Article(id=1228805281702933405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805274362904818, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.05.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1684944000000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-25, revisedDate=1691251200000, revisedDateStr=2023-08-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770899609256, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770899609256, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770899609256, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770899609256, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228805274362904818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='5', pageStart='889', pageEnd='1132', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770899607506, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770901500406, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228813213828051801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805274362904818, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228813213828051802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805274362904818, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1055, endPage=1065, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228805281971368875, articleId=1228805281702933405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Experimental study on hysteresis performance of prefabricated self-centering energy dissipation brace assembled with U-shaped steel plates and pre-compressive disc springs, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To realize the resilience of structure under earthquake and solve the problem of large residual deformation of energy dissipation dampers, a prefabricated self-centering energy dissipation brace assembled with U-shaped steel plates and pre-compressive disc springs (U-SCEB) has been developed. This innovative brace comprises a pre-compressive disc spring self-centering system and a U-shaped steel plate energy dissipation system, assembled in parallel. Compared to previous self-centering energy dissipation braces with combined disc springs, the U-SCEB has better deformation capacity and can be fully assembled on-site, facilitating the replacement of damaged U-plates after an earthquake. The configuration and working principle of the U-SCEB were described, and its restoring force model was established. The self-centering capability of the combined disc springs and the energy dissipation capability of the U-shaped steel plates were investigated by the quasi-static cyclic loading test, and the hysteretic behavior of the U-SCEB was further studied by the quasi-static loading test. Finally, the finite element model of the brace was established, and the influence of different design parameters on the hysteretic performance of the U-SCEB was analyzed. The results show that the configuration of the brace is simple, and the self-centering principle is clear. The brace can be assembled on-site, and the components are replaceable. The restoring force model of the brace presents a typical flag shape. Under the quasi-static cyclic loading, damage to the brace is mainly manifested as plastic damage at the connection between the flat and bent sections of the U-shaped steel plate, and the hysteresis curve exhibits stable energy dissipation, excellent self-centering ability, and significant deformation capacity. To ensure the excellent self-centering capacity of the brace, the pre-compressive force of the disc springs should be larger than or equal to the peak strength of the U-shaped steel plates.

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为了满足结构在地震作用下的功能可恢复性,针对纯耗能阻尼器具有较大残余变形的问题,本文发展了一种装配式内置预压碟簧U形钢板自复位耗能支撑(U-SCEB),该支撑由预压组合碟簧自复位系统和U形钢板阻尼器耗能系统并联组成。相较于现有的组合碟簧自复位耗能支撑,U-SCEB具有更好的变形能力且可实现现场完全装配,震后可方便更换损坏的U形板。阐述了U-SCEB的构造与工作机理,并建立了其恢复力模型。通过拟静力往复加载试验研究了组合碟簧的自复位能力和U形钢板的耗能能力,进一步对U-SCEB开展拟静力试验研究其滞回性能。建立了该支撑的实体有限元模型,通过数值模拟探讨了不同设计参数对U-SCEB滞回性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:该自复位耗能支撑的构造简单且自复位机理清晰,可实现现场装配,各部件均可更换,恢复力模型呈双旗帜特征;在循环往复拉压荷载作用下,支撑的破坏主要表现为U形钢板的平直段与弯曲段连接处出现塑性破坏,滞回曲线表现出良好的耗能能力和自复位能力,同时具有较强的变形能力;为了实现支撑优良的自复位能力,组合碟簧的预压力需大于或等于U形钢板的最大承载力。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
韩强(1974—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=pA0GakvtcH/vIsjiTGbVFg==, magXml=bzeuq3Bm6Rx74ymrxik4eg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=nsZQpBS3Ay26fvUhgLtpBQ==, pdfFileSize=3124605, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=4nYWsB4m2JlACaTOJHHaQw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=vTExOsmocKCgJzYxR1vb1w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

董慧慧(1987—),女,博士,副研究员。E-mail:

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董慧慧(1987—),女,博士,副研究员。E-mail:

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董慧慧(1987—),女,博士,副研究员。E-mail:

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caption=Influence of thickness of pre-compressive force of combined disc springs, figureFileSmall=lsizciO68XIcIoVQjgB6WQ==, figureFileBig=dDXOmDVpX1t9t0ZkLm3qRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805295900652321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805281702933405, language=CN, label=图27, caption=组合碟簧预压力影响规律, figureFileSmall=lsizciO68XIcIoVQjgB6WQ==, figureFileBig=dDXOmDVpX1t9t0ZkLm3qRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228805295992927012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805281702933405, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Design parameter values of U-SCEB

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量支撑编号U形钢板宽度/mmU形钢板厚度/mmU形钢板弯曲段半径/mm组合碟簧预压力/kN
U形钢板宽度U-SCEB160105085
U-SCEB2100105085
U-SCEB3140105085
U形钢板厚度U-SCEB410085085
U-SCEB2100105085
U-SCEB5100125085
U形钢板弯曲段半径U-SCEB6100104085
U-SCEB2100105085
U-SCEB7100106085
组合碟簧预压力U-SCEB8100105050
U-SCEB2100105085
U-SCEB91001050120
), ArticleFig(id=1228805296076813095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805281702933405, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

U-SCEB设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量支撑编号U形钢板宽度/mmU形钢板厚度/mmU形钢板弯曲段半径/mm组合碟簧预压力/kN
U形钢板宽度U-SCEB160105085
U-SCEB2100105085
U-SCEB3140105085
U形钢板厚度U-SCEB410085085
U-SCEB2100105085
U-SCEB5100125085
U形钢板弯曲段半径U-SCEB6100104085
U-SCEB2100105085
U-SCEB7100106085
组合碟簧预压力U-SCEB8100105050
U-SCEB2100105085
U-SCEB91001050120
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装配式内置预压碟簧U形钢板自复位耗能支撑滞回性能试验研究
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董慧慧 1 , 苏灿 1 , 韩强 1 , 杜修力 1 , 古智钧 2
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(5): 1055-1065
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(5): 1055-1065
装配式内置预压碟簧U形钢板自复位耗能支撑滞回性能试验研究
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董慧慧1 , 苏灿1, 韩强1 , 杜修力1, 古智钧2
作者信息
  • 1.北京工业大学城市与工程安全减灾教育部重点实验室,北京 100124
  • 2.中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵州 贵阳 550081
  • 董慧慧(1987—),女,博士,副研究员。E-mail:

通讯作者:

韩强(1974—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Experimental study on hysteresis performance of prefabricated self-centering energy dissipation brace assembled with U-shaped steel plates and pre-compressive disc springs
