Article(id=1228805184327971377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1689868800000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-21, revisedDate=1698076800000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770899586040, onlineDateStr=2026-02-12, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770899586040, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770899586040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770899586040, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228805175335383281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='4', pageStart='663', pageEnd='888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770899583895, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770901458539, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228813038325789525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228813038329983830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1228805175335383281, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=768, endPage=776, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228805184588018243, articleId=1228805184327971377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Modeling and isolation performance of a nonlinear enhanced bellow-type hydraulic inerter-based vibration isolator, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A nonlinear enhanced bellows-type hydraulic inerter-based antiresonance vibration isolator is proposed for low-frequency line spectra vibration isolation. The nonlinear dynamic model of the enhanced system and the quasi-static model with bistable negative stiffness are established. The influence of parameters such as geometric dimensions and elastic coefficients on the nonlinear stiffness characteristics of the system is studied. It is found that the structure with negative stiffness enhancement only regulates the extent of nonlinear stiffness without changing the load-bearing capacity or static deformation. Subsequently,an estimation analysis of vibration isolation performance is conducted. The vibration transmissibility of the degraded linear system under force excitation is studied,and the effects of non-dimensional parameters,including the inertial mass ratio,effective area ratio,and damping ratio,on the transmissibility characteristics are analyzed. The dynamic response is solved by using the averaging method,and the analytical solution steps for the transmissibility of the nonlinear enhanced system are given based on the equivalent linearized stiffness. The analytical results are validated by comparing them with numerical simulation results,showing small relative errors,and thus can be used for design purposes. A comparative study is conducted on the transmissibility characteristics of the nonlinear negative stiffness enhanced hydraulic inerter-based vibration isolation system. The results indicate that the introduction of a bi-stable negative stiffness can lower the resonance and anti-resonance frequencies of the isolation system. By designing appropriate inertial mass parameters,it is possible to achieve superior wideband isolation effectiveness in the low-frequency range.

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针对低频线谱振动隔离难点,提出了一种非线性增强的波纹管液力惯容动力反共振隔振装置。建立了该非线性增强系统的双稳负刚度的准静态模型及非线性动力学模型,研究了几何尺寸、弹性系数等参数对系统非线性刚度特性的影响,发现负刚度增强结构仅对隔振器刚度的非线性程度起调控作用,而不改变其承载能力和静变形。进而开展隔振性能分析工作,推导了基准线性系统在力激励作用下的振动传递率,并研究了无量纲化参数惯性质量比、有效面积比、阻尼比三个绝对量对传递率特性的影响规律;采用平均法求解了增强非线性系统的动力学响应,基于等效线性化刚度给出了非线性增强系统传递率解析求解方法和步骤,并与数值仿真结果对比,结果发现解析传递率与数值结果较为吻合;对非线性负刚度增强的液力惯容隔振系统的传递率特性开展了比较性研究,结果表明,引入双稳负刚度可以降低隔振系统的共振频率和反共振频率,通过设计合理的惯性质量参数,可在低频段获得优越的宽带隔离特性。

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滕汉东(1975—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:
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高雪(1986—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:

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高雪(1986—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:

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Structural parameters of the primary supporting bellow

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参数取值
外径D1/mm110
内径D2/mm75
壁厚δ/mm0.3
圆弧半径r/mm3.75
波纹数q5
理论刚度K/(N·m-1)3.94×104
有效面积Se/m26.72×10-3
), ArticleFig(id=1229121422937878859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805184327971377, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

主支撑波纹管的结构参数

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参数取值
外径D1/mm110
内径D2/mm75
壁厚δ/mm0.3
圆弧半径r/mm3.75
波纹数q5
理论刚度K/(N·m-1)3.94×104
有效面积Se/m26.72×10-3
), ArticleFig(id=1229121423009182029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805184327971377, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Structural parameters of the additional bellows

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参数取值
外径D1/mm35
内径D2/mm22
壁厚δ/mm0.12
圆弧半径r/mm1
波纹数m15
理论刚度kb/(N·m-1)3.8×103
有效面积Ae/m26.38×10-4
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附加波纹管的结构参数

