59,0.52)
C54 (4.38,0.59,0.52)
B6 (4.10,0.08,0.28) C61 (4.00,0.31,0.13)
C62 (4.13,0.27,0.24)
C63 (4.13,0.55,0.36)
), ArticleFig(id=1165681860790203376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1148106707374433063, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各指标的云参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级
指标
(ExEnHe) 二级
指标
(ExEnHe)
B1 (8.49,0.06,0.53) C11 (8.00,0.31,0.13)
C12 (8.38,0.59,0.52)
C13 (8.38,0.59,0.52)
C14 (8.50,0.63,0.56)
C15 (8.38,0.78,0.55)
C16 (8.50,0.63,0.56)
C17 (8.63,0.59,0.52)
B2 (7.60,0.07,0.50) C21 (7.38,0.59,0.52)
C22 (7.63,0.59,0.52)
C23 (7.38,0.78,0.55)
C24 (7.75,0.47,0.42)
C25 (7.75,0.71,0.50)
C26 (7.88,0.27,0.24)
C27 (7.50,0.63,0.56)
B3 (5.00,0.13,0.47) C31 (5.00,0.94,0.39)
C32 (4.88,0.82,0.44)
C33 (4.75,0.71,0.50)
C34 (5.38,0.78,0.55)
C35 (4.88,0.82,0.44)
B4 (4.86,0.12,0.40) C41 (5.00,0.63,0.26)
C42 (5.00,0.63,0.26)
C43 (5.13,0.55,0.36)
C44 (4.63,0.59,0.52)
C45 (4.75,0.71,0.50)
C46 (4.88,0.55,0.36)
B5 (4.40,0.12,0.53) C51 (4.38,0.59,0.52)
C52 (4.50,0.63,0.56)
C53 (4.38,0.59,0.52)
C54 (4.38,0.59,0.52)
B6 (4.10,0.08,0.28) C61 (4.00,0.31,0.13)
C62 (4.13,0.27,0.24)
C63 (4.13,0.55,0.36)
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基于序关系分析法的大型综合体火灾风险评估
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孙斌 , 李浩 , 毛占利 , 柏子聪 , 刘彦谦
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025,35(2): 81-88
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2025, 35(2): 81-88
基于序关系分析法的大型综合体火灾风险评估
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孙斌 , 李浩, 毛占利, 柏子聪, 刘彦谦
作者信息
  • 中国人民警察大学 防火工程学院,河北 廊坊 065000
  • 孙斌 (1971—),男,山东淄博人,硕士,副教授,主要从事火灾风险评估、消防安全管理、智慧消防等方面的研究。E-mail:

    毛占利 教授

Fire risk assessment of large complex based on order relation analysis method
Bin SUN , Hao LI, Zhanli MAO, Zicong BAI, Yanqian LIU
Affiliations
  • School of Fire Protection Engineering,China People's Police University,Langfang Hebei 065000,China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0202
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为准确识别和评估城市中大型综合体的火灾风险,从建筑防火、消防设施、电气防火、消防安全管理、应急处置与联动、消防技术服务6个维度构建包含32个二级指标的火灾风险评估指标体系;采用序关系分析法获得各指标的主观权重,引用熵权法确定各指标的客观权重,基于博弈论组合赋权法确定各指标的组合权重,并应用云模型理论量化分析某市大型综合体的火灾风险。结果表明:该模型不仅能够避免指标权重的主观局限性,还能考虑评估过程中的模糊性和随机性;该大型综合体的主要风险来自于消防技术服务和应急处置与联动,需采取相应的措施防患于未然;评价结果与实际情况相符,验证了该模型在大型综合体火灾风险评估的可行性。

大型综合体  /  火灾风险评估  /  序关系  /  熵权法  /  云图

To accurately identify and evaluate the fire risk in large-scale urban complexes,a fire risk assessment indicators system was constructed,consisting of 32 secondary indicators across six dimensions: building fire protection,fire protection facilities,electrical fire prevention,fire safety management,emergency response and coordination,and fire protection technical services. The order relation method was employed to determine the subjective weights of each indicator,while the entropy weight method was used to calculate the objective weights. Subsequently,a game-theory-based combined weighting approach was utilized to derive integrated weights,and a cloud model was applied to quantitatively analyze the fire risk of a large complex in a specific city. The results demonstrate that this combining model not only mitigates the subjectivity limitations in indicator weighting but also accounts for the fuzziness and randomness in the evaluation process. The primary risks of the large complex stem from fire protection technical services as well as emergency response and coordination,requiring preventive measures. Furthermore,the evaluation results are consistent with the actual situation,validating the feasibility of the proposed model in assessing fire risks for large-scale urban complexes.

