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In order to clarify inerting effect of liquid nitrogen on the thermal runaway explosion of a 280Ah energy storage lithium battery，based on experiment analysis of composition and explosion limit of battery thermal runaway gas，FLACS was used to simulate explosion overpressure of battery thermal runaway gas in a storage container. Standard experiments and real experiments were carried out to analyze inerting effect of liquid nitrogen on battery thermal runaway gas. Results show that thermal runaway gas explosion overpressure increases gradually with an increase of its volume. Ignition of more than 1.1 m3 of thermal runaway gas can cause serious consequences. A single 280 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery in 100% charged state，heating in a vacuum state，heating in a vacuum state can trigger thermal runaway of the battery and produce 134.6 L of thermal runaway gas with CO2，H2，CO，CH4 and C2H4 as the main components. Thermal runaway gas is a flammable gas，and explosion limit range is between 8.5% and 45.5%. N2 can effectively inert thermal runaway gas and significantly reduce the explosion limit range of thermal runaway gas. Limiting N2 volume fraction is 84.7%. Spray 69 kg liquid nitrogen into a 35 m3 energy storage container to inert battery thermal runaway gas. When volume fraction of N2 is higher than limiting nitrogen volume fraction，battery thermal runaway gas can be effectively inerted，and effective protection time is 2 200 s.
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为明确液氮对280 Ah储能锂电池热失控燃爆的惰化效果，在试验分析电池热失控气体成分和爆炸极限的基础上，利用火焰加速模拟(FLACS)软件模拟计算储能集装箱内电池热失控气体爆炸超压后果，并开展标准试验和实体试验，分析液氮对电池热失控气体的惰化抑爆效果。结果表明：热失控气体爆炸超压随着自身体积的增多逐渐升高，点燃超过1.1 m3热失控气体会造成较为严重的后果；单个100%充电状态的280 Ah磷酸铁锂电池，真空状态下加热可触发电池热失控，并产生134.6 L以CO2、H2、CO、CH4和C2H4为主要成分的热失控气体。热失控气体为可燃气体，爆炸极限范围为8.5%~45.5%;N2能够有效惰化热失控气体，并显著减小热失控气体爆炸极限范围，极限N2体积分数为84.7%;向35 m3储能集装箱内喷射69 kg液氮惰化电池热失控气体，当箱内N2体积分数高于极限N2体积分数时能够有效惰化电池热失控气体，有效保护时间为2 200 s。
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张少禹 (1964—)，男，天津人，硕士，研究员，主要从事锂离子电池火灾防控、固定灭火系统、消防产品检测及标准化等方面的研究。E-mail：zhang_shaoyu@tfri.com.cn。
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张少禹 (1964—)，男，天津人，硕士，研究员，主要从事锂离子电池火灾防控、固定灭火系统、消防产品检测及标准化等方面的研究。E-mail：zhang_shaoyu@tfri.com.cn。
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王玥，助理研究员。
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王玥，助理研究员。
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董海斌，研究员。
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董海斌，研究员。
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陈晔，副研究员。
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陈晔，副研究员。
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