Article(id=1228805279341543802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805274362904818, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.05.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1677686400000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-02, revisedDate=1683561600000, revisedDateStr=2023-05-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770899608693, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770899608693, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770899608693, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770899608693, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228805274362904818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='5', pageStart='889', pageEnd='1132', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770899607506, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770901500406, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228813213828051801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805274362904818, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228813213828051802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805274362904818, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1087, endPage=1098, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228805279677088139, articleId=1228805279341543802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Computational model and damping effect of cross-layer cable-bracing displacement amplification damping wall system, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A structural system for energy dissipation and shock absorption with displacement amplification damping walls across multiple stories is presented. According to structural characteristics of the cable-bracing displacement amplification damping wall, the deformation and force characteristics of the device were analyzed, and presented theoretical formulations for the cable-type damping wall system’s damping force and energy dissipation. The simplified numerical model was established, the parameters that affect the structural performance indicators were analyzed in detail, the fixed-point theory was used to design the optimal parameters of the cable-type damping system, and the energy-dissipating deformation magnification equation was derived to quantify the degree of damping efficiency. A 30-story concrete frame core tube was analyzed for the seismic time-history analysis, though the vibration absorption efficiency of the three damping wall layout schemes of displacement amplification damping wall installed in single story and cable-bracing displacement amplification damping wall system installed in multi-story were compared, it is found that the cable-bracing displacement amplification damping wall system installed in multi-story has a better shock-absorption effect.

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提出了将拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙系统跨层布置的耗能减震结构体系。根据拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙系统的构造形式,分析了装置的变形和受力特点,提出了该减震装置的阻尼力及耗能理论公式。建立了简化数值模型,对影响结构性能指标的参数进行了具体分析,采用定点理论对拉索式阻尼系统进行了最优参数设计,并且推导了耗能变形放大率公式量化阻尼增效程度。对建立的某30层混凝土框架核心筒结构进行了地震时程响应分析,通过对比放大型阻尼墙层间布置和拉索连接放大型阻尼墙跨层布置这3种阻尼墙布置方案的减震效率,发现将拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙系统跨层布置具有更优的减震效果。

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刘文光(1968—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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陈胜权(1999—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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陈胜权(1999—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

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Design parameters of CADWM

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设计参数定义
κ=ke/k等效刚度比:拉索支撑等效刚度与结构刚度之比。
ξ=cα/(20)名义阻尼比:阻尼单元的附加阻尼比,其中ω0=k/m为结构圆频率。
), ArticleFig(id=1228805289114271758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805279341543802, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CADWM设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设计参数定义
κ=ke/k等效刚度比:拉索支撑等效刚度与结构刚度之比。
ξ=cα/(20)名义阻尼比:阻尼单元的附加阻尼比,其中ω0=k/m为结构圆频率。
), ArticleFig(id=1228805289198157843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805279341543802, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Optimal parameters corresponding to the cable arrangement angle θ

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拉索布置角度θ/ (º)最优刚度比κopt最优阻尼比ξopt最优刚度比比值最优阻尼比比值
454.000.221.001.00
504.840.301.211.36
556.080.421.261.40
608.000.631.321.50
6511.201.041.401.65
), ArticleFig(id=1228805289286238233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805279341543802, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

拉索布置角度θ所对应的最优参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拉索布置角度θ/ (º)最优刚度比κopt最优阻尼比ξopt最优刚度比比值最优阻尼比比值
454.000.221.001.00
504.840.301.211.36
556.080.421.261.40
608.000.631.321.50
6511.201.041.401.65
), ArticleFig(id=1228805289370124316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805279341543802, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Design parameters of CADWM based on fixed-point theory

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设计参数取值
刚度比κ6.082
阻尼比ξ0.423
), ArticleFig(id=1228805289458204704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805279341543802, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

基于定点理论的CADWM设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设计参数取值
刚度比κ6.082
阻尼比ξ0.423
), ArticleFig(id=1228805289537896484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805279341543802, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Arrangement scheme of damping wall

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
布置方案阻尼墙型号放大倍率布置方式布置个数
cα/(kN·mα·sα)αXY
DADWS4000.453单层2828
CADWM-24000.453跨层2828
CADWM-34000.453跨层2828
), ArticleFig(id=1228805289613393961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805279341543802, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