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参数取值
外径D1/mm35
内径D2/mm22
壁厚δ/mm0.12
圆弧半径r/mm1
波纹数m15
理论刚度kb/(N·m-1)3.8×103
有效面积Ae/m26.38×10-4
), ArticleFig(id=1229121423189537105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1228805184327971377, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Parameters of the negative stiffness bistable structure

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参数取值
弹簧长度l/mm49
水平宽度d/mm45
垂直高度h/mm19
弹性系数ks/(N·m-1)2.4×105
弹簧数量n4
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双稳负刚度结构的参数

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参数取值
弹簧长度l/mm49
水平宽度d/mm45
垂直高度h/mm19
弹性系数ks/(N·m-1)2.4×105
弹簧数量n4
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非线性增强波纹管液力惯容隔振器的建模及隔振性能研究
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高雪 , 滕汉东
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(4): 768-776
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(4): 768-776
非线性增强波纹管液力惯容隔振器的建模及隔振性能研究
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高雪 , 滕汉东
作者信息
  • 南京航空航天大学航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室,江苏 南京 210016
  • 高雪(1986—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:

通讯作者:

滕汉东(1975—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:
Modeling and isolation performance of a nonlinear enhanced bellow-type hydraulic inerter-based vibration isolator
Xue GAO , Handong TENG
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.012
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针对低频线谱振动隔离难点,提出了一种非线性增强的波纹管液力惯容动力反共振隔振装置。建立了该非线性增强系统的双稳负刚度的准静态模型及非线性动力学模型,研究了几何尺寸、弹性系数等参数对系统非线性刚度特性的影响,发现负刚度增强结构仅对隔振器刚度的非线性程度起调控作用,而不改变其承载能力和静变形。进而开展隔振性能分析工作,推导了基准线性系统在力激励作用下的振动传递率,并研究了无量纲化参数惯性质量比、有效面积比、阻尼比三个绝对量对传递率特性的影响规律;采用平均法求解了增强非线性系统的动力学响应,基于等效线性化刚度给出了非线性增强系统传递率解析求解方法和步骤,并与数值仿真结果对比,结果发现解析传递率与数值结果较为吻合;对非线性负刚度增强的液力惯容隔振系统的传递率特性开展了比较性研究,结果表明,引入双稳负刚度可以降低隔振系统的共振频率和反共振频率,通过设计合理的惯性质量参数,可在低频段获得优越的宽带隔离特性。

隔振  /  惯容  /  动力反共振  /  非线性增强  /  波纹管

A nonlinear enhanced bellows-type hydraulic inerter-based antiresonance vibration isolator is proposed for low-frequency line spectra vibration isolation. The nonlinear dynamic model of the enhanced system and the quasi-static model with bistable negative stiffness are established. The influence of parameters such as geometric dimensions and elastic coefficients on the nonlinear stiffness characteristics of the system is studied. It is found that the structure with negative stiffness enhancement only regulates the extent of nonlinear stiffness without changing the load-bearing capacity or static deformation. Subsequently,an estimation analysis of vibration isolation performance is conducted. The vibration transmissibility of the degraded linear system under force excitation is studied,and the effects of non-dimensional parameters,including the inertial mass ratio,effective area ratio,and damping ratio,on the transmissibility characteristics are analyzed. The dynamic response is solved by using the averaging method,and the analytical solution steps for the transmissibility of the nonlinear enhanced system are given based on the equivalent linearized stiffness. The analytical results are validated by comparing them with numerical simulation results,showing small relative errors,and thus can be used for design purposes. A comparative study is conducted on the transmissibility characteristics of the nonlinear negative stiffness enhanced hydraulic inerter-based vibration isolation system. The results indicate that the introduction of a bi-stable negative stiffness can lower the resonance and anti-resonance frequencies of the isolation system. By designing appropriate inertial mass parameters,it is possible to achieve superior wideband isolation effectiveness in the low-frequency range.

