Article(id=1149735928081592413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735925967663173, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)10-0183-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0299, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713024000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-14, revisedDate=1721232000000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752048006315, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1730044800000, pubDateStr=2024-10-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752048006315, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752048006315, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752048006315, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149735925967663173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752048005811, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756361993174, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167830100474082271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735925967663173, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167830100478276576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149735925967663173, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=183, endPage=189, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149735928299696228, articleId=1149735928081592413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Analysis of information transmission characteristics of large-scale sports event organizations: taking "5·22" cross-country race accident in Gansu Baiyin as an example, columnId=1149733270084042840, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Public safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To deeply analyze the information transmission characteristics of large-scale sports events organizations,the effects of various organizations during the information transmission process were analyzed taking "5·22" cross-country race accident in Gansu Baiyin as an example. Firstly,an event organization information transmission model was proposed based on STAMP model. Moreover,the transmission process was divided into four stages: preparation,incident occurrence,emergency response,and post-incident handling,and analyzed from three levels: individual,enterprise,and government. Then,CN theory was used to develop an organizational information transmission network structure and identify key information nodes and paths. Finally,the entropy weight method was used to propose the information edge weight calculation model. The results indicated that the key information nodes were mainly concentrated at the individual and government levels,especially in the preparation stage when the information load of transmission paths was relatively high. However,enterprises showed insufficient responsibility at this stage,particularly in the acquisition and transmission of weather information,leading to impaired decision-making and actions at critical moments.

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为深入分析大型体育赛事组织信息传递特性,以“5·22”甘肃白银越野赛事故为例,剖析各组织在信息传递过程中的影响。首先,基于系统论的事故过程致因(STAMP)模型,构建赛事组织信息传递模型,并将传递过程划分为赛前准备、事故发生、应急救援和善后处置4个阶段,分别从个人、企业和政府3个层级进行分析;然后,利用复杂网络(CN)理论,建立组织信息传递网络结构,识别重要信息节点和路径;最后,采用熵权法构建信息量边载权重计算模型。结果表明: 重要信息节点主要集中于个人层和政府层,尤其在赛前准备阶段的传递路径信息量较高,而企业层在此阶段的责任履行不足,特别是在天气信息的获取与传递上存在缺失,导致关键时刻的决策和行动受阻。

, correspAuthors=弥芯怡, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 弥芯怡(2001—),女,陕西西安人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为城市公共安全与应急管理、大型活动风险评估与安全管理。E-mail:
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李 华 (1979—),女,陕西西安人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事企业风险评估与安全管理、建筑安全监测与监控、公共安全与应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:

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李 华 (1979—),女,陕西西安人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事企业风险评估与安全管理、建筑安全监测与监控、公共安全与应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:

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李 华 (1979—),女,陕西西安人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事企业风险评估与安全管理、建筑安全监测与监控、公共安全与应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:

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An edge importance measurement method based on information dissemination characteristics[J]. 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Node numbers

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节点编号 节点名称 节点编号 节点名称
V1 市委、市政府 V 12 应急部门
V 2 县委、县政府 V 13 公安部门
V 3 景区管理方 V 14 工信部门
V 4 融媒体中心 V 15 武警部门
V 5 文广旅中心 V 16 消防部门
V 6 体育部门 V 17 专业救援队
V 7 气象部门 V 18 石林公司
V 8 财政部门 V 19 晟景公司
V 9 宣传部门 V 20 参赛人员
V 10 交通部门 V 21 现场村民
V 11 卫生健康委
), ArticleFig(id=1167812116737176418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735928081592413, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

