Article(id=1228805283405824678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805274362904818, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.05.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1678636800000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-13, revisedDate=1686672000000, revisedDateStr=2023-06-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770899609661, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770899609661, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770899609661, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770899609661, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228805274362904818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='5', pageStart='889', pageEnd='1132', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770899607506, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770901500406, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228813213828051801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805274362904818, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228813213828051802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805274362904818, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1106, endPage=1119, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228805283741369025, articleId=1228805283405824678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Vulnerability analysis of asphalt concrete core dam under near-fault ground motion, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

At present, the research of asphalt concrete core dam under near-fault ground motion is mostly carried out under the condition of single SV and P wave oblique incidence. In fact, the assumption of single wave oblique incidence is not comprehensive, and the near-fault ground motion should be considered as the case of combined P wave and SV wave oblique incidence. In this paper, the oblique incidence time history of SV wave and P wave in the site was determined based on ground motion inversion, and the deformation and damage of the core wall dam were obtained under the oblique incidence of SV and P wave combination near the fault, and the change law of the damage of the dam body with the horizontal and vertical ground motion intensity index was analyzed. The results show that the ultimate failure probability caused by the vertical near-fault ground motion index is obviously different from that caused by the horizontal direction. When the horizontal ground motion intensity indicators near the fault are selected as Sa(T1)1, Sv(T1)1, VSI1 and Sd(T1)1, and the vertical ground motion intensity indicators are selected as PGA2, Sa(T1)2, VSI2 and Sd(T1)2, the predicted failure probability of the dam body is moderate. The combined damage analysis method of horizontal and vertical ground motion should be considered when analyzing the vulnerability of core wall dam under near-fault ground motion.

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目前关于近断层地震动作用下沥青混凝土心墙坝的研究多在SV波、P波单独斜入射的情况下进行,而实际上单波斜入射的假设是不全面的,近断层地震动应考虑SV波、P波组合斜入射的情况。本文基于地表地震动反演确定场地SV波、P波斜入射时程,在近断层SV波、P波组合斜入射的情况下得到心墙坝的变形及损伤情况,并分析坝体的损伤情况随水平向、竖向地震动强度指标变化的规律。结果表明:竖向近断层地震动强度指标引起的极限破坏概率与水平向引起的概率差异明显。近断层水平向地震动强度指标选择为T1时谱加速度值Sa(T1)1T1时谱速度值Sv(T1)1、谱速度强度VSI1T1时谱位移值Sd(T1)1,竖向地震动强度指标选择为加速度峰值PGA2T1时谱加速度值Sa(T1)2、谱速度强度VSI2T1时谱位移值Sd(T1)2时,其坝体预测破坏概率适中。在进行近断层地震动作用下的心墙坝易损性分析时,应考虑水平向、竖向地震动相结合的损伤分析方法。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
宋志强(1981—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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刘琳(1996—), 女,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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刘琳(1996—), 女,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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刘琳(1996—), 女,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=组合斜入射), Keyword(id=1228805289571450920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=沥青混凝土心墙坝), Keyword(id=1228805289651142698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=易损性分析)], refs=[Reference(id=1228805294646558936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=51, issue=5, pageStart=580, pageEnd=588, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=李炎隆, 唐旺, 温立峰, journalName=水利学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李炎隆,唐旺,温立峰,等. 沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝地震变形评价方法及其可靠度分析[J]. 水利学报,2020,51(5):580-588., articleTitle=沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝地震变形评价方法及其可靠度分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228805294726250715, 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figureFileSmall=AKWiCUfb42uC81oFO1X+ng==, figureFileBig=83OyI4CWD5jMleZwNTZS4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805290724884577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=图5, caption=水平向地震动为0.2g时心墙坝的失效概率, figureFileSmall=AKWiCUfb42uC81oFO1X+ng==, figureFileBig=83OyI4CWD5jMleZwNTZS4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805290842325092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Failure probabilities of core dam when horizontal ground motion is 0.4g, figureFileSmall=gsE7GeZbyLjy4OiB5rks6g==, figureFileBig=yTslC03j1w5cS7EKH/Olzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805290938794091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=图6, caption=水平向地震动为0.4g时心墙坝的失效概率, figureFileSmall=gsE7GeZbyLjy4OiB5rks6g==, figureFileBig=yTslC03j1w5cS7EKH/Olzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805291064623215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Failure probabilities of core dam when horizontal ground motion is 0.6g, figureFileSmall=9rku4x5tEOGgbxWed3PLzg==, figureFileBig=B4qQZUZA+BOrCahe20aLgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805291169480820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=图7, caption=水平向地震动为0.6g时心墙坝的失效概率, figureFileSmall=9rku4x5tEOGgbxWed3PLzg==, figureFileBig=B4qQZUZA+BOrCahe20aLgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805291333058678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Comparison of averages of damage probabilities(IM1, figureFileSmall=0eecrshHj1PjHVByCxhniw==, figureFileBig=JW0qVptAL2A4utAtIkugLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805291429527672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=图8, caption=破坏概率的均值对比(IM1, figureFileSmall=0eecrshHj1PjHVByCxhniw==, figureFileBig=JW0qVptAL2A4utAtIkugLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805291538579577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Vulnerability curves corresponding to IM2, figureFileSmall=eLQGc/bDB1bK1jjIEL58OQ==, figureFileBig=ainXCu7YRYroZVepWn9y7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805291660214398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=图9, caption=IM2对应的易损性曲线, figureFileSmall=eLQGc/bDB1bK1jjIEL58OQ==, figureFileBig=ainXCu7YRYroZVepWn9y7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805291773460606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Failure probabilities of core dam when vertical ground motion is 0.2g, figureFileSmall=NEEYYxiG2cgE3UhMy8tUSA==, figureFileBig=AZ/zqOnp+Sae+NkV4CK+Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805291882512516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=图10, caption=竖向地震动为0.2g时心墙坝的失效概率, figureFileSmall=NEEYYxiG2cgE3UhMy8tUSA==, figureFileBig=AZ/zqOnp+Sae+NkV4CK+Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805291995758730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Failure probabilities of core dam when vertical ground motion is 0.4g, figureFileSmall=RUWgFft4SLckWr3CDMUSpQ==, figureFileBig=wqFq0KgO+rT7ETylhbxtdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805292083839115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=图11, caption=竖向地震动为0.4g时心墙坝的失效概率, figureFileSmall=RUWgFft4SLckWr3CDMUSpQ==, figureFileBig=wqFq0KgO+rT7ETylhbxtdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805292163530895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Failure probabilities of core dam when vertical ground motion is 0.6g, figureFileSmall=LlW24cv1h+kwSwWn3fxQ3A==, figureFileBig=Z4tFMvIAetsxucY289aT3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805292280971410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=图12, caption=竖向地震动为0.6g时心墙坝的失效概率, figureFileSmall=LlW24cv1h+kwSwWn3fxQ3A==, figureFileBig=Z4tFMvIAetsxucY289aT3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805292369051796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Comparison of averages of damage probabilities(IM2, figureFileSmall=NlJK16PqCHV6Wsn8qrBh9w==, figureFileBig=3GZb8bUZNYCWL5Lbemc3fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805292436160663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=图13, caption=破坏概率的均值对比(IM2, figureFileSmall=NlJK16PqCHV6Wsn8qrBh9w==, figureFileBig=3GZb8bUZNYCWL5Lbemc3fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805292528435354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Summary of ground motion records

