Article(id=1228805368088822527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805359561802007, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.06.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745337600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-23, revisedDate=1747756800000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770899629852, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770899629852, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770899629852, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770899629852, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228805359561802007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='6', pageStart='1133', pageEnd='1362', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770899627819, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770901542852, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228813391846896476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805359561802007, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228813391846896477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805359561802007, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1335, endPage=1343, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228805368378229521, articleId=1228805368088822527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Dynamical property analysis of gear system with mass eccentricity incorporating dynamic meshing parameters and time-varying backlash, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Gear systems in precision machinery and aerospace applications are subjected to complex vibration problems due to mass eccentricity, time-varying backlash, and dynamic meshing parameter variations. A nonlinear dynamic model with six degrees of freedom is established, incorporating time-varying meshing stiffness, derived using the potential energy method and mass eccentricity. The Runge-Kutta method is employed to solve the system response under varying eccentricities and rotational speeds. Time-domain and frequency-domain analyses, phase portraits, and Poincaré maps are used to investigate the dynamic characteristics. The results indicate that mass eccentricity significantly influences system behavior, leading to the evolution from single-period to multi-period motions (e.g., 20-period cycles), and aggravates bifurcation and oscillation phenomena. The findings provide theoretical support for structural optimization and vibration control of gear transmission systems.