vibration isolation  /  inerter  /  dynamic anti-resonance  /  nonlinear enhanced  /  bellow
高雪, 滕汉东. 非线性增强波纹管液力惯容隔振器的建模及隔振性能研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (4) : 768 -776 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.012
Xue GAO, Handong TENG. Modeling and isolation performance of a nonlinear enhanced bellow-type hydraulic inerter-based vibration isolator[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (4) : 768 -776 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.012
动力反共振隔振(dynamic anti-resonance vibration isolation,DAVI)是指一类利用在传递率曲线上系统惯性耦合出现极小值反共振点的隔振技术,该技术可有效解决传统隔振技术中低刚度和稳定性难以兼顾的矛盾[1-2]。理论上,在反共振条件且阻尼较小时,反共振隔振系统的振动传递率能够接近百分之百,几乎实现振动绝缘,所以特别适合于具有稳定线谱特征的低频隔振。动力反共振隔振器的反共振结构一般由机械杠杆加惯性质量构成。杠杆式反共振隔振器早期主要应用于直升机旋翼-机身振动的控制。近年来,反共振隔振机理及装置也逐渐开始应用于船舶轴系纵向减振等领域[3]。与此同时,动力反共振隔振机理的实现结构并不仅仅局限于机械杠杆结构,近年来衍生出了多种新的形式[4-8]。LI等[8]在开展基于液-固混合介质的双腔式低频隔振装置研究时,发现了研究系统在一定频率下,两腔室连接管道内流体的惯性与附加容器内混合介质的弹性相互耦合也会形成上述动力反共振特性。
惯容器(inerter)作为一种可提供远大于自身重力的惯性力元件近年来在振动控制领域得到了广泛关注[9],并联惯容器的隔振系统具有更低的固有频率且传递率峰值更低,其效果相当于增加了隔振设备的质量,且同样出现了DAVI隔振器共有的反共振频率。目前,实现惯容的方式也有多种,其中流体式应用较为广泛[10]。但是流体式惯容器存在的突出问题是惯质与阻尼耦合,这是流体式惯容器的结构设计所导致的,通常为了实现足够的惯容质量,需将流体路径设计为细长管型,只有在细口径及长行程的通道中,才可以得到十倍甚至百倍于流体自身质量的惯容质量,但这也导致流体阻尼较大,且惯容质量与阻尼相互耦合,导致二者无法单独设计,给工程应用带来了不便。而本文在双腔液-固混合介质研究基础上,类比于共振转换器,设计了波纹管式液力惯容隔振装置,该结构的惯容质量不依赖于流体质量,而是由附加波纹管的端部质量单独提供,而流体在其中仅起到液力传递作用,及提供适当的小阻尼。
从动力学机理上来说,动力反共振隔振通过增加惯性质量来降低共振频率,从而达到对低频振动的隔离,同时还不降低系统的承载能力,具备高静态低动态的刚度特性。而在对附加质量有严格要求的应用场合,当附加质量达到最大极限值时,如何进一步降低低频隔离区间及改善低频隔振性能则成为难题。并联负刚度是一种非常有效的解决方法,目前负刚度机制在准零刚度隔振器的构造方面具有重要的理论与应用价值,而通常实现负刚度的方式有磁力式、结构屈曲式、几何非线性弹簧式等[11]
本文采用几何非线性弹簧实现负刚度,这里负刚度并非直接并联于主支撑弹性元件,而是连接于惯性质量块上,且由于液力惯容效应对惯性质量与弹性力具有杠杆放大作用,所以并联于惯性质量的负刚度也可被放大数十倍,这样仅需具有相对较小几何尺寸和弹性系数的弹簧即可实现与正刚度量级匹配的负刚度系数,对于构造安装空间有限的重载型设备隔振器是有利的。
本文首先介绍非线性增强的波纹管液力惯容动力反共振隔振器的结构设计;进而建立了其非线性动力学模型,研究系统参数对刚度特性及传递率的调控规律;最后对隔振性能进行评估与比对研究。