阻尼墙布置方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
布置方案阻尼墙型号放大倍率布置方式布置个数
cα/(kN·mα·sα)αXY
DADWS4000.453单层2828
CADWM-24000.453跨层2828
CADWM-34000.453跨层2828
), ArticleFig(id=1228805289718251565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805279341543802, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Comparison of seismic mitigation rate averages of floor response(Unit: %)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层响应布置方案层间位移角均值楼层加速度均值层间剪力均值
XDADWS16.0614.5515.80
CADWM-225.9722.9628.73
CADWM-340.8040.5644.04
YDADWS13.8016.0014.09
CADWM-222.7826.4125.63
CADWM-335.7537.2639.54
), ArticleFig(id=1228805289797943347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805279341543802, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

楼层响应减震率均值对比(单位:%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层响应布置方案层间位移角均值楼层加速度均值层间剪力均值
XDADWS16.0614.5515.80
CADWM-225.9722.9628.73
CADWM-340.8040.5644.04
YDADWS13.8016.0014.09
CADWM-222.7826.4125.63
CADWM-335.7537.2639.54
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拉索放大阻尼墙系统跨层布置结构的计算模型与减震效应
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陈胜权 , 刘文光 , 尚峰 , 许浩
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(5): 1087-1098
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(5): 1087-1098
拉索放大阻尼墙系统跨层布置结构的计算模型与减震效应
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陈胜权 , 刘文光 , 尚峰, 许浩
作者信息
  • 上海大学力学与工程科学学院,上海 200444
  • 陈胜权(1999—),男,硕士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘文光(1968—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
Computational model and damping effect of cross-layer cable-bracing displacement amplification damping wall system
Shengquan CHEN , Wenguang LIU , Feng SHANG, Hao XU
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanics and Engineering Science,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.05.020
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提出了将拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙系统跨层布置的耗能减震结构体系。根据拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙系统的构造形式,分析了装置的变形和受力特点,提出了该减震装置的阻尼力及耗能理论公式。建立了简化数值模型,对影响结构性能指标的参数进行了具体分析,采用定点理论对拉索式阻尼系统进行了最优参数设计,并且推导了耗能变形放大率公式量化阻尼增效程度。对建立的某30层混凝土框架核心筒结构进行了地震时程响应分析,通过对比放大型阻尼墙层间布置和拉索连接放大型阻尼墙跨层布置这3种阻尼墙布置方案的减震效率,发现将拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙系统跨层布置具有更优的减震效果。

放大型阻尼墙  /  拉索支撑  /  跨层布置  /  高层建筑  /  减震效率  /  地震响应

A structural system for energy dissipation and shock absorption with displacement amplification damping walls across multiple stories is presented. According to structural characteristics of the cable-bracing displacement amplification damping wall, the deformation and force characteristics of the device were analyzed, and presented theoretical formulations for the cable-type damping wall system’s damping force and energy dissipation. The simplified numerical model was established, the parameters that affect the structural performance indicators were analyzed in detail, the fixed-point theory was used to design the optimal parameters of the cable-type damping system, and the energy-dissipating deformation magnification equation was derived to quantify the degree of damping efficiency. A 30-story concrete frame core tube was analyzed for the seismic time-history analysis, though the vibration absorption efficiency of the three damping wall layout schemes of displacement amplification damping wall installed in single story and cable-bracing displacement amplification damping wall system installed in multi-story were compared, it is found that the cable-bracing displacement amplification damping wall system installed in multi-story has a better shock-absorption effect.