large complexes  /  fire risk assessment  /  order relation  /  entropy weight method  /  cloud chart
孙斌, 李浩, 毛占利, 柏子聪, 刘彦谦. 基于序关系分析法的大型综合体火灾风险评估. 中国安全科学学报, 2025 , 35 (2) : 81 -88 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0202
Bin SUN, Hao LI, Zhanli MAO, Zicong BAI, Yanqian LIU. Fire risk assessment of large complex based on order relation analysis method[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (2) : 81 -88 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0202
城市中大型综合体因其体量庞大、功能复杂及人员密集,一旦发生火灾,不仅极易造成众多人员伤亡,还可能导致巨额经济损失和重大社会影响。因此,有必要研究大型综合体火灾风险,以此强化消防安全管理,减少火灾带来的损失。
当前,国内外对大型综合体火灾风险评估进行了广泛研究。FANG Zheng等[1]结合聚类与层次分析法评估了大型商场的火灾风险;LIU Fang等[2]借助结构熵权法量化了大型商业建筑的火灾风险;LI Shiyu等[3]基于灰色风险度法、层次分析法及模糊评价法,比对研究了5栋高层建筑火灾风险。WANG Yongyu等[4]利用故障树分析法和层次分析法探讨了商业综合体的火灾隐患与环境风险;ISHOLA等[5]应用改进方法评估了南非商业综合体的火灾风险;WANG Yijie等[6]提出了基于模糊层次分析法和耦合修正的大型商业及高层建筑火灾风险评估模型;ZOU Quanle等[7]使用安全检查表和结构熵权法建立了商场火灾风险评估模型;李英攀等[8]将层次分析法和熵权法结合以确定组合权重,并通过物元变换评估了大型综合体的火灾风险;张立宁等[9]运用文献综述法、未确知测度理论及熵权理论评估了地下商业综合体的火灾风险;肖国清等[10]结合贝叶斯网络、改进的火灾关联法和层次分析法提出了“双主线”大型城市综合体火灾风险评估模型;秦荣水等[11]应用模糊贝叶斯网络量化分析了城市商业综合体的火灾风险。
上述研究多采用单一的赋权方法,导致评估结果往往过于主观或过于依赖客观数据,缺乏全面性和科学性。大型综合体的火灾风险评估,不仅要考虑多种信息交融带来的不确定性问题,还需避免评估过于绝对化。鉴于此,笔者拟利用序关系分析法计算出主观权重,再用熵权法计算客观权重,随后结合博弈论算出组合权重,最后应用于云模型框架内,以期更为准确、可靠地评估大型综合体的火灾风险。
大型综合体内部功能的复杂性和差异性对火灾风险评估提出了更高要求。例如:餐饮场所和仓储场所区存在更多火灾隐患,需更高效的灭火设施和更严格的防火分隔,KTV等歌舞娱乐游艺场所则需特别注意电气火灾的风险,而电影院的安全疏散需求又与商业区有所不同。此外,各功能区的使用性质和人员密度使得火灾应急预案和联动机制的制定更加复杂。这些功能的特殊性不仅增加了火灾预防和应对的难度,也对消防设施的配备和维护提出了更高要求。从6个维度建立的大型综合体火灾风险评估指标体系见表1
以某地处城市商业中心的大型综合体为评价对象。邀请4位大型综合体消防管理人员和4位消防安全领域相关研究专家根据其经验,通过反复集中讨论对该大型综合体的指标序关系排序,并对评估体系中的二级指标打分。
评估指标集{X1X2,…,Xl}中,若评估指标Xi(i =1,2,…,l)的重要性程度高于Xj(j =1,2,…,lji),则记为XiXj,序关系排序为: X 1 * X 2 * ≥ … ≥ X l *。设 X k *为指标的重要程度,相邻指标 X k * - 1 X k *的重要程度之比为RkRk赋值标准采用比例标度[25]。各指标序关系赋值见表2
R k = X k * - 1 / X k * ( k   =   l   l - 1   2 )
主观权重直接反映专家对大型综合体火灾风险的主观评估,各指标的主观权重ωk表示为:
ω k = 1 + k = 2 l i = k l R i - 1
ω k - 1 = R k · ω k ( k   =   m   m - 1 2 )
表2可知各指标的主观权重计算结果ωk。一级指标权重与二级指标权重相乘为二级指标相对于评估目标的主观权重ωi,结果见表3
熵权法基于信息熵原理,通过量化指标差异性确定权重,信息熵越低,指标的重要性越高[26],该方法有效减少了专家判断中的主观偏差,具有合理可行性。
将评估体系中二级指标的平均分Fi作为该指标的评估值。