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号地震名称台站名称震级断层距/km
1Chi-Chi_ TaiwanTCU1017.622.11
2Imperial Valley-06El-Centro Array 10#6.538.60
3Imperial Valley-06EC County Center FF6.537.31
4Kocaeli_ TurkeyArcelik7.5113.49
5Irpinia_ Italy-01Sturno (STN)6.9010.84
6Northridge-01Jensen Filter Plant Administrative Building6.695.43
7Imperial Valley-06Holtville Post Office6.537.50
8Northridge-01LA Dam6.695.92
9Northridge-01Jensen Filter Plant Generator Building6.695.43
10Imperial Valley-06Agrarias6.530.65
11Loma PrietaGilroy Array 3#6.9312.82
12Northridge-01Sylmar-Olive View Med FF6.695.30
13San SalvadorGeotech Investig Center5.806.30
14San FernandoPacoima Dam (upper left abut)6.611.81
), ArticleFig(id=1228805292654264479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

地震动记录汇总

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号地震名称台站名称震级断层距/km
1Chi-Chi_ TaiwanTCU1017.622.11
2Imperial Valley-06El-Centro Array 10#6.538.60
3Imperial Valley-06EC County Center FF6.537.31
4Kocaeli_ TurkeyArcelik7.5113.49
5Irpinia_ Italy-01Sturno (STN)6.9010.84
6Northridge-01Jensen Filter Plant Administrative Building6.695.43
7Imperial Valley-06Holtville Post Office6.537.50
8Northridge-01LA Dam6.695.92
9Northridge-01Jensen Filter Plant Generator Building6.695.43
10Imperial Valley-06Agrarias6.530.65
11Loma PrietaGilroy Array 3#6.9312.82
12Northridge-01Sylmar-Olive View Med FF6.695.30
13San SalvadorGeotech Investig Center5.806.30
14San FernandoPacoima Dam (upper left abut)6.611.81
), ArticleFig(id=1228805292775899303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Static calculation parameters of the sites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构ρ/(g·cm−3)φ/(°)c/kPaRfknkbmkur/k
砂砾料2.1751.300.979000.637800.422
过渡料2.144600.907000.606400.42
沥青心墙2.4222.64600.786080.2229490.51.97
利用料2.254800.7011500.355500.1751.69
排水棱体2.305300.7210500.355350.181.88
围堰料2.254800.6811500.355500.1751.7
含砾粗砂层2.2835470.798630.3510040.112
碎砾石层2.3047.500.689500.364750.172
块碎石层2.4054350.6813000.459600.132
), ArticleFig(id=1228805292884951208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

场地静力计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构ρ/(g·cm−3)φ/(°)c/kPaRfknkbmkur/k
砂砾料2.1751.300.979000.637800.422
过渡料2.144600.907000.606400.42
沥青心墙2.4222.64600.786080.2229490.51.97
利用料2.254800.7011500.355500.1751.69
排水棱体2.305300.7210500.355350.181.88
围堰料2.254800.6811500.355500.1751.7
含砾粗砂层2.2835470.798630.3510040.112
碎砾石层2.3047.500.689500.364750.172
块碎石层2.4054350.6813000.459600.132
), ArticleFig(id=1228805292981420203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Dynamic and permanent deformation calculation parameters of the sites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构K1K2nνλmaxc1c2c3c4c5
砂砾料25.916940.380.330.2450.690.5309.120.35
过渡料28.318320.3750.350.220.560.4208.250.40
沥青心墙20.01979.40.40.3450.200000
利用料23.514300.3960.340.2520.690.5309.120.35
排水棱体32.719870.360.340.210.690.5309.120.35
围堰料23.514300.3960.340.250.700.5209.100.33
含砾粗砂层16.220000.3840.30.110.720.4309.550.38
碎砾石层16.021000.460.350.20.700.4409.500.35
块碎石层16.522000.380.330.150.690.4009.470.36
), ArticleFig(id=1228805293098860719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