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针对齿轮系统中质量偏心与时变参数耦合作用引起的非线性振动问题,建立了考虑动态啮合刚度与时变齿侧间隙的六自由度动力学模型,重点分析质量偏心对系统非线性动力学行为的影响机制。基于势能法构建了时变啮合刚度模型,引入时变齿侧间隙与质量偏心,推导出系统动力学微分方程。数值分析结果表明,质量偏心显著诱发系统由单周期向多周期(如20倍周期)运动演化,且随着偏心距的增大,系统振动幅值和分岔现象明显增强,揭示了其在系统非线性演化过程中的关键作用。研究结果可为高精度齿轮系统的结构优化设计与振动控制提供理论依据。

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侯磊(1987—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2019, 132: 18-34., articleTitle=Nonlinear dynamic modelling and analysis for a spur gear system with time-varying pressure angle and gear backlash, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1228805374594187371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805368088822527, awardId=12422213, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(12422213), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228805374673879152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805368088822527, awardId=12372008, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(12372008), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228805374745182325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805368088822527, awardId=U244120491, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(U244120491), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228805374820679798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, 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label=Tab.1, caption=

Gear parameters[22]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数符号取值
主、从动轮齿数ZpZg20
模数/mmm10
齿宽/mmB30
标准中心距/mmL0200
弹性模量/GPaE206
标准压力角/(°)α020
主、从动轮齿轮质量/kgmpmg6.57
阻尼系数ξm0.07
主、从动轮转动惯量/(kg⋅m2)JpJg0.0365
扭矩/(N·m)To1To2300
初始半齿侧间隙/μmb050
静态传递误差幅值/μmea20
轴承刚度/(108 N·m−1)k1k21
轴承阻尼/(N·s·m−1)c1c2512.64
), ArticleFig(id=1228805374501912678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805368088822527, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

齿轮参数[22]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数符号取值
主、从动轮齿数ZpZg20
模数/mmm10
齿宽/mmB30
标准中心距/mmL0200
弹性模量/GPaE206
标准压力角/(°)α020
主、从动轮齿轮质量/kgmpmg6.57
阻尼系数ξm0.07
主、从动轮转动惯量/(kg⋅m2)JpJg0.0365
扭矩/(N·m)To1To2300
初始半齿侧间隙/μmb050
静态传递误差幅值/μmea20
轴承刚度/(108 N·m−1)k1k21
轴承阻尼/(N·s·m−1)c1c2512.64
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考虑动态啮合参数与时变齿隙的含质量偏心齿轮系统动力学特性分析
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侯磊 1 , 宋金洲 1 , 昌泽元 1 , 陈毅 2 , 陈予恕 1
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(6): 1335-1343
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(6): 1335-1343
考虑动态啮合参数与时变齿隙的含质量偏心齿轮系统动力学特性分析
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侯磊1 , 宋金洲1, 昌泽元1, 陈毅2, 陈予恕1