节点编号

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
节点编号 节点名称 节点编号 节点名称
V1 市委、市政府 V 12 应急部门
V 2 县委、县政府 V 13 公安部门
V 3 景区管理方 V 14 工信部门
V 4 融媒体中心 V 15 武警部门
V 5 文广旅中心 V 16 消防部门
V 6 体育部门 V 17 专业救援队
V 7 气象部门 V 18 石林公司
V 8 财政部门 V 19 晟景公司
V 9 宣传部门 V 20 参赛人员
V 10 交通部门 V 21 现场村民
V 11 卫生健康委
), ArticleFig(id=1167812116804285283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735928081592413, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Transfer path importance calculations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径 重要度 路径 重要度 路径 重要度
V1V2 0.05 V6V10 0.05 V12V17 0.06
V1V4 0.02 V7V10 0.03 V13V15 0.02
V1V9 0.09 V7V12 0.09 V13V16 0.02
V1V11 0.09 V7V14 0.05 V13V20 0.05
V2V3 0.07 V9V18 0.09 V13V21 0.06
V2V4 0.04 V10V14 0.06 V14V20 0.5
V3V5 0.05 V10V17 0.07 V14V21 0.05
V3V10 0.08 V11V12 0.05 V15V16 0.01
V4V11 0.07 V11V13 0.05 V17V19 0.05
V5V6 0.03 V11V15 0.03 V17V20 0.02
V5V7 0.08 V11V16 0.03 V18V19 0.07
V5V8 0.06 V12V13 0.04 V18V21 0.08
V5V9 0.09 V12V14 0.05 V19V20 0.06
V6V7 0.05 V12V15 0.04 V19V21 0.03
V6V8 0.04 V12V16 0.04 V20V21 0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1167812116921725796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735928081592413, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

传递路径重要度计算

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径 重要度 路径 重要度 路径 重要度
V1V2 0.05 V6V10 0.05 V12V17 0.06
V1V4 0.02 V7V10 0.03 V13V15 0.02
V1V9 0.09 V7V12 0.09 V13V16 0.02
V1V11 0.09 V7V14 0.05 V13V20 0.05
V2V3 0.07 V9V18 0.09 V13V21 0.06
V2V4 0.04 V10V14 0.06 V14V20 0.5
V3V5 0.05 V10V17 0.07 V14V21 0.05
V3V10 0.08 V11V12 0.05 V15V16 0.01
V4V11 0.07 V11V13 0.05 V17V19 0.05
V5V6 0.03 V11V15 0.03 V17V20 0.02
V5V7 0.08 V11V16 0.03 V18V19 0.07
V5V8 0.06 V12V13 0.04 V18V21 0.08
V5V9 0.09 V12V14 0.05 V19V20 0.06
V6V7 0.05 V12V15 0.04 V19V21 0.03
V6V8 0.04 V12V16 0.04 V20V21 0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1167812117022389093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735928081592413, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Information importance calculation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
信息 重要度 信息 重要段 信息 重要度
V1V2 4.21 V6V10 7.36 V12V17 4.80
V1V4 4.03 V7V10 8.37 V13V15 4.19
V1V9 3.62 V7V12 7.18 V13V16 4.18
V1V11 3.62 V7V14 8.01 V13V20 7.99
V2V3 4.63 V9V18 8.19 V13V21 8.19
V2V4 5.02 V10V14 6.99 V14V20 7.56
V3V5 8.23 V10V17 4.40 V14V21 7.38
V3V10 6.60 V11V12 4.61 V15V16 4.56
V4V11 4.81 V11V13 3.40 V17V19 4.96
V5V6 7.98 V11V15 3.40 V17V20 4.96
V5V7 8.62 V11V16 3.61 V18V19 7.21
V5V8 4.42 V12V13 4.24 V18V21 7.39
V5V9 7.15 V12V14 6.23 V19V20 8.99
V6V7 6.97 V12V15 5.40 V19V21 7.76
V6V8 4.23 V12V16 5.19 V20V21 7.19
), ArticleFig(id=1167812117144023910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149735928081592413, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