场地动力及永久变形计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构K1K2nνλmaxc1c2c3c4c5
砂砾料25.916940.380.330.2450.690.5309.120.35
过渡料28.318320.3750.350.220.560.4208.250.40
沥青心墙20.01979.40.40.3450.200000
利用料23.514300.3960.340.2520.690.5309.120.35
排水棱体32.719870.360.340.210.690.5309.120.35
围堰料23.514300.3960.340.250.700.5209.100.33
含砾粗砂层16.220000.3840.30.110.720.4309.550.38
碎砾石层16.021000.460.350.20.700.4409.500.35
块碎石层16.522000.380.330.150.690.4009.470.36
), ArticleFig(id=1228805293186941105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Intensity indexes of ground motions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号参数含义计算公式
1PGA加速度峰值PGA=max|a(t)|
2Sa(T1)T1时谱加速度值Sa(T,5%)=2az(0.2T)0.6
3PGV速度峰值PGV=max|v(t)|
4VSI谱速度强度VSI=0.12.5S v(ξ=0.05,T)dT
5HIHousner强度HI=12.40.12.5Sv(ξ=0.05,T)dT
6Sv(T1)T1时谱速度值Sv(T,5%)=T2πSa(T,5%)
7PGV2/PGA速度峰值的平方与加速度峰值之比PGV2/PGA=(max|ν(t)|)2max|a(t)|
8Sd(T1)T1时谱位移值S d(T,5%)=(T2π)2S a(T,5%)
), ArticleFig(id=1228805293291798709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

地震动强度指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号参数含义计算公式
1PGA加速度峰值PGA=max|a(t)|
2Sa(T1)T1时谱加速度值Sa(T,5%)=2az(0.2T)0.6
3PGV速度峰值PGV=max|v(t)|
4VSI谱速度强度VSI=0.12.5S v(ξ=0.05,T)dT
5HIHousner强度HI=12.40.12.5Sv(ξ=0.05,T)dT
6Sv(T1)T1时谱速度值Sv(T,5%)=T2πSa(T,5%)
7PGV2/PGA速度峰值的平方与加速度峰值之比PGV2/PGA=(max|ν(t)|)2max|a(t)|
8Sd(T1)T1时谱位移值S d(T,5%)=(T2π)2S a(T,5%)
), ArticleFig(id=1228805293396656310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

The values of intensity indexes of ground motions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别地震动强度指标
PGA/gSa(T1)/(m·s−2)PGV/(m·s−1)Sv(T1)/(m·s−1)VSIHIPGV2/PGASd(T1)/m
第一类0.21.490.350.240.570.240.06230.038
第二类0.42.980.700.481.140.480.12460.076
第三类0.64.481.050.711.710.710.18690.114
), ArticleFig(id=1228805293543456953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

地震动强度指标的数值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别地震动强度指标
PGA/gSa(T1)/(m·s−2)PGV/(m·s−1)Sv(T1)/(m·s−1)VSIHIPGV2/PGASd(T1)/m
第一类0.21.490.350.240.570.240.06230.038
第二类0.42.980.700.481.140.480.12460.076
第三类0.64.481.050.711.710.710.18690.114
), ArticleFig(id=1228805293639925947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Classifications of seismic damage levels of asphalt concrete core dam

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级性能水平坝顶最大水平变形值/m坝顶相对震陷率/%
1基本完好0~0.10~0.2
2轻微破坏0.1~0.20.2~0.4
3中等破坏0.2~0.50.4~0.75
4较重破坏0.5~1.00.75~1.1
5严重破坏>1.0>1.1
), ArticleFig(id=1228805293765755072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

沥青混凝土心墙坝震损等级划分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级性能水平坝顶最大水平变形值/m坝顶相对震陷率/%
1基本完好0~0.10~0.2
2轻微破坏0.1~0.20.2~0.4
3中等破坏0.2~0.50.4~0.75
4较重破坏0.5~1.00.75~1.1
5严重破坏>1.0>1.1
), ArticleFig(id=1228805293874806978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Correlation coefficients of lnU and ln(IM1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能指标相关性系数
PGA1Sa(T1)1PGV1Sv(T1)1VSI1HI1PGV12/PGA1Sd(T1)1
水平变形0.9150.9480.7960.7900.9670.9010.7580.948
相对震陷率0.9210.9510.7980.7940.9730.9050.7610.951
), ArticleFig(id=1228805293971275972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

lnU与ln(IM1)的相关性系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能指标相关性系数
PGA1Sa(T1)1PGV1Sv(T1)1VSI1HI1PGV12/PGA1Sd(T1)1
水平变形0.9150.9480.7960.7900.9670.9010.7580.948
相对震陷率0.9210.9510.7980.7940.9730.9050.7610.951
), ArticleFig(id=1228805294059356359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Tab. 8, caption=

Correlation coefficients of lnU and ln(IM2)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能指标相关性系数
PGA2Sa(T1)2PGV2Sv(T1)2VSI2HI2PGV22/PGA2Sd(T1)2
水平变形0.8560.8570.8120.7500.9080.8660.5970.856
相对震陷率0.8600.8590.8150.7510.9100.8690.5970.858
), ArticleFig(id=1228805294143242443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

lnU与ln(IM2)的相关性系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能指标相关性系数
PGA2Sa(T1)2PGV2Sv(T1)2VSI2HI2PGV22/PGA2Sd(T1)2
水平变形0.8560.8570.8120.7500.9080.8660.5970.856
相对震陷率0.8600.8590.8150.7510.9100.8690.5970.858
), ArticleFig(id=1228805294243905741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=EN, label=Tab. 9, caption=

The values of each strength index when the serious damage probability is 10%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震动强度指标损伤概率确定时的各强度指标对应值
IM1U1IM2U1IM1U2IM2U2
PGA0.980.880.420.34
Sa(T1)12.425.044.861.70
PGV2.360.720.520.26
Sv(T1)5.302.501.300.75
VSI4.881.922.000.72
HI4.722.161.760.78
PGV2/PGA0.750.150.290.09
Sd(T1)0.320.130.120.04
), ArticleFig(id=1228805294302625999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805283405824678, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