作者信息
  • 1.哈尔滨工业大学航天学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001
  • 2.哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150090

通讯作者:

侯磊(1987—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Dynamical property analysis of gear system with mass eccentricity incorporating dynamic meshing parameters and time-varying backlash
Lei HOU1 , Jinzhou SONG1, Zeyuan CHANG1, Yi CHEN2, Yushu CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Astronautics,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering,Harbin Institute of technology,Harbin 150090,China
出版时间: 2025-06-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.06.022
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针对齿轮系统中质量偏心与时变参数耦合作用引起的非线性振动问题,建立了考虑动态啮合刚度与时变齿侧间隙的六自由度动力学模型,重点分析质量偏心对系统非线性动力学行为的影响机制。基于势能法构建了时变啮合刚度模型,引入时变齿侧间隙与质量偏心,推导出系统动力学微分方程。数值分析结果表明,质量偏心显著诱发系统由单周期向多周期(如20倍周期)运动演化,且随着偏心距的增大,系统振动幅值和分岔现象明显增强,揭示了其在系统非线性演化过程中的关键作用。研究结果可为高精度齿轮系统的结构优化设计与振动控制提供理论依据。

齿轮传动系统  /  动态啮合参数  /  动态齿侧间隙  /  时变啮合刚度

Gear systems in precision machinery and aerospace applications are subjected to complex vibration problems due to mass eccentricity, time-varying backlash, and dynamic meshing parameter variations. A nonlinear dynamic model with six degrees of freedom is established, incorporating time-varying meshing stiffness, derived using the potential energy method and mass eccentricity. The Runge-Kutta method is employed to solve the system response under varying eccentricities and rotational speeds. Time-domain and frequency-domain analyses, phase portraits, and Poincaré maps are used to investigate the dynamic characteristics. The results indicate that mass eccentricity significantly influences system behavior, leading to the evolution from single-period to multi-period motions (e.g., 20-period cycles), and aggravates bifurcation and oscillation phenomena. The findings provide theoretical support for structural optimization and vibration control of gear transmission systems.

gear transmission system  /  dynamic meshing parameters  /  dynamic backlash  /  time-varying meshing stiffness
侯磊, 宋金洲, 昌泽元, 陈毅, 陈予恕. 考虑动态啮合参数与时变齿隙的含质量偏心齿轮系统动力学特性分析. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (6) : 1335 -1343 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.06.022
Lei HOU, Jinzhou SONG, Zeyuan CHANG, Yi CHEN, Yushu CHEN. Dynamical property analysis of gear system with mass eccentricity incorporating dynamic meshing parameters and time-varying backlash[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (6) : 1335 -1343 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.06.022