图1为非线性增强的波纹管液力惯容动力反共振隔振器的结构示意图。该装置由宽口径主支撑波纹管、内部附加细口径波纹管及其端部惯性质量组成,而其波纹管腔室内填充油液,可实现液力传递。惯容子系统由附加细口径波纹管、惯性质量及负刚度双稳弹簧构成。从力学机理上来看,该系统类似于机械杠杆式动力反共振隔振结构,其中杠杆效应在本设计中由油液在不同截面管径的液力传递实现。与共振转换器、螺旋管惯容等装置相比,该装置最大的优势在于解耦了惯容质量与阻尼,使二者可单独设计,这在工程上尤为重要。波纹管结构具备抗横向剪切刚度及抗弯刚度,所以该隔振器结构具备一定的侧向稳定性。
结合图1隔振装置进行建模。首先以负载质量为研究对象,其受力包括激振力、内部油液脉动压力及主支撑波纹管提供的弹性支撑力及阻尼力,如图2(a)所示,因此其动力学方程为:
式中,x为隔振质量位移;F cos (ωt)为简谐激励;M为负载质量;K为主支撑波纹管容器刚度;C为主支撑波纹管的阻尼系数;Se为主支撑波纹管的有效横截面积;Po (t)为波纹管容器内部油液压力Pi (t)与外部环境气压Pa的压力差,即Po (t)=Pi (t)-Pa
继而以连接于附加波纹管的惯性质量块为研究对象,如图2(b)所示,其同样受到通过连杆传递的内部油压、附加波纹管和负刚度弹簧的弹性恢复力及阻尼力的作用,其动力学方程为:
式中,y为附加惯性质量块的位移;Ae为附加波纹管的有效面积;m为端部惯性质量;c为惯容子系统的阻尼系数;f(y)为附加波纹管与双稳负刚度结构共同对端部惯性质量块的弹性恢复力。
给定如下假设条件:(1)内部油液不可压缩;(2)波纹管由于径向变形非常小,其有效面积恒定不变。因此主支撑波纹管的压缩变形等于附加波纹管的压缩变形,即存在以下关系:
因此,可得到如下关系:
将式(4)代入式(2)得到:
再将式(5)代入式(1),整理后可得:
式中,
对于含双稳负刚度的非线性增强系统,则需要进一步通过准静态分析推导出惯容子系统的非线性恢复力f(y)。
斜置弹簧式的双稳负刚度体现为几何非线性,其存在三个平衡点,其中第1和第3平衡点是稳定的,第2平衡点是非稳定的。为了使隔振效果最佳,隔振器通常选第2平衡点为工作静平衡位置。
图3所示,在初始状态隔振器未受载时,弹簧自然长度为l,其在水平方向的投影长度为d,质量块初始高度为。在外力(静力)Fnod作用下,当质量块位移为y时,弹簧长度变为,则弹簧提供的弹性恢复力为:
式中,ks为弹簧的弹性系数。
存在以下力平衡关系:
式中,n为斜置弹簧的个数。
所以,由细口径波纹管和上述斜置弹簧提供的总非线性弹性恢复力则为:
式中,kb为附加波纹管刚度。
将式(9)代入Ftol (x)的表达式,则:
进一步对其在y=h处(第2稳态点)进行泰勒展开,得到:
将其代入方程(6),得到:
通过坐标变换,将原点由隔振器在自然原长状态下的顶端位置平移至静平衡位置,即隔振工作点,则,且考虑到静载项在动平衡位置可由负载质量平衡掉,因此得到隔振系统在静平衡位置处的动力学方程为:
结合式(4),同时为了书写方便,下文将省略以上各字母的上划线,进而上式可整理为:
式中,,其中,
本节主要针对给定的隔振器参数开展研究。表12分别给出了主支撑波纹管及附加波纹管的结构尺寸参数,表3给出了双稳负刚度结构的参数,其中波纹管结构的刚度由板壳理论方法解析求解得到[11-12]
基于式(8),图4比较了双稳负刚度的结构尺寸、弹性系数对恢复力曲线的影响。其中,尺寸参数的改变不仅影响恢复力曲线的凹凸形状,还影响平衡点的位置。而在尺寸完全确定的基础上,弹性系数的改变却仅改变负刚度弹性恢复力的曲率,其三个平稳点位置并未受影响,如图4(c)所示。
基于式(10),图5给出了双稳负刚度弹簧的弹性系数对整个系统弹性恢复力曲线的影响。可以看出,负刚度弹簧弹性系数的改变仅影响整个曲线的非线性程度,但均通过第2稳态平衡点,即静载工作点,所以负刚度的并入并没有改变隔振系统的静变形,也没有降低承载能力(约880 N),但对隔振系统的刚度特性却起到了有益的调控作用:在工作点附近,刚度曲线的斜率由于负刚度的引入大幅降低,即动态隔离刚度显著降低,所以在振动条件下,隔振性能将得到极大提升。
本节首先研究不含双稳负刚度的基准线性系统的传递率特性,其动力学方程中将不含二阶以上的刚度非线性项。