Huihui DONG1 , Can SU1, Qiang HAN1 , Xiuli DU1, Zhijun GU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China
  • 2.Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited,POWERCHINA, Guiyang 550081,China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.05.017
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为了满足结构在地震作用下的功能可恢复性,针对纯耗能阻尼器具有较大残余变形的问题,本文发展了一种装配式内置预压碟簧U形钢板自复位耗能支撑(U-SCEB),该支撑由预压组合碟簧自复位系统和U形钢板阻尼器耗能系统并联组成。相较于现有的组合碟簧自复位耗能支撑,U-SCEB具有更好的变形能力且可实现现场完全装配,震后可方便更换损坏的U形板。阐述了U-SCEB的构造与工作机理,并建立了其恢复力模型。通过拟静力往复加载试验研究了组合碟簧的自复位能力和U形钢板的耗能能力,进一步对U-SCEB开展拟静力试验研究其滞回性能。建立了该支撑的实体有限元模型,通过数值模拟探讨了不同设计参数对U-SCEB滞回性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:该自复位耗能支撑的构造简单且自复位机理清晰,可实现现场装配,各部件均可更换,恢复力模型呈双旗帜特征;在循环往复拉压荷载作用下,支撑的破坏主要表现为U形钢板的平直段与弯曲段连接处出现塑性破坏,滞回曲线表现出良好的耗能能力和自复位能力,同时具有较强的变形能力;为了实现支撑优良的自复位能力,组合碟簧的预压力需大于或等于U形钢板的最大承载力。

自复位耗能支撑  /  组合碟簧  /  U形钢板  /  滞回性能  /  破坏模式

To realize the resilience of structure under earthquake and solve the problem of large residual deformation of energy dissipation dampers, a prefabricated self-centering energy dissipation brace assembled with U-shaped steel plates and pre-compressive disc springs (U-SCEB) has been developed. This innovative brace comprises a pre-compressive disc spring self-centering system and a U-shaped steel plate energy dissipation system, assembled in parallel. Compared to previous self-centering energy dissipation braces with combined disc springs, the U-SCEB has better deformation capacity and can be fully assembled on-site, facilitating the replacement of damaged U-plates after an earthquake. The configuration and working principle of the U-SCEB were described, and its restoring force model was established. The self-centering capability of the combined disc springs and the energy dissipation capability of the U-shaped steel plates were investigated by the quasi-static cyclic loading test, and the hysteretic behavior of the U-SCEB was further studied by the quasi-static loading test. Finally, the finite element model of the brace was established, and the influence of different design parameters on the hysteretic performance of the U-SCEB was analyzed. The results show that the configuration of the brace is simple, and the self-centering principle is clear. The brace can be assembled on-site, and the components are replaceable. The restoring