信息量重要度计算

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
信息 重要度 信息 重要段 信息 重要度
V1V2 4.21 V6V10 7.36 V12V17 4.80
V1V4 4.03 V7V10 8.37 V13V15 4.19
V1V9 3.62 V7V12 7.18 V13V16 4.18
V1V11 3.62 V7V14 8.01 V13V20 7.99
V2V3 4.63 V9V18 8.19 V13V21 8.19
V2V4 5.02 V10V14 6.99 V14V20 7.56
V3V5 8.23 V10V17 4.40 V14V21 7.38
V3V10 6.60 V11V12 4.61 V15V16 4.56
V4V11 4.81 V11V13 3.40 V17V19 4.96
V5V6 7.98 V11V15 3.40 V17V20 4.96
V5V7 8.62 V11V16 3.61 V18V19 7.21
V5V8 4.42 V12V13 4.24 V18V21 7.39
V5V9 7.15 V12V14 6.23 V19V20 8.99
V6V7 6.97 V12V15 5.40 V19V21 7.76
V6V8 4.23 V12V16 5.19 V20V21 7.19
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大型体育赛事组织信息传递特性分析:以甘肃白银“5·22”越野赛事故为例
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李华 , 弥芯怡 ** , 吴立舟
中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2024,34(10): 183-189
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中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2024, 34(10): 183-189
大型体育赛事组织信息传递特性分析:以甘肃白银“5·22”越野赛事故为例
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李华 , 弥芯怡** , 吴立舟
作者信息
  • 西安建筑科技大学 资源工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
  • 李 华 (1979—),女,陕西西安人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事企业风险评估与安全管理、建筑安全监测与监控、公共安全与应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 弥芯怡(2001—),女,陕西西安人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为城市公共安全与应急管理、大型活动风险评估与安全管理。E-mail:
Analysis of information transmission characteristics of large-scale sports event organizations: taking "5·22" cross-country race accident in Gansu Baiyin as an example
Hua LI , Xinyi MI** , Lizhou WU
Affiliations
  • School of Resources Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an Shaanxi 710055,China
出版时间: 2024-10-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0299
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为深入分析大型体育赛事组织信息传递特性,以“5·22”甘肃白银越野赛事故为例,剖析各组织在信息传递过程中的影响。首先,基于系统论的事故过程致因(STAMP)模型,构建赛事组织信息传递模型,并将传递过程划分为赛前准备、事故发生、应急救援和善后处置4个阶段,分别从个人、企业和政府3个层级进行分析;然后,利用复杂网络(CN)理论,建立组织信息传递网络结构,识别重要信息节点和路径;最后,采用熵权法构建信息量边载权重计算模型。结果表明: 重要信息节点主要集中于个人层和政府层,尤其在赛前准备阶段的传递路径信息量较高,而企业层在此阶段的责任履行不足,特别是在天气信息的获取与传递上存在缺失,导致关键时刻的决策和行动受阻。

大型体育赛事  /  组织信息传递  /  系统论事故过程致因(STAMP)模型  /  复杂网络(CN)理论  /  熵权法

To deeply analyze the information transmission characteristics of large-scale sports events organizations,the effects of various organizations during the information transmission process were analyzed taking "5·22" cross-country race accident in Gansu Baiyin as an example. Firstly,an event organization information transmission model was proposed based on STAMP model. Moreover,the transmission process was divided into four stages: preparation,incident occurrence,emergency response,and post-incident handling,and analyzed from three levels: individual,enterprise,and government. Then,CN theory was used to develop an organizational information transmission network structure and identify key information nodes and paths. Finally,the entropy weight method was used to propose the information edge weight calculation model. The results indicated that the key information nodes were mainly concentrated at the individual and government levels,especially in the preparation stage when the information load of transmission paths was relatively high. However,enterprises showed insufficient responsibility at this stage,particularly in the acquisition and transmission of weather information,leading to impaired decision-making and actions at critical moments.