对于基准线性系统,忽略动力学方程(14)中二阶以上的非线性刚度项,则可得到其振动方程。假定该系统在简谐激励作用下的位移响应为:x=B cos (ωt+φ),其中φ表示相位角,则。根据质点系牛顿第二定律,传递至基础上的力可表示为:
式中,
将上述位移、速度和加速度表达式代入式(15)中,即得到传递力为:
其中,位移稳态响应的幅值B为单自由度系统响应幅值。
力传递率为:
令频率比λ=ω/ωn,有效面积比,质量比,固有频率,阻尼比,得到无量纲化的传递率表达式为:
通过对传递率的分析可以发现:
(1)基准线性系统的传递率特性完全取决于三个参数,即惯性质量与总质量的比值ρ,有效面积比ν及阻尼比ξ
(2)传递率函数在处具有极小值,此时:
该频率点为反共振频率,是决定隔振性能的关键指标之一,ηmin则是反共振频率处的最佳隔离率。当ξ→0时,ηmin→0,即在反共振隔振频率处,理想情况下,可实现100%的振动隔离,这是其他被动式隔振方法所无法比拟的。鉴于本隔振器的惯容结构设计克服了细长管径惯容器的大阻尼问题,因此可以实现小阻尼下更优越的隔振效率。
根据无量纲表达式(19),图6给出了质量比ρ,有效面积比ν、阻尼比ξ等三个参数对传递率曲线的影响。不难发现:(1)质量比ρ的增加可以降低反共振隔振频率,以及降低共振峰值;实际上在隔振系统主质量参数保持不变的情况下,质量比的增加即意味着惯性质量m的增大,所以也会导致系统主共振频率往低频方向移动;(2)有效面积比ν的增加也会使得反共振频率降低,且反共振频率对该参数的变化相对较为敏感;(3)阻尼比ξ的改变仅对传递率的幅值起到调控作用,不改变共振与反共振频率,而低阻尼有益于反共振处的隔振。
结合式(19),图7给出了反共振频率处的最优隔振传递率随惯性质量比ρ与有效面积比ν这一参数组合变化的三维曲面。ηmin越小说明隔振效率越高,因此可以看出:惯性质量比ρ和有效面积比ν的增加虽然可以降低反共振频率,但是也会降低振动传递率,所以需要根据实际需求权衡选取。图7(b)中等高线中嵌入的数字为反共振频率处的最优传递率值,在设计应用中,当给定隔振指标以后,比如隔振效率达97%,则对应振动传递率仅为0.03,图中嵌入0.03的曲线及其左下方区域即是可选参数区域。
式(14)已经给出了隔振系统的非线性动力学方程,重新定义以下参数:
因此,方程(14)可改写为:
为了采用平均法求解,重新对参数进行标度:
式中,σ为调谐参数,ε为弱非线性标度参数,表征ω靠近ωn的程度。
设一阶近似解为x=a cos (ωt+φ),运用平均法求解得的幅频方程为:
以下进行非线性力传递率计算,这里主要基于等效线性化刚度方法进行求解。首先根据恢复力的等效原则αx+γx3Keq x,可以得到增强非线性系统的等效刚度为:
注意到其中等效刚度是响应幅值a的函数,并非一常数,进而等效刚度也就是激励频率ω的函数。考虑到力传递曲线应该和响应的幅值a有关,不同的激励水平也将得到不同的传递率曲线,将等效刚度替代式(17)中线性传递率的线性刚度后,得到:
由于响应幅值a与激振频率的关系已由上述幅频响应方程(21)得到,所以式(23)仅是激振频率ω的函数。但由于aω的显示关系较难得到,可以借助一元三次求根公式或者数值求解。非线性传递率可按下述步骤计算:(1)给定系统参数和激振频率ω;(2)根据频响方程(21)得到响应幅值a;(3)再将响应幅值a代入式(22)式中计算等效刚度Keq (a);(4)进而根据传递率公式(23)计算该频率处的传递率η(a)。对于给定参数系统,按照上述步骤解析计算的结果如图8所示(ω=2πf)。同时,为了对解析方法的有效性进行验证,数值仿真结果也示于图8中,可以看出二者吻合程度较好,只是在共振区的误差略大,这是由于共振区非线性程度体现最为明显,平均法得到的近似解析解由于属于一阶近似,本身存在一定误差,所以导致力传递率曲线在共振区也存在相应的误差,但解析法对由鞍结分岔引发的幅值跳跃点的预估还是相对准确的。此外,由于主共振区的中间解支是非稳定的,所以数值计算无法模拟这段响应。
此外还注意到由于传递率曲线共振峰往高频方向倾斜,所以在该给定参数条件下,反共振频率落入了非稳定区,这意味着在相同的激励频率下,随着初始条件的改变,系统最佳隔离传递率存在从低幅值解支切换到高幅值解支的可能性,所以实际设计中,应该避免反共振最优隔离频率处于非稳定区间内。图9给出了不同阻尼水平下非线性增强系统的传递率曲线,可以看到随着阻尼水平的增加,鞍结分岔现象被抑制,多值的非稳定区间也消失。