displacement amplification damping wall  /  cable-bracing  /  cross-layer arrangement  /  high-rise building  /  seismic mitigation efficiency  /  seismic response
陈胜权, 刘文光, 尚峰, 许浩. 拉索放大阻尼墙系统跨层布置结构的计算模型与减震效应. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (5) : 1087 -1098 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.05.020
Shengquan CHEN, Wenguang LIU, Feng SHANG, Hao XU. Computational model and damping effect of cross-layer cable-bracing displacement amplification damping wall system[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (5) : 1087 -1098 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.05.020
建筑结构在地震等自然灾害作用下产生的不利振动会造成结构自身性能退化严重, 以及带来舒适性和安全性等问题。因此,需要采取一定的工程措施,如在建筑结构中安装耗能减震系统,通过附加的耗能装置消散地震能量,提升建筑结构的抗震防灾性能。近年来,黏滞阻尼墙的易操作性及阻尼增益的优势被广泛研究并应用于土木工程结构中[1-2]
黏滞阻尼墙一般布置在楼层相对位移变形较大处以减小结构的地震响应[3]。由于某些特定结构本身的层间位移相对较小,如高层结构等,会导致普通阻尼墙的减震效率低,甚至无法启动[4]。而附加位移放大装置可以将结构的层间位移放大,从而提升阻尼装置的减震效果。国内外诸多学者均对位移放大装置进行了研究。CONSTANTINOU等[5]提出了基于连杆连接的位移放大型阻尼器,并进行了大型钢模型结构的振动台试验。ŞIGAHER等[6]进一步提出了剪刀型阻尼器的安装方式,该安装方式可以有效地放大层间位移,并且所占安装空间小。WATAKABE等 [7]提出了管式位移放大型黏弹性阻尼器,该阻尼装置能更有效地抑制结构动力响应。ALY 等[8]提出了基于杠杆位移放大机构的磁流变阻尼器,研究结果表明这种位移放大型装置可以有效地发挥阻尼器的性能。刘文光等[9]提出了将增位型黏滞阻尼墙进行跨层布置,研究表明将该阻尼装置跨层布置进一步提高了结构减震控制效果。目前阻尼器大部分的支撑构件都是刚性杆件,这会引起装置平面外变形甚至失稳,受压后屈曲等问题,因此考虑将柔性连接单元运用到连接支撑中。PALL[10]提出了利用拉索连接的摩擦装置,其原理是通过拉索传递位移,摩擦装置相对滑动进行耗能。MUALLA等[11]将摩擦装置利用拉索倒V 形安装,通过试验证明了该拉索系统可以显著减少结构的动力响应。KURATA等[12]设计了拉索连接中心摩擦消能构件,结构的层间相对位移通过拉索带动两个钢板转子朝相反方向运动,通过转子间的摩擦作用起到消能减震的作用。池沛等[13]提出了一种自复位摩擦耗能拉索支撑,该支撑将自复位耗能装置和拉索串联,降低结构的初始刚度,从而降低结构的地震响应。薛松涛等[14]提出了拉索式惯容系统的跨层优化,研究发现将惯容系统跨层布置的减震效果优于层间布置。
对于层间位移较小的特定结构,虽然附加位移放大装置阻尼墙可以提高其减震性能,但耗能能力仍有待提升,同时阻尼器布置数量过多会影响结构的正常使用功能以及增加工程造价。若将放大型阻尼墙跨层布置,将会占用较大的安装空间,并且装置尺寸过大会导致实际工程施工较为困难。将位移放大型阻尼墙通过拉索跨层布置,可将层间位移进一步放大,提高耗能能力,并且拉索支撑具有易于安装、占用空间小、无需改变主体结构建造方式、维护方便等优势,可以提供充足的安装空间并且便于施工,同时可以减少阻尼装置的使用数量,提高阻尼器的布置效率和经济性。
本文将拉索支撑与位移放大型阻尼墙相结合,提出了拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙系统,进行了理论分析,并构建力学模型,分析了拉索式阻尼系统设计参数的影响;基于定点理论进行优化设计,并且推导了耗能变形放大率方程量化阻尼增效程度。最后,通过有限元模型算例,分析了不同拉索式阻尼系统跨层布置方案对减震效果的影响。