各专家评分所占的比重pij、信息熵ej和各指标的客观权重 ωj分别表示为:
p i j = x i j i = 1 n x i j   i = 1,2 n   j = 1,2 m
e j = - 1 l n n i = 1 n p i j l n p i j
ω j = ( 1 - e j ) / j = 1 m ( 1 - e j )
式中:xij为专家i对指标j的评分;ej反映指标数据的均匀程度,根据信息熵计算结果见表3
将相对主观权重ωi=[ω11ω12、…、 ω 1 m]和客观权重ωj=[ω21ω22、…、 ω 2 m]视为博弈双方,通过博弈论的原理分配两者之间的权重比例[27]
利用矩阵微分性质,将该问题转化为最优化一阶导数条件的线性方程组,求得线性组合系数λ1λ2。将λ1λ2分别归一化处理,得到最优组合系数λ'1λ'2。通过下式计算组合权重ω'。主客观权重的综合结果见表3
ω i ω i T ω i ω j T   ω j ω i T ω j ω j T λ 1   λ 2 = ω i ω i T   ω j ω j T
λ ' 1 = | λ 1 | | λ 1 | + | λ 2 |   λ ' 2 = | λ 2 | | λ 1 | + | λ 2 |
ω ' = λ ' 1 ω i + λ ' 2 ω j
在吸纳专家建议基础上,结合文献[28-29],将大型综合体火灾风险评估结果划分为安全、较安全、一般安全、较危险、危险5个等级,并划分区间。设超熵 H e 0=0.06[30],标准云参数表示为:
E x 0 = Q m i n + Q m a x 2 H e 0 = 0.06 E n 0 = Q m a x - Q m i n 2.355
式中:QminQmax分别为评估区间的上下限; E x 0为期望值; E n 0为熵。表4为标准云参数计算结果。
依据专家对该大型综合体的打分结果(采用熵权法),计算各二级指标的云参数。各一级指标的云参数及综合云参数为:
S j 2 = 1 n - 1 i = 1 n x i - 1 n i = 1 n x i j 2 E x j = 1 n i = 1 n x i j E n j = π 2 · 1 n i = 1 n x i - 1 n i = 1 n x i j H e j = S j 2 - E n j 2
E x = j = 1 N E x j E n j ω ' j j = 1 N E n j ω ' j   E n = j = 1 N E n j ω ' j   H e = j = 1 N H e j E n j ω ' j j = 1 N E n j ω ' j
式中:Sj E x j E n j H e j分别为第j个二级指标的标准差、期望值、熵值和超熵值;N为二级指标个数;ω'j为第j个二级指标的组合权重;ExEnHe分别为综合期望值、综合熵值和综合超熵值。
各指标云参数见表5,综合云参数结果为:Ex=5.41,En=0.59,He=0.45。
根据最大隶属度原则,对比该大型综合体火灾风险评估综合云图与标准云图中的位置确定最终评估结果可靠性方面的有效性,综合云图与标准云图如图1所示。评估结果显示为一般安全,安全等级较低。该大型综合体在消防技术服务和应急处置与联动2个方面存在明显不足,需进一步加强管理。
1) 从建筑防火、消防设施、电气防火、消防安全管理、应急处置与联动以及消防技术服务6个方面得到大型综合体火灾风险评估指标体系。
2) 基于序关系分析法,并结合博弈论的组合赋权法,兼顾了主观与客观因素的平衡,云模型理论充分考虑了评价过程中存在的模糊性和随机性问题。
3) 某大型综合体的火灾风险评估结果为Ⅲ级,为“一般安全”;该大型综合体的消防技术服务和应急处置与联动方面存在明显的薄弱环节,建议加强相关措施。
  • 河北省自然科学基金资助(G2021507001)
  • 中国人民警察大学重点专项课题(ZDZX202401)
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2025年第35卷第2期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0202
  • 接收时间:2024-09-23
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-23
  • 修回日期:2024-11-25
基金
河北省自然科学基金资助(G2021507001)
中国人民警察大学重点专项课题(ZDZX202401)
作者信息
    中国人民警察大学 防火工程学院,河北 廊坊 065000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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