force model of the brace presents a typical flag shape. Under the quasi-static cyclic loading, damage to the brace is mainly manifested as plastic damage at the connection between the flat and bent sections of the U-shaped steel plate, and the hysteresis curve exhibits stable energy dissipation, excellent self-centering ability, and significant deformation capacity. To ensure the excellent self-centering capacity of the brace, the pre-compressive force of the disc springs should be larger than or equal to the peak strength of the U-shaped steel plates.

self-centering energy dissipation brace  /  combined disc springs  /  U-shaped steel plates  /  hysteresis performance  /  failure mode
董慧慧, 苏灿, 韩强, 杜修力, 古智钧. 装配式内置预压碟簧U形钢板自复位耗能支撑滞回性能试验研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (5) : 1055 -1065 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.05.017
Huihui DONG, Can SU, Qiang HAN, Xiuli DU, Zhijun GU. Experimental study on hysteresis performance of prefabricated self-centering energy dissipation brace assembled with U-shaped steel plates and pre-compressive disc springs[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (5) : 1055 -1065 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.05.017
为了减小地震对人民生命财产的危害,通常采用高性能材料或者减/隔震装置来提高结构的抗震性能[1-2]。自复位耗能支撑作为结构抗侧力附加构件,在地震作用下先于主体结构屈服并耗散能量,同时通过其自复位能力减小结构的残余位移,可快速恢复结构的使用功能,降低结构地震损伤和维修重建成本。
目前,国内外学者已经提出了各种各样的自复位耗能支撑[3-5]。自复位耗能支撑主要由自复位系统和耗能系统组成[6]。目前自复位系统主要有预拉绞线、预压碟簧或者SMA材料等。文献[7-9]提出了一种由预应力筋作为自复位系统的自复位耗能支撑,研究发现该支撑滞回曲线呈双旗帜特征,几乎消除了残余变形。徐龙河等[10-12]提出了内置预压碟簧的自复位耗能支撑,建立了恢复力模型并通过拟静力试验研究了其滞回性能,结果表明该支撑可基本消除残余位移。DOLCE等[13]提出了基于镍钛SMA的自复位耗能支撑,研究表明该支撑残余位移较小且具有稳定的耗能能力。值得注意的是,SMA材料价格昂贵且性能受外界环境影响大,因此目前基于SMA材料的自复位耗能阻尼器的实际工程应用较少。实现预拉绞线良好锚固的技术要求很高,同时预应力损失明显。比起预拉绞线,预压组合碟簧可以提供更大的复位力且性价比较高,是目前优选的自复位系统。
耗能系统主要有液体耗能、金属屈服耗能以及摩擦耗能等形式。如郭富宝等[14]提出的新型磁流变阻尼器,仿真结果表明其具有良好的动力性能。付伟庆等[15]提出的变阻尼黏滞阻尼器在拉压循环荷载下表现出良好的耗能能力。但由于磁流变液体阻尼器工艺要求高,难以在工程中推广,目前常用金属屈服的形式作为耗能系统。金属屈服耗能主要有防屈曲支撑(BRB)和U形钢板阻尼器。BRB形式多种多样,已有研究结果表明其具有良好的耗能能力和稳定的刚度、强度[16-19]。学者们提出了基于BRB的自复位耗能支撑。如DONG等[20]提出了采用BRB耗能的自复位耗能支撑,通过拟静力试验,得到了双旗帜特征的滞回曲线;CHEN等[21]通过拟静力试验研究了基于组合碟簧和防屈曲钢芯的自复位耗能支撑的滞回性能,其滞回曲线呈旗帜型,几乎消除了残余位移。KELLY等[22]首先提出了U形钢板阻尼器,通过理论分析与试验研究,表明其具有稳定的耗能能力。QU等[23]设计了基于U形钢板的耗能支撑,拟静力试验结果表明其具有良好的耗能能力和变形能力。与BRB相比,U形钢板阻尼器可实现完全装配,U形钢板更换方便,且具有更强的变形能力,贾俊峰等[24]设计了基于U形钢板的自复位耗能支撑,通过数值模拟研究了其滞回曲线。
基于上述研究,本文发展了一种装配式内置预压碟簧U形钢板自复位耗能支撑(U-SCEB),阐述了其结构构造与工作机理,通过试验分别研究了组合碟簧与U形钢板的滞回性能,以及U-SCEB的抗震性能,并且通过实体有限元模型对比分析了有限元模拟结果与试验结果,并通过数值模拟探讨了不同设计参数对自复位耗能支撑滞回性能的影响规律。