齿轮传动系统作为机械动力传输的核心部件,其动态特性直接影响装备的可靠性、振动噪声及服役寿命。在高速、变载等复杂工况下,齿轮系统的动力学行为呈现强非线性特征,主要源于时变啮合刚度、动态齿侧间隙[1]及制造/装配缺陷导致的不平衡激励等多物理因素的耦合激励。因此,建立考虑动态啮合参数和动态齿侧间隙的齿轮动力学模型对齿轮的优化设计具有重要意义[2]
在齿轮传动系统的建模和分析中,时变啮合刚度(time-varying meshing stiffness, TVMS)起着至关重要的作用。为了开发更精确的齿轮动力学模型,必须采用更精确的方法来计算TVMS。在众多TVMS计算方法中,势能法因其高精度和高速度的特点,已成为计算齿轮TVMS的常用方法[3]。CHEN等[4]开发了考虑齿轮偏差的TVMS计算模型。MA等[5]考虑了不同齿形齿轮的TVMS,并通过将变截面齿形划分为渐开线和齿根圆角曲线来计算齿轮TVMS。所有这些研究都将齿轮的每个参数视为一个固定值。LUO等[6]建立了齿轮中心距变化时的齿轮TVMS计算模型。DAI等[7]建立了一个考虑齿顶修形和变载荷条件的齿轮TVMS模型,但该模型的齿廓忽略了齿根过渡曲线。YANG等[8]和LIU等[9]开发了一种考虑传动误差和齿根过渡曲线的TVMS模型。然而,由于齿轮振动或其他影响齿轮啮合刚度的因素,啮合参数可能会实时变化。从上述工作可以理解,在计算齿轮TVMS时,大多数研究中将啮合参数视为常数。
已有大量学者对齿轮系统动力学分析展开了研究。ZENG等[10]考虑轴承的过盈配合和齿轮间隙建立了齿轮系统的耦合动力学模型。GENG等[11]建立了考虑磨损对齿轮啮合点影响的非线性动力学模型。BAI等[12]考虑动态磨损效应,提出了行星齿轮机构动力学与磨损特性的耦合关系。XIE等[13]和CHEN等[14]考虑制造误差建立了不同可能齿形啮合情况下的齿轮动力学方程。LIU等[15]探索了一个包含齿距偏差的正齿轮动力学模型,揭示了齿距偏差通过改变啮合条件对齿轮副动态响应的影响。
在齿轮动力学研究中,除了考虑TVMS外,还需要考虑齿轮间隙和质量偏心的影响。向玲等[16]将齿轮间隙考虑为常数建立了风电增速齿轮箱两级行星齿轮动力学模型。GENG等[17]建立了考虑齿侧间隙、传动误差和啮合刚度的六自由度圆柱齿轮副非线性动力学模型,并分析了初始齿侧间隙和转速的变化规律。WANG等[18]采用分形理论研究了啮合齿面微观状态导致的齿侧间隙变化和轴承间隙变化对齿轮系统非线性特性的影响。
ZHAO等[19]建立了考虑几何偏心误差的直齿轮动力学模型。HE等[20]提出了考虑齿轮偏心对时变啮合刚度的齿轮动力学模型,比较了有偏心和无偏心时啮合刚度对齿轮系统的影响。但是忽略了质量偏心和齿轮间隙对系统的耦合效应。KIM等[21]提出了一种考虑平移运动的齿轮动力学模型。YI等[22]开发了一个齿轮传动系统的动态模型,该模型在文献[21]的基础上考虑了动态间隙。然而,两者都只考虑了齿轮相对位置的变化对TVMS频率的影响,而忽略了其对振幅的影响。
综上,尽管已有大量关于齿轮传动系统非线性特性的研究,但多数工作将啮合参数简化处理,未能准确反映齿面接触状态的动态变化,且较少考虑质量偏心、时变齿侧间隙与动态啮合刚度之间的耦合效应。针对上述不足,本文构建了耦合质量偏心、动态齿侧间隙与动态啮合刚度的六自由度动力学模型,改进了时变啮合刚度计算方法,揭示了质量偏心诱发多周期振动及系统分岔演化的动力学机制,明确了其对齿轮啮合特性和系统稳定性的影响规律。有助于深化对齿轮系统非线性动力学特性的理解,并为高精度齿轮传动系统的参数优化、结构设计及振动控制提供可量化的理论依据。
针对考虑动态啮合参数和时变齿侧间隙的渐开线齿轮传动系统,假设齿轮是刚性的,只能在xOy平面内移动,且旋转方向以逆时针为正。图1显示了齿轮传动系统在前后两个时刻的相对位置。虚线表示前一时刻齿轮传动系统的位置,而实线表示下一时刻的位置。齿轮的几何中心分别为C1C2,齿轮的初始中心距为L0,质心分别为G1G2。齿轮具有质量偏心,质量偏心距分别为ρ1ρ2
由于加工、安装及振动导致齿轮在工作过程中几何中心的相对位置发生改变,啮合点的位置随时间动态变化,从而影响了齿轮的啮合刚度。通过判断齿轮的啮合参数状态,能更加直观地分析齿轮的相对位置关系以及对齿轮啮合刚度的影响。当主动轮p和从动轮g的相对位置改变时,齿轮啮合参数中的压力角α、中心距L和偏转角β表达式如下:
α=arccos[(rbp+rbg)/L]
L=(L0+xgxp)2+(ygyp)2
β=arctan[(ygyp)/(L0+xgxp)]
式中,rbprbg分别为主动轮和从动轮的基圆半径;xpypxgyg分别为主动轮和从动轮xy方向的位移。
渐开线齿轮根据齿形分为渐开线区域和过渡曲线区域。结合式(1)~(3)所表示的动态啮合参数与齿轮啮合刚度km,采用势能法建立基于动态啮合参数的齿轮啮合刚度计算模型:
1km=1kh+i=12(1kai+1kbi+1ksi+1kfi)
式中,下标i=1,2分别表示主动轮和从动轮。
每个区域中TVMS的计算又分为五个部分,分别为接触刚度kh、弯曲刚度kb、剪切刚度ks、压缩刚度ka和轮毂刚度kf,如下式所示:
kh=πEB4(1v2)
1kb=π2α0[cosα1(ly1)hsinα1]2EIy1dy1 dγdγ++α1α23{1+cosα1[(α2α)sinαcosα]}2(α2α)cosα2EB[sinα+(α2α)cosα]3dα
1ks=π2α01.2cos2α1GAy1dy1 dγdγ++α1α21.2(1+v)(α2α)cosαcos2α1EB[sinα+(α2α)cosα]dα
1ka=π2α0sin2α1EAy1dy1 dγdγ++α1α2(α2α)cosαsin2α12EB[sinα+(α2α)cosα]dα