为了更好地理解液力惯容反共振及其非线性增强装置的隔振特性,本节首先对比了含惯性质量的非线性液力惯容隔振器与等刚度下不含惯性质量系统的传递率曲线,如图10所示。实际上,不含惯性质量的情形(m=0)即对应常规准零刚度系统。可以看出,在f=6.8 Hz附近,不含惯性质量的准零刚度系统隔离率为59%,而本文所提的非线性增强液力惯容装置隔离率可达97%,若为了准零刚度系统在该频段具备等同的隔振效果,则共振频率必须大幅降低,亦即动态隔离刚度必须大幅下降,所带来的不利影响是静载刚度较小,系统抗外力干扰能力变差。
双稳负刚度结构的弹性系数对非线性增强系统传递率的影响如图11所示。虽然负刚度的增加使得共振频率与反共振频率均向低频方向移动,但是反共振频率处的传递率也随之减小很多,因此仅通过负刚度调控隔振传递率并不一定最佳。
实际上,在弹性结构完全确定的情况下,惯性质量是调谐共振与反共振的最佳参数,且易于工程实现。图12给出了不同惯性质量对传递率的影响,可以看出惯性质量的增加同样可以降低共振频率和反共振频率,但对于共振频率的改变不如反共振频率剧烈。在设计中,可以通过合理的惯性质量和负刚度弹性系数的参数组合得到期望的隔振传递率曲线,如图13所示。
图13给出了m=0.5 kg时非线性负刚度增强系统与m=2 kg时线性系统的传递率对比。可以看出,非线性负刚度增强系统通过设置合适的惯性质量可以进一步降低有效低频隔离区间的起始频率,而反共振隔离性能几乎不受影响,且在反共振右侧高频段也具有更优的隔振效果。
本文提出了液力惯容动力反共振隔振的非线性增强结构设计,并建立了其动力学模型,进行了参数分析、非线性传递率计算及隔振性能评估研究,结论如下:
通过建立非线性动力学模型和准静态模型,探讨了系统的几何尺寸和弹性系数等参数对系统非线性刚度特性的影响。结果表明,负刚度的引入仅对系统整体刚度的非线性程度起调控作用,在不降低基准线性系统的承载能力或不增加静变形的同时,使得隔振系统具有更低的动态隔离刚度。
双稳非线性负刚度的引入使共振频率和反共振频率均向低频方向移动,进一步通过合理地设计惯性质量、负刚度弹簧弹性系数,可以在低频区间内获得比线性系统更宽的隔振频带,从而拓宽低频隔振区间。
本方案对旋翼飞行器机载设备、舰船的动力机组、输油管线泵机组的隔振具有潜在应用价值,但值得注意的是,该非线性装置仍具有一定的高通特性,将来可通过增加惯容子系统自由度的方法进一步改善。
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(NS2023001)
  • 航空科学基金资助项目(2019ZC052001)
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2025年第38卷第4期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2025.04.012
  • 接收时间:2023-07-21
  • 首发时间:2026-02-12
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-21
  • 修回日期:2023-10-24
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(NS2023001)
航空科学基金资助项目(2019ZC052001)
作者信息
    南京航空航天大学航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室,江苏 南京 210016

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滕汉东(1975—),男,博士,讲师。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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