U-SCEB的主要部件包括:连接板、组合碟簧、碟簧挡板、U形钢板、高强螺栓、耳板、外壳,具体结构构造如图1所示。自复位耗能支撑主体由耗能系统和自复位系统组成,自复位系统由预压后的组合碟簧、挡块和碟簧挡板组成(见图1(a));耗能系统包含U形钢板、连接板和高强螺栓(见图1(b))。预压组合碟簧与碟簧挡板内置于连接板左侧两挡块内,U形钢板通过高强螺栓与连接板固定。支撑外壳左侧和连接板右侧均焊有耳板。
图1(c)为U-SCEB结构整体构造示意图,如图所示,碟簧挡板置于支撑外壳的四个挡块内,U形钢板外侧通过螺栓与外壳固定,连接板作为传力构件控制自复位系统与耗能系统的变形。该支撑构造简单,耗能系统采用螺栓固定,可实现现场装配,同时各部件损坏后更换方便。
当支撑受压或者受拉变形时,U-SCEB的连接板与外壳之间发生相对位移,带动U形钢板发生变形,屈服后耗散能量;由于支撑外壳的内部挡块可限制碟簧的位移,不论支撑受压还是受拉,都会使组合碟簧处于压缩状态,从而提供复位力。连接板通过挡块与螺栓控制自复位系统与耗能系统保持相同位移,实现自复位系统与耗能系统的并联。
U-SCEB的受力状态可分为三个工作状态:(1)初始状态(如图2(a)所示);(2)受压状态(如图2(b)所示);(3)受拉状态(如图2(c)所示)。图2为支撑的工作原理示意图,组合碟簧的预压力提供支撑的起滑力,当支撑受到的轴向力大于起滑力时,U形钢板开始受力并发生变形,图中F为支撑受到的轴向作用力,u为支撑变形量;Δ为传力机构相对支撑外壳的轴向位移,同时也是组合碟簧和U形钢板的轴向变形量。
(1)初始状态:当支撑受到的轴向作用力小于组合碟簧的预压力时,传力机构与支撑外壳不发生相对移动,此状态下支撑可以提供给结构一定刚度和强度。
(2)受压状态:当支撑受到大于起滑力的轴向压力作用,传力机构向支撑内部运动,与支撑的外壳之间产生相对位移Δ,同时推动U形钢板与预压组合碟簧产生同等位移Δ,由于U形钢板外侧被固定,过程中U形钢板产生塑性变形,耗散能量,左侧碟簧挡板被外挡块挡住,组合碟簧被压缩,复位力增大。
(3)受拉状态:由于U-SCEB结构构造轴对称,受压状态与受拉状态工作机理相同,故不再赘述。
图3给出了U-SCEB的简化恢复力模型,在此阶段:
K1=K+Ku1 
K2=K+Ku2 
Fy=K×uy+Fuy+F0 
uy=uuy 
式中,K为碟簧刚度;K1K2分别为支撑弹性段刚度和屈服后刚度;Ku1Ku2分别为U形钢板的第一刚度和第二刚度;Fyuy分别为支撑的屈服承载力和屈服位移;Fuy为U形钢板屈服承载力;uuy为U形钢板屈服位移;F0为组合碟簧预压力。
其中U形钢板阻尼器的第一刚度和第二刚度分别为[25]
Ku1=EBT36πR3 
Ku2=βEBT36πR3 
式中,E为钢材的弹性模量;BTR分别为U型钢板的宽度、厚度和圆弧段中心线半径(见图4);β为弹性理论公式在推拉荷载下的修正系数,采用Q235B钢材时β=0.02501,U形钢板在卸载段与加载段刚度相同。
U形钢板阻尼器屈服承载力可表示为[26]
Fuy=fyBT24R+T 
式中,fy为采用钢材的屈服强度。
则U形钢板阻尼器的屈服位移为:
uuy=FuyKu1 
U形钢板阻尼器的最大承载力Fmax可由下式计算得到[23]
Fmax=2BλRγ(γ+2)R(T2)γ+2 
式中,λγ为采用钢材的循环加载参数,可通过材料循环加载试验得到。
则U形钢板阻尼器在位移um处达到最大承载力:
um=uuy+FmaxFuyKu2 
单片碟簧的承载力F与变形量f可根据规范[27]求得,则碟簧刚度计算公式如下:
K=Ff=4E1u2t3K1D2K42{K42[(h0t)23h0tft+32(ft)2]+1} 
式中,d为碟簧内径;E为碟簧采用材料的弹性模量;D为碟簧外径;H0为碟簧自由高度;t为无支撑面碟簧厚度;h0为碟簧压平时的变形量(见图5);本文采用无支撑面碟簧,K4=1
根据U-SCEB的工作原理,假定支撑左侧固定,右侧施加轴向作用力F,作用力F≤预压力F0时,支撑保持静止状态;F>F0,连接板产生轴向位移,U形钢板产生形变耗散能量,组合碟簧被压缩,提供复位力。卸载后,组合碟簧通过传力机构推动各部件恢复至初始位置,消除支撑的残余位移,达到自复位要求。为实现支撑的自复位能力,需要碟簧预压力F0≥U形钢板阻尼器的最大承载力Fmax,即:
F0Fmax 
为研究U-SCEB的滞回性能,本文设计有效长度为1360 mm、变形能力不低于48 mm、屈服承载力为170 kN且具有完全自复位能力的自复位耗能支撑。基于支撑自复位能力实现的要求(如式(12)所示),U-SCEB选用最大承载力为85 kN的U形钢板阻尼器与施加85 kN预压力的组合碟簧并联组成。为了研究U-SCEB的抗震性能,首先对U形钢板阻尼器和组合碟簧分别进行拟静力试验,研究耗能系统和自复位系统的滞回性能,然后进一步对装配式内置预压碟簧U形钢板自复位耗能支撑开展拟静力试验研究其滞回性能。
U形钢板阻尼器由相同的四块U形钢板并联而成。U形钢板尺寸如图6(a)所示,厚度为10 mm,宽度为100 mm,平直段长度为90 mm,弯曲段半径(外径)为50 mm。U形钢板为Q235B钢材,其余部件均为Q345钢材。连接板为200 mm×400 mm×20 mm,高强螺栓选用M18规格,强度为8.8 J。