large-scale sporting events  /  organizational information transfer  /  system theoretic accident modeling and processes (STAMP) model  /  complex network (CN) theory  /  entropy weight method
李华, 弥芯怡, 吴立舟. 大型体育赛事组织信息传递特性分析:以甘肃白银“5·22”越野赛事故为例. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (10) : 183 -189 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0299
Hua LI, Xinyi MI, Lizhou WU. Analysis of information transmission characteristics of large-scale sports event organizations: taking "5·22" cross-country race accident in Gansu Baiyin as an example[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (10) : 183 -189 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0299
随着人类对休闲活动和亲近自然的追求不断加深,体育赛事在我国呈现蓬勃发展态势[1]。然而,参赛人数与规模扩大为赛事带来复杂性和不可预测性。2021年甘肃白银景泰百公里越野赛发生严重伤亡事故,对公共安全构成巨大威胁。信息传递与处理是赛事安全管理工作核心[2]。研究赛事信息传递机制,剖析其要素间影响关系,是贯彻国家政策的必要措施,对推动赛事安全发展具有重要意义。
目前,国内外有关信息传递研究主要包括信息传递机制、信息传递途径和信息接收与处理等方面。如席永涛等[3]应用空间故障网络(Space Fault Network,SFN)理论和决策试验与评估实验室方法,构建北极冰区船舶航行风险信息传递网络模型;ZHANG Yuexia等[4]基于改进传染病模型和复杂网络(Complex Network,CN)理论研究了社交信息传递;杨琳等[5]通过调查风险因素之间关系建立风险信息网络,将NetMiner工具用于可视化分析节点信息接收与处理。上述研究侧重于利用CN理论和SFN等方法进行社交、风险和灾害等领域的信息传递建模分析,在体育赛事领域研究方面较为缺乏,未充分考虑信息传递过程中的关键因素,如信息接收与处理、传递路径和信息量的影响。
鉴于此,笔者拟以大型体育赛事为研究对象,分析其组织信息传递中各因素协同高效性问题。基于系统论事故过程致因(System Theoretic Accident Modeling and Processes,STAMP)模型思想,构建大型体育赛事组织信息传递模型,同时结合CN理论和熵权法进行综合分析,辨识影响组织信息传递效率的关键部门以及需要重点控制的传递路径,以期为提升赛事安全性和有效管理提供理论支持。
依据《中华人民共和国体育法》和《大型群众性活动安全管理条例》等法律条例可知:大型体育赛事筹办周期长,规模大,公共财政参与度高,对城市的经济、社会、文化及环境产生深远影响。
1) STAMP是一种系统理论事故因果过程模型[6],其框架如图1所示。该模型提供3种主要控制缺陷分析复杂系统安全性,包括控制指令不足、控制行为执行不充分、反馈信息不足[7]
2) CN理论[8]适用于研究复杂系统,主要分析网络中节点和边之间相互作用和演化,具有整体特性和个体特性。
aij为节点i入度,即其他节点指向节点i连接线数量;aji为节点i出度,即节点i指向其他节点连接线数量。
边介数B(e)表示网络中所有最短路径中经过某条边的数量比例。反映网络中信息传播路径中某条边的重要性。计算方法如下式:
B (e) = i j g i j ( e ) g i j
式中:gij(e)为最短路径中经过边e数量;gij为节点i到节点j的最短路径总数量。
熵权法[9]依据各指标包含信息量多少来确定指标权重大小,通过计算各因素信息熵,为多属性决策提供客观、综合的权重分配。具体步骤如下:
构建指标评估矩阵U=(uij ) n × m(i=1,2,…,n;j=1,2,…,m),其中,n为专家人数,m为指标数量,uij为第i位专家对第j条指标评分,并对其进行归一化处理,计算方法如下式:
G i j = u i j - m i n ( U ( * j ) ) m a x ( U ( * j ) ) - m i n ( U ( * j ) )
式中:min(U(*j))为第j列中所有元素的最小值,max(U(*j))为第j列中所有元素的最大值。
获得标准化评估矩阵G=(gij ) n × m后,利用下式计算信息熵Hi,进而得到信息熵计算结果 H=[h1h2,…,hn]。
H i = - 1 l n n i = 1 n p i j l n p i j p i j = G i j i = 1 n G i j
通过下式计算每个专家对应权重Ri,得到专家权重R=[r1r2,…,rn]。结合评估矩阵U和专家权重R计算,最终获得每条指标权重W=R×U
R i = 1 - h i m - j = 1 m h i
甘肃白银景泰“5·22”黄河石林百公里越野赛因其规模宏大、参与者众多,对当地经济、文化、旅游等方面具有重要影响,被相关体育部门界定为大型体育赛事。“5·22”事故时间线整理如下:
1) 赛事开始。2021年5月22日9:00,黄河石林百公里越野赛暨乡村振兴健康跑正常开赛。
2) 天气突变。上午10:30,赛事区域开始降水,参赛人员体感温度下降到-5~-3℃。
3) 应急救援。14:10左右,相关部门实施救援。直至次日12:00,应急救援行动结束。
4) 事故结果。事故造成21人遇难,8人受伤。
基于STAMP模型建立大型体育赛事组织信息传递模型,如图2所示。各阶段组织约束及失效行为分析如图3所示。图3中,通过分析事故各阶段触发机制,如赛前准备阶段—赛前筹备、事故发生阶段—赛程开始、应急救援阶段—应急响应通知、善后处置阶段—救援行动结束,将时间线融入STAMP模型框架中。融入时间线的STAMP模型有助于分析事故各阶段对系统信息传递影响以及各组织在不同阶段信息传递影响等,可提出更有效的安全管理策略。
STAMP模型层级结构可映射到CN拓扑结构中[10]。大型体育赛事组织信息传递系统演变过程实际上是一个由个人、企业机构和政府部门组合的组织网络系统。将上述信息传递到STAMP模型中所有层级,将体育赛事信息系统演变过程抽象为一个由21个节点(V1V2,…,V21)和代表节点关联关系的连接边所形成的组织网络,对应节点编号见表1
用邻接矩阵将STAMP模型信息传递路径转化为CN结构连接边的过程,计算公式为:
e i j = 1 i j 0 i j
将邻接矩阵关系转为逗号分隔(CSV)文件导入Ucinit6软件,利用软件网络可视化工具将网络结构进行可视化,生成网络结构如图4所示。
STAMP模型提供系统全局视角,揭示信息传递全貌,通过量化CN结构,分析信息传递路径和节点影响程度。这种定性结合定量的方法提升了研究全面性和深度。
在信息论观点中,信源、信宿、信道和信息量是信息网络中的关键因素,形成一个相互交织的复杂系统[11]。通过结合这些因素与网络特征值,深入分析大型体育赛事组织信息传递复杂特性。
在大型体育赛事组织信息网络中,接收者和传递者可视为其中节点V。在网络结构中,衡量节点接收和传递作用影响,其重要度通常由节点出度值与入度值特征衡量。计算结果如图5所示。
图5可知:重要信息接收者主要集中在个人层级。参赛人员是赛事组织信息的关键接收者,重要度为5,表明其对赛事信息的理解和响应至关重要。消防部门和现场村民的信息接收重要度为4,消防部门需及时接收紧急情况信息并展开救援,现场村民作为直接目击者是首要响应者。
重要信息传递者集中在政府层级。应急部门作为关键传递者,重要度为5,负责将紧急情况信息传递给相关方,确保紧急响应系统有效运作。市委市政府作为地方政府核心,协调相关部门采取保障措施。文广旅中心向公众传递赛事重要信息,卫生健康委及时传递医疗信息给相关部门和个人,确保医疗应对。公安部门通过信息共享,迅速响应潜在安全威胁。
在大型体育赛事组织信息网络中,传递路径视为连接2节点的边。在网络结构中,边介数通常用来衡量信息传递路径重要性,介数越高表示这条边在信息传递过程中影响作用越重要。计算方法见式(1),计算结果见表2
表2可知:重要信息传递路径主要集中在赛前准备阶段,路径V1V9V1V11V5V9V9V18重要度均为0.09。其中,市委市政府通过与宣传部门、卫生健康委等紧密合作,确保赛事信息及时传达和医疗保障。文广旅中心与宣传部门的协作在维持信息一致性和透明度方面至关重要。宣传部门与石林公司之间信息传递能够及时协调赛事安排和应对突发情况。路径V7V12属于应急救援阶段,气象部门与应急部门的信息传递主要关注天气对赛事的影响,对制定应急措施起关键作用。