本文介绍了一种拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙系统并跨层布置 (cable-bracing displacement amplification damping wall system installed in multi-story,CADWM),如图1所示,该系统由黏滞阻尼墙单元、位移放大装置、滑轮单元及拉索调谐单元组成。第i层为位移放大黏滞阻尼墙安装层,第m层为滑轮锚固层,第a层为拉索端部锚固层,其中am ≥ 1。
拉索单元上部与上层楼板锚固,下部与放大型阻尼墙上连接板连接,通过两端滑轮转动传递层间位移。当结构发生侧向位移时,布置拉索单元的层间位移为uaum,则拉索单元的伸长总量为(uaum)cosθ,即阻尼墙上连接板的位移,ugt)为地面位移。通过附加在阻尼墙上的位移放大装置,将上连接板的位移放大后再施加在剪切钢板上,使其发生水平位移为η(uaum)cosθη为位移放大装置的放大系数),放大钢板两端的相对速度,从而提高阻尼墙的耗能能力。
当结构产生层间位移u(t)时,假设结构是每一层刚度都相同的理想模型,安装拉索单元的层间位移uc(t) = nu(t),则阻尼墙上连接板的位移为:
ut(t)=nu(t)cosθ 
式中,n为拉索单元的跨层数量;θ为拉索与水平面的夹角。
同时滑轮会发生转动φ(t),如图2所示,拉索的总伸长量与滑轮转动带来的拉索轴向变化量之差是拉索单元的伸长量,图中用Δl表示:
Δl=uc(t)cosθφ(t)R 
式中,R为滑轮的半径。
根据拉索和结构层间位移之间的变形关系可知,CADWM作用于结构上的力为:
Fe=ke[uc(t)cosθφ(t)R] 
式中,ke=2k0为拉索的等效刚度,其中k0为拉索的初始刚度。
普通黏滞阻尼墙(viscous damping wall,VDW) 的计算模型可采用简化的Maxwell模型表达[15]
Fd(t)=cα|u˙|αsgn(u˙) 
式中,Fd为阻尼力;cα为阻尼系数; α为阻尼指数;u˙为剪切钢板的速度;sgn()为符号函数。
普通黏滞阻尼墙的耗能为:
Ed=Fd(t)u 
对于位移放大型黏滞阻尼墙(displacement amplification damping wall,DADW),放大系数为η,阻尼墙剪切钢板的位移和速度分别为u=ηuu˙=ηu˙,代入式(4)和(5),得到位移放大型阻尼墙剪切钢板的作用力为:
Fη(t)=cα|ηu˙|αsgn(ηu˙)=ηαcα|u˙|αsgn(u˙) 
则DADW的阻尼力和耗能公式分别为:
Fdη(t)=ηFη(t)=η1+αcα|u˙|αsgn(u˙) 
Edη(t)=Fη(t)u=ηαcα|u˙|αsgn(u˙)ηu=η1+αcα|u˙|αsgn(u˙)u 
对于CADWM (放大系数为η )跨层布置,在假设每层刚度相同的情况下,层间位移相同,阻尼墙剪切钢板的位移和速度分别为u=ncosθηuu˙=ncosθηu˙。得到CADWM剪切钢板的作用力为:
Fcη(t)=cα|ηu˙t|αsgn(ηu˙t)=ηαcα|nu˙cosθ|αsgn(nu˙cosθ)=ηαnαcosαθcα|u˙|αsgn(u˙) 
则CADWM的阻尼力和耗能公式分别为:
Fcdη(t)=ηFcη(t)=η1+αnαcosαθcα|u˙|αsgn(u˙) 
Ecdη(t)=Fcη(t)u=ηαnαcosαθcα|u˙|αsgn(u˙)ncosθηu=η1+αn1+αcos1+αθcα|u˙|αsgn(u˙)u 
定义γ为CADWM阻尼力的放大系数、ψ为CADWM耗散能量的放大系数,则γψ分别表示为:
γ=Fcdη(t)Fd(t)=η1+αnαcosαθcα|u˙|αsgn(u˙)cα|u˙|αsgn(u˙)=η1+αnαcosαθ 
ψ=Ecdη(t)Ed(t)= η1+αn1+αcos1+αθcα|u˙|αsgn(u˙)ucα|u˙|αsgn(u˙)u=η1+αn1+αcos1+αθ 
由式(12)和(13) 可知,CADWM的阻尼力和耗能能力分别是VDW的η1+αnαcosαθη1+αn1+αcos1+αθ倍,DADW的nαcosαθn1+αcos1+αθ倍。如图3所示,CADWM的滞回曲线较DADW更为饱满,说明CADWM的耗能能力更加出色。图4(a)和(b)分别为耗能放大系数ψ与拉索布置角度θ和放大倍数η之间的关系。从图4(a)中可以看出,耗能放大系数随拉索布置角度的增大呈减小趋势,拉索支撑的最大传递系数为1,因为位移放大型阻尼墙本身就具有较好的阻尼增益效果,可以在一定程度上放大位移,拉索支撑带来的位移转换系数变化侧重于实际工程中拉索支撑的调节性与适用性。从图4(b)中可以看出,随着放大倍数的提高,耗能放大系数也随之增加。
在CADWM 内部,由式 (3)和 (10) 可得,滑轮两端满足力的平衡:
ke[uc(t)cosθφ(t)R]η1+αcosαθcα|u˙c|αsgn(u˙c) 
其中,忽略拉索轴向变形,u˙c(t)可表示为φ˙(t)Rα ˃1时,VDW通常不应用于抗震设计中;α < 1时称为非线性VDW;α =1时称为线性VDW,即阻尼力和相对速度成正比。α <1时表现为非线性,主要影响的是阻尼器的出力;α =1是黏滞阻尼器的一种特殊情况,可以用来描述阻尼在整个系统的减震机理[16]。本文理论模型采用等效线性化方法即α =1线性VDW进行分析。
拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙系统的简化数值模型如图5所示。
图5中,m为楼层质量;c为楼层阻尼;k为楼层刚度;kd为阻尼墙的内部刚度,一般可忽略不计; Ft为地震力;u¨g(t)为地面加速度;uc(t)u˙c(t)u¨c(t)分别为安装拉索单元的层间位移、速度和加速度;φ(t)φ˙(t)φ¨(t)分别为滑轮单元的角位移、角速度和角加速度。
根据CADWM 的数值模型和工作机理,建立了CADWM结构的简化数值模型,CADWM结构在外部激励下的运动方程如下:
{mu¨c(t)+cu˙c(t)+kuc(t)+ke[uc(t)cosθ φ(t)R]cosθ=mu¨g(t)η2cαR2cosθφ˙(t)=ke[uc(t)cosθφ(t)R]R 
为了研究CADWM对结构振动的控制效果,本文对CADWM结构进行了参数分析,定义以下两个无量纲参数对拉索阻尼墙系统的控制性能进行描述,如表1所示。
将式(15)构造成如下所示的状态方程:
AX¯˙+BX¯=F 
其中:
A=[c0m00η2cαR2cosθ00m0000000]X¯={uφu˙φ˙}X¯˙={u˙φ˙u¨φ¨}
B=[k+kecos2θkeRcosθ00keRcosθkeR20000m00000]F={mu¨g(t)000}
根据上述无量纲参数,对式(16)进行拉普拉斯变换:
[sUs2Usϕs2ϕ]=[3pt][0100ω02κω02cos2θ2ζω0κω02Rcosθ0κω02Rcosθ2η2R2cosθω0ξ0κω02R22η2R2cosθω0ξ00000][UsUϕsϕ][0100]Ug(s) 
式中,s=iω,其中ω为外部激励的圆频率;ζ = c/(20)为结构的固有阻尼比;Ug(s)为外部激励的拉普拉斯变换;U(s)和ϕ(s)分别为层间位移uc(t)和滑轮单元角位移φ(t)的拉普拉斯变换。
基于式(17),经过转换可得到U(s)和ϕ(s)的表达式:
U(s)=(2sη2cosθω0ξ+κω02)Ug(s)2s3η2cosθω0ξ+s2(κ+4η2cosθζξ)ω02+2s(η2cos3θξκ+η2cosθξ+κζ)ω03+κω04 
ϕ(s)=κω02cosθUg(s)2s3η2Rcosθω0ξ+s2(κR+4η2Rcosθξζ)ω02+2s(ζκR+η2Rcosθξ+κη2Rcos3θξ)ω03+κω04R 
则结构和阻尼单元的位移相对于地面激励加速度的传递函数为:
HU(iω)=(κω02 + 2ωη2cosθω0ξi)2ω3η2cosθω0ξiω2(κ+4η2cosθζξ)ω02+2ω(η2cos3θξκ+η2cosθξ+κζ)ω03i+κω04 
Hϕ(iω)=κω02cosθR2ω3η2Rcosθω0ξiω2(κR+4η2Rcosθξζ)ω02+2ω(ζκR+η2Rcosθξ+κη2Rcos3θξ)ω03i+κω04R 
为了控制结构峰值位移响应,引入外部激励与结构自振频率比β = ω/ω0,将s = iβω0代入式(20) 中,可得该拉索阻尼墙减震体系层间位移uc(t)对地面激励加速度u¨g(t)幅频特性的表达式为:
T(β,ζ,ξ,κ)=[κ2ω04+4β2η4cos2θξ2ω044β2(η2cos3θξκ+η2cosθξ+κζβ2η2cosθξ)2+(κκβ24β2η2cosθζξ)2]12 
图6可知,当频率比较低时,无论三个影响参数如何变化,该体系的幅频响应几乎不变。当频率比接近于1时,随着三个影响参数在一定数值范围内的增大,幅频响应峰值明显降低,最终趋于某一最优值。在位移频响函数中,刚度比从1增大到无穷时,κ ≥ 5时的位移传递系数和无穷时的传递系数非常接近,此时拉索阻尼系统已经可以充分发挥作用。与刚度比和固有阻尼比相比,附加阻尼比变化引起的位移传递系数峰值的降低程度最为显著。
图6(b)所示,无论附加阻尼比ξ如何变化,所有的传递函数曲线都会经过两个固定点,这说明这两个固定点的位置与ξ的选取无关,仅与给定的支撑刚度和阻尼器参数有关。忽略结构阻尼,式(22)可以整理并改写成:
T2(β)=κ2ω04+4β2η4cos2θξ2ω044β2(η2cos3θξκ+η2cosθξβ2η2cosθξ)2+(κκβ2)2 