本试验在北京工业大学城市与工程安全减灾教育部重点实验室完成,U形钢板阻尼器及试验装置如图6(b)所示,使用30 t电液伺服作动器进行加载,采用位移控制加载,加载制度如图7所示。为了研究U形钢板的变形能力,阻尼器预留加载位移空隙为±100 mm,加载至最大位移达到100 mm或U形钢板严重破坏时停止加载。
U形钢板阻尼器的破坏模式如图8所示,在加载至39 mm时U形钢板出现可见裂纹,在加载至66 mm时,U形钢板平直段与圆弧段交界处发生断裂,在其他位置未有明显破坏,此时停止加载。图9为U形钢板阻尼器的滞回曲线,从图中可以看出,其滞回曲线非常饱满,最大承载力为82.6 kN,且在拉压往复加载下,强度与刚度未出现明显的退化。该U形钢板阻尼器全长(耳板预留孔圆心至阻尼器底板,如图6(b)所示)为660 mm,极限位移达到66 mm(变形率为10%),表明其具有良好的变形能力,然而,当位移幅值为66 mm时,残余位移高达61.5 mm。
基于U-SCEB内部空间和强度的要求,组合碟簧选用规范[27]中的A系列无支撑面碟簧,材质为60Si2MnA弹簧钢。单片碟簧尺寸如图10所示,单片碟簧厚度为9.4 mm,高度为13.5 mm,直径为160 mm。组合碟簧为50片碟簧对合组成,组合方式如图11所示,组合后的组合碟簧总长为675 mm。
组合碟簧的加载试验装置与上述U形板试验相同(如图12(a)),加载制度采用拟静力位移控制加载。先对一组组合碟簧进行压缩试验,对另一组组合碟簧先施加85 kN预压力,组合碟簧长度由原长675 mm压缩至607 mm(图12(a)),然后对预压后的组合碟簧进行继续压缩试验,加载制度如图12(b)所示。
试验过程中没有观察到裂缝等破坏现象。从组合碟簧的滞回曲线(图13(a))与预压后的组合碟簧的滞回曲线(图13(b))中可以看出,试件在试验过程中始终保持弹性状态,组合碟簧的刚度与强度没有出现明显退化,未预压的组合碟簧最大压缩量为130 mm,恢复力达到154 kN,预压后的组合碟簧预压力为85 kN,预压位移量为65 mm,继续压缩60 mm,恢复力达到155 kN。在完全卸载后,预压后的组合碟簧长度恢复至原长(675 mm)。
自复位耗能支撑的尺寸如图14(a)所示,试件全长为1820 mm,工作段长为1360 mm,横截面尺寸为265 mm×265 mm。试件内置的四个U形钢板和预压组合碟簧参数与上述(2.1节和2.2节)试验中所用试件一致。
本试验在北京工业大学城市与工程安全减灾教育部重点实验室完成,加载装置为100 t电液伺服作动器。试件加载如图14(b)所示,试验采用低周往复位移加载。为了方便对比分析,加载规则与U形钢板阻尼器拟静力试验(2.1节)相同,加载至48 mm后,U-SCEB达到预期的变形能力,停止加载,图15为U-SCEB的加载制度图。
图16(a)为U-SCEB拉压至最大幅值时的照片,可以明显看出支撑的压缩和拉伸状态。在加载至40 mm后,观察到U-SCEB内的U形钢板上出现裂缝(图16(b)),裂缝位置在U形钢板平直段与弯曲段交界处。为了更清楚地观察U-SCEB的破坏模式,卸载后切开U-SCEB外壳观察其内部状态(图16(b)),内置的组合碟簧没有出现裂缝等破坏现象,同时支撑内部各部件均在自复位系统的作用下恢复至原位。
图17为U-SCEB在拉压循环荷载作用下得到的滞回曲线,从图中可以看出,U-SCEB的滞回曲线呈现典型的旗帜形特征,具有良好的自复位功能。试件的屈服承载力为167 kN。耗能稳定且强度、刚度没有明显的退化现象。图18给出了U-SCEB与U形钢板阻尼器残余位移的对比结果。可以看出,U形钢板阻尼器的残余位移随着加载位移的增加呈线性增加,加载至48 mm后,残余位移达到了43.6 mm。由于试件加工时组合碟簧预压力的误差,U-SCEB也存在一定的残余位移,但最大残余位移仅有10 mm,基本满足自复位的要求。
基于ABAQUS有限元建立U形钢板阻尼器的3D有限元模型,其主要部件为U形钢板和约束板两部分(见图19)。U形钢板采用C3D8R缩减积分单元进行模拟,U形钢板采用Q235钢材,选用理想弹塑性材料模拟,弹性模量E=2.1×105 MPa,泊松比为0.3,屈服应力σSM=235 MPa。约束板采用R3D4刚性四边形壳单元模拟。U形钢板与刚性约束板之间为“硬摩擦”接触,摩擦系数为0.3,U形钢板螺栓孔部位与刚性约束板设置为“绑定”。
预压组合碟簧采用ABAQUS软件自带的“连接器”功能模拟,连接截面为“轴向-双线性”。图20为预压组合碟簧的模拟值与试验值的对比图,图中可以看出,采用连接器功能模拟的预压组合碟簧为理想弹性体,预压力与刚度的数值模拟结果与试验值吻合良好。
将U形钢板阻尼器数值模拟得到的滞回曲线与U形钢板阻尼器拟静力试验得到的滞回曲线进行对比,对比结果如图21所示,从图中可以看出,上述U形钢板有限元模型得到的滞回曲线与试验结果吻合较好。
将上述U形钢板阻尼器模型与预压组合碟簧模型并联得到U-SCEB的3D有限元模型(见图22)。图23(a)给出了加载完成后U形钢板的等效塑性应变云图,从云图中可以看出,U形钢板的塑性应变集中在其平直段与弯曲段交界处,与试验破坏现象一致。将数值模拟结果与试验及理论公式计算得到的滞回曲线进行对比,从对比结果(图23(b))可以看出,三者吻合较好,屈服承载力、刚度基本一致。
由U-SCEB的工作原理可知,组合碟簧与U形钢板的材料性能和尺寸设计参数决定了其滞回性能,为研究不同设计参数对U-SCEB的滞回性能的影响,本文设计了9个不同设计参数的U-SCEB(如表1所示),通过控制变量法分析U形钢板宽度、厚度、弯曲段半径(外径)和组合碟簧预压力对其滞回性能的影响。