1kf=cos2αfEB[P01(ufSf)2+P02(ufSf)+P03(1+P04tan2αf)]
式中,α0表示标准压力角;αfufSfP01P02P03P04根据文献[5]选取;GAy1Iy1α1α2lhdy1/dγ如附录所示。
根据式(1)~(9)可以得到考虑动态啮合参数的齿轮啮合刚度计算方法。假设如表1所示的齿轮在实际加工或安装中有缺陷,导致中心距与标准中心距之间有一定的偏差。计算的TVMS结果如图2所示。
图2 可见,中心距变化对齿轮系统的啮合刚度具有显著影响。随着中心距的增大,双齿啮合区间逐渐减小,而单齿啮合区间随之增大,导致整体啮合刚度呈下降趋势。图3 显示了频域响应特性,当中心距增大时,在某些频率处(如 3 倍和 5 倍啮合频率)系统响应幅值明显增强,进一步说明中心距对系统非线性响应特性具有重要调控作用。
齿轮间隙分为齿厚偏差和安装误差产生的初始间隙,以及由于几何偏心或振动导致的齿轮几何中心变化产生的时变间隙。根据渐开线齿轮的啮合关系,组合两部分间隙得到动态间隙:
b(t)=b0+(rbp+rbg)[(tanαα)(tanα0α0)]
式中,b0表示初始半齿侧间隙。
根据渐开线齿轮的啮合关系可以推导出齿轮啮合平面齿面变形量δ,也被称为动态传递误差,表示为:
δ=(xpxg)sin(αβ)+(ypyg)cos(αβ)+e(t)+rbpθzprbgθzg
其中:
e(t)=easin(ωpZpt)
式中,ea为静态传递误差幅值;ωp为主动轮的转速; Zp表示主动轮齿数;θzpθzg分别表示主、从动轮的扭转角。
由于齿轮运动过程中的齿变形、齿轮振动和齿轮相对转动,基于齿轮弹性理论,可以获得齿轮啮合力Fm为:
Fm={km[δb(t)]+cm[δ.b.(t)]δ>b(t)0|δ|b(t)km[δ+b(t)]+cm[δ.+b.(t)]δ<b(t)
式中,cm=2ξmkmJpJg(Jgrbp2+Jprbg2)为阻尼比。
为更真实地反映齿轮系统在实际工况下的动态特性,在建模过程中充分考虑了齿轮质量偏心、轮系位移响应及动态啮合间隙的耦合效应,构建了一个面向时变特性分析的六自由度集总参数动力学模型。该模型不仅能够描述齿轮副在啮合过程中的非线性动态响应特征,还能反映偏心激励引发的系统复杂运动状态,有助于深入揭示系统稳定性及振动演化规律。其表达式如下:
qs=[xpypθzpxgygθzg]T
基于牛顿第二定律,建立齿轮传动系统的非线性运动微分方程:
{mpxp..mpρ1sinφpθzp..+c1xp.+k1xp=FmFm/Fmxpxp+mpρ1φ.p2cosφpmpyp..+mpρ1cosφpθzp..+c1yp.+k1yp=FmFm/Fmypyp+mpρ1φ.p2sinφpmpg(Jp+mpρ12)θzp..mpρ1sinφpxp..+mpρ1cosφpyp..=FmFm/Fmθzpθzp+Tpmgxg..mgρ2sinφgθzg..+c2xg.+k2xg=FmFm/Fmxgxg+mgρ2φ.g2cosφgmgyg..mgρ2cosφgθzg..+c2xg.+k2yg=FmFm/Fmygygmgρ2φ.g2sinφgmgg(Jg+mgρ22)θzg..mgρ2sinφgxg..mgρ2cosφgyg..=FmFm/FmθzgθzgTg
式中,φp=ωt+θpφg=Zg/Zp·ωt+θg
由式(15)可知,所构建的齿轮传动系统动力学模型具有显著的非线性特征,其系统行为受多种耦合因素共同影响,包括质量偏心、动态啮合刚度以及时变齿侧间隙等。为了更准确地刻画转速和质量偏心对系统非线性动力学响应的作用机制,本文采用四阶Runge-Kutta算法对建立的非线性动力学方程组进行数值积分求解,构建更具物理真实性的多因素耦合齿轮系统模型。
仿真研究依次在以下三个方面开展对比分析:(1)在相同转速条件下,研究不同质量偏心距对齿轮系统啮合参数(如中心距、压力角、重合度等)动态变化的影响;(2)在相同转速条件下,探讨不同偏心距对主动轮振动响应特性的影响;(3)在固定偏心距下,分析不同转速对齿轮系统整体振动响应演化规律的影响。通过以上分析,系统揭示质量偏心与转速变化对齿轮系统非线性动力学行为的耦合影响机制。相关齿轮系统参数如表1所示。
为了深入分析质量偏心对齿轮啮合参数的影响规律,本节选取齿轮系统转速为 1000 r/min,对比研究了主动轮偏心距分别为 0、1和 2 mm时,其关键啮合参数的变化情况。具体计算并提取了对应情况下主动轮的压力角、偏移角、中心距以及重合度等随时间变化的动态响应,结果如图4 所示。通过对比不同偏心距下各参数的波动幅值与演化趋势,可揭示质量偏心对齿轮系统啮合状态和非线性特征的调制作用。
图4(a)~(d)中可以看出,在不考虑齿轮振动对啮合参数的影响时,啮合参数均为恒定值。在考虑齿轮振动对啮合参数的影响时,齿轮中心距、重合度、压力角和偏转角都呈现出波动模式。齿轮中心距的波动中心为200.045 mm;重合度在1.553左右波动;压力角在20.035°左右波动;偏转角在0.0175°左右波动。除重合度外,这些波动中心都大于不考虑动态啮合参数的模型得出的理论值。且随着偏心距的增大,啮合参数的整体波动性增强。
在实际齿轮加工过程中,往往会因为加工误差而导致齿轮系统出现质量偏心的情况。为了更加直观地分析主动轮质量偏心距对齿轮系统的影响,图5展示了恒定转速为1000 r/min下,质量偏心距分别为ρ1=ρ2=0、ρ1=0且ρ2=0.5 mm、ρ1=ρ2=0.5 mm、ρ1=0且ρ2=1 mm、ρ1=0 mm且ρ2=2 mm五种情况时,齿轮系统的时间历程图、快速傅里叶变换(FFT)频谱图、相平面图和Poincaré 截面图。图5中,x表示位移,v表示速度。
图5(a1)~ (e1)可知,恒定转速下,随着主动轮质量偏心距的增大,主动轮时间历程的整体波动性增强。这是由于偏心距的增大放大了系统转频的能量。从图5(a2)~(e2)中可以看出,频谱图中出现了旋转频率fr(1000/60=16.67 Hz)、啮合频率fm(16.67×20=333.33 Hz)及其倍频和组合频。随着偏心距的增大,频谱图中转频出现并逐渐增大,而啮合频无明显变化,相图逐渐扩散。当主动轮和从动轮同时出现相同的质量偏心时,相图呈对称显示。由图5(a4)~ (e4)可知,系统的周期性运动由单一周期变为20倍周期,周期数与齿数相同。