严重破坏概率为10%时各强度指标的数值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震动强度指标损伤概率确定时的各强度指标对应值
IM1U1IM2U1IM1U2IM2U2
PGA0.980.880.420.34
Sa(T1)12.425.044.861.70
PGV2.360.720.520.26
Sv(T1)5.302.501.300.75
VSI4.881.922.000.72
HI4.722.161.760.78
PGV2/PGA0.750.150.290.09
Sd(T1)0.320.130.120.04
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近断层地震动作用下沥青混凝土心墙坝易损性分析
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刘琳 1 , 宋志强 1 , 王飞 2 , 李闯 1 , 刘升欢 3 , 刘云贺 1
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(5): 1106-1119
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(5): 1106-1119
近断层地震动作用下沥青混凝土心墙坝易损性分析
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刘琳1 , 宋志强1 , 王飞2, 李闯1, 刘升欢3, 刘云贺1
作者信息
  • 1.西安理工大学旱区水工程生态环境全国重点实验室,陕西 西安 710048
  • 2.西华大学能源与动力工程学院,四川 成都 610039
  • 3.山东省水利勘测设计院有限公司,山东 济南 250013
  • 刘琳(1996—), 女,硕士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

宋志强(1981—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Vulnerability analysis of asphalt concrete core dam under near-fault ground motion
Lin LIU1 , Zhiqiang SONG1 , Fei WANG2, Chuang LI1, Shenghuan LIU3, Yunhe LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China
  • 2.School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xihua University,Chengdu 610039,China
  • 3.Shandong Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250013,China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.05.022
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目前关于近断层地震动作用下沥青混凝土心墙坝的研究多在SV波、P波单独斜入射的情况下进行,而实际上单波斜入射的假设是不全面的,近断层地震动应考虑SV波、P波组合斜入射的情况。本文基于地表地震动反演确定场地SV波、P波斜入射时程,在近断层SV波、P波组合斜入射的情况下得到心墙坝的变形及损伤情况,并分析坝体的损伤情况随水平向、竖向地震动强度指标变化的规律。结果表明:竖向近断层地震动强度指标引起的极限破坏概率与水平向引起的概率差异明显。近断层水平向地震动强度指标选择为T1时谱加速度值Sa(T1)1T1时谱速度值Sv(T1)1、谱速度强度VSI1T1时谱位移值Sd(T1)1,竖向地震动强度指标选择为加速度峰值PGA2T1时谱加速度值Sa(T1)2、谱速度强度VSI2T1时谱位移值Sd(T1)2时,其坝体预测破坏概率适中。在进行近断层地震动作用下的心墙坝易损性分析时,应考虑水平向、竖向地震动相结合的损伤分析方法。

近断层地震动  /  组合斜入射  /  沥青混凝土心墙坝  /  易损性分析

At present, the research of asphalt concrete core dam under near-fault ground motion is mostly carried out under the condition of single SV and P wave oblique incidence. In fact, the assumption of single wave oblique incidence is not comprehensive, and the near-fault ground motion should be considered as the case of combined P wave and SV wave oblique incidence. In this paper, the oblique incidence time history of SV wave and P wave in the site was determined based on ground motion inversion, and the deformation and damage of the core wall dam were obtained under the oblique incidence of SV and P wave combination near the fault, and the change law of the damage of the dam body with the horizontal and vertical ground motion intensity index was analyzed. The results show that the ultimate failure probability caused by the vertical near-fault ground motion index is obviously different from that caused by the horizontal direction. When the horizontal ground motion intensity indicators near the fault are selected as Sa(T1)1, Sv(T1)1, VSI1 and Sd(T1)1, and the vertical ground motion intensity indicators are selected as PGA2, Sa(T1)2, VSI2 and Sd(T1)2, the predicted failure probability of the dam body is moderate. The combined damage analysis method of horizontal and vertical ground motion should be considered when analyzing the vulnerability of core wall dam under near-fault ground motion.