分别将ξ → 0和ξ →∞代入式(23),可得:
T02(β)=T2|ξ0=κ2ω04(κκβ2)2 
T2(β)=T2|ξ=η4cos2θω04(η2cos3θκ+η2cosθβ2η2cosθ)2 
点P(β = 0)代表的是静力响应,此时无论ξ如何取值,由于速度为0,CADWM都不会产生阻尼力。在给定支撑刚度和阻尼器参数时,所有的传递函数曲线都会通过另一个固定点Q,所以式(24)、(25) 描述的两条传递函数曲线在固定点Q处取值相同,可得固定点Q的位置为:
βQ=κcos2θ+22 
CADWM中的刚度比需要合理选择,将式(26)和β = 0代入式(24) 可以得到两固定点处的传递函数幅值,由于所有传递函数曲线都会通过这两固定点,则传递函数最小时的一个必要条件是P、Q 两点处的幅值相同,可得设计的最优刚度比为:
κopt=2cos2θ 
传递函数在固定点处导数值为零,直接对传递函数求导十分复杂,为简化起见,最优CADWM阻尼通过对传递函数的平方求导得到:
T2(β)β2|β2=βQ2=(u(β2)v(β2))β2|β2=βQ2=0 
分别对u(β2)v(β2)求导,可得:
u(β2)β2=4η4cos2θξ2ω04 
v(β2)β2=4(η2cos3θξκ+η2cosθξβ2η2cosθξ)28β2η2cosθξ(η2cos3θξκ+η2cosθξβ2η2cosθξ)2κ(κκβ2) 
将式(29)、(30) 代入式(28) ,求解可得最优CADWM 阻尼比ξopt为:
ξopt=12cos3θη2 
表2中给出了拉索布置角度θ所对应的CADWM体系最优刚度比κopt及其对应的最优阻尼比ξopt
表2可知,随着拉索布置角度θ的增加,最优刚度比和最优阻尼比明显增加,相邻两个θ对应的最优刚度比比值和最优阻尼比比值也在增加。
θ = 65º时,最优阻尼比为1.04,接近临界阻尼比1,结合最优刚度比比值和最优阻尼比比值可知,更优的拉索布置角度θ取值范围为θ ≥ 50º,此时最优刚度比和最优阻尼比的增幅都是有限的,分别控制在5%和10%以内。根据定点理论的最优刚度比和最优阻尼比的理论公式,可以得到拉索式阻尼系统刚度比和阻尼比的设计值,如表3所示。
通过这两个无量纲的参数进行CADWM 的参数设计,图7展示了系统阻尼比分别为ξ = 0、ξ → ∞、任意设计参数及依据表3选取的设计参数所对应的传递函数。可以看出,任意一条频响函数的曲线都经过固定点P、Q,由定点理论给出的设计参数使得传递函数的两个峰值等高,同时其峰值远小于任意设计参数组合时的传递函数峰值。
PREUMONT[17]提出了地面加速度的平稳白噪声模型,该模型表示的地面加速度其谱密度为常数S0,即:
Sx¨g(ω)=S0 
结构和阻尼单元的位移响应的方差可分别表示为:
E[u2(t)]=+|Ru(iω)|2Sx¨g(ω)eiωtdωE[ϕ2(t)]=+|Rϕ(iω)|2Sx¨g(ω)eiωtdω 
结构的位移响应函数可表示为:
Ru(iω)=Hu(iω)+1=c13(iω)+c22(iω)+c3(iω)+c4c13(iω)+c22(iω)+c5(iω)+c6 
其中:
c1=2ω0ξη2cosθc2=ω02(κ+4ζξη2cosθ)
c3=2ω03(κξη2cos3θ+ξη2cosθ+κζ)2ω0ξη2cosθ
c4=κω04κω02c6=κω04
c5=2ω03(κξη2cos3θ+ξη2cosθ+κζ)
将式(34)进一步简化,得到下式:
Ru(iω)=Hu(iω)+1=u(iω)v(iω) 
其中:
u(iω)=c13(iω)+c22(iω)+c3(iω)+c4v(iω)=c13(iω)+c22(iω)+c5(iω)+c6
采用式(32)中的地面激励模型,得到下式:
+|Ru(iω)|2Sx¨g(ω)eiωtdω=S0+|Ru(iω)|2dω 
|Ru(iω)|2可以简化成下式:
|Ru(iω)|2=Ru(iω)Ru(iω)=qu(iω)qu(iω)v(iω)v(iω)=gu(iω)v(iω)v(iω) 
其中:
qu(iω)=c13(iω)+c22(iω)+c3(iω)+c4
gu(iω)=b06(iω)+b14(iω)+b22(iω)+b3
b0=c12b1=c222c1c3b2=2c2c4c32b3=c42
结构的位移响应方差推导如下式所示:
E[u2(t)]=S0+gu(iω)v(iω)v(iω)dω 
根据围道积分[18],可以得到结构的位移响应方差为:
E[u2(t)]=2πS0c5(c222c1c3)+c1(2c2c4c32)c1c2c42/c1c2c42c5c52c1(c1c6c2c5) 
同理,阻尼单元的位移响应方差可表示为:
E[ϕ2(t)]=2πS0c5(c222c1c5)+c1(2c2c7c52)c1c2c72/c1c2c72c5c52c1(c1c6c2c5) 