为更系统地分析质量偏心对齿轮系统动力响应的影响,本文在转速范围为 500~6000 r/min 的条件下,分别计算了不同质量偏心距下主动轮 x 方向的振动幅值,结果如图67 所示。
图6 可知,当主动轮质量偏心距为 0 时,齿轮系统在大多数转速区间内表现为稳定的单周期运动。然而,在图中以黄色虚线标识的区域内系统出现混沌运动特征,而蓝色区域则对应双周期运动状态,表明即使在无偏心条件下,系统亦存在一定的非线性演化趋势。
图7 可知,由于质量偏心的引入,系统振动显著增强,原本在偏心距为 0时呈现单周期运动的区域转变为 20 倍周期运动,蓝色区域中的双周期响应亦演化为 40 倍周期响应。该结果与图5 中的前2组计算结果保持一致,进一步验证了质量偏心对系统周期倍化效应的强化作用。
此外,混沌区的出现位置亦发生变化,其起始转速ω1由无偏心时的约 4710 r/min 向低频方向偏移至约 4700 r/min,说明偏心效应促使系统更早进入不稳定混沌状态。
为全面揭示齿轮系统在不同转速工况下的非线性动力学响应特征,本文分别对系统在转速为 2000、3000、4000和 5000 r/min 条件下的动态行为进行了数值仿真分析。具体包括主动轮的时间历程图、FFT频谱图、相平面图和 Poincaré 截面图,结果如图8 所示。
仿真结果表明,齿轮系统的运动状态随转速变化呈现出明显的非线性演化特征。在较低转速(如2000 r/min)时,系统主要表现为规则的单周期振动;当转速升高至 3000和 4000 r/min时,系统响应逐渐演化为双周期甚至多周期振动;进一步提高转速至 5000 r/min后,系统进入典型的混沌状态,振动响应表现出高度的不稳定性和复杂性。
上述现象表明,转速变化不仅显著影响系统的响应幅值,还可诱发由周期性运动向混沌运动的转变,体现出齿轮系统强烈的非线性和多稳定性特征。该发现为深入理解高转速条件下齿轮系统的稳定性边界与非线性失稳机制提供了重要参考。
本文提出了耦合动态啮合参数与时变齿侧间隙的齿轮系统非线性建模方法,系统分析了中心距、压力角和啮合角对齿轮啮合刚度的影响,并探讨了不同转速与质量偏心条件下系统啮合参数与主动轮响应的变化规律。主要结论如下:
(1)建立了耦合动态啮合参数的时变啮合刚度模型,发现啮合参数对啮合刚度具有显著调控作用。随着中心距的增大,双齿啮合区间减小,单齿啮合区间增大,整体啮合刚度减弱,系统在部分频率下的响应幅值明显增大。
(2)在齿轮运行过程中,啮合参数呈周期性波动,且随着质量偏心距的增大,中心距、压力角、偏转角、重合度及齿侧间隙的幅值波动均显著增强,系统动力学特性表现出强非线性特征。
(3)齿轮系统中存在质量偏心时,系统运动状态由单周期演化为与齿数相对应的20倍周期运动,偏心距增大将进一步激发系统转频能量,增强整体运动的波动性,并引发由周期运动向双周期及混沌状态的转变。质量偏心距成为决定系统周期性与混沌演化路径的关键因素。
本研究成果可为识别啮合状态失稳的临界特征提供理论依据,并为齿轮系统中几何参数配置优化、偏心误差控制、振动响应抑制等提供可量化分析方法,为高精度齿轮传动系统的结构优化设计、故障预测与振动控制策略的制定提供理论支撑与工程参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(12422213)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(12372008)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(U244120491)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0125900)
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2025年第38卷第6期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.06.022
  • 接收时间:2025-04-23
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2025-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-23
  • 修回日期:2025-05-21
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(12422213)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(12372008)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(U244120491)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0125900)
作者信息
    1.哈尔滨工业大学航天学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001
    2.哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150090

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侯磊(1987—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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