near-fault ground motion  /  combined oblique incidence  /  asphalt concrete core dam  /  vulnerability analysis
刘琳, 宋志强, 王飞, 李闯, 刘升欢, 刘云贺. 近断层地震动作用下沥青混凝土心墙坝易损性分析. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (5) : 1106 -1119 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.05.022
Lin LIU, Zhiqiang SONG, Fei WANG, Chuang LI, Shenghuan LIU, Yunhe LIU. Vulnerability analysis of asphalt concrete core dam under near-fault ground motion[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (5) : 1106 -1119 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.05.022
沥青混凝土心墙坝因其材料、受力特性在中国西部强震地区应用广泛[1]。但在此地区建坝避免不了断层和覆盖层问题,地质条件的复杂性更是给沥青混凝土心墙坝带来不可忽视的安全隐患,特别是坝顶变形和塌陷问题[2]。国内外专家学者们对复杂地形下沥青混凝土心墙坝的抗震进行了大量研究,其中大部分工作是在发生远场地震动的假设下进行的,但是研究表明近场地震在世界已发生地震中占比不小,又因其相比于远场地震动更易给结构带来严重破坏,因此需要专门进行近场地震动作用下结构的响应研究[3]
实际工程遭受的地震动包含体波和面波成分[4],考虑到面波的地震动输入方法过于复杂,目前少有研究人员在抗震分析中考虑面波成分。研究人员在进行近断层地震动研究时,普遍在近断层地震动幅值确定的基础上采用折半输入,或者仅分析SV波、P波单独作用时结构的动力响应特性。实际上,折半输入方式仅适用于垂直入射到结构场地的情况,即在远场地震动特性研究中采用较多。而近断层地震动不满足垂直入射的特定假设,因此折半输入法不适用[5]
地震作用下结构的性能评价一般用结构的易损性表示,其中增量分析法(IDA法)应用广泛[6]。震害等级和损伤指标直接关系到灾害评估和重建问题[7],因此国内外专家进行了大量的工作对其进行描述和归纳,如文献[8-10]。学者们大多选择坝顶相对震陷率作为土石坝损伤分析的性能参数[11],坝体水平变形作为另一个重要性能参数,靳聪聪[12]就此进行了坝体震害等级划分。地震动强度指标的选择同样重要,学者们大多以峰值加速度(PGA)作为核心指标,因其既能表征近断层地震动记录特征,又与工程响应具有显著相关性;然而,谱速度强度(VSI)、谱加速度(SA)等指标因能更精准反映结构动力特性,在易损性分析中亦不可忽视[13]
本文将基于地表地震动反演确定场地SV波、P波组合斜入射时程,将其输入到沥青混凝土心墙坝场地中。在此基础上分析不同地震动强度指标条件下沥青混凝土心墙坝的破坏情况,并对比近断层水平向、竖向地震动强度指标预测得到的心墙坝破坏概率的异同。以期为西部强震区沥青混凝土心墙坝的抗震设计提供理论参考。
表1所示,本文从太平洋地震工程研究中心(PEER)数据库中选取14条近断层地震动记录,文中关于近断层、远断层地震动记录的区分,脉冲与无脉冲地震动的区分方法均来自文献[14],本文不再赘述。
实际地震动记录存在2个水平方向和1个垂直方向,由于本文模型为二维模型,因此本文选择的地震动记录为1个水平方向和1个垂直方向,其中地震动水平向记录选取2个水平向记录中PGA较大者。
图1所示,对比所选择的地震动记录可以发现,近断层地震动的竖向谱加速度均值在周期为0.34 s之前比水平向均值大,且在周期为0.24 s左右时达到峰值,此时竖向谱加速度值比水平向大1.91 m/s2,在短周期时刻,近断层地震动的两向谱速度差值变化规律与谱加速度差值变化规律类似,在0.34 s之前,竖向谱速度均值比水平向大,随着周期变大,两者的差值增大。
考虑到本文计算的覆盖层-沥青混凝土结构的自震周期(T1时刻)在1 s左右,统计谱加速度、速度和位移在周期为1 s时的均值及水平向谱值相对于竖向谱值的偏差,可见两者谱速度偏差最小为0.032 m/s,谱加速度和谱位移的偏差相近,分别为0.111 m/s2和0.111 m。
近断层地震动的断层距一般在20 km以内,此范围内的地震动基本是斜入射状态,因此不能作垂直入射的假设[15]。实际地震动由水平向记录和竖向记录组成,两者之间存在差异,一般垂直入射情况下(即远场地震动作用中)采用折半输入方式[16],近断层地震动不满足垂直入射的特定假设,因此折半输入法不适用。近断层地震动的水平向记录与竖向记录间的比值并不固定,为了计算的可靠性,本文选择由实际的地震动水平向、竖向记录反演得到基岩底部时程。
研究人员在进行近断层地震动研究时,普遍在近断层地震动幅值确定的基础上采用折半输入,或者仅分析SV波、P波单独作用时结构的动力响应特性[17]。实际近断层地震过程假设复杂,地震动输入时不能简单地假设为由某一类型的体波组成,应该考虑其协同作用的情况。平面P波、SV波作用在场地中时会分别产生反射波和衍生波,近断层SV波单独斜入射方法在文献[18]中有详细说明,P波单独斜入射方法类似SV波。近断层SV波、P波组合斜入射即在单独斜入射的基础上进行矢量叠加。
本文基于设计地震动反演得到覆盖层下部基岩的P波、SV波斜入射时程,研究近断层组合入射时沥青混凝土心墙坝的响应。当考虑近断层地震动水平分量和竖向分量时,先假设P波和SV波的入射角分别为αγ,其反演示意图如图2所示。根据P波、SV波单独斜入射时对自由面地震动分量的贡献比例进行反演,如下式所示:
{a1=sinα+A1sinαA2cosβb1=sinγB1sinγ+B2cosδc1=cosαA1cosαA2sinβd1=sinγB1sinγB2cosδ 
{uxP(t)=g(tΔt1)sinα+A1g(tΔt2)sinαA2g(tΔt3)cosβuyP(t)=g(tΔt1)cosαA1g(tΔt2)cosαA2g(tΔt3)sinβ 