其中:
c7=κω04κω02cosθ
拉索阻尼墙系统通过位移放大装置和拉索单元放大了阻尼单元的响应,即阻尼增效。为了量化拉索阻尼墙系统的阻尼增效程度,并且将结构阻尼比ζ纳入分析,从整个频域范围去理解拉索阻尼墙系统的阻尼增效程度和工作机理,定义如下耗能变形放大率Δ,即阻尼单元和结构位移响应均方差之比:
Δ=CADWMCADWM=RMS(ϕ2(t))RMS(u2(t)) 
图8所示,随着结构阻尼比的增加,拉索阻尼系统耗能变形放大率逐渐下降,主要原因是提出的定点理论是基于无结构阻尼条件下的。随着拉索布置角度θ的增大,结构阻尼对拉索阻尼墙系统的耗能变形放大率的影响逐渐减小,这与大角度能够在一定程度上提升减振系统鲁棒性的结论相一致。
为探讨减振控制效果与阻尼增效的关系,将非受控结构的位移响应均方差值定义为RMSuc(u2(t)),定义响应减振比βu为:
βu=RMS(u2(t))RMSuc(u2(t)) 
对公式(41)和(42)进行化简,可得响应减振比βu和耗能变形放大率Δ之间的简单关系式,该方程即为阻尼增效方程:
βu2(1+Δ2ξζ)=1 
由式(43)可知,针对指定的结构阻尼,当拉索阻尼系统的阻尼比确定时,响应减振比和耗能变形放大率一一对应且反相关。
为了研究拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙系统在建筑结构中跨层布置的减震效果,分别建立了附加位移放大型阻尼墙层间布置(displacement amplification damping wall installed in single story,DADWS)、附加拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙跨两层布置(cable-bracing displacement amplification damping wall system installed in multi-story-2,CADWM-2)、附加拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙跨三层布置(cable-bracing displacement amplification damping wall system installed in multi-story-3,CADWM-3)方案。对比分析3种布置方案下结构在地震作用下的结构响应,3种阻尼墙布置方案见图9(e)~(g),其对应的理论滞回曲线如图9(d)所示。
使用SAP2000软件进行有限元建模,建立了一个30层的框架-剪力墙结构模型,结构总高度为119.4 m,如图9(a)所示。剪力墙厚200 mm,框架梁截面尺寸为800 mm×300 mm,框架柱截面尺寸为1500 mm×1500 mm。抗震设防烈度8度,场地类别为Ⅱ类,结构周期为2.06 s。阻尼墙采用Maxwell模型分析,相较于α =1,α < 1的滞回曲线更加饱满,其非线性主要影响的是阻尼墙的出力,根据式(4),阻尼墙出力和活动钢板剪切速度不变,改变阻尼指数只会影响阻尼系数的大小,因此数值计算的阻尼指数采用了工程中广泛应用的0.45进行结构响应分析,其阻尼系数为400 kN·mα·sα,位移放大装置的放大系数为3。
在SAP2000软件建模中,用Damper连接类型来模拟黏滞阻尼墙单元,用拉压杆来模拟拉索单元,根据拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙的结构特点,考虑拉索单元与位移放大型阻尼墙单元串联布置,如图9(c)所示,其中等效拉索刚度κeq和阻尼系数ceq定义为:
κeq=2k0ceq=ψcα 
本文设计了3种阻尼墙的布置方案,DADWS、CADWM-2和CADWM-3,并对比了不同布置方案下的减震效果。选取结构响应相对较大的F5-F13和F17-F28布置阻尼墙,如图9(a)所示。通过控制阻尼墙的布置数量相同,在指定楼层范围内每三层布置X向阻尼墙4个、Y向阻尼墙4个,比较阻尼墙不同布置方案的性能差异,阻尼墙的布置位置如图10所示。具体的阻尼墙布置方案如表4所示。
根据标准反应谱特性,选取了4条地震波Chi-Chi波、Livermore波、N.PalmSprings波和RZB波进行时程响应分析。计算时,将4条地震波的峰值加速度调整为8度设防区多遇地震水平,即70 gal。
在相同的4条地震波作用下分别对附加位移放大型阻尼墙层间布置(DADWS)、附加拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙系统跨两层布置(CADWM-2)和附加拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙系统跨三层布置(CADWM-3)进行了动力时程分析,对比3种布置方案的层间位移角、楼层加速度和层间剪力响应均值,考察阻尼器不同布置方案下的减震性能,如图11所示。