为了研究U形钢板宽度对U-SCEB滞回性能的影响,取U形钢板宽度分别为60、100和140 mm,U形钢板厚度均为10 mm,弯曲段半径(外径)均为50 mm,碟簧预压力均为85 kN,其滞回曲线对比结果如图24(a)所示。从图中可以看出,U形钢板宽度对U-SCEB的承载力、残余位移影响较为明显。随着U形钢板宽度增加,支撑的强度增大,但残余位移增加,这是由于耗能系统极限承载力大于组合碟簧的预压力,滞回曲线会留有较大的残余变形。
等效黏滞阻尼比是衡量工程结构耗能能力的重要指标。图24(b)给出了不同U形钢板宽度下支撑的等效黏滞阻尼比。由图可见,随着加载位移的增加,支撑的等效黏滞阻尼比先呈指数型增加,然后趋于稳定,拉压基本对称。U形钢板宽度越大,支撑的等效黏滞阻尼比越大,支撑的耗能能力越强。
为了研究U形钢板厚度对U-SCEB滞回性能的影响,取U形钢板厚度分别为8、10 和12 mm,U形钢板宽度均为100 mm,弯曲段半径(外径)均为50 mm,碟簧预压力均为85 kN,其滞回曲线对比结果如图25(a)所示。从图中可以看出,与U形钢板的宽度影响相比,U形钢板厚度对U-SCEB的承载力、卸载刚度、残余位移和耗能能力的影响与前者相似,但更为显著。
图25(b)给出了不同U形钢板厚度下支撑的等效黏滞阻尼比。由图可见,随着加载位移的增加,支撑的等效黏滞阻尼比先呈指数型增加,然后趋于稳定,拉压基本对称。U形钢板厚度越大,支撑的等效黏滞阻尼比越大,支撑的耗能能力越强。
为了研究U形钢板弯曲段半径对U-SCEB滞回性能的影响,取U形钢板弯曲段外侧半径分别为40、50和60 mm,其他参数均相同。图26(a)为其滞回曲线对比图,图中可以看出,U形钢板弯曲段半径越大,支撑的强度、刚度越小,耗能能力越弱,但是随着耗能系统屈服力的减小,U-SCEB的残余位移减小,自复位性能增强。
图26(b)为不同U形钢板弯曲段半径下支撑的等效黏滞阻尼比的对比结果,从图中可以看出,U形钢板弯曲段半径越小,U-SCEB的等效黏滞阻尼比越大,耗能能力越强。
组合碟簧的预压力大小决定了U-SCEB的自复位能力,为研究组合碟簧预压力大小对U-SCEB滞回性能的影响,建立了预压力大小分别为50、85和120 kN的三个U-SCEB的有限元模型。图27(a)为有限元模型得到的滞回曲线对比图。图中可以看出,随着组合碟簧预压力增加,U-SCEB的强度提升,刚度不变,残余位移显著减小,自复位能力增强。
图27(b)可以看出,组合碟簧预压力越大,U-SCEB的等效黏滞阻尼比越小,耗能能力越小。因此,为了平衡U-SCEB的耗能能力与自复位能力,需要组合碟簧预压力略大于耗能系统最大承载力。
本文发展了一种装配式内置预压碟簧U形钢板自复位耗能支撑(U-SCEB),该支撑由U形钢板阻尼器与预压组合碟簧并联构成,构造简单,自复位机理清晰,可实现完全装配式。首先阐述了该支撑的工作机理和自复位原理,然后对预压组合碟簧和U形钢板阻尼器分别进行了拟静力试验,在此基础上对U-SCEB开展了拟静力试验研究,并建立了有限元模型系统地研究了U-SCEB的抗震性能,探讨了关键参数的影响规律。通过本文的研究,得出以下结论:
(1)U形钢板阻尼器的滞回曲线饱满,耗能稳定,拥有良好的变形能力,存在较大的残余变形;预压组合碟簧在压缩往复荷载作用下,始终保持弹性状态,强度和刚度没有明显退化。
(2)U-SCEB在低周往复荷载作用下呈现出饱满的旗帜形滞回曲线,拉压对称,耗能稳定,没有明显的强度和刚度退化,残余位移很小,拥有优良的自复位性能。
(3)增加U形钢板的宽度、厚度或减小U形钢板的弯曲段半径,U-SCEB的刚度和承载力提高,耗能能力更强,但会削弱U-SCEB的自复位性能。U-SCEB的自复位能力由内置的预压组合碟簧提供,增加组合碟簧的预压力可以提升支撑的自复位能力,同时U-SCEB的等效黏滞阻尼比会随之减小。
(4)U-SCEB的耗能能力与自复位能力是此消彼长的关系,当组合碟簧预压力大于耗能系统的极限承载力时,支撑可完全自复位。因此,在设计构件时需平衡U-SCEB的耗能能力与自复位能力。
(5)基于U-SCEB优良的滞回性能,可将其安装到排架式桥墩间、桥墩与上部结构间、框架结构柱间等处,用以提高结构的抗震韧性。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52278475)
  • 北京市教委科研计划一般项目(KM202210005020)
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.05.017
  • 接收时间:2023-05-25
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-25
  • 修回日期:2023-08-06
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52278475)
北京市教委科研计划一般项目(KM202210005020)
作者信息
    1.北京工业大学城市与工程安全减灾教育部重点实验室,北京 100124
    2.中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵州 贵阳 550081

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韩强(1974—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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