{uxSV(t)=f(tΔt4)sinγB1f(tΔt5)cosγ+B2f(tΔt6)sinδuySV(t)=f(tΔt4)sinγB1g(tΔt5)sinγB2f(tΔt6)cosδ 
式中,A1A2B1B2分别为P波和SV波的反射系数;a1b1分别为P波、SV波及其反射波对水平地震动的贡献值;c1d1分别为P波、SV波及其反射波对垂直地震动的贡献值; β 为入射P波反射的SV波角度;δ为入射SV波反射的P波角度;g(t)、f(t)分别为入射P波、SV波时程;Δt1、Δt2、Δt3、Δt4、Δt5、Δt6分别为入射P波及其反射的P波和SV波、入射SV波及其反射的SV波和P波从零时刻波阵面到该点的时间延迟;uxPuyPuxSVuySV为反演得到的位移时程。
当基岩边界为黏弹性边界时,地震动的输入问题就转化为人工边界节点上作用自由场运动的问题,进而转化为节点的等效节点力处理[19]。 由于考虑了波的振动方向,因此在单独求解P波和SV波入射时的自由场位移时就是把振动方向的位移进行水平、竖直分解。如图2所示,P波、SV波叠加时的等效节点力即可由P波、SV波单独入射时边界上同一位置的等效节点力直接加减得到,如下式所示:
{ux(t)=a1g(t)+b1f(t)uy(t)=c1g(t)+d1f(t) 
式中,ux(t)和uy(t)分别为入射P波和SV波矢量叠加后的水平向和竖向位移函数。
在此基础上进行近断层地震动的斜入射计算。根据黏弹性人工边界模拟无限地基辐射阻尼效应,将地震动的输入问题转化为边界上等效节点力处理。即将场地边界面地震动荷载根据公式转化为边界面的等效节点力的形式,输入有限元模型中进行动力计算。黏弹性人工边界等效节点力计算公式为:
Fb=(Kbubff+Cbu˙bff+σbffn)Ab 
式中,Kb为刚度系数;Cb为阻尼系数;ubffu˙bffσbff分别为自由场位移、速度和应力;Ab为影响面积;n为边界法向向量。
当坝体基础条件存在覆盖层时,不能直接用上面的方法得到场地的入射波[20]。本文参考文献[21]的方法处理地基带有覆盖层的情况,假定坝上游右岸肩某一点(河谷地形不影响坝体地震动响应)为控制点,设计地震动为控制点地震动的方法进行地震波的反演,进而根据上文方式获得带有覆盖层地基的入射波时程。文献[22]中提到,覆盖层土体侧边界弹簧阻尼系数取值非常困难,而文献[23]分析研究表明:覆盖层为均匀土层且土层长深比大于7时,覆盖层侧边界条件对土石坝等结构的结果几乎没有影响。考虑到计算时间及准确性,本文在基础底部(基岩底处)使用黏弹性人工边界,采用地基沿水流方向的长度为8倍坝高的形式实现近断层地震动的输入和辐射阻尼效应。
沥青混凝土心墙坝一般建设于覆盖层场地条件下,本文采用的场地条件为覆盖层场地。其中覆盖层参照已建工程场地条件进行模拟,覆盖层总厚度为60 m,分别为含砾石粗砂层、碎砾石层和块碎石层。沥青混凝土心墙坝从上游到下游的结构分别为:围堰、砂砾料、过渡料、心墙、过渡料、利用料和排水棱体,如图3所示。
本文采用有限元软件ABAQUS进行数值仿真模拟,首先根据坝基数据进行二维建模,选择断面为坝轴线所在平面。在二维平面上进行材料分区、物理属性赋予及网格划分。网格划分时单元密度采用关键部位细、非关键部位粗的原则进行,单元类型定义为平面应变单元。
本文首先进行上游正常蓄水情况下的静力计算并得到静力变形和围压等结果,根据静力围压和输入近断层地震动进行动力计算得到加速度、变形和动剪应变幅值等响应,其中动剪应变幅值是心墙坝永久变形计算的初始条件。
沥青混凝土心墙坝结构的静力、动力分析和永久变形计算分别采用邓肯-张E-B非线性本构模型[24]、等效线性黏弹性本构模型[25]和沈珠江残余变形模型[26]。静动力计算采用的材料参数如表23所示,表中各变量含义详见文献[24-26],静力、动力和永久变形计算过程见文献[18]。基岩的密度为2.7 g/cm3,弹性模量为2.97 GPa,泊松比为0.3。
研究人员一般只选用PGA作为地震动强度指标,但是表征地震动特性的其他强度指标也不可忽视,甚至某些地震动强度指标与结构响应的相关程度高于PGA[27]。因此本文在参考地震动强度指标相关文献和试算的基础上,共选择8个近断层地震动强度指标:IM(PGASa(T1)、PGVSv(T1)、VSIHIPGV2/PGASd(T1)),这些指标与沥青混凝土心墙坝响应的相关程度全在中度相关以上,且大部分达到高度相关。远场地震情况下,地震动记录水平向的强度大于竖向。近场地震动作用下,存在地震波竖向能量大于水平向能量的情况,建议关注竖向分量作用下的工程结构地震响应[28]。因此本文将分别在地震动强度指标水平向、竖向基础上进行结构的响应分析,并将心墙坝的水平变形和相对震陷率作为工程需求参数。
本文基于近断层地震动入射条件,在正常蓄水位的情况下,将选取的14条近断层地震动组合斜入射到大坝上游侧场地中。入射P波、SV波斜入射角分别考虑为60°和30°,这是取自单波斜入射时响应最突出的入射角范围。输入地震动均以PGA作为调幅自变量,其他地震动强度指标的数值根据调幅后的地震动时程曲线计算得到,地震动强度指标的名称和计算公式如表4所示。表4中,a(t)为地震动加速度时程;T为结构自振周期(单位:s);a为基准地震动加速度;z为与场地类别相关的场地修正系数; v(t)为地震动速度时程;Sa(T,5%)、Sv(T,5%)和Sd(T,5%)分别表示阻尼比 ξ=5%时的加速度反应谱值、速度反应谱值和位移反应谱值。按水平向地震动调幅时,竖向地震动同比放大或缩小,即竖向地震动乘以水平调幅系数;按竖向地震动调幅时,水平向地震动乘以竖向调幅系数。PGA初始强度为0.1g,按等步长法进行调幅,步长为0.1g,调幅后的PGA分别为0.1g、0.2g、0.3g、0.4g、0.5g、0.6g、0.7g、0.8g、0.9g和1.0g,将调幅好的地震动记录分别按照SV波30°、P波60°的入射角进行反演,得到覆盖层场地的输入地震动时程,在此时程基础上进行近断层地震动作用下心墙坝结构的动力分析,并分析其在不同强度地震动作用下的破坏情况。
PGASa(T1)、PGVSv(T1)、VSIHIPGV2/PGASd(T1)值作为IM,预测地面峰值加速度分别为0.2g、0.4g和0.6g时沥青混凝土心墙坝出现各种破坏状态的概率。计算得到的地震动强度指标的数值如表5所示,其中PGV的数值取值为近断层地震动加速度记录分别为0.2g、0.4g和0.6g时对应的均值,由对应PGV值与PGA值计算得到PGV2/PGA