在信息传递过程中,不同传递路径传递的信息量不同,继而对体育赛事发展产生不同影响。基于信息熵理论,计算大型体育赛事组织信息网络中每条边所传递信息量重要度。
首先,收集5位专家对网络中45条边所传递信息量重要性评分结果(参照十标度打分法),得到评估矩阵如下式,根据式(2)归一化处理评估矩阵U,得到矩阵G
U = 4 4 8 7   5 5 6 6   4 4 8 8   4 4 8 8   4 3 9 7
G = 0.25 0.25 0.75 0.63   0.38 0.38 0.50 0.50   0.25 0.25 0.75 0.75   0.25 0.25 0.75 0.75   0.25 0.25 0.88 0.63
由式(3)计算出信息熵H=[19.18,19.52,18.78,17.93,16.54],通过式(4)计算每个专家对应权重R=[0.21,0.21,0.20,0.20,0.18]。计算每条边传递信息量重要度W=U×R,结果见表3
表3可知:重要信息主要集中在赛前准备和事故发生阶段。其中,路径V19V20信息量重要度最高,为8.99,表明晟景公司与参赛人员的联系最为紧密,传递的赛事规程、补给和预警信息尤为关键。此外,气象部门与文广旅中心、交通部门、工信部门之间的信息传递也很重要,重要度分别为8.62、8.37和8.01,表明天气变化信息在赛事中的关键作用。景区管理方与文广旅中心、宣传部门与石林公司、公安部门与现场村民之间的信息传递同样至关重要。景区管理方与文广旅中心的紧密合作确保现场信息准确传达,宣传部门与石林公司的信息传递影响赛事宣传效果,公安部门与现场村民的沟通关系到安全和应急响应。
1) 基于STAMP模型与CN理论构建的大型体育赛事组织信息传递模型和网络结构,将传递过程划分为赛前准备、事故发生、应急救援和善后处置4个阶段,从个人层、企业层、政府层3个系统层面进行分析,全面涵盖信息传递的关键阶段和层级。
2) 结合信息论与熵权法,分别构建信息接收者与信息传递者、信息路径与信息量边载权重计算模型。模型展示了信息传递网络中的重要节点、路径和权重,优化了信息传递机制。重要节点集中于个人层和政府层,如参赛人员和应急部门;重要路径集中于赛前准备阶段,如广旅中心与宣传部门。赛前准备和事故发生阶段的信息量权重较高,特别是晟景公司与参赛人员之间的信息量最为显著。
3) 深入分析“5·22”事故信息传递特性发现,企业层在信息传递中责任不足,尤其在赛前准备阶段,未能充分履行职责,导致关键时刻信息难以快速传达,揭示了传递中的薄弱环节。此外,天气变化信息在多条关键路径中起重要作用,但企业未能充分考虑,影响了关键时刻的决策和行动。
  • 陕西省社科界重大理论与现实问题研究联合项目(2023HZ1473)
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2024年第34卷第10期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0299
  • 接收时间:2024-04-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-10-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-14
  • 修回日期:2024-07-18
基金
陕西省社科界重大理论与现实问题研究联合项目(2023HZ1473)
作者信息
    西安建筑科技大学 资源工程学院,陕西 西安 710055

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** 弥芯怡(2001—),女,陕西西安人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为城市公共安全与应急管理、大型活动风险评估与安全管理。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
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Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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