3种布置方案的楼层响应减震率均值如表5所示。相对于DADWS, CADWM-3的层间位移角X向和Y向减震率均值分别提高了2.5和2.6倍;楼层加速度的X向和Y向减震率均值分别提高了2.8和2.2倍;层间剪力的X向和Y向减震率均值均提高了2.8倍。相对于CADWM-2,CADWM-3的层间位移角X向和Y向减震率均值均提高了1.6倍;楼层加速度的X向和Y向减震率均值分别提高了1.8和1.5倍;层间剪力的X向和Y向减震率均值均提高了1.5倍,可以看出CADWM-3 减震效果显著。如图12所示,选取层间位移角最大的26层进行不同布置方案下位移时程的对比。如图13所示,选取顶层进行不同布置方案下加速度时程的对比。由图1213可知,CADWM-3与其他布置方案相比,其相位没有发生改变,故变化趋势相同,并且峰值明显降低,说明CADWM-3有更显著的减震效果。
图14给出了Livermore波作用下3种布置方案的阻尼墙滞回耗能时程对比。可以看出,3种布置方案下,CADWM-3的黏滞阻尼墙耗能最多,其耗能能力为DADWS的1.6倍, CADWM-2的1.2倍,这说明附加CADWM-3系统,进一步提高了阻尼墙的耗能效率。对布置在23层X向的1个阻尼墙进行分析,在Chi-Chi波和RZB波作用下的滞回曲线如图15所示。可以看出,相较于阻尼墙层间布置和拉索式阻尼墙跨两层布置,附加拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙系统跨三层布置的滞回曲线更加饱满,耗能效率更加显著。
本文针对拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙系统,介绍了其基本组成,建立了相应的力学模型,完成了其参数分析,并对不同跨层布置方案进行了地震响应分析,结论如下:
(1)介绍了拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙装置,分析了其受力和变形特点,推导了其阻尼力及耗能理论公式。放大倍数为 η 的拉索连接放大型阻尼墙系统的阻尼力与耗能能力与普通阻尼墙相比分别提高了η1+αnαcosαθη1+αn1+αcos1+αθ倍。
(2)分析了结构性能指标参数的影响,发现附加阻尼比的变化引起的位移传递系数峰值的降低程度最为显著;采用定点理论对拉索式阻尼系统进行了最优参数设计,并且推导了耗能变形放大率公式以量化阻尼增效程度。
(3)对DADWS、CADWM-2和CADWM-3这3种布置方案进行了地震响应分析,算例表明,层间位移角减震率均值分别为14.9%、24.4%、38.3%;楼层加速度减震率均值分别为15.3%、24.7%、38.9%;层间剪力减震率均值分别为14.9%、27.2%、41.8%。将拉索连接位移放大型阻尼墙跨三层布置减震效果显著提升。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52108461)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52078287)
  • 上海市自然科学基金资助项目(22ZR1422700)
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2025年第38卷第5期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.05.020
  • 接收时间:2023-03-02
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-02
  • 修回日期:2023-05-09
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52108461)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52078287)
上海市自然科学基金资助项目(22ZR1422700)
作者信息
    上海大学力学与工程科学学院,上海 200444

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刘文光(1968—),男,博士,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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