土石坝的震害主要为水平永久变形和坝顶沉降,一般用相对震陷率表示土石坝坝顶沉降,对于带覆盖层的坝体,其相对震陷率数值为坝顶沉降值与坝体和覆盖层高度之和的比值。水平变形则是直接根据变形数值来评价,传统的损伤分析一般只在坝顶相对震陷率基础上进行,但研究表明坝体水平方向的变形同样危害坝身健康,因此有必要在心墙坝水平变形的基础上进行易损性分析。变形作为震害调查的主要内容,无论是水平变形还是沉降都会导致坝体裂缝,危及坝体安全稳定。沥青混凝土心墙坝的坝顶变形是地震后坝体最直观的震害表现,其参数定义清晰明确。本文参考靳聪聪[12]建议的考虑坝体相对震陷率和坝顶最大水平变形的土石坝震损等级划分,如表6所示。
本文中U1U2分别为沥青混凝土心墙坝的水平向变形和沉降,地震动强度指标右下角的角标“1”和“2”分别表示水平向地表地震动强度指标参数和竖向地表地震动强度指标参数。
IM以PGA为例,以坝顶的变形(U)为损伤指标(EDP)在对数坐标系下进行线性回归分析,得到沥青混凝土心墙坝的IM与EDP的关系。沥青混凝土心墙坝在各破坏极限状态下的易损性曲线[28]表达式如下:
lnU=lna+bln(PGA) 
M=lnUln(a·PGAb) 
βln(U|PGA)=Σ(M)2n2 
P(Cn|PGA)=Φ(lnC¯nlnUβU|PGA2+βCn2) 
式中,Φ为标准正态分布;C¯n为沥青混凝土心墙坝的水平变形和沉降在各极限状态下抗震能力中位值,如以水平变形为损伤指标时,其C¯1C¯2C¯3C¯4分别为0.1、0.2、0.5和1.0 m。其余地震动强度指标为IM时的易损性表达式可同样求得。
沥青混凝土心墙坝地震后基本完好的概率由100%与轻微破坏易损性曲线数值相减得到,轻微破坏的概率则由中等破坏易损性曲线数值与轻微破坏易损性曲线数值相减得到,其余三种破坏概率可以此类推,此处不再赘述。IM为PGA时,其基本完好概率如下式所示:
F1(PGA)=1Φ(lnC¯1lnUβU|PGA2+βC12) 
表7为lnU与lnIM1的回归曲线的拟合参数,即相关性系数。从表7中可以看出,各水平向近断层地震动强度指标与心墙坝变形间的相关性较好,其中PGV12/PGA1与水平变形、相对震陷率的相关性最差,其数值分别为0.758、0.761。
表8中可以看出:与表7相比,虽然心墙坝的变形与竖向近断层地震动强度指标的相关性稍差于水平向,但其相关程度均在中度相关以上,其中PGA2Sa(T1)2PGV2VSI2HI2Sd(T1)2等与变形的相关程度更是达到高度相关。对于沥青混混凝土心墙坝而言,其水平变形和相对震陷率与竖向近断层地震动强度指标相关性数值相近,水平变形与VSI2的相关性最好,分别为0.908和0.910。由于近断层地震动作用下竖向地震动记录的加速度、速度和位移峰值极有可能会大于水平向记录,因此竖向近断层地震动记录不容忽视。
图4为IM为各地震动强度指标按水平分量调幅的易损性曲线。从图4(a)中可以看出,当PGA1较小时,主要发生轻微破坏,此时分别以水平变形或相对震陷率为性能参数得到的轻微破坏概率较为接近;当PGA1>0.45g时,主要发生较重破坏,以相对震陷率为性能参数得到的较重破坏概率大于以水平变形为性能参数得到的较重破坏概率;对于更高的PGA1则发生严重破坏,以相对震陷率为性能参数得到的严重破坏概率始终大于以水平变形为性能参数的相应值。可见,对于不同的PGA1,以水平变形为性能参数和以相对震陷率为性能参数得到的失效概率有较大差异。
图4(b)~(d)中可以看出,随着Sa(T1)1HI1Sd(T1)1的增大,以水平变形或相对震陷率为性能参数得到的各级破坏概率的对比关系与图4(a)类似,此处不再赘述。其他近断层地震动强度指标的水平分量(PGV1Sv(T1)1、VSI1、和PGV12/PGA1)调幅得到的易损性曲线规律也类似,同样不再给出和讨论。
图5~7给出了水平向地震动分别为0.2g、0.4g和0.6g时心墙坝的失效概率。由图可知:以各地震动强度指标按水平分量调幅,不同性能参数得到的破坏概率也不相同。HI1作为强度指标时,心墙坝完好和轻微破坏的概率最高,坝体发生中等、较重和严重破坏的概率最低;以PGA1PGV1PGV12/PGA1作为强度指标时,情况恰好与HI1作为强度指标时相反;以Sa(T1)1Sv(T1)1VSI1Sd(T1)1作为强度指标时,心墙坝的极限破坏概率情况在两者中间。
随着地震动水平分量强度的增加,震后坝体完好、轻微破坏的概率越来越低,相反坝体发生中等、较重和严重破坏的概率逐渐升高。
对比图5(a)和(b)可以看出:当坝体处于完好或轻微破坏状态时,以水平变形为性能参数得到的失效概率大于以相对震陷率为参数得到的失效概率;当坝体处于中等、较重和严重破坏状态时,则以相对震陷率为性能参数得到的失效概率更高。观察图67,同样可以得出类似结论,应用不同的性能参数得出的坝体不同等级的失效概率差异较大:如当PGA1为0.4g时,以水平变形为性能参数可得坝体中等破坏概率为62%,而以相对震陷率为性能参数可得坝体中等破坏的概率仅为30%,两者相差约1倍。这也说明求取近断层地震动作用下心墙坝的失效概率,进而开展坝体易损性分析时,应考虑坝顶水平变形和坝顶竖向相对震陷不同性能参数带来的影响。
图8(a)给出了以水平变形为性能参数时,不同地震动强度调幅指标对坝体破坏概率的影响。从图中可以看出:8个地震动强度指标带来的破坏概率值存在差异,当地震动输入强度为0.4g时,基本完好概率最低为0.88%(PGV12/PGA1),最高为13.78%(HI1),中等破坏概率最低为38.85%(HI1)、最高为63.72%(PGV12/PGA1),严重破坏概率最低为0.06%(HI1)、最高为2.31%(PGV1)。
图8(b)给出了以相对震陷率为性能参数时,不同地震动强度调幅指标对坝体破坏概率的影响。从图中可以看出:不同地震动强度调幅指标得出的坝体破坏概率同样存在较大差异,可见,近断层地震动作用下的沥青混凝土心墙坝的破坏概率计算和易损性分析,不能像远场地震动一样仅仅以PGA作为强度指标进行调幅分析,应多找几个与性能参数高度相关且能表征近断层脉冲特征的地震动强度指标进行调幅分析,以得出坝体在各种可能情况下的最高失效概率。
图9为IM为各地震动强度指标按垂直分量调幅的易损性曲线。从图9(a)中可以看出:与图4(a)类似,性能参数不同时得到的坝体破坏概率差异明显,以相对震陷率为性能参数时得到的严重破坏概率始终大于以水平变形为性能参数时的值,而以相对震陷率为性能参数时得到的轻微破坏概率则小于以水平变形为性能参数时的值。
对比图4(a)~(d)图6(a)~(d)可以得出:当自变量为PGA2Sa(T1)2HI2Sd(T1)2时,其发生较重和严重破坏的概率显著大于以PGA1Sa(T1)1HI1Sd(T1)1为自变量情况下的结果,这也表明在预测近断层强震作用下心墙坝的损伤情况时(尤其是较重、严重破坏状态),不能忽视地震动竖向记录的影响。
图10~12给出了竖向地震动分别为0.2g、0.4g和0.6g时心墙坝的失效概率。由图可知:以HI2Sv(T1)2为强度指标时,得到坝体的失效概率相近,得到的心墙坝基本完好和轻微破坏的概率较高。8个强度指标中,以PGA2Sa(T1)2VSI2Sd(T1)2为强度指标时预测的破坏概率数值适中,以PGV2PGV22/PGA2为强度指标时,得到的坝体失效概率与上述竖向地震动强度指标引起的坝体失效概率差异明显。
同样对比图101112中的(a)、(b)小图可见,仅以地震作用后心墙坝的水平变形或相对震陷率作为评价指标是不够的,在分析坝体的失效概率时,应以性能参数为坝体水平变形量和相对震陷率时的概率值综合评价坝体的震后状态。
图13(a)给出了以水平变形为性能参数时,竖向地震动强度指标对坝体破坏概率的影响。不同强度指标带来的坝体破坏概率值差异明显,这种差异在破坏情况为轻微、中等和较重破坏时特别显著,而基本完好和严重破坏时差异则较小。
图13(b)给出了以相对震陷率为性能参数时,竖向地震动强度指标对坝体破坏概率的影响。从图中可以看出:不同强度指标带来的坝体破坏概率值差异明显,当近断层地震动输入强度为0.6g、损伤指标为相对震陷率时,地震动强度指标为HI2时预测的坝体安全概率达到20.47%,较重和严重破坏概率分别为8.43%和6.71%;同样输入条件下另外几种地震动指标完好概率大多不到10%,而发生较重破坏的概率大多超过15%,严重破坏的概率则普遍高于10%。由此可见,以某些强度指标(如HI2)作为坝体概率预测自变量时会偏于保守,以某些强度指标(如PGV2)评价时则偏于危险,因此针对不同近断层地震动强度的特性分析非常重要。
表9为沥青混凝土心墙坝严重破坏概率为10%时对应的8个地震动强度指标的水平向、竖向分量的数值,其中IM1U1)列为损伤指标为水平变形时其对应的水平向地震动强度指标的数值,其他三列数值意义以此类推。基于篇幅考虑,本文只例举部分结果。
对比表9中的第2和3列可以发现:在相同失效概率下,水平向近断层地震动强度指标数值大于竖向地震动强度指标数值,这也表明竖向近断层地震动的破坏作用可能比水平向更大,按水平向地震动强度指标进行易损性分析获得的严重破坏概率比按竖向地震动调幅分析的概率更小,同种失效概率情况下,水平向近断层地震动的数值甚至达到了竖向近断层地震动数值的2倍,结果表明,在进行近断层地震动易损性分析时不能忽略竖向地震动强度指标的影响。
本文基于地表地震动反演确定场地SV波(入射角为30°)、P波(入射角为60°)组合斜入射时程,将近断层SV波、P波组合斜入射到沥青混凝土心墙坝的覆盖层场地中,得到近断层地震动作用下沥青混凝土心墙坝的变形情况。利用IDA法进行近断层地震动作用下的心墙坝的易损性分析。并结合心墙坝损伤指标,绘制各地震动强度指标下的易损性曲线,根据此曲线判断不同指标条件下心墙坝在各极限破坏状态下的概率,得到以下结论:
(1)沥青混凝土心墙坝的变形响应随着8种地震动强度指标水平向、竖向分量数值的增大而增大,其随水平向、竖向地震动强度指标值增大的变化趋势虽然相同,但增长率存在差异,因此有必要结合水平向、竖向地震动强度指标展开沥青混凝土心墙坝的响应分析。竖向近断层地震动强度指标引起的极限破坏概率与水平向引起的概率差异明显,在进行近断层地震动作用下结构的易损性分析时应重视竖向地震动强度指标。
(2)进行近断层地震动作用下沥青混凝土心墙坝损伤分析时,水平向地震动强度指标选择为Sa(T1)1Sv(T1)1VSI1Sd(T1)1,竖向地震动强度指标选择为PGA2Sa(T1)2VSI2Sd(T1)2时,其坝体预测破坏概率适中。
(3)鉴于不同强度指标下不同损伤指标对应的破坏概率不相同,建议在进行近断层地震动作用下心墙坝易损性分析时,应考虑水平向、竖向地震动分量相结合的损伤分析方法,同时不应只把坝体相对震陷率作为损伤评价指标,而应在水平变形指标和相对震陷率指标结合的情况下进行沥青混凝土心墙坝的易损性分析和安全评价。
  • 国家自然科学基金重点项目(52039008)
  • 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划面上项目(2022JM-276)
  • 陕西省教育厅青年创新团队科研计划项目(22JP052)
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2025年第38卷第5期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.05.022
  • 接收时间:2023-03-13
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-13
  • 修回日期:2023-06-14
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(52039008)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划面上项目(2022JM-276)
陕西省教育厅青年创新团队科研计划项目(22JP052)
作者信息
    1.西安理工大学旱区水工程生态环境全国重点实验室,陕西 西安 710048
    2.西华大学能源与动力工程学院,四川 成都 610039
    3.山东省水利勘测设计院有限公司,山东 济南 250013

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宋志